The Fast and Furious Rise of Korean Semiconductors
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- Опубліковано 28 вер 2024
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This channel seems to show that all best ideas come from west .disappointed
@@DirkPeterson-uh6uu Well - i think and hope that this channel tries to show the facts. It showed Toshiba trying to popularize semi in europe, maybe it failed but it left much of experience
❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤😊❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤😊❤❤😊❤❤❤
LG Life is GOOD ! :-)
Samsung’s foray into the digital camera market would make an interesting story. They dumped *piles* of money into it, developed the then most-advanced camera image processor on the planet and introduced a camera with autofocus and auto-triggering capabilities far beyond the competition (the NX-1). Then they just pulled the plug.
The scale of their efforts was amazing. They somehow paid enough money to hire away the principal architect of Canon’s DIGIC processor line, and hired scores of other Japanese camera engineers; they had entire floors of Japanese engineers in the R&D center with accompanying squads of technical interpreters to facilitate communications between the Japanese and Korean engineers. They were set to be serious competition for Canon, Nikon and Sony, but when sales failed to grow as rapidly as they expected, combined with a general downturn in the industry, they pulled the plug practically overnight. I’d love to know more of what went on behind the scenes, but it might be difficult to discover. (OTOH, I do know a guy who could tell the full story if you could convince him to do so :-)
It is sad the Samsung NX1 never took off and became popular 😞
Was a very advanced camera for its time! Even by 2023 standards the Samsung NX1 is a damn fine camera
And started putting their image sensor in cell phones which killed most of the mass digital camera market?
@@clarkkent7973yeah I believe this is the reason why they pulled the plug. The world was sayin goodbye to the good ol’ traditional camera anyway and Samsung eventually put those cameras into their phones anyway.
@@davidcmpeterson Cameras were already suffering from cell phones, but the bigger impact at the end of the market where the NX1 played was more just that digital interchangeable lens cameras had gotten good enough that people didn’t need to upgrade every 1-2 years. There was also the issue of Samsung being a completely new platform, so there weren’t any enthusiasts who were already invested in the system: The only way they could pick up new users was by convincing people on other platforms to switch. (Or for entirely new users to decide to buy into them vs a more well-known brand.) So they faced an uphill battle.
It wasn’t so much about them just putting their sensors into their phones, they were entirely different products. That said though, they were probably positioned to earn more from their foundry capacity by fabbing phone sensors vs camera ones.
@@clarkkent7973 no cellphone camera can match what the Samsung NX1 could do
I remember in the 50s when I was a little boy. My father was a foreman at a steel company in Warren, Ohio. Many times Japanese businessmen stayed at our home as my father showed them how to make steel. Long story short, the Japanese production of cut-rate steel doomed the US steel industry. Then Korea does the same thing to Japan in high-tech and semi-conductors. And, "the beat goes on."
Hey, we still make garbage steel here. I've built several buildings out of car doors and folding chairs
Damn homeboy got schooled how to make better steel with radioactive dust infused 😂
cut-rate steel doomed the US steel industry. On the other hand, cheap steel boomed the US car industry.
Mexico can't compete with USA on corn, because USA grows corn at a loss.
Our YT comments are training the AI of future cyborgs.
@@everydaydose7779 Steel produced anywhere in the world after July 6th 1945 is slightly radioactive. The medical device industry has bid up scrap steel made prior to 1945 because the radioactivity interferes with sensitive instruments, and the non-irradiated metal is needed.
"No matter what it takes, Samsung will enter the semiconductor business, so please deliver the news to the readers of your newspaper" 😳what a quote
Thank you for an excellent review of the growth of the Korean semiconductor industry. I enjoyed this video because I was very involved in building many Hyundai semiconductor fabs in Korea. I was also involved in the Hyundai Eugene fab. I visited the Hyundai Scottish fab site several times before Hyundai shut down the project. Many of my friends were among those who were laid off by Hyundai Semiconductor.
One thing that I need to point out to you is that the location of Hyundai Semiconductor is not Incheon, but rather Icheon. Incheon is the location of the major airport which replaced Kimpo as the main Seoul airport. Incheon is located to the west of Seoul. The Hyundai Semiconductor headquarters was in Icheon which is located about 1 hour southeast of Seoul. The city names are close but not identical. Incheon is 인천 仁川 and Icheon is 이천 利川. The Koreans frequently would ask which city that I meant when I spoke of Icheon. I would clarify it as Kyoungkido Icheon which is specific for Icheon since Incheon is a specially designated "Kwanak" city.
Seorang karyawan Hyundai mengatakan anda pembawa sial 😂
I remember rows of young Korean female workers working in Fairchild semiconductor packaging factory in southern port city of Masan, South Korea (free trade zone) in '70s. When Samsung plunged into semicon business in early '80, everyone were very skeptical, including Korean gov't and industry. Now nearly 40 years have passed and I recently visited Pyuntaek, where Samsung is doing their business. I see sea of semiconductor factories endless to horizon, where once was endless rice paddy field. It was perfect example of turning mulberry tree forest into blue sea (Korean proverb, 桑田碧海). Korean and Samsung archived the impossible.
It's just fabrics
Why is Korean proverb in a Chinese letters?
Also turning a beautiful berry forest into blue sea seems like a step backwards. Very weird.
@@ZelenoJabko it's like having latin roots for english words
I have a vivid memory of watching the news just as the Asian financial crisis hit, and seeing people in South Korea donating their gold to banks (I guess it was the central bank). I was very young at the time, and we were largely insulated from the AFC here in Australia as our economy was more aligned with other developed economies. It was amazing to see - people giving over their own assets in a bid to help their nation. That footage has stayed with me, decades after the fact.
When you see history of Korea, you could find repetitive failure of government and fixing by civilians. When Japanese invaded Korean peninsula 400 years ago, cabinet ran away from capital while guerrilla blocked the supply line of Japanese. The same goes for Mongolian invasion 700 years ago. Civilians of Korea helped government and companies who had enjoyed the high leverage without hedging in 97 Asian financial crisis.
Someone might call this totalitarianism, other call this patriotism.
Yes I do remember that well. From overseas my Korean parents were sad they couldn’t help. I don’t think the present generation will do that. They are very self-centered and westernized. Sad
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I Invested across the top markets but not by myself though. I also follow the guidelines of Mrs Tracy Britt Cool Finance. I can correctly say she is worth her salt as an investment advisor as her diversification skills is top-notch, I say this because of the results, as my portfolio grows by averages of 20 to 30% every month, unlike I can say for my IRA which has just been trudging along. my portfolio just mirrors what she places and not just on some particular industries of my choosing.she gave me that financial freedom I needed.
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00:02 Introduction and Sponsorship
02:11 Korea's Entry into Semiconductor Industry
03:58 Government Support and Investment
05:01 Samsung's Ambitious Tokyo Declaration
06:52 Focus on Memory Chips
09:19 Technology Transfer and Equipment Import
11:45 Challenges faced by Samsung, Hyundai, and LG in the early days of their semiconductor divisions
15:11 Favorable economic developments for Korea in the mid-1980s
16:01 Samsung's success in the semiconductor market and validation of Korean manufacturers
18:03 Collaborative project and subsidies for the Big Three semiconductor companies
19:46 LG's partnership with Hitachi to compete in the memory market
21:03 Korean memory industry at its peak and the challenges of overcapacity
22:01 Vulnerability of Korean semiconductor companies due to high debt ratios
23:31 Samsung's focus on consumer items
24:23 Different situation for LG and Hyundai
25:17 Government's bailout and reforms
26:01 Big deals and challenges for LG and Hyundai
27:34 Birth of Heinix and its struggles
29:56 Efforts to revive Heinix and its sale to SK Group
32:43 EU's subsidies case and WTO's decision
33:42 Government's role in the semiconductor industry
I cant stress enough how smart these videos make me feel lol. Seriously though, you do such a fantastic job of bringing to life these stories and their, at times abstruse elements, in a way that makes even a poor math student like myself feel engaged and capable of comprehending. Thank you for making this formerly mysterious world visible in such consistently entertaining and informative way!
Me too, but don't you DARE tell anyone! LOL
@@ryanreedgibson Why is this even so embarrasing.?
@@cravinghibiscus7901 Because I don't want people to think I'm stupid. That was the joke, haha. I guess I'm dumb and unfunny. LOL.
@@ryanreedgibson Nono, why is it so embarrassing to feel smart?
@@cravinghibiscus7901Never mind. The tone and facetiousness was lost in my writing.
Yes. Japan certainly helped South Korea's semiconductor technology, but Japan get helped by U.S. technology in the 1950s and 60s, so U.S. engineers trained Japanese engineers, and that's how it started.
The claim by some Japanese that Kaoru Takeuchi was a traitor and that he built the Korean semiconductor industry is too much nationalistic thinking. Japan's semiconductor industry collapsed because the U.S. sanctioned Japan's semiconductor monopoly due to failed diplomacy with the U.S, and the second reason is the Japanese government's own mistakes. They did not restructure after the bubble burst, which led to the zombification of major tech companies.
Much respect to Samsung, Hynix, and Korea.
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LG was basically its name from Lucky-Goldstar which was changed from since 1992.
Because the founder's son name was Koo-Lak Hee.(=Lucky) :D
I have been using either SK Hynix on my previous laptop DDR3L memory, and now with my new laptop using Samsung's DDR5 RAM
Honestly It is hard to believe Japan having so much industrial capabilities (Canon, Toshiba, Hitachi, Nikon and so on) failed to overtake processor manufscturing market to TSMC.
LG = "lucky goldstar"
Really? 😮
@@abi3751 really, yes. Lucky, Inc. (럭키) + Goldstar, Inc. (금성)
@@soobinlee8832 is LG a merge of 2 companies.?
@@soobinlee8832 and what about "life's good"
@@abi3751Probably too late to reply, but to answer your question; yes, LG is a coalition of two companies. LG has been run by two families Goo and Her. Recently, decades ago though, they separated without any trouble and "Her" side of the family is running a conglomerate named "GS".
Ug. The ads! I pay for UA-cam red, and this channel used to be one of my favorite because it didn't slather an ad into the content itself.
India : Take notes seriously but losing talents and expertise at a alarming rate at the meantime.
Yeah, but here we have almost all chip designing companies but not a single manufacturing company, but micron have aannounced they will setup a plant here and a domestic company called vedanta is planning to invest over 20b to make chips in house.
india should focus on labour-intensive manufacturing. semis come later.
@@abi3751 Dude, semiconductor is the epitome of precision manufacturing industry. If India cannot make good cars, phones or refrigerators, how the hell would they make hundred billions of transistors to work on a few inch chips? It's a business where a single dust particle in the chip production line leads to failure. And it is way more complicated and competitive than any other manufacturing industries. Once India gets on top with other industries like car or ship building, that's when India should 'begin' with the semiconductor.
@@kswltd first of all who told India doesn't make automobiles ? , Mahindra is the world's largest tractor producer and Tata is world's second largest producer of trucks, they produce other vehicles too, .and Your concept about countries which cannot produce cars cannot produce chips are nonsense, Taiwan is the largest manufacter of chips they don't have any global automobile company, and India is the second largest producer of smartphones after china.and india has almost all chip designers here like intel, nvidea samsung, arm, and more and more also India has equipment makers like applied material and lam research, so it's your misconsumption
@@abi3751 I never said India doesn't make cars. I said they don't make 'good' cars. Look it up again. Do you know that even countries like Vietnam make cars? Even African countries can make phones and cars if you assemble the components bought from other countries. India's Tata and Mahindra can 'assemble' cars, if that's what you mean.
Great vid as always. We need an intro to superconductors now with all the craziness with LK-99 going on.
Probably hot air.
'Ey I have a Daewoo microwave that I bought mega cheap in a supermarket a few years ago, that hasn't failed me yet :D Go Daewoo!
Can you please investigate and release as to how Cray's failure to deliver Cray 3 could lead to ban of GaAs researches in Japan?
The fast and furious rise of Korean Room Temperature Superconductor (LK99)
DRAM was affordable for majority. That is the major reason why it was largely adopted by the computer industry. I wonder why/how Toshiba failed in terms of relation to the other factors (politics etc).
You are making excellent videos. I lived in Korea at several times. My first work in Korea was at Hyundai Semiconduction in Icheon 이천시 利川市. You had it written as "Incheon." where the new airport is located. Many people make this mistake.
I worked on the construction of Hyundai fabs E1, E2, E3 and R2 in Icheon. I was in the process of starting a business in Korea when the Asian economic crisis arrived. Perfect timing!
Several years later, I worked in Asan 아산시 牙山市. My company car was a Samsung SM5. It was a good car based on the Nissan Altima.
Keep up the great work!
Love your channel. Thank you.
To think that Fred Terman was also involved in guiding the building of technical human capital base in S.K is just wild. That man was a gem.
Hynix experienced survival thriller
*describes the process of making a burger*
Me: that don't sound like McDonald's at all!
What are you recording audio with? Running a high pass filter would be fantastic.
I hear a lot about lost billions. Ouch
Great vid!
Ah brings back memories, Playstation HQ Akasakamitsuke rolled out the red carpet for Samsung flash memory while woe is me waited in line with clock, sram and psoc.
Stack beef patties == stacked memory chips.
S in Samsung stands for Semiconductor but now Superconductor.
Sam stands for 3 and sung does star in Korean.
Samsung stands for three stars.
The chaebol named his companies as either Samsung or Cheil.
Cheil stands for the first in Korean.
holy moly that was a wild ride.
the 'economy' (freakonomy) of Magic Debt really is a subversive thing. Free money, free power.
So it took 11 minutes before you mentioned that one word. Even though there were two opportunities to do it before that. I feel like it was a strategic decision to delay mentioning it. :D
You should do a video on Chebols about how and why they started and how they are still able to keep going in the modern world today.
they did do a video on South Korean chebols iirc. (How the rich ate South Korea)
@@Bomkz oooh thanks! I didn’t realize. Man I love Asianometry. He is so soooo good. ❤️
@@KomradZX1989 no problem!
He could just say "chaebol" over and over again like in this video. To be fair it's one syllable less than "Zaibatsu"
Your channel is awesome!
I was the process integration engineer for Hyundai America in Eugene. It was poorly managed, they hired all american engineers but wouldn’t let us in on the real engineering meetings, instead treating us like technicians. Within 24 months most all of us has quit. Yields were bad, which is a death knell for semiconductors, and without us things got worse, the locals soaked Hyundai with outrageous fees... it was a crater of expenses. Clearly this was a company that treated semiconductors like the ship building company it had been... heavy top management who knew little of what it took to be successful in the industry, keep middle management in the dark, and bureaucracy and pride thus preventing the nimbleness needed to fix defects quickly. For a full year they refused to fix an obvious contact conformity issue that was killing Yields because it required a process deviation from what they did in Korea. So disappointing to see that Hyundai plant mothballed still 25 years later.
i love everything you talk about man keep up the awesome videos
I think he just likes saying the word "chaebol"
Great piece, but I kinda wished the ending was a bit longer.
Korea used to be the poorest country in the world, but has now become a developed country. There are world-class cutting-edge companies, world-class military companies, and world-class shipping companies. And soft power is also getting stronger.
The land is small, the population is small, and there are no resources. It is surrounded by powerful countries such as China, Russia, and Japan. It is a miracle country that grew rapidly under the protection of the United States.
Too fast growth gave birth to too many bad things.
A representative example is the birth rate, which is the worst in the world.
Ultimately, this will destroy the economy and increase taxes.
Unless south korea unify with North Korea, have no choice but to accept immigrants.
It will be interesting to see whether Korea, a single ethnic group, will become a multi-ethnic country like the United States or Europe.
@Asianometry I am always delighted by the thoroughness of your research, I enjoy your productions quite a lot. However, I have a small note: You used "megabits" throughout this video when you should have used "megabytes". In short, one megabit represents one million bits, whereas one megabyte represents EIGHT million bits, so they are quite different. Furthermore, megabits is used in data transmission (such as in video streaming), and megabytes is used in data storage (such as in computer memory). Cheers.
Irony that Micron kicked off its biggest competitor - Samsung.
Soon: "the fast and furious rise of Korean SUPERconductors"
Very interesting chunky video explaining a lot of the current situation. I suppose the video will be valuable for many years to come, as most of the described events cover large timespans and won't likely change abruptly.
This.
Was this your first non-asianometry sponsor?! Congrats on attracting outside money. I am sure it is not enough, but hopefully it helps to justify all the hard work over time.
Really like the pictures of people and places you provide. Plus you hit topics that interest me.
Thanks!
I still remember that hynix class action lawsuit here in the US. If I remember it was against all of the Korean manufacturers. I still remember my big 14 dollar check from it! 🤣
When you have kind uncle called Sam, who is willing to transfer technology and offer unlimited markets, you can rise very fast indeed. That's the story of South Korea. But if you piss off that uncle, then you fall. That will be the story of China this decade.
Korean companies willing to pay triple US salaries to poach talent and invest billions into fabrication infrastructure, is not at all a story of Uncle Sam giving tech away.
China steals tech, South korea like every other country has to pay for technology. One is illegal and the other legal.
Are you so dumb to think that the so-called uncle Sam actually transferred semiconductor tech to South Korea? The unlimited markets was not only open for Korea but also for other countries. The major difference was that other countries could not manage to deliver good semiconductors at a reasonable price, but South Korea did and created the chance. Are you are trying to say the American buyers were forced to buy Korean semiconductors? How could Korean chipmakers, especially Samsung, constantly make the highest quality memory chips even better than the ones made by Intel for such a long period of time? You don't realize you are spitting on your own face, do you? Nobody in the right mind believes the US would have transferred the technology to any country in the world without any cost. People that study history know what the US has done to South American countries. Wake up, buddy.
Yup
such a big fan of your content. please keep it up!
Love the comment "scientifically speaking, Hynix ate a turd sandwich all the way down" 😄
better than being a giant douche…
This was an excellent short documentary on Korean Semiconductor industry!
I have only 2 negatives to mention.
1. There was some kind of annoying humming sound interference notificable about ¼ way into the clip?
2. I would love to know the more modern story of Korean Semiconductor industry post 2005? I'm my opinion this is just where things started explode (figuratively speaking) for Korea in the semiconductor space? As in.....you cut to finish just as you reached the most exciting part of the story?
Hopefully you'll be able to give us the post 2005 to current day success of Korean tech and expand upon what we now see as booming success for Samsung and delve more deeply into mobile phone production industries in Korea and also their complex partnerships with American tech companies like Microsoft as well as the battles between Samsung and Apple with Japanese SHARP getting squished like meat in the sandwiches?
Thanks again for your very informative and high quality video production, as always
I'll answer no.2 instead. There was massive massacre of memory chip companies in 00s and early 10s. For "beat Samsung" Taiwanese and Japanese memory chip makers started chicken game, selling their products as low as possible to squeeze the competitors.
Samsung didn't bleed a single blood as they had the leading edge of manufacturing capacity.
Hynix barely survived with massive bleeding sacrificing their stock owners.
Micron also survived sacrificing their workers using massive "lay-off".
Angela Merkel thought memory chip business was not profitable and let Quimonda(memory branch of Infeneon) go bankruptcy.
Taiwanese companies go bankruptcy as lack of cash and technology.
Elpida, memory chipmaker from Japanese version of "big deal", couldn't survive because of Japanese old school bureaucracy.
@@danielp2399 Cheers for the info 👍
Why DRAM in one syllable but SRAM in two?
Your videos cover news & history very interesting! ;))
Thanks Asianometry
Do not see the point of tecnology transfers in any industry.
Money
The main reason might be that US was busy fighting a chip war with Japan, and ignored Korea chip industry rise.
I still cant believe a deer is schooling me about asia
"But Vitelic's design sucked!" my favorite line.
Absolutely love this channel. Thanks so much for the consistent awesome content.
Thanks
Superconducting cpus next
Selling off Hydis was very bad decision
turd sandwich is definitely a cutting-edge scientific terminilogy
Samsung went into the memory market, quite successfully. But most of its products were sold to China. China is now able to make memory chips. It recently banned Micron from selling memory chip to China. Samsung has a huge inventory of unsold memory chips, and its memory business suffered its first loss in many years. All as a result of chip war between the US and China.
Actually, China is behind in semiconductor race thanks to Uncle Sam blocked all the machinery
Where is the market?? Once upon of time countries sought US market but no longer. Americans may have(?) consumers the products are made in China. Why would China buy Korean chips if they can make their own?
The invention of bad kids, I'll hit you boy, in the 70's, all cute babes', then _Bad Kids_ are invented.
Please do a video on lk99?
Nice how you slipped into an ad, back out to the story, back in, wrapped it up and back out again neatly.
Fasenating details. Military IRAD was shocked, we had to use Japanese DRAM, while Micron bumbled along. NOR flash was the great innovation for military electronics. Funny how FLASH programming is not actually deterministic, Metastable on done bit. Keep on trying. Every generation gets to learn that the metastable state must be considered. Intel walked away from the i960MX, thank god.
Do you plan to cover OTHER parts of ASIA, like Armenia, Cyprus, Maldives, Kyrgyzstan, and Timor-Leste?
lol
Cyprus? Geographically West Asia (just), but geopolitically, economically and culturally European. Part of the EU, for one thing.
The channel description says, "video essays on business, economics, and history. Sometimes about Asia, but not always". So, I look forward to learning about the semiconductor industry in Burkina Faso.
Has anything ever actually happened in those parts of Asia?
@@JohnnieWalkerGreen with a comment like that I was wondering if Burkina Faso by some freak turn of events had semiconductor manufacturing. (No it doesn't.)
Hey man, I think many of us would love an update on SMIC, SMEE, YMTC and the Chinese industry as a whole. Lots of rumours around.
I'm from PH 🇵🇭 in the early 2000s we exported more semiconductors and components than South Korea 🇰🇷 we were like the 4th biggest tech seller. It's still our biggest forex earner but we've since dropped behind Malaysia
Interesting, I hadn’t realized that PH was big in semiconductors. Thanks for the note!
@DaveEtchells I only realized that also very recently watching those graph vids here. I've always known electronics were our biggest exports but I thought they were only parts, etc., our GDP in 2000 was a mere $80 billion smaller than Bill Gates' fortune at that time but only USA 🇺🇸 Japan 🇯🇵 and Taiwan exported more semiconductors than us. In early 90s we had a rotating blackouts for a year yet we exported more tech products than Canada 🇨🇦 or Switzerland. 20 years ago it is said 60% of the DSP chips used in those Nokia and Ericsson phones came from Texas Instruments factories in ph. Texas and Toshiba each still export about $2 billion each from ph. I only know this reading an article about the gov't giving awards for companies that breach the 2 billion mark. this is from country not known for engineering (not bad for a banana republic, eh?).
fun fact I do not know of a single electronics engineer in person. I know a lot of civil engineers and their salaries start at $300 a month. I know of one person who wanted to become one but their family cant afford the course in college so they became a teacher instead. Sad really. We could achieve more if we had more non civil engineers.
PH doesn't have fabs that design their own chips... The ones produced in PH are just factories
@@alice_agogo Wow, that’s *amazing*! All the best online-support call centers are in the Philippines (good English, polite, intelligent and pleasant,me with a good work ethic), and I had the sense that some components were made there, but I had no idea of the magnitude 😮
@@gallasebiyo4427 it's still an important industry earning more than bpo and ofw remittances combined. Our semiconductor industry is still 2 times bigger than Thailand's automotive industry. For a country full of not very smart people it's impressive that we can make those at all.
No current situation info
LG = Lucky Goldstar 😊
Gonna be honest, the ad lasted way too long. Should have been at the end of the video
23:06 (Far left) when i dont have to work on moday because of a massive financial collapse. (I might starve)
its Icheon not Incheon for Hyundai&Hynix two different cities
Interesting that BOE came to be as a result of this
What's a chaebol?
Was I missing something? Never heard that in any of your videos :)
Giants born from rapid industrialization in Korea. Using the United States as an example, it's similar to the story of Carnegie, Rockefeller, Morgan, and Ford, the giants that arose during the rapid industrialization of the United States in the 19th century. Every developed country has a similar story.
Exzellente Beschreibung
*Wow!*
S-ram: correct. Dram: incorrect. Why?
Think of it as an in-joke.
Γεια σου Ασιανομετρη! ;))
Interesting history of Samsung & the social, political, economic & national interests that drove the Korean Technological Economic Miracle //
You forgot to add SK Group took control over Hynix.
He didn't
This is who Logan Paul’s friend is, KSI! Korean Semiconductor Industry!
Patrick Bateman been real quiet ever since Sasaki threw down that business card
21:48 the three individuals in the foreground appear to be women. The two individuals in the background appear to be men. Progress!
Progress towards what exactly? Taking women away from their children so the state can raise them instead?
This is basically a documentary. This is incredible information
I just like how the first part of the title is called The Fast and the Furious, idk if it's an intentional pun.
nice
🎉
I mean, nowadays nobody can do anything without importing ASML lithography machines anyway.
Rip Kobe and Gigi 💜💛
🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏
These guys produce UT content in same way the tec giants make chips. All good quality stuff but surely the work of a sizeable & determined team rather than a star individual ?