At this point the major subfields in palaeontology are; Vertebrate palaeontology Invertebrate palaeontology Micropalaeontology Palaeobotany Spinosaurid palaeontology
I never gave paleobotany much thought until Michael Crichton made one of Jurassic Park's main characters a paleobotanist. Ellie Sattler was amazing in the book. Kinda sad her role was a bit reduced in the movie, but Laura Dern gave a stunning performance with what she had.
@ I watched Jurassic park when I was 3. I’ve loved it ever since. I’ve now got a place to study palaeontology at a prestigious university in a few years. Life is good.
As far as I understand, the discussion about whether Oxalaia is a species, subspecies or synonym is still ongoing and the discussion has been complicated by the fact that the fossil fragments of Oxalaia were destroyed and lost during the museum fire in Brazil.
@EmpressOfExile206 Parallelism is inevitable. But yeah, in September 2018, the National Museum of Brazil was hit by a big fire in the middle of the night, during which the Oxalaia holotype was destroyed and lost, along with many other things in the museum's priceless collection.
@@danielmalinen6337 And now they're desecrating the Museum by making it all Art-Deco and Modernist, removing the Imperial feel and exhibiting downright bad and ugly exhibitions. I hate my country.
I knew exactly what dino this video was going to be about as soon as I saw the notification. One thing I don't see in documents regarding Oxalaia in English is the meaning behind its names: Oxalaia comes from Oxalá (read Oshala), the creator deity from Yoruba-Brazilian religions, and quilombensis (kilom-bensis) is a reference to the Quilombos, refugee communities built by escaped enslaved people in colonial Brazil. That is because Northeastern Brazil is the region with the strongest African influence in the country. Also, back in june, I went to "Museu da Independência" (a museum dedicated to Brazil's independence from Portugal) as part of a trip with my college colleagues, and it was close to a zoology museum, where they had a replica of Oxalaia's fossil, as well as a reconstruction of the skull
They are both Archosaurs, but they are not THAT close at the end of the day. The KFC chicken you ate last week was MUCH closer to a non-avian Dinosaur than any croc or 'gater.
I live in Australia, Queensland and would love to see an episode on what sort of Dinosaurs existed here and our neighbour New Zealand. Is this possible? 🧙♂️
If there is something I liked very much on this video which is absent in so many others of the same nature, is that all of the statements are made with the possibility of these. Which means that instead of saying that "They are, behaved and looked like this" all that is said here is "They may have... It is possible... They could (or not)" which is exactly how to refer to animals that no one has ever seen alive at all for millions of years. It is not known how these ancient animals behaved and the such, and I am pleased and grateful that this video does the explanations right as speculation.
Excellent video. I’ve always thought that Brazil might have been the same as north Africa. Meaning they have their own spinosaurus, their own carcharodontosaurus, their own deltadromeus, their own bahariasaurus. Strommers riddle only in Brazil. Mike
Damn this man is Distractingly handsome, and I love watching the dancing caterpillars express complex thoughts. I really enjoyed this video and looked the thought provoking speculation on lifestyles of the large and bitey ... Keep up the good work my handsome young friend .
I think a better analogy then the "heron model" would be the "reverse-crocodile model" 💯 Just like how crocodiles are apex *aquatic* predators who would hunt 🐟 or anything else swimming in their domain while also supplementing this with hunting at the water's edge where they explode out and drag terrestrial animals into a watery grave... On the other hand, Spinosaurus was probably an apex terrestrial predator who hunted other dinosaurs on land while also hunting the water's edge where they would explode *into* the water and drag aquatic animals out to be feasted on land‼️👏
🎶 Ver-Ver-Ver, Ver-Ver-Ver, Ver-Ver-Ver Ver, Ver-Ver-Ver, Ver-Ver-Ver OXALAIA, Oxalaia No Spinosaurus just 'cause it's got a fin OXALAIA, Oxalaia And no Theropod with which you would want to swim [Apol.s to the Gypsy Kings - a play on their "Bamboléo" with 'ver' being Spanish/Portuguese for 'see']
This is what I love about paleontology: we see a few fragments, they resemble fragments of a more complete specimen, and that lets us either assemble a complete skeleton, or infer an entirely separate but related species.
This is a great video. But I do have one question, How were they able to determine that this animal had a sail if all they had was fragmentary jaw fossils? to me that seems like a stretch. I know that they would be able to determine it to be a Spinosaurid, but how would they know details like a sail? You did do a great job with this video though. Keep up the good work!
OXALAIA APPROVED. Also, in my opinion Spinosaurus and Oxalaia are separate genera and any Sigilmassasaurus remains can be attributed to them based on which continent they hail from.
Ouranosaurus and Spinosaurus didn't live together. Ouranosaurus lived during the Aptian stage the Early Cretaceous, while Spinosaurus lived during the Cenomanian stage of the Late Cretaceous. In other words there they are more than 10 million years apart.
The dinosaur surviving thing typically in central Africa always makes me think why people jump on the it looks like a dinosaur it HAS to be a dinosaur from millions of years ago. Aside from the fact that dinosaurs changed over time themselves if something like has been rumored existed who's to say it just looks like a dinosaur but is not actually a dinosaur. We seen quite a few animals do this were they end up have a similar feature to a different animal all together, giraffe and sauropods being a somewhat relative example.
Spinosaurus had literally 0 adaptations useful for swimming and diving. The only adaptation you could attribute being dense bones, of which could simply be because of their immense weight. Through recent research, it is believed that spinosaurus was a poor swimmer and slower than most if not all other large theropods.
@@mikkelmoland9571 I think you don't understand what density means. It is not only about how much bones weight, but how much they weight when compared to their volume. Tyrannosaurus for example had much heavier bones than spino, but not as dense. And there is literally 0 evidence showing that spino would be a worse swimmer than any theropod. Even if its wide tail was mainly for display, its movement would still give spino more speed than any terrestrial theropod, especially considering the fact that spino would make less drag by swimming beacouse of its slimmer, more hydrodynamical body.
@ spinosaurus was super heavy around 7.4 tons, the reason behind its denser femur bone is most likely a result of their immense weight, as spinosaurus had much smaller legs in general compared to that of a similar in size theropod. As well as its tail wasn’t flexible enough for it to capitalise on the greater size of it, the reason behind its believed slower swimming speeds is mostly because of its short legs. As well as spino generally being very not hydrodynamic, its massive forelimbs would be a negative as well as its huge sail. Spino definitely wasn’t the slowest theropod in the water but it was definitely not the fastest either. There are also a few other adaptations within spinosaurus that generally are bad for swimming, such as its nostril placement.
Alright dumb question, but is the skin coloring based on anything retrieved, or is it inspired by current lizards? I am sure it's googleable, just scoping for good sources.
It's up to the paleo artist. Who in my opinion are just as important as the actual paleontologists. I think there is only a few dinos where they might have a idea of color due to remarkable preservation. Gobbless paleo artists.
Thought so. As far as I imagine, impressions are extremely rare, and the colors seen here just made me think, "No way." Gonna look into paleo artists. Thank you, guys!
Love these videos - clear, educational and lacking 'drama'. Really cant understand why you dont have many more subscribers.
Because some people don’t recognise good youtubers when they see one
Thank you for answering my question. I know it sounded silly, but was curious on your take on it.
Great episode once again 🧙♂️👍🏼
At this point the major subfields in palaeontology are;
Vertebrate palaeontology
Invertebrate palaeontology
Micropalaeontology
Palaeobotany
Spinosaurid palaeontology
I never gave paleobotany much thought until Michael Crichton made one of Jurassic Park's main characters a paleobotanist. Ellie Sattler was amazing in the book. Kinda sad her role was a bit reduced in the movie, but Laura Dern gave a stunning performance with what she had.
@ I watched Jurassic park when I was 3. I’ve loved it ever since. I’ve now got a place to study palaeontology at a prestigious university in a few years. Life is good.
As far as I understand, the discussion about whether Oxalaia is a species, subspecies or synonym is still ongoing and the discussion has been complicated by the fact that the fossil fragments of Oxalaia were destroyed and lost during the museum fire in Brazil.
Aye!
The obvious conclusion is that spinosaurine holotypes are cursed.
Wow, you mean *exactly* like how the Spinosaurus holotype was destroyed in Germany during WWII⁉️ 🤔
@EmpressOfExile206 Parallelism is inevitable. But yeah, in September 2018, the National Museum of Brazil was hit by a big fire in the middle of the night, during which the Oxalaia holotype was destroyed and lost, along with many other things in the museum's priceless collection.
@@danielmalinen6337
And now they're desecrating the Museum by making it all Art-Deco and Modernist, removing the Imperial feel and exhibiting downright bad and ugly exhibitions. I hate my country.
Oxolaia is so cool. Absolutely my favorite spinosaur. Deserves more love.
I knew exactly what dino this video was going to be about as soon as I saw the notification.
One thing I don't see in documents regarding Oxalaia in English is the meaning behind its names: Oxalaia comes from Oxalá (read Oshala), the creator deity from Yoruba-Brazilian religions, and quilombensis (kilom-bensis) is a reference to the Quilombos, refugee communities built by escaped enslaved people in colonial Brazil. That is because Northeastern Brazil is the region with the strongest African influence in the country.
Also, back in june, I went to "Museu da Independência" (a museum dedicated to Brazil's independence from Portugal) as part of a trip with my college colleagues, and it was close to a zoology museum, where they had a replica of Oxalaia's fossil, as well as a reconstruction of the skull
I’m suprised you didn’t point out that crocodiles aren’t dinosaurs but just close relatives.
Why? Everyone knows that.
@ the person who asked about it didn’t.
They are both Archosaurs, but they are not THAT close at the end of the day.
The KFC chicken you ate last week was MUCH closer to a non-avian Dinosaur than any croc or 'gater.
@subraxas yeah but birds are dinosaurs pretty much so of course they're going to be closer. But yeah it's prehistoric a long long time away.
I live in Australia, Queensland and would love to see an episode on what sort of Dinosaurs existed here and our neighbour New Zealand. Is this possible? 🧙♂️
Hey, fellow QLDer.
For a JUICY SuperThanks, everything would be possible! 😛
Great bite-sized dino videos!
If there is something I liked very much on this video which is absent in so many others of the same nature, is that all of the statements are made with the possibility of these. Which means that instead of saying that "They are, behaved and looked like this" all that is said here is "They may have... It is possible... They could (or not)" which is exactly how to refer to animals that no one has ever seen alive at all for millions of years. It is not known how these ancient animals behaved and the such, and I am pleased and grateful that this video does the explanations right as speculation.
Excellent video. I’ve always thought that Brazil might have been the same as north Africa. Meaning they have their own spinosaurus, their own carcharodontosaurus, their own deltadromeus, their own bahariasaurus. Strommers riddle only in Brazil. Mike
Damn this man is Distractingly handsome, and I love watching the dancing caterpillars express complex thoughts.
I really enjoyed this video and looked the thought provoking speculation on lifestyles of the large and bitey ... Keep up the good work my handsome young friend .
8:13; Gorgosaurus and Daspletosaurus also lived alongside one another.
I think a better analogy then the "heron model" would be the "reverse-crocodile model" 💯
Just like how crocodiles are apex *aquatic* predators who would hunt 🐟 or anything else swimming in their domain while also supplementing this with hunting at the water's edge where they explode out and drag terrestrial animals into a watery grave... On the other hand, Spinosaurus was probably an apex terrestrial predator who hunted other dinosaurs on land while also hunting the water's edge where they would explode *into* the water and drag aquatic animals out to be feasted on land‼️👏
🎶
Ver-Ver-Ver, Ver-Ver-Ver, Ver-Ver-Ver
Ver, Ver-Ver-Ver, Ver-Ver-Ver
OXALAIA, Oxalaia
No Spinosaurus just 'cause it's got a fin
OXALAIA, Oxalaia
And no Theropod with which you would want to swim
[Apol.s to the Gypsy Kings - a play on their "Bamboléo"
with 'ver' being Spanish/Portuguese for 'see']
😀 👍
I wish that someone finds more related fossils very soon.
This is what I love about paleontology: we see a few fragments, they resemble fragments of a more complete specimen, and that lets us either assemble a complete skeleton, or infer an entirely separate but related species.
Learned about a new dinosaur today 🦖🦖
Nice to see the queen of Brazil getting some attention
This is a great video. But I do have one question, How were they able to determine that this animal had a sail if all they had was fragmentary jaw fossils? to me that seems like a stretch. I know that they would be able to determine it to be a Spinosaurid, but how would they know details like a sail? You did do a great job with this video though. Keep up the good work!
They don’t, they just guess
OXALAIA APPROVED. Also, in my opinion Spinosaurus and Oxalaia are separate genera and any Sigilmassasaurus remains can be attributed to them based on which continent they hail from.
Jambalaya! 😀
The thing you have to consider about spinosaurus's sail is that ouranosaurus which it lived with also had a sail
Ouranosaurus and Spinosaurus didn't live together. Ouranosaurus lived during the Aptian stage the Early Cretaceous, while Spinosaurus lived during the Cenomanian stage of the Late Cretaceous. In other words there they are more than 10 million years apart.
The dinosaur surviving thing typically in central Africa always makes me think why people jump on the it looks like a dinosaur it HAS to be a dinosaur from millions of years ago. Aside from the fact that dinosaurs changed over time themselves if something like has been rumored existed who's to say it just looks like a dinosaur but is not actually a dinosaur. We seen quite a few animals do this were they end up have a similar feature to a different animal all together, giraffe and sauropods being a somewhat relative example.
What if it had some kind of fake worm or something on its tongue as a lure to catch fish?
😀
"Spino wasn't a good swimmer" yet better than any land theropods..
Spinosaurus had literally 0 adaptations useful for swimming and diving.
The only adaptation you could attribute being dense bones, of which could simply be because of their immense weight.
Through recent research, it is believed that spinosaurus was a poor swimmer and slower than most if not all other large theropods.
@@mikkelmoland9571 I think you don't understand what density means. It is not only about how much bones weight, but how much they weight when compared to their volume. Tyrannosaurus for example had much heavier bones than spino, but not as dense. And there is literally 0 evidence showing that spino would be a worse swimmer than any theropod. Even if its wide tail was mainly for display, its movement would still give spino more speed than any terrestrial theropod, especially considering the fact that spino would make less drag by swimming beacouse of its slimmer, more hydrodynamical body.
@ spinosaurus was super heavy around 7.4 tons, the reason behind its denser femur bone is most likely a result of their immense weight, as spinosaurus had much smaller legs in general compared to that of a similar in size theropod.
As well as its tail wasn’t flexible enough for it to capitalise on the greater size of it, the reason behind its believed slower swimming speeds is mostly because of its short legs.
As well as spino generally being very not hydrodynamic, its massive forelimbs would be a negative as well as its huge sail. Spino definitely wasn’t the slowest theropod in the water but it was definitely not the fastest either.
There are also a few other adaptations within spinosaurus that generally are bad for swimming, such as its nostril placement.
In before Oxolaia is updated with a Seal Fin, Sail, and flippers 😂
Another complication to identifying extinct dinos is that some may have merely been juveniles that had yet to develop fully?
Spinosaurs kn their way to be destroyed by randkm stuff
A video that mentions Spinosaurus? Then by my personal decree I must say...
Spinofaarus
Da fup is that duck giraffe 🦒
before i clicked this video, i knew it was oxalaia
Jambalaya? 🙂
Before watching the video I am guessing sijilmasasaurus
Almost! 🙂
Jambalaya? 🙂
Alright dumb question, but is the skin coloring based on anything retrieved, or is it inspired by current lizards? I am sure it's googleable, just scoping for good sources.
We have no spinosaurid skin impressions yet. The colouration is entirely speculative
It's up to the paleo artist. Who in my opinion are just as important as the actual paleontologists. I think there is only a few dinos where they might have a idea of color due to remarkable preservation. Gobbless paleo artists.
Thought so. As far as I imagine, impressions are extremely rare, and the colors seen here just made me think, "No way." Gonna look into paleo artists. Thank you, guys!
@@ricopaulson1 The whole Spinosaurus was bright pink and magenta; like a Barbie house. 😛
0:02 - TOO FAT ! ! ! ! ! 😛
It's possible for hybridation
After i watch this video, i have dream about you post a mean comment to someone's post on social media
Oxalaia mentioned
👍
Bravo! 🙂
I thought Spinosaurs were a myth.
Until a proper specimen is found, I will never support the existence of "oxalaia", it's far too scrappy to maintain a whole genus.
THANK YOU BRO THESE IDIOTS KEEP MISTAKNNG ME AS THAT WHEN I AM LITERALLY B8GGER THEN THAT