@@robrod7120 Well, Occam's Razor is applied when you're comparing two or more theories about a subject, and this quote refers to broad subjects like history or science. So you use Occam's razor to discard opposing and/or different theories, and then put them toghether to make a picture of something larger and complex-er like the history of europe in the age of exploration. To put it in other words, looking for the truth on the matter makes it more complex the more you investigate. I hope that answers your question.
@@DaydreamingSwede Portugal was really into cartography and, well, discovering things. I don't remember exactly, but I think that several maps containing brazil-shaped landmasses predating Columbus have been discovered. Also- they had a motive. Keeping it secret was a sneaky way of getting the land all to themselves.
"So, remember back in May of 1453 when the Ottomans smashed the thick walls of Constantinople, captured the city, and beheaded the Byzantine Emperor?" * sobs * ...yes.
I realize that words cannot accurately express how much I appreciate and enjoy your videos, the clear effort and time that you put into them, but I'd like to try: Hey, you're great! Thank you so very much for all the time you put into this, I can say this history loving Yukoner just loves everything that you do! Many thanks and a thousand happinesses!
It took some adjusting to get used to this new sleep deprived John. But, now I think I love this series more than the world history one. This one seems better organised and clear..and..I really appreciate the concept of shifting perspective. Keep it up crash course. BTW..the 8 dollar clock..followed by patreon appeal..that was very clever..:D
For those interested to go further into this topic, I recommand reading these books : - The Great Divide, History and human nature in the old world and the new, Peter Watson. It's about how the discovery of Columbus changed everyhting from how we think to what makes us human, the billions new things ecountered in the new world, etc. - First encounters, Epic tru stories of cultural collision and conquest, Joeph Cummins. An entertaining book about different cultural shock encountered by navigators/explorators, detailing several major events I never heard of. - Ecological Imperialism, The biological expansion of Europe 900-1900, Alfred W. Cosby. How european explorations and expansionism shaped today's nature, and how european biological advantages helped in their conquest (diseases, food, agriculture, medicine etc)
Hey John....big fan of your videos....this one is excellent for my grade eight social class. Thank you for slowing down your videos a bit...makes them much easier for the kids to follow. Keep up the great work!!
One thing that still puts a smile on my face after a long day of work at the end of a long week of work is a new episode of Crash Course: European History.
Yes I still remember this, ottomans taxed very heavily and too much raiders around there made a huge loss, and on land took so long to cross, You’d dock at nowadays Lebanon or Palestine, make your way through Lebanon Syria Iraq Iran India, to the lower end of India (most of that path was desert and lots of bandits) so a sea route that took more than 150 days was so much better
Something I always wonder about is how did two nations of completely different culture and language were able to communicate especially early on. It is small detail but still is it as easy as it seems like here between the Mayans and Europeans.
@@Khofax i think there were 2 translators, one spanish sailor who was living in mayan lands from previous voyages, so he could speak mayan and spanish, and malinche was a slave who could speak mayan and nahuatl (aztec language), sooo, she translated from nahuatl to mayan and the sailor who lived with the mayans translated from mayan to spanish... Sorry i can't give you the name of that spanish sailor but that's what i remember from elementary (i'm mexican)
A little fun fact, though there are many decendents of Moctezuma, the Duke of Moctezuma is the royal heir to the title. The current holder lives in Spain and has a little palace for the title holder.
Guys here me out. Mongols are the exception of everything right? And Australia is upsidedownland no? So mongol history is just world history upside down, because they are the opposite/exception.
Thank you CrashCourse for this wonderful episode. I always enjoy the history behind European exploration into the New World and how Portugal and Spain became to be. Though it's not always so glorified as we study it, there are some missed up events that happen during this era. But none the less, thanks for sharing.
Look at all the people that don't understand. It's not the same, even if the Ottomans LARPed as the Roman empire. One of Europe's great civilisations vanished, you must understand that some people dislike that. I'm aware that the fall of Granada evokes the same feeling in some muslims, so just compare it to that.
It's nothing anyone who knows humanity or follows history isn't aware of but it's so damn sad that upon meeting new people the thought isn't how both groups of people can mutually benefit but quickly becomes how one side can thoroughly dominate the other side to the benefit of the dominator. Even today in our more "civilized" world, no matter the conflict be it war or trade one side always has to feel like they're "winning" over the other. And it's why we're so fascinated and worried about alien life. If we encounter a more advanced society we can only envision them behaving the same way we would at the discovery of a more primitive peoples.
You dont seem as enthusiastic in this CC history as you did in the past but it doesnt stop the smile on my face when i get a new video i love CC everything
I never took AP Euro but I took a humanities class that I loved! I look forward to seeing the historical backdrop that gave context to many of the works I enjoyed learning about
12:18 Just a correction: Malinche whose original name is Malintzin (that comes from Nahuatl language) got the spanish name of Marina and not María, Doña means Lady, therefore Doña Marina can be translated to Lady Marina.
13:15 The Treaty of Tordesillas was the main reason for the Spanish to find another way to Asia. 7:28 Magellan found this way around South-America, so the Spanish didn't need to travel along the African coast, which was controlled by the Portugese.
Hey John, you guys are doing a great job. If you can could please run a segment on African history ? but in the perspective of Africans, that would really interesting to see.
You forgot that 14th century King Dinis of Portugal founded the first Portuguese navy to combat European, and notably Moroccan pirates. The actions against the Moroccans were escalated in the 15th century into conquering and founding port cities, and thus the Portuguese and later European empires.
@Ric Boni Sorry I misunderstood. A lot of history is not well documented in video, and I'll gladly admit that education in America leaves a lot to be desired. I don't know a lot about the Jesuits except that I've heard of them, but I'm interested in learning. Do you think there is a reason American videos leave this information out?
5:40 It was more complex than that: The empire's elite really thought it was a fight for the natives' souls. But the soldiers were more practical and really cared for that sweet sweet gold. 9:00 The empire was smaller, it extended roughly to today's Mexican border with Guatemala. They had trade connections that extended to Honduras and Nicaragua, tho. It's also funny how the English name of Moteuczoma is still the old transliteration.
Some Dragon to Slay Motecuhzoma in Classical Nahuatl, Moctezuma in Spanish, and Montezuma in English, anyway there was a corruption of the name in any language.
Spot on. Not many people would realize that. Also correct about the attribution. The transatlantic empire was Castilian, the mediterranean one was Aragonese. Probably a touch of political correctness from John in order not to upset the Spaniards who still seem to think their country was born with the Visigoths.
@@ruiworthington1034 well, as a Spaniard I was pretty disappoint with that use of flag, if anything they could put the Catholic King's coat of arms or even the Burgundian cross. Neither I was surprise of John mentioning slavery of the natives by Spaniards when that actually was illegal by royal decree. Yep good old black leyend
@@leonzoful Just because that position was enforced by royal decree it doesn't mean it wasn't broken or even extensively perpetrated. Are you referring to the laws of Burgos? What is your position in terms of the establishment of the Encomienda in the New World? Do you agree with his position that the Portuguese and the Spaniards contributed in last scale to the decimation of native populations through the spread of diseases?
8:55 It's a shame you didn't mention the American-Asian sea trade, though I guess this is European History. But yeah, the trade between Mexico and the Philippines via the Spanish colonies there was very important and led to a lot of exchange between those two areas.
I love this series and learn so much from it. Your emphasis on an objectively accurate description of history is admirable. As such, to say that "Africa was rich in slaves", while perhaps technically true at the time from a European perspective, is glaringly tone-deaf from the more enlightened perspective that we enjoy today.
the fact that they are doing 2 episodes on europeans "age of exploration" is making this series look good after all. i mean they skipped everything before 1300 ce.....hope they do episodes on 30 years war, napoleon, louis XIV and eastern europe under ottoman control.
They skipped that stuff because they match their videos to US Advanced Placement (AP) curriculum. AP European History is entirely focused on *modern* Europe, which as a historical category starts roughly around 1400. If you're familiar with the divisions in academic history you know modern European history is pretty much always treated as its own deal compared to medieval or antiquity history. And yes, don't worry, what we lose in breadth we gain in depth. As you can tell, this course will have way more detail than the World History series.
I think this is geared towards the already existing AP European History class. So if something isn't covered, or is especially covered, I assume it's because the class does as well.
9:32 There are mistakes here, first off, Cortés didn't land in Mayan lands, he landed in what became Veracruz, Mayan lands were further south. Also Moctezuma ruled over the Aztec empire which was not so vast (maybe around the size of Spain), his territory was contained to what is now central Mexico. You seem to have conflated the Aztecs and the Mayans together. The Mayan areas weren't unified in an empire at this stage and started in modern southern Mexico and stretched into central America (the 'to Honduras' you mention).
Mick Mickymick considering the Aztecs have no draft animals for logistic support, the Aztec Empire was indeed vast considering the reliance on human labour.
Yes, Cortés landed first on Maya land, read about it, he first landed on Mexican Caribbean and went further to west, in The mayan realm of Tabascoob (today Tabasco) he defeated such a Casicazgo in the battle of Centla and that’s how conquest started
Conquering other regions, murdering their people and sacking their cities is common throughout human history. We can see this as the most hated conquest or as the first time people realized that colonizing is disgusting. I'm glad that humans started empathising with those that spoke other languages, had different skin colors or worshiped other gods. Hope we reach that goal someday.
@@godofthisshit Your question has nothing to do with what (s)he said, (s)he's talking about NATIONS, which yes, if in power to do so, will crush smaller nations
@@miguelpadeiro762 Most of the Caribbean hasn't tried to crush each other, same for other modern countries. As for ancient nations, you can tell from "warring" methods, where the objectives wasn't to kill.
Istanbul, not Constantinople, now it's Istanbul, not Constantinople, been a long time gone since Constantinople, have a Turkish delight on a moonlit night.
2:40 Yes the portuguese tried slave traids to start with but that didn't last long, for 99.9% of the slave trade from west africa local rulers did the capturing the Europeans simply created the demand.
I used to love CC but im kinda shocked by how unbalanced this was. Like John said "the truth resists simplicity". The truth was the Spanish only enslaved the natives in the very beginning but soon after laws were passed in Spain to treat the natives as subjects of the Crown . The encomienda system only lasted one generation and the "mita" system of "free" labour was copied from the system the incas had in place. Furthermore that is why so many african slaves were imported. I would have been balanced to add that the Europeans didnt go around africa kidnapping people but acquired their slaves by purchasing them from other Africans, usually prisoners of war from from local african wars. In fact many african cultures came to depend on the slave trade. Also, would have been balanced to mention how the Iberians intermarried with locals which led to the rich "mestisaje" culture of latinamerica (something that didnt occur with the other colonial nations that segregated and killed the natives) AND that the Iberians would also build universities, theatres, art schools - and i dont see how those were purely built to _extract_ the wealth of the colonies. For the most part the colonies were treated as extensions of the metropolis, not unlike the canary islands for example. And thats another thing that didnt happen with the other colonial nations. I dont know why here they treated Spain and Portugal as having has the same MO as England and the Low countries. Finally, Spain wasn't a poor kingdom when compared to most other european kingdoms at the time, reconquering the south (which was very wealthy at the time) gave them money, in fact the conquest of Granada gave them enough money to finance Columbus' expedition which by all accounts was supposed to be a failure, the Monarchs even knew this - as any educated person at the time would have known columbus was miscalculating the size of the planet, which he was, but the monarchs had the cash and were like whatever lets finance it and see what happens. (Columbus must be the luckiest person who has ever lived - a cruel, despotic, power hungry, psychotic idiot that now has the fame of being smart and celebrated - you could have mentioned how badly he managed the situation when he "discovered" and settled the dominican republic or how the Portuguese king wouldnt finance him as he knew his calculations were wrong - he thought the world was much smaller than it actually is, he just got lucky that he found land... and he died thinking he reached Japan or India)
On the other hand, while laws like the Leyes Nuevas were passed, the settlers in the New World mostly didn't follow them, they were rarely enforced, sparked rebellions e.g. in Peru, and were essentially watered down enough that their effect was rather limited. The practical enslavement of Indios - was not abolished, and the heir of the encomiendas became the haciendas where the the Indios were not called slaves any more but worked under similar conditions. The most important reason for replacing Indio labour with African slaves, though, was not how well the Indios were treated ;D but that much of the Indio population had been eradicated (often not intentionally) and there was a shortage of labour.
hsiF A He was literally the richest person in the world. John had already done a video on him however in his world history series, this was more of a reminder
The Portuguese hoped to form a strategy known as "Mare clausum" which as you all know today did not work out so well for the Portuguese. They wanted to control the South Atlantic as it was the only way to get into the Indian Ocean. Later the English and the French would contest that and create the rule that is now used to regulate the seas, "Mare Liberum".
We don't know if the Byzantine Emperor was beheaded or not, Constantine XI likely died a common soldier who was never identified. His last recorded words were, "the city is fallen and I am still alive" after which he led the final action of the Roman Army ever
Is there any way you guys could cite some of the art used in videos? Maybe it's just window dressing for some of the topics and people you introduce, but I'd love to be able to check them out.
All these videos have been very prejudiced against Southern Europeans. Not to mention it doesn't even mention Eastern Europe aside from the fall of Constantinople. You did not even mention the end of the Reconquista as a factor that instigated further exploration and conquest. It's funny how whenever you mention "Iberians" and Southern European countries it is to say how they are poor and lacking, and what terrible things they did, but when what they accomplish is seen as good you claim it as "European". And it seems you're not even aware of that. You did a great job shifting perspectives and showing what it was like for the natives, but you should also acknowledge that you perspective is not really European, but US-Anglo-Saxon.
LandgraabIV 1) Eastern Europeans did not play any part in the “Exploration “ of the Americas so it makes no sense to add them in the video 2) He did touch on the “reconquista” at 5:23 just not in those exact words If you spent more time listening rather than being butthurt you would’ve noticed 😊
So far I only watched this and the second episode, but this shows is amazing!!!! So what’s interesting in it, is that it shows the origins of many modern ideas, and some of those it also proves to be entirely incorrect, giving us new ways to think about the past.
Portugal in that period was poor it is a traditional view. Braudel emphasizes that Portugal was not such a poor region in the late 15th century as has been depicted, nor completely was cut- off from the rest of Europe. Her economy was neither primitive no elementary. 1) The Mediterranean type of climate enabled her to produce variety of products like olil, cork, fruit, wax and honey, corn from outside. 2) The external trade helped in the development of navigational activities an promoted shipping interests.
Not mentioned: The Battle of Lepanto, the most important naval battle of the Middle Ages, that saved Europe from total Ottoman conquest and gave them time to develop their sea powers. Also not mentioned: Human sacrifice practiced by the natives Cotes battled against.
These descriptions of the Early Spanish and Portuguese exploration deeply leave out so many details - Likely because John is operating from a US history curriculum which demonizes and leaves out important details in Hispanic history. The Black Legend is still very prevalent in American History courses and I wish John took the time to update his curriculum with the fact that it has been discredited in mind
"The truth resists simplicity" one of my favorite phrases
wow very cool
Not always the case
Sizano Green Doesn’t that contradict Occam’s razor
@@robrod7120 Well, Occam's Razor is applied when you're comparing two or more theories about a subject, and this quote refers to broad subjects like history or science.
So you use Occam's razor to discard opposing and/or different theories, and then put them toghether to make a picture of something larger and complex-er like the history of europe in the age of exploration.
To put it in other words, looking for the truth on the matter makes it more complex the more you investigate.
I hope that answers your question.
@@joshg7465ietp
I just finished re-watching Crash Course World History and it's very interesting hearing John Green at a far lower energy level after 7 years.
It's absolutely true. Set the playback speed to 1.25 and you get excited John back instantly.
Dan Teller wow. Legitimately thought what’s his deal lately. But this at least brings me back to old style John
I think he also might just really have no interest in a Eurocentric view of history... and Raoul Meyer isn't doing the writing anymore.
1.75
The Wendy's and cigarettes are catching up to him.
this is so much better lol
Portugal: [rejects explorer]
Spain: [accepts explorer, gets rich]
Portugal: wait that's illegal
@Leonardo moreira If Portugal didnt fund his journey becuse they "knew" it would fail then how did they already (allegedly) discover the Americas?
@@DaydreamingSwede Portugal was really into cartography and, well, discovering things. I don't remember exactly, but I think that several maps containing brazil-shaped landmasses predating Columbus have been discovered. Also- they had a motive. Keeping it secret was a sneaky way of getting the land all to themselves.
"So, remember back in May of 1453 when the Ottomans smashed the thick walls of Constantinople, captured the city, and beheaded the Byzantine Emperor?"
* sobs * ...yes.
Sigh...
Where is Byzantium?
...right here...
InvictusByzantium 😂😂😂😂
Hahaha
"You probably don't remember May of 1943"
*look down at my shirt*
*it says, 1453: Never Forget*
John: "This $6 clock is an astonishing piece of technology"
Clock: **doesn't work**
I realize that words cannot accurately express how much I appreciate and enjoy your videos, the clear effort and time that you put into them, but I'd like to try: Hey, you're great! Thank you so very much for all the time you put into this, I can say this history loving Yukoner just loves everything that you do! Many thanks and a thousand happinesses!
It took some adjusting to get used to this new sleep deprived John. But, now I think I love this series more than the world history one. This one seems better organised and clear..and..I really appreciate the concept of shifting perspective.
Keep it up crash course.
BTW..the 8 dollar clock..followed by patreon appeal..that was very clever..:D
Yeah why does he sound so different
@@zioneig-tassiello2602 its crash course specific. on vlog brothers hes still much more energetic. its probably to be easier to understand.
Age is getting to him
bro why does john sound so sad compared to crash course world history-
I think he's legitimately sick in this episode, like he sounds like he has a head cold.
Sara Mackenzie Older age...
He’s looking a lot older now, I loved the original series.
I know
Well, ninety percent of indigenous people dying in the Americas seems very sad to me. :(
For those interested to go further into this topic, I recommand reading these books :
- The Great Divide, History and human nature in the old world and the new, Peter Watson. It's about how the discovery of Columbus changed everyhting from how we think to what makes us human, the billions new things ecountered in the new world, etc.
- First encounters, Epic tru stories of cultural collision and conquest, Joeph Cummins. An entertaining book about different cultural shock encountered by navigators/explorators, detailing several major events I never heard of.
- Ecological Imperialism, The biological expansion of Europe 900-1900, Alfred W. Cosby. How european explorations and expansionism shaped today's nature, and how european biological advantages helped in their conquest (diseases, food, agriculture, medicine etc)
Oh hey someone recommending books. A rarity to be sure.
8:49 By crossing the pacific? That mistake is extra funny when you also add a picture that clearly labels it as not-the-pacific.
John Green is like a video game character rebooted to be grittier and darker for the modern age.
Hey John....big fan of your videos....this one is excellent for my grade eight social class. Thank you for slowing down your videos a bit...makes them much easier for the kids to follow. Keep up the great work!!
One thing that still puts a smile on my face after a long day of work at the end of a long week of work is a new episode of Crash Course: European History.
You kind of understated how the Portuguese maritime trade route to India overpassed the Ottoman-Italian control of the Asian land routes.
Yes I still remember this, ottomans taxed very heavily and too much raiders around there made a huge loss, and on land took so long to cross, You’d dock at nowadays Lebanon or Palestine, make your way through Lebanon Syria Iraq Iran India, to the lower end of India (most of that path was desert and lots of bandits) so a sea route that took more than 150 days was so much better
Bro, he is in the business of presenting history from a neo liberal left wing perspective, not about interesting facts so much.
Something I always wonder about is how did two nations of completely different culture and language were able to communicate especially early on. It is small detail but still is it as easy as it seems like here between the Mayans and Europeans.
12:17 but how does she understand Spanish!
@@Khofax i think there were 2 translators, one spanish sailor who was living in mayan lands from previous voyages, so he could speak mayan and spanish, and malinche was a slave who could speak mayan and nahuatl (aztec language), sooo, she translated from nahuatl to mayan and the sailor who lived with the mayans translated from mayan to spanish... Sorry i can't give you the name of that spanish sailor but that's what i remember from elementary (i'm mexican)
Actually I like this speed. I don't have to replay to catch everything.
Not many people talk about the relevance Portugal has in the world today. But without the Portuguese, the world would be very different.
I really appreciate that you always point out the exploitation of vulnerable peoples.
I have a test tomorrow :(😭
A little fun fact, though there are many decendents of Moctezuma, the Duke of Moctezuma is the royal heir to the title. The current holder lives in Spain and has a little palace for the title holder.
We need Mongol History!
it's just world history but in Australian
loomhigh not even close mate
loomhigh Mongols aren’t Australian?
Guys here me out. Mongols are the exception of everything right? And Australia is upsidedownland no? So mongol history is just world history upside down, because they are the opposite/exception.
loomhigh uhh sure kid
Steady, watch me navigate, HA-HA-Ha-Ha-Ha!
-Prince Henry the Navigator
This brings me joy
the only navigation he ever did was to north africa to conquer small territories
Scoob The Boob good taste
feels good
Yay
Thank you CrashCourse for this wonderful episode. I always enjoy the history behind European exploration into the New World and how Portugal and Spain became to be. Though it's not always so glorified as we study it, there are some missed up events that happen during this era. But none the less, thanks for sharing.
Waited a week for another episode! Thanks Mr. Green!
How can one forget 1453... I cri evrytim
Cmon its because of the ottomans that Constantinople revived into a Golden age and the biggest city in europe for 300 years
also the orthodox church named the ottomans as the new roman empire. they kept many of the byzantine empire's traditions
Almost had it back via the Treaty of Sevres. It wasnt meant to be.
The ottoman empire turned Constantinople from the least horrible city in Europe into the golden city of Europe so what are you crying about
Look at all the people that don't understand. It's not the same, even if the Ottomans LARPed as the Roman empire. One of Europe's great civilisations vanished, you must understand that some people dislike that.
I'm aware that the fall of Granada evokes the same feeling in some muslims, so just compare it to that.
It's nothing anyone who knows humanity or follows history isn't aware of but it's so damn sad that upon meeting new people the thought isn't how both groups of people can mutually benefit but quickly becomes how one side can thoroughly dominate the other side to the benefit of the dominator. Even today in our more "civilized" world, no matter the conflict be it war or trade one side always has to feel like they're "winning" over the other.
And it's why we're so fascinated and worried about alien life. If we encounter a more advanced society we can only envision them behaving the same way we would at the discovery of a more primitive peoples.
Even WITH the fantastic video, loading this series to a podcast would be terrific. Please consider, Crash Course!?
This
Yes crash course needs a podcast
You dont seem as enthusiastic in this CC history as you did in the past but it doesnt stop the smile on my face when i get a new video i love CC everything
In Portuguese the cape of storms is known as “o Cabo das tormentas” or the cape of torments which in my opinion sounds about 400% cooler
I never took AP Euro but I took a humanities class that I loved! I look forward to seeing the historical backdrop that gave context to many of the works I enjoyed learning about
I loved CC world history, and I'm glad you guys are back at it!
shut up boomer
12:18 Just a correction: Malinche whose original name is Malintzin (that comes from Nahuatl language) got the spanish name of Marina and not María, Doña means Lady, therefore Doña Marina can be translated to Lady Marina.
One of the first history videos to actually do justice to the Portuguese empire both the awesome and the awful, keep up the good work!
Thank you for talking fairly on my country's history. Great video as always 🇵🇹🇵🇹🇵🇹
13:15 The Treaty of Tordesillas was the main reason for the Spanish to find another way to Asia.
7:28 Magellan found this way around South-America, so the Spanish didn't need to travel along the African coast, which was controlled by the Portugese.
Good luck to everyone taking the AP European History tomorrow!
If I had a dime for every time he said perspective, the Portuguese would have been inspired by ME.
13:20 hey! You mentioned Cape Verde! That's where I was born :)
All hail Cabo Verde. Beatiful place.
Learning more and more thanks to these videos. Thanks for this, John
Hey John, you guys are doing a great job. If you can could please run a segment on African history ? but in the perspective of Africans, that would really interesting to see.
I'm glad this episode of Crash Course European History is a Crash Course on all continents during the Age of Exploration
13:24 A good time to mention that the Pope, Borgia, was Spanish. (Yes, I know he was Aragonese.)
@Cheese Head Portugal
oh nononono
hahahahaha
Time Mark 8:48 quote "...by crossing the Pacific..." while graphic shows them crossing the Indian Ocean.
You forgot that 14th century King Dinis of Portugal founded the first Portuguese navy to combat European, and notably Moroccan pirates. The actions against the Moroccans were escalated in the 15th century into conquering and founding port cities, and thus the Portuguese and later European empires.
this video was informative
I am so sad my AP Euro class will not get to see more of these wonderful review videos before the exam - I wish you guys had started sooner :(
I like the Sources in description please do it more
*Ah, those damn Portuguese people with their exploration and colonization...*
Great video guys!
There goes the Spanish as well in South America.
Oh someone that actually spells Portuguese right, not like a certain company content producer
@Ric Boni the English colonization happened later right? Maybe that part is in another video?
@Ric Boni So you are upset that things are left out? It's crash course. These videos are not meant to be all encompassing.
@Ric Boni Sorry I misunderstood. A lot of history is not well documented in video, and I'll gladly admit that education in America leaves a lot to be desired. I don't know a lot about the Jesuits except that I've heard of them, but I'm interested in learning. Do you think there is a reason American videos leave this information out?
I have watched this channel so many times and when my history teacher told us to click on this link I was so happy cause it's this guy
5:40 It was more complex than that: The empire's elite really thought it was a fight for the natives' souls. But the soldiers were more practical and really cared for that sweet sweet gold.
9:00 The empire was smaller, it extended roughly to today's Mexican border with Guatemala. They had trade connections that extended to Honduras and Nicaragua, tho.
It's also funny how the English name of Moteuczoma is still the old transliteration.
Some Dragon to Slay Motecuhzoma in Classical Nahuatl, Moctezuma in Spanish, and Montezuma in English, anyway there was a corruption of the name in any language.
“Truth resists simplicity”… so good
"Who do you call?"
Ghostbusters is always the correct answer.
I just love the way you describe horrible plagues.
The use of the flag of Aragon for Spanish ships is very wrong, as until the 18th century the colonial empire was technically only from Castille.
Yeah I was very confuse with the flag of Aragon in an exploration and colonization video. Aragon was focused on the mediterranean control.
Spot on. Not many people would realize that. Also correct about the attribution. The transatlantic empire was Castilian, the mediterranean one was Aragonese. Probably a touch of political correctness from John in order not to upset the Spaniards who still seem to think their country was born with the Visigoths.
@@ruiworthington1034 there is too much political correctness in this video. There are also some important mistakes here and there.
@@ruiworthington1034 well, as a Spaniard I was pretty disappoint with that use of flag, if anything they could put the Catholic King's coat of arms or even the Burgundian cross. Neither I was surprise of John mentioning slavery of the natives by Spaniards when that actually was illegal by royal decree. Yep good old black leyend
@@leonzoful Just because that position was enforced by royal decree it doesn't mean it wasn't broken or even extensively perpetrated. Are you referring to the laws of Burgos? What is your position in terms of the establishment of the Encomienda in the New World?
Do you agree with his position that the Portuguese and the Spaniards contributed in last scale to the decimation of native populations through the spread of diseases?
Thanks for these videos! Idk why but when i'm really sad i just watch these types of videos - they help me take my mind off of things .:)
8:55 It's a shame you didn't mention the American-Asian sea trade, though I guess this is European History. But yeah, the trade between Mexico and the Philippines via the Spanish colonies there was very important and led to a lot of exchange between those two areas.
@Somali Kid Right but that is a little later in History, he's still going through the 14-1500s guys.
Chill a bit.
Great video like always! 😃
I love this series and learn so much from it. Your emphasis on an objectively accurate description of history is admirable. As such, to say that "Africa was rich in slaves", while perhaps technically true at the time from a European perspective, is glaringly tone-deaf from the more enlightened perspective that we enjoy today.
Watching becoz my teacher use this as additional supplement for our quiz.
Watching from Phil.😊
the fact that they are doing 2 episodes on europeans "age of exploration" is making this series look good after all. i mean they skipped everything before 1300 ce.....hope they do episodes on 30 years war, napoleon, louis XIV and eastern europe under ottoman control.
They skipped that stuff because they match their videos to US Advanced Placement (AP) curriculum. AP European History is entirely focused on *modern* Europe, which as a historical category starts roughly around 1400. If you're familiar with the divisions in academic history you know modern European history is pretty much always treated as its own deal compared to medieval or antiquity history.
And yes, don't worry, what we lose in breadth we gain in depth. As you can tell, this course will have way more detail than the World History series.
I think this is geared towards the already existing AP European History class. So if something isn't covered, or is especially covered, I assume it's because the class does as well.
Viridian Agreed 💯💯💯
I have my IB HL world history exam tomorrow. So thank you if you ever feel unappreciated just know I’m here lol.
9:32 There are mistakes here, first off, Cortés didn't land in Mayan lands, he landed in what became Veracruz, Mayan lands were further south. Also Moctezuma ruled over the Aztec empire which was not so vast (maybe around the size of Spain), his territory was contained to what is now central Mexico. You seem to have conflated the Aztecs and the Mayans together. The Mayan areas weren't unified in an empire at this stage and started in modern southern Mexico and stretched into central America (the 'to Honduras' you mention).
Mick Mickymick considering the Aztecs have no draft animals for logistic support, the Aztec Empire was indeed vast considering the reliance on human labour.
Yes, Cortés landed first on Maya land, read about it, he first landed on Mexican Caribbean and went further to west, in The mayan realm of Tabascoob (today Tabasco) he defeated such a Casicazgo in the battle of Centla and that’s how conquest started
Bro you’re coming in clutch this is perfect for the lesson plan I’m editing for my college class bless you John
And hank too haha
Conquering other regions, murdering their people and sacking their cities is common throughout human history. We can see this as the most hated conquest or as the first time people realized that colonizing is disgusting. I'm glad that humans started empathising with those that spoke other languages, had different skin colors or worshiped other gods. Hope we reach that goal someday.
@Alejandro Solano a lot of people didn’t participate in such things.
@victoneter So you’re saying you will murder someone if you could?
@victoneter I’m asking you the person. Answer the question.
@@godofthisshit Your question has nothing to do with what (s)he said, (s)he's talking about NATIONS, which yes, if in power to do so, will crush smaller nations
@@miguelpadeiro762 Most of the Caribbean hasn't tried to crush each other, same for other modern countries. As for ancient nations, you can tell from "warring" methods, where the objectives wasn't to kill.
Nice and well constructed video. Thanks
The references to Stan are back!
More energy Tom ! Idk the world history episodes were better but still love everything u do keep it up
Istanbul was Constantinople and now it ‘a still Constantinople because it’s the 1500’s and the name wasn’t changed until the 20th century.
Istanbul, not Constantinople, now it's Istanbul, not Constantinople, been a long time gone since Constantinople, have a Turkish delight on a moonlit night.
@@Udontkno7 we will change that back to Constantinople after 2050 when we take back our city
@@sirlordhenrymortimer6620 No, no. No. I'm good. No thanks. We don't need it back.
@@Udontkno7 no one is talking about you. You're not that important , and I am talking about Europe
@@sirlordhenrymortimer6620 Your city?
Love this video ❤❤❤❤
8:50 'by crossing the Pacific' - shows a map with the classical route through the Indian Ocean...
South China Sea is technically part of the Pacific
@@jonathanjeffrymulyana4390 So you are saying the map shows a route 'crossing the Pacific'? Give me a break.
you guys are the best - thanks so much for your work! i will become a patreon :)
John seems kind of bummed out - hope everything is OK with you buddy!
Prince henry, Bartolomeu Dias, Vasco de Gama, Cristopher Colombus (discovery of america), Ferdinand Magellan
2:40 Yes the portuguese tried slave traids to start with but that didn't last long, for 99.9% of the slave trade from west africa local rulers did the capturing the Europeans simply created the demand.
They made the demand through cannonfire, instead of attacking slaves they went for the slave traders.
@@dargondude2375 Actually the locals kicked their asses. The only way they made the demand with guns is by trading the guns for slaves.
Amazing video
The exam is tomorrow and this is the last video. I'm ready to get that thicc 2 👌🏼
SAMEEEE
thanks for making this video, I have a test on this tomorrow
lol
I used to love CC but im kinda shocked by how unbalanced this was. Like John said "the truth resists simplicity". The truth was the Spanish only enslaved the natives in the very beginning but soon after laws were passed in Spain to treat the natives as subjects of the Crown . The encomienda system only lasted one generation and the "mita" system of "free" labour was copied from the system the incas had in place. Furthermore that is why so many african slaves were imported. I would have been balanced to add that the Europeans didnt go around africa kidnapping people but acquired their slaves by purchasing them from other Africans, usually prisoners of war from from local african wars. In fact many african cultures came to depend on the slave trade.
Also, would have been balanced to mention how the Iberians intermarried with locals which led to the rich "mestisaje" culture of latinamerica (something that didnt occur with the other colonial nations that segregated and killed the natives) AND that the Iberians would also build universities, theatres, art schools - and i dont see how those were purely built to _extract_ the wealth of the colonies. For the most part the colonies were treated as extensions of the metropolis, not unlike the canary islands for example. And thats another thing that didnt happen with the other colonial nations. I dont know why here they treated Spain and Portugal as having has the same MO as England and the Low countries.
Finally, Spain wasn't a poor kingdom when compared to most other european kingdoms at the time, reconquering the south (which was very wealthy at the time) gave them money, in fact the conquest of Granada gave them enough money to finance Columbus' expedition which by all accounts was supposed to be a failure, the Monarchs even knew this - as any educated person at the time would have known columbus was miscalculating the size of the planet, which he was, but the monarchs had the cash and were like whatever lets finance it and see what happens. (Columbus must be the luckiest person who has ever lived - a cruel, despotic, power hungry, psychotic idiot that now has the fame of being smart and celebrated - you could have mentioned how badly he managed the situation when he "discovered" and settled the dominican republic or how the Portuguese king wouldnt finance him as he knew his calculations were wrong - he thought the world was much smaller than it actually is, he just got lucky that he found land... and he died thinking he reached Japan or India)
On the other hand, while laws like the Leyes Nuevas were passed, the settlers in the New World mostly didn't follow them, they were rarely enforced, sparked rebellions e.g. in Peru, and were essentially watered down enough that their effect was rather limited. The practical enslavement of Indios - was not abolished, and the heir of the encomiendas became the haciendas where the the Indios were not called slaves any more but worked under similar conditions.
The most important reason for replacing Indio labour with African slaves, though, was not how well the Indios were treated ;D but that much of the Indio population had been eradicated (often not intentionally) and there was a shortage of labour.
He was a good navigator tho, that you can't disagree
I love your videos!❤
AP exam cram squad where you at?
literally just started and im not even doing this well haha
@@alexandersteltz8313 starting now lol but im a senior so whatever
Lauren S AP? I’m learning this for 8th grade...
Lauren S I’m in grade 7
7th grade
Great job, as usual! Congrats :)
I feel like you understated how absurdly rich Mansa Musa was
He's so rich that any testament to his wealth is an understatement
hsiF A He was literally the richest person in the world.
John had already done a video on him however in his world history series, this was more of a reminder
Samuel Appiah I know, I watched world history, and I understand that this is focused on Europe, but most descriptions would be an understatement.
hsiF A fair enough then
The Portuguese hoped to form a strategy known as "Mare clausum" which as you all know today did not work out so well for the Portuguese. They wanted to control the South Atlantic as it was the only way to get into the Indian Ocean. Later the English and the French would contest that and create the rule that is now used to regulate the seas, "Mare Liberum".
We don't know if the Byzantine Emperor was beheaded or not, Constantine XI likely died a common soldier who was never identified.
His last recorded words were, "the city is fallen and I am still alive" after which he led the final action of the Roman Army ever
wow excellent works & greatest informative you tube channel !! thank you for your free informative knowledge
how to pass your SS final
step 1: watch every crash course video
step 2: repeat step 1
Have you read Dava Sorbel's "Longitude" - it's brilliant.
Is there any way you guys could cite some of the art used in videos? Maybe it's just window dressing for some of the topics and people you introduce, but I'd love to be able to check them out.
All these videos have been very prejudiced against Southern Europeans. Not to mention it doesn't even mention Eastern Europe aside from the fall of Constantinople. You did not even mention the end of the Reconquista as a factor that instigated further exploration and conquest. It's funny how whenever you mention "Iberians" and Southern European countries it is to say how they are poor and lacking, and what terrible things they did, but when what they accomplish is seen as good you claim it as "European". And it seems you're not even aware of that. You did a great job shifting perspectives and showing what it was like for the natives, but you should also acknowledge that you perspective is not really European, but US-Anglo-Saxon.
Yeah,he really sounds biased.
LandgraabIV 1) Eastern Europeans did not play any part in the “Exploration “ of the Americas so it makes no sense to add them in the video
2) He did touch on the “reconquista” at 5:23 just not in those exact words
If you spent more time listening rather than being butthurt you would’ve noticed 😊
So far I only watched this and the second episode, but this shows is amazing!!!!
So what’s interesting in it, is that it shows the origins of many modern ideas, and some of those it also proves to be entirely incorrect, giving us new ways to think about the past.
really good video
Portugal in that period was poor it is a traditional view. Braudel emphasizes that Portugal was not such a poor region in the late 15th century as has been depicted, nor completely was cut- off from the rest of Europe. Her economy was neither primitive no elementary.
1) The Mediterranean type of climate enabled her to produce variety of products like olil, cork, fruit, wax and honey, corn from outside.
2) The external trade helped in the development of navigational activities an promoted shipping interests.
Prior to the age of exploration, did the Portuguese have a seafaring tradition or war that started by Henry the Navigator and his school?
They had a tradition of trading with the north sea (England Frandres and stuff) and had a feitoria in Antwerp, also they were really in to fishing too
4:57 No colonies babe, viceroyalties.
Mr. Green! Mr. Green! Are you OK?
Shut up me from the past, I'm just a dad now and I have a lot of responsibilities.
Most likely. He does look more daddy-ish! I miss his faster self. Learnt so much through his CCH videos. TQ very much, JG!
Not mentioned: The Battle of Lepanto, the most important naval battle of the Middle Ages, that saved Europe from total Ottoman conquest and gave them time to develop their sea powers. Also not mentioned: Human sacrifice practiced by the natives Cotes battled against.
9:20 it's not Montezuma, it's Moctezuma
These descriptions of the Early Spanish and Portuguese exploration deeply leave out so many details - Likely because John is operating from a US history curriculum which demonizes and leaves out important details in Hispanic history.
The Black Legend is still very prevalent in American History courses and I wish John took the time to update his curriculum with the fact that it has been discredited in mind
This is cool