Iron smelting in the early medieval slag drop shaft furnace, making iron
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- Опубліковано 13 тра 2020
- Because of Covid-19 the Long Night of Museums in many museums was canceled but some of them decided to do something despite the virus. Historical and archeological Museum in Elbląg prepared a virtual show about the metallurgy in Truso - Viking age emporium.
#officinaferraria - Наука та технологія
Tough work six hundred years ago no easier today to recreate the simple history! Thanks guys, really interesting!
By the fourteen hundreds they had blast furnaces that totally took over for these and rendered them completely antiquated.
Excellent work.
Understanding how much work this is/was makes you appreciate modern furnaces, blowers, and power hammers more. A lot of blood, burns, and sweat goes into a smelt.
This must have been one of the most shitty jobs ever. But at the same time, you look absolutely badass doing it. There’s something about dragging a ball of flaming metal around and then proceeding to beat the shit out of it with a hammer that commands respect.
I think emptying chamberpots would be more... shitty
Great job!, thank you all for showing how hard is to get metal. 👍👍🙏
I’ve always wondered how they got furnaces hot enough to melt
Metal back then . This is so cool
I have to say, this is ideal as opposed to an automatic blower. You have so much more control over the amount of airflow at any given time. I was just watching another video in which the blower was so strong it was blowing their ore and charcoal right out the top. It's just more work.
Yes. U r right, bellows gives much more control to the process and are more historical one.
It also seems to be a good idea to have two bellows to work in parallel, as in this video. Then one of the bellow is still blowing while the other one is restoring, maintaning a constant flow of air :)
@@officinaferraria did you end up with cast iron due to all the coal? If so how do you reduce the carbon content of the iron to more useful concentrations?
@@jonash5320 i can control carbon content by charcoal/ore ratio. Less charcoal gives less carbon in the bloom (in theory of course)
@@officinaferraria whats your ideal ratio? I see many people saying that 500g of ore to 2kilo of charcoal.
Looks like fun! Love the hand forged bucket ❤
Good job guys!! A huge loop, very impressive!
No eye protection. Brilliant.
Good video, thankyou for posting!
A Big job! TNX for sharing! 73 from Brasil
Besides trapping, the American fur trade, which resulted in many of America's great trails being blazed, was carried on the back of steel. Native Americans would trade many pelts for steel in the form of knives initially and later hammers and raw stock. Very interesting stuff. I was in a village in India about 17 years ago and my mother thought to bring them some mirrors. I remember us giving out these tiny 6x6 mirrors and they were stoked! Apparently, they only had one in the village and it in the bathroom of a government building. People rarely had access to it. It's so easy to take for granted the technological, industrial and logistical apatatus that makes mirrors (something once highly prized) something disposable. Amazin.
and we're now on like... 5th or 6th iteration of "mirror" - first was highly-polished copper or brass (very high maintenance), then came proto-industrial glass and Silvering processes making a Silver-on-glass mirror an elite luxury. then the advancement to Float Glass brought it to the masses. and then more recently we've shifted from Silver backed mirrors to Aluminum backed mirrors
Thanks again that was awesome to see keep up the good work we love you guys,,,that was awesome,,,we ont Moore of this project, s
Very well done, especially the bloom forging !
Thank you Thijs :-)
Just what I need for my students thanx!
Labai patiko!
Do you add any flux like limestone or shells with your charcoal and ore? Do you roast the ore first? Very nice video.
I do not use any flux. No, In this experiment I didn't roast the ore (it is hematite ore and roasting is not necessary)
Incredible, this is exactly how we do it in Africa too, funny how we came up with the same ideas while separated by thousands of kilometers
How do you know how high/low to punch the hole to bleed off the slag?
when slag starts to block the blowing hole than i make a hole about 5-10 cm below slag level.
Very well done
I would love to know how high the carbon content is at this point. Am I right if I assume that it is rather high? I really don't know much about metallurgy
The carbon content in the iron bloom depends on the temperature in the furnace and the charcoal/ore charging ratio. Usually, it is rather low carbon content. Low carbon, soft iron this is result what we want to get.
@@officinaferraria Allright, thanks for the explanation 👍
@@officinaferraria But then not so very useful for knives, axes, swords, gun barrels, that need to be high-carbon, high-tensile steel.
Интересно еще и литьё бронзы. Как древние металурги догадались совмещать медь и цинк, что.ы получилась бронза. Хотя железо это тоже интересно.
copper and zinc alloy is brass, bronze is copper and tin alloy.
Bad ass!
Ive always wondered if it would be nore efficient to powderize the charcoal. And maybe mix with the ore and maybe charge both at once. Melting silica mix down into glass for blowing and casting is sooo much easier.
For the smelting process to proceed properly, spaces are needed between the pieces of charcoal, pulverization will result in loss of circulation in the furnace.
@@officinaferraria In traditional Japanese tatara smelting, the tatara is initially loaded with alternating layers of river sand and charcoal, then lit, then more charcoal is added during the smelting process. See this video of the Nittoho tatara smelter: (ua-cam.com/video/oWweI-oWj0Q/v-deo.html).
Great re-enactment. Do you have any videos discussing where they sourced the iron ore and how they recognized and collected it?
No, but I am thinking to make a video about iron ores.
hi this is so amazing, if u had ore with low enough granular size say almost like talc powder, will it reduce energy consumption and increase yield of pure Fe?
rather no.
@@officinaferraria any reason?
@@dogodogo5891 iron yield=yes. Energy consumption=no. There are ways to conserve energy and lesson the consumption of energy expenditure both in terms of carbon char used and bowls of porridge used to pump the bellows. None of which are shown here. You,'ll have to figure it out.
Super big bog!
Kind Sir, what would be the proportion/ratio of iron ore to charcoal, by measure of weight please. Kind regards.
ratio is 1:1
*in the old days*
"Hey guys, let's heat up some dirt and when it's all cool looking let's beat it with big hammers to see what we can make". 🤣
Good work, good video 👍
It is so silent without electric blower...
Was the bloom containing a good amount of carbon?
Also, do you know of to obtain high carbon steel everytime? Maybe letting the bloom longer in the furnace?
the goal of this experiment is to get low carbon alloy. I carburize it in different process. To get high carbon bloom directly in the furnace, the ore/charcoal ratio must be changed, more charcoal less ore. The hard wood charcoal gives usually better bloom carburize.
@@officinaferraria Thank you for your answer.
If I link good in my head, you carburize it in an Aristotle furnace, after. Why? What are the advantages to get iron and then proceed to another step to get steel?
Good to know for hardwood. Do you know both ratios?
Sorry for the amount of questions
@@officinaferraria I was thinking about it... Maybe what you get after you carburize the bloom is near Oroshigane, so the steel you get doesn't need to be welded "at nauseam"?
@@MrWTPunk My guess is that it's better to carburize it afterwards because the iron is more clean at that time, and it might be easier to control the proportions. Also if you add more carbon to the bloomery, it might get wasted anyway during the processing later, so it would be rather pointless.
Skąd wzięliście rudę i jaki to rodzaj rudy? Ciemny proch, więc wygląda na magnetyt.
To jest przeprażony hematyt. O ile dobrze pamiętam to kanadyjski.
We are witnessing the death throws of the bronze age. A huge technological leap for mankind. A metal that could be repaired if broken unlike bronze.
Bronze can be forge welded, it's just easier to recast it. The only advantage iron has over bronze is added strength and wear resistance.
How much of the iron bloom is lost in the hammering process?
during whole iron bloome processing (compacting by mallets, forging, and forge-welding) there is 50% to 70% losses of the original weight.
Good, way to work up a sweat, and getting something useful done, rather than just going to a damn spa
Man I love staring at a bucket while they work the bloom
Artisian iron?
what type of hat is that in the thumbnail preview?
Crazy how they filmed this in the 14th century
X century:-)
Сложнее всего было с цифровыми носителями.
what is that lava flowing out made of
It is slag. Mostly it is iron silicate.
Hero❤
why were they using wooden hammers?
The iron bloom is very brittle just after extraction from the furnace that why we use a "soft" wooden hammer and wooden anvil.
The beginning of this video sounds like inside of Mordor or something
Красавцы! Глаза берегите! Почему не все в очках работают?
Хопа, русскоговорящий! Тоже историю металлургии изучаем? Печь называется сыродутой.
Shit, almost burnt the cottage or house down
to what purpose does the layer of dirt serve, separation from the wood ash from i assume logs to start that fire, and the real charcoal, to burn it slower? WHOAAAAA THAT ISNT A FLAMING INGOT THAT IS A METEORITE
bonjour, combien de tonnes de bois pour fabriquer 1 kg de fer?
100 kg peut etre?
Why not let the entire thing just cool slowly? Let it sit a full 24 hours before breaking open. Wouldn't that produce a better end product?
The iron bloom must be extract as hot as possible if not there is no way to clean it up (there is lot of slag which should be remove) and compact.
@@officinaferraria Couldn't you just reheat it for consolidation?
The iron bloom inside the furnace is cover by slag and when the slag is liquid it is easy to remove it. The bloom extraction when the furnace is cool down is very difficult so that's why we do it when the furnace is still hot.
@@officinaferraria Thank you for the explanation.
how many kilograms of coal does it take to make an iron?
about 40 kg
@@officinaferraria thanks
keeping it real medieval with lack of safety glasses lol...
Enjoy your work but fear of the metal can’t come into the forge.but he will learn
Кузнецы-колдуны, что с огнём играют🔥
👍🌹🌹🌹🌹💌
This is the worst kind of steal you could buy
Polak potrafi
the grass were ruined
IM DOING THIS TYPE OF SHlT ANYWAY
Der Titel ist nicht korrekt. Eisen ist das Resultat der EisenERZverhüttung!
What do you think that red powder they put in the furnace was, paprika?
La flamme n'est pas belle
С чужого видео копирует вор.
Next time a woman complains about men 'never knowing the pain of childbirth', show her this 😄
:-)
Boring!
После такого видео на обычный молоток или гвозди смотришь немного другими глазами... Мы избалованы современной металлургией.