I really enjoyed watching the glasswork, I had some glassblowing lessons a couple of years ago and you make it look so much easier. Also you didn't burn your fingers or injure yourself on glass shards. Great job.
its weird all the science kinda guys on youtube watch each other its always fun seeing some of my favorite youtubers interacting with each other i say that like your not people
Yeah lol, about sums mercury up. I've got a little tiny plastic bottle that's an inch and a half in diameter (inside diameter) with 4 inches of Mercury in it, but there's almost four pounds of it lol. It's deceptively heavy, it kinda surprises me every time I pick it up.
Thanks so much for the shoutout! I had never heard of a Sprengel pump -- very interesting -- and very insightful comparison to an aspirator pump. Your video output and motivation is incredible, man! Your discovery of the electrostatic charge pumping must have been exciting -- similar to a Kelvin water dropper.
Serachja just dont drink it, or rub it into an open wound, or work with it in a small closed space with no ventilation for hours on end...Cody has tons of videos explaining how mercury really is very safe with common sense.
Actually, you can drink mercury without causing much harm as it doesn't get absorbed fast enough through the intestine before it goes out the other side (high specific weight :-) ). The issue starts when you inhale the vapors. Especially in concentrations as I would expect are present in the video above. It gets to your brain and never leaves it. If you are eager to destroy probably the most complex object known to men go ahead and breath it in. I rather don't. Doesn't affect just you as there are most probably people that care about you that will suffer with you
Diamonds are very common (as are gem quality diamonds). The whole market is a type of 'scam'. People 'think' gem quality diamonds are rare. They are not, they are common. But, that illusion of rarity is maintained ..so companies can charge the silly prices they do for them (a controlled market). Pure advertising, suckers the buyers :)
Bradley Want Tang Lin Xin Shi Ma Yang, He mostly knows what he is doing. Things get a little messy sometimes and a little dangerous other times but that's all part of the fun right?
The intelligence of the people who were able to come up with this stuff really blows my mind. I was aware of geniuses from the past, but to see their inventions being put into practical use like this with seemingly basic supplies is amazing to me.
It’s amazing what having the limitations of the past forced people to consider. Don’t get me wrong, it’s amazing to have things like modern electronics, but when that’s not possible, it’s amazing how much stuff people accomplished
This is my favourite video on UA-cam. It just has everything! Vacuum, history, self made, glass working with stretching of tubes to needles with careless precision, discovering and experiencing the sound of a mercury pump which few people ever can, better efficiency than modern version, light able to physically move things, knowledgeable guy, lasers, fun, deductive reasoning, figuring things out by yourself, experience the world up close, gas permeating plastic tubing, electrostatic light flashes, realistic security considerations, a satisfying ending with success, danger and educational. It's so inspirational! So many valuable life lessons packed into twenty minutes!
I'm very glad you made this pump. It's one of the classical masterpieces of scientific laboratory inventions that's similar to a typical water aspirator but relies on the high density of mercury. One thing I have to warn you about (and I keep warning in in every video where you work with glass) - anneal your glass! Download a book on flameworking and see the details; they can make a difference between successful apparatus and an explosion/implosion. The joints you've made are extremely unstable and prone to cracking. I was very surprised this thing actually survived. You're working with glass as if it's metal. It can't be suddenly attacked by vicious sharp hot flame and then quickly left alone without storing enormous stresses inside and I'm positively certain that one day such practice will make you pay. Please be more careful. BTW, the charge separation is very common in vacuum systems. This one is similar to Kelvin water dropper. One initial difference will build up. Also, Sprengel is pronounced ['ʃprɛ. ŋəl ] as it's a German surname. G is hard and S is sh.
To be fair, metals store stresses in a similar way that can cause serious problems as well. It's just that most of them are much less brittle and just warp instead of shattering.
"Never stick your fingers in the two reservoirs of mercury" :D. Cool video! It's ever again great to see what our forefathers reached with such a simple technology. We way often forget, what is actually possyble with the simple things.
As a glassblower, I cringed really hard in the beginning. That being said, I was very impressed with what you managed to put together and that the cold seals on the welds actually held up in a vacuum! MISSION PASSED - RESPECT +
You be amazed at what people get away with when they don’t know better.. ive made sci glass for around 15 years now but started with similar basics in my basement lol
You probably were yelling at your screen "just blow I into a crack pipe like I do". He's a scientist not a crackhead. He's not worried about the crap you are. Lol
I cringed over the null safety messures with the mercury If any of you ever work with mercury always wear a mask with gas filter The most dangerous part of the mercury is the invisible (at naked eye) vapors that it emanates even at low temp
@@azazeltheforgotten So I guess the open window and shitty garage was for nothing, huh? Might as well have bathed his face in the stuff for all you care.
@@suneyman5 You could probably adapt the system to increase the potential. I have no idea what's going on there, but I would guess friction plays a role. The final bit of tubing could be made from a different material, or have a different geometry, to increase friction, without compromising the efficiency of the vacuum itself.
@@ongbonga9025 Basically gravity gets turned into negative pressure on the vacuum side and positive pressure on the exit site. In very small amounts. Due to Mercury being a metal, it can quite easily move electrons around in itself and they can be picked up by the tubing material, creating a difference in potential.
This is still my favorite video, Cody. Your other ones are interesting but while I am a computer and electrical engineer, this pump is absolutely amazing.
I missed seeing this one somehow when it was posted, this might be my favorite project of yours recently. Can the drip tube be made a larger diameter so you can pull vacuum faster for your larger chamber?
I know this is a few years later, but I'd say "no". Reason is because the bubble of air is less dense than the mercury pushing it down and if the tube has too large of a diameter, that bubble of air would overcome the surface tension of the mercury and escape through the slug of mercury above it. However, there's nothing that prevents you from having multiple Sprengel Pumps attached to the same chamber running in parallel to pull the vacuum faster.
I'm even later and I think John is right. You can probably increase the diameter slightly but I doubt by much. There are however other adjustments that can be made to better the efficiency, like Cody said, the kink he had in his tube was an issue.
A fork somewhere possibly could work? so that it runs from one mercury supply, has one vaccum-creating inlet, and finally one spout, but in between there would be 2, 5, 100(???) capilaries? I wonder what, if any, the limit is. With some kind of powered mercury pump (I'm thinking low-power, slow-geared Archimedean screw), this possibly could be made into a pretty fast, super-efficient and extremely potent portable device? I would love for someone to tell me whether this could work!
Yes absolutely, Sprengel's device worked in less than a half hour on a half liter of volume. it just depends on how intricate you wish to get with your glasswork.. For instance you could go as far as making multiple stages to pull down the vacuum as the Mercury falls, collect a bit of it and let it continue thru another trap before catching it. Sprengel himself did not actually create the device, he connected to the intake of a water powewered pumping device called a trompe, the precursor to an aspirator pump that had been around since the 16th century. The trompe had several stages so it's likely my guess Sprengel's apparatus did to when he filled it with Mercury instead of water.
This would work more like you wanted if the radiometer was the other way up, so the remaining air/vapour in the chamber flows out under gravity. I used to work for a company making mercury barometers, and worked with diffusion pumps, and this is part of how they work.
That could create a slug of mercury in the line, preventing a good evacuation of the radiometer bulb. To get rid of that mercury, leaving the lamp on it, to heat the mercury in the radiometer hotter than the mercury in the Sprengel pump would eventually evaporate the mercury, and it would condense in the pump. He really DID do it the right way, though he could have solved the problem by putting a trap in it, so mercury couldn't back feed into the radiometer. Live and learn, that's why this is called an "experiment".
someone should make a youtube channel doing all the old scientific stuff like this and maybe have a series doing all the old experiments that got us to were we are now scientifically. It would be cool to actually see those experiments instead of just reading about them.
What, just because people like crazy things means that they can't also be practical? I would love to see someone replicate the Lead Chamber Process for making lead-acid batteries. Old school tech like that is awesome (and dangerous, and _dangerously awesome_). (EDIT: And you're one to talk, Lajos. Why would John Oliver have to worry about being deported by Trump, when it's the left that's throwing molotovs at _gay jews_? [Milo])
yeah and this video actualy was particualary awesome,it blew my mind that he actually made it work, impressive most impressive... and that little thing witht he shock in the end.. 10/10..
Christian Wang I love the long videos. Nothing is more annoying than clicking on a video just to realize there's no real content because they summarized and dumbed down the concept into a sub 5 minute video just to cater to the lowest common denominator.
One of the best he's posted in a while. Super thorough. Demonstrates several principles of chemistry and physics. Unexpected sparks. This one has it all.
He said “safety squints!’ Love to see “best, smartest, most straightforward, and smartest, and self-effacing tube-sters find and appreciate each other.
Your videos have always been a source of continuous inspiration and awe for chemistry. I'm truly amazed that you were able to do so many amazing things with this particular subject.
question I have after this is to what level was it being evacuated to and what was the starting pressure? because 20 minutes seems amazingly fast compared to what I've seen.
***** Certainly whatever the standards of that claim differ from your goal in this case, but that large of a time difference before your system even saw a significant reduction in pressure suggests to me that there's probably still a significant speed difference.
At the T junction, why did you make the mercury's "entry" thin? I'm not well informed on the subject but I don't get why it is needed, my understanding is that it only slow it down, wouldn't it flow faster without it and bigger drops be allowed to trap more air?
This pump is one of the most fantastic ideas I have ever seen demonstrated on youtube. It is so simple and yet works so efficiently. I would love to see a professionally implemented instance of this pump produced and working. Thanks for showing us how this basic mechanical pump can be so wonderful.
Tobias Mädel I'm actually afraid you'd need quite a capable multimeter or some kind of voltage divider to measure it without killing your device, my guess is that the voltage could easily be over 1000 Volts. Couldn't find any info to that on the Internet.
I love how UA-cam recommends this one video of yours about every six months. It's an amazingly simple contraption, with very complicated things going on at the same time.
19:40 Could you put an electric cord between the 2 mercury jars (maybe also a resistor on it) and power an LED or something? Would be really cool with a Kinetic/mercury powered light :D
Could be an idea except it's static current, so it wouldn't do much to keep it lit for a while. Plus the voltage can be in excess of 10,000V, from memory.
Edison's laboratory in Greenfield Village in Dearborn Michigan has a mercury vacuum pump used to evacuate early light bulbs. It is made of glassware, but I've never examined it closely. It is about 15-20 feet from where you can normally get to. Next time I go I'll have to look at it more closely, or ask questions of the docent.
Cody, great video, brings back alot of great lab memorys from Purdue when I was a chemistry major in 75. I have some mercury diffusion pumps from those days and a McLeod vacuum gauge about 18 inch model, have done many vacuum experiments a long time ago, your ingenuity and video reminds me of those ol days.
My sugestions for future videos: 1) extract iron from blood 2) extract iron from spinach 3)extract platinum from lightning rod 4) extract liquid methane from farts 5) extract iron from cereals 6) extract minerals from tears
Thanks for sharing. I spend 2 days a week in the Menlo Park Lab at Greenfield Village. We have several Sprengel pumps as well as a version Edison used later to make his bulbs faster. You should visit. Maybe contact the curators for measurements or a special visit. Anyway, now I can explain how they functioned. Our narrative says that the Sprengel pump took up to 7 hours, but the newer versions took only 25 minutes to achieve complete vacuum.
I'm going to add a little to this. If you read through Edison's improved pump patents, of which there are many, he writes that the optimal temperature for the mercury is 100°-105°F. That's definitely not the safest thing to be heating, but you had some room temperature-wise. I've also learned that Francis Jehl taught lightbulb making at the Edison Institute in it's early days. The institutional memory indicates that the last step in the process was to burn the filament a bit, evacuate the smoke, and repeat until it doesn't smoke. So even these pumps weren't perfect.
Cody, I love your enthusiasm and curiosity for science and always enjoy your practical and logical use of "low-tech" solutions. Scientists can be prone to groupthink and technological advances, forgetting that simplicity, efficiency, and practicality is an important part of scientific discoveries. Btw, what is the faint trail of vapor falling from the tip of the radiometer at 20:17?
Cody thx for sharing the concept, the build and the results. Very cool old tech that was used for practical purposes. After looking at the pump for a while it dawned on me that this is an HAC (hydraulic air compressor). You are taking the vacuum vessels air and compressing it to atmospheric pressure. Moving a gas from a lower pressure to a higher pressure is the definition of a compressor. HACs also don't have any moving parts, are quite efficient and usually powered by falling water. In your case it's falling mercury. Again, thx for sharing.
Ethan Van Goor A combination of the two yields the benefit of both. Evacuate the chamber using a regular pump, then hook up the Mercury to get it down to practically nothing.
No good. The vacuum lowers the boiling point. There will always be some vapor. That's a serious limitation of this pump, but that still doesn't make useless. Every technology has limitations.
Cody'sLab , It would be interesting to put a florescent light tube between the reservoirs and see if it remains lit, or how much useful work can be taken from the electrical potential.
If he did that, it would not light continuously, but rather, it would flash repeatedly. It takes a lot of voltage for a fluorescent tube to strike, but the holding voltage is much lower. Since this doesn't generate any appreciable current, it will drop out, until the voltage builds back up enough to strike again. Something like a relaxation oscillator. Don't get me wrong, it WOULD be interesting!
@@graybot8064 he lifted it more than 60 times. You'd be better off using the energy you supplied by turning a rotor by hand. Voltage doesn't equate to having the current to run any appreciable load. As he proved by still being alive it was a minuscule current since it likely passed through his heart and he didn't die or have heart issues.
Yep, I still come back and watch this video just so I can look at that window and tell if it's eight o'clock. I'm really hoping for more videos with windows to check for nine, ten, 11, 12, etc. o'clock.
u should be able to deduce this bc cody is a responsible boi and will always sleep at 9 and because where he lives the sun goes down at 7 the time is 8 plus or minus 1 hour
That's why you should try to avoid saying "I made it absolute zero" because you theoretically can't create nothing. But saying "I made it cold" should be OK since you can create the absence of something. Wait. That defeats the point of my first argument about it being impossible to create nothing if I said you can create the absence of something.
Also, Codi makes iodine from table salt and uses chunk of glass in the process to help make it. The same piece of glass that he cut his foot on and uses his newly made iodine to sterilize the cut.
First video of yours that I viewed. Nice pump. I was expecting something else. But could you use water other than mercury. Great video. Well done. Really liked what you did with the glass.
Water wouldn't work very well in that configuration. It's not dense enough to create such a vacuum, and even if it did get down to those levels, the water would boil and vaporize
In this "Sprengel pump", dripping mercury through tubing, built up a significant electrostatic charge (acted as an electrostatic generator). The "Kelvin water dropper" uses two drips of water in open air to build up a charge. Perhaps these two could combine in some way to make a stronger generator.
Madison Ulmer I got annoyed by it because every other word out of his mouth is his nonsense jargon, sexual innuendo, or cussing. Then I was called immature...
skipa dippa Oh well. The time to put aside fun and joking is called adulthood. Leftists don't believe in that. They need their safe spaces and want a world of grown children. They also want a world of open formication and vulgarity.
This is one of your most interesting videos. I really enjoyed this one. Also, any possibility of running a light source (LED maybe) off the voltage between the 2 reservoirs? That would just be neat.
I was reading Edmund Morris Edison biography. P.389 describes Edison setting up the first Electric Lamp Factory in 1880 (to light NYC, then lit with gas lamps). “His first challenge was the installation of 476 towering mercury pumps”. Thanks for making 1 Cory!
You should revisit this pump using galinstan. Galinstan actually has a lower vapor pressure than mercury. I'd recommend adding a roughing pump in order to make it more practical for high-vacuum experiments, though, as you wouldn't need to wait forever.
I be have used this mercury pump to extract various gases from transformer oil and to send it through a gas chromatogram, testing for hydrogen. We used 2x three way gas valves to make it work better. And glass syringe fro the collected sample
Of everyone I have ever seen on youtube I think you cody have caught my attention the most! You are so intelligent and intrigues me to keep watching keep up the amazing work bro!!
He would need a high voltage probe or electroscope to measure it. The usual 10 megohm input impedance meter is probably too low of an impedance, and the voltage is too high. It was a static charge.
We're talking about tens of kilovolts, spiked. You'd need either a very expensive special multimeter, or just a decently built electrometer which isn't difficult to make.
I'd guess the voltage would be a factor of run time, humidity and a few other random variables like conductive paths caused by contamination. Blinding accuracy wouldn't be a big issue, so I'll make a modest proposal that doesn't involve broiled children. 2 high voltage 500 meg resistors ( one for each probe leg ) with the 10 meg meter acting as the third resistor in a voltage divider ( 100:1 ratio ) so with a fluke the full range would be apx. 250000 volts. Couple of acrylic tubes to be the probes with resistors mounted inside. Could put a trim pot and resistor across the meter to extend that range if needed, and allow calibration.
Sprengel Pump!!!! Hermann Sprengel was born in schillerslage near my home city hanover, germany. Nice! Btw. The sprengel art museum in hannover has nothing to do with him ;) some useless knowledge for you :D
just in case you didn't see them, theres a few stray, airborne droplets around 10:03. Looks like they were probably caught by the tub, but the front lip is out of shot so it's worth mentioning.
How does someone get to the question "I wonder what would happen if I put one finger in this here pool of mercury and another in this here other pool of mercury"
we need to calibrated data to know how much voltage "the shock of my life" was. Please do calibration (self eletrocution under controlled conditions to measure the warm feeling of eletricity) and evaluation video ;)
My favorite video of yours, thanks. One question though, why didn't you angle the T-junction upward so that mercury would have no chance of flowing into the evacuation chamber? Am I missing something? Thanks again, great video
Ian H I'll assume that when the mercury is low, the weight will balance with the vacuum and it will stop. If the reservoir was above the top all of the mercury would drain or get sucked through and then expose the vacuum to atmosphere.
the opening on the tube he was evacuating is on the top and the spinning part balances in the middle, if it were up side down it might get stuck and not spin
Darn it Cody!!! I'm not happy that you did not get a video of you putting your finger in both the top and bottom reservoir. We need to see you get the shock of your life. Very cool experiment.
What noises? If there are noises, it's probably cavitation. Mercury is quite audible when smacking against glass in vacuum and, if quite clean, smacking against glass in atmosphere, too.
Thanks for a helpful video. I understand Edison and Swan used a modification of this for their lightbulb factories - a pump designed by Henry Sutton, the Australian scientist. I think the difference was Sutton's pump didn't use droplets but a stream and therefore was faster and avoided the vapor.
If you ever pass through Indiana hit me up I have a Vac Torr 25 it pumps down to .1 micron. Been sitting for a good while but if you want it and are ever passing through it's yours.
In my school we actually had a pump similar to that but working with the flow of water so it obviously couldnt make such a strong vacuum. Never understood how it worked though until now. Awesome craftsmanship.
I wonder if you could use liquids other than mercury, like vacuum pump oil. It hasn't got such a low vapour pressure, but it would still be useful for many situations, and is easier to get hold of than mercury.
Oil is much lighter than mercury, it's even lighter than water. It might work, but the down tube would have to be 35~40 feet tall, to pull the vacuum. The other problem is, getting the capillary small enough to prevent back bubbling, but large enough, to overcome the viscosity of the oil. I'm not sure if it's possible to properly size the capillary.
Would you be able to use Gallium to do the same thing.? I realize that Gallium is lighter than Mercury and that it would have to be kept up to it's melting point.
The drop tube would have to be longer, because of the lower density of Gallium. I don't know how viscous Gallium is. Yes, the temperature would have to be higher. I wonder about sodium, but, that's too dangerous!
I really enjoyed watching the glasswork, I had some glassblowing lessons a couple of years ago and you make it look so much easier. Also you didn't burn your fingers or injure yourself on glass shards. Great job.
he probably was injured by the glass shards. But he gave no fucks
Hello Mr. Manley! I can't say I'm surprised to see you on Cody's channel :)
Noah Hastings vacuum cannon to space?
I would love to learn the art of glass blowing.
its weird all the science kinda guys on youtube watch each other its always fun seeing some of my favorite youtubers interacting with each other
i say that like your not people
The density of liquid metal still amazes me. "We're going to put a POUND of mercury in here" *Adds a tablespoon of it*
Mercury is about 13 times heavier than water
And water is pretty dense
Yeah lol, about sums mercury up. I've got a little tiny plastic bottle that's an inch and a half in diameter (inside diameter) with 4 inches of Mercury in it, but there's almost four pounds of it lol. It's deceptively heavy, it kinda surprises me every time I pick it up.
I was thinking the same thing
“I don’t think one of these has been made since color photography was invented.”
You now have my full, undivided attention sir.
Dr. Stein my thoughts
I'd guess the sounds of poultry in the background could be heard when the first was designed as well.
Thanks so much for the shoutout! I had never heard of a Sprengel pump -- very interesting -- and very insightful comparison to an aspirator pump. Your video output and motivation is incredible, man! Your discovery of the electrostatic charge pumping must have been exciting -- similar to a Kelvin water dropper.
Applied Science I'm not sure, but I think because of you guys I found Cody early on. Love your channels, keep on being awesome!
This kind of pump looks very harmful to me, not worth the risk. Hg is very bad for the nervous system
Serachja just dont drink it, or rub it into an open wound, or work with it in a small closed space with no ventilation for hours on end...Cody has tons of videos explaining how mercury really is very safe with common sense.
Actually, you can drink mercury without causing much harm as it doesn't get absorbed fast enough through the intestine before it goes out the other side (high specific weight :-) ). The issue starts when you inhale the vapors. Especially in concentrations as I would expect are present in the video above. It gets to your brain and never leaves it. If you are eager to destroy probably the most complex object known to men go ahead and breath it in. I rather don't. Doesn't affect just you as there are most probably people that care about you that will suffer with you
Do you really believe there is a higher concentration of 0.1 mg/m³ in his ventilated garage there? www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp46-c7.pdf page 7
Getting shocked from Non Electrical Vacuum Pump
Good Old Cody :D
J C *d o n ' t .*
J C Sitting here watching tv with my exotic butters but this weird thing keeps popping up to my right. I think it wants my body.
J C Nice game theory reference.
Or should I say, FNAF reference.
***** S U R E
This was a great video. Really cool to see some historical machines on this channel. Hope to see more like this in the future.
oh hey its that -capitalist- guy on hermitcraft
cubfan135 why are you here?
Whaaaa what a crossover
Cody joining hermitcraft 7 confirmed
@@demetriusthompson2362 gotta get that Slab crossover, we've got Etho Slab, now we just need Cody Slab
"I gotta little diamond here to cut the tubing"
*pulls out spare pocket diamond*
Not unusual, before tungsten carbide most glass cutters used a tiny diamond on non-gem quality.
@Jackie Tearie Doesn't prove that at all! What else can they do with the tiny stones that are not fit for jewellery, about 2/3 of the total?
I immediately went to look for comments mentioning the diamond :)
Like minecraft
Diamonds are very common (as are gem quality diamonds).
The whole market is a type of 'scam'. People 'think' gem quality diamonds are rare.
They are not, they are common. But, that illusion of rarity is maintained ..so companies can charge the silly prices they do for them (a controlled market). Pure advertising, suckers the buyers :)
The entire premise of this channel is Cody saying " ehh, it should be okay"
Bradley Wang Tang Lin Xin Shi Ma Yang Right as I was reading this he said "eeh, this should work still". Never noticed his but it's very true lol
Bradley Want Tang Lin Xin Shi Ma Yang, He mostly knows what he is doing. Things get a little messy sometimes and a little dangerous other times but that's all part of the fun right?
cody to viewers is probably ok take a shot of vodka
Proof of concept doesn't have to be perfect, good enough does work even though this isn't horseshoes, hand grenades, or nuclear warfare...
most of his videos are on this premise, it's called the scientific method
The intelligence of the people who were able to come up with this stuff really blows my mind. I was aware of geniuses from the past, but to see their inventions being put into practical use like this with seemingly basic supplies is amazing to me.
It’s amazing what having the limitations of the past forced people to consider. Don’t get me wrong, it’s amazing to have things like modern electronics, but when that’s not possible, it’s amazing how much stuff people accomplished
The idea can also be seen with industrial compressors like the Trompe which uses water as the acting fluid and can be built to the size of dams
I would love to see you do more videos on 18th century machines for scientific investigation.
One hundred and seconded
You are one of the only good channels left on UA-cam.
This is my favourite video on UA-cam. It just has everything! Vacuum, history, self made, glass working with stretching of tubes to needles with careless precision, discovering and experiencing the sound of a mercury pump which few people ever can, better efficiency than modern version, light able to physically move things, knowledgeable guy, lasers, fun, deductive reasoning, figuring things out by yourself, experience the world up close, gas permeating plastic tubing, electrostatic light flashes, realistic security considerations, a satisfying ending with success, danger and educational. It's so inspirational! So many valuable life lessons packed into twenty minutes!
I'm very glad you made this pump. It's one of the classical masterpieces of scientific laboratory inventions that's similar to a typical water aspirator but relies on the high density of mercury.
One thing I have to warn you about (and I keep warning in in every video where you work with glass) - anneal your glass! Download a book on flameworking and see the details; they can make a difference between successful apparatus and an explosion/implosion. The joints you've made are extremely unstable and prone to cracking. I was very surprised this thing actually survived.
You're working with glass as if it's metal. It can't be suddenly attacked by vicious sharp hot flame and then quickly left alone without storing enormous stresses inside and I'm positively certain that one day such practice will make you pay. Please be more careful.
BTW, the charge separation is very common in vacuum systems. This one is similar to Kelvin water dropper. One initial difference will build up.
Also, Sprengel is pronounced ['ʃprɛ. ŋəl ] as it's a German surname. G is hard and S is sh.
Lajos Winkler who knew a kerbel would know so much.
To be fair, metals store stresses in a similar way that can cause serious problems as well. It's just that most of them are much less brittle and just warp instead of shattering.
we need more glass thanks, fat ass!
The g is not pronounced by itself. It is part of the ‘ng’ digraph that works just like it does in English. In other words, it is NOT hard.
"Never stick your fingers in the two reservoirs of mercury" :D. Cool video! It's ever again great to see what our forefathers reached with such a simple technology. We way often forget, what is actually possyble with the simple things.
Codys getting shocked by a non eletric pump reminds me Homer Simpson making a salad and it caches fire.
or a toaster that is a time machine
cornflakes are not salad, its soup damnit
12many4you cornflakes are cereal who the fuck thinks it’s soup?
Mmmmm milk and wheat soup.
@@jazm02384 Wheat? Is that what CORN flakes are made of? You should let SmarterEveryDay know of that one...
~Looks up pump on wikipedia~
"Got some idea how it works"
~Builds pump~
Say what you will, but that is bad ass.
As a glassblower, I cringed really hard in the beginning.
That being said, I was very impressed with what you managed to put together and that the cold seals on the welds actually held up in a vacuum!
MISSION PASSED - RESPECT +
You be amazed at what people get away with when they don’t know better.. ive made sci glass for around 15 years now but started with similar basics in my basement lol
You probably were yelling at your screen "just blow I into a crack pipe like I do". He's a scientist not a crackhead. He's not worried about the crap you are. Lol
I cringed over the null safety messures with the mercury
If any of you ever work with mercury always wear a mask with gas filter
The most dangerous part of the mercury is the invisible (at naked eye) vapors that it emanates even at low temp
@@azazeltheforgotten So I guess the open window and shitty garage was for nothing, huh? Might as well have bathed his face in the stuff for all you care.
@@Shepardofman wow! Who hurt you?
Here I am, 2 years after my first comment, commenting again. Still one of your best videos!
Please measure the voltage between the two reservoirs!
It's probably in the thousands but with a very small charge.
power something!!
Doesn't that mean it is even more efficient because it's actually creating a small amount of potentially usable energy as well as created vacuum
@@suneyman5 You could probably adapt the system to increase the potential. I have no idea what's going on there, but I would guess friction plays a role. The final bit of tubing could be made from a different material, or have a different geometry, to increase friction, without compromising the efficiency of the vacuum itself.
@@ongbonga9025 Basically gravity gets turned into negative pressure on the vacuum side and positive pressure on the exit site. In very small amounts. Due to Mercury being a metal, it can quite easily move electrons around in itself and they can be picked up by the tubing material, creating a difference in potential.
Alternate title: "man sticks fingers into mercury. the results are shocking!"
Thats more like a news channel clickbait title. Glad Cody avoids them.
Gone sexual?!?
why would you ever do that?
Tell cody to update on the radiometer u.u
Unsure if you are referencing Chubbyemu, if you were, hat of to you.
This is still my favorite video, Cody. Your other ones are interesting but while I am a computer and electrical engineer, this pump is absolutely amazing.
I missed seeing this one somehow when it was posted, this might be my favorite project of yours recently. Can the drip tube be made a larger diameter so you can pull vacuum faster for your larger chamber?
I know this is a few years later, but I'd say "no".
Reason is because the bubble of air is less dense than the mercury pushing it down and if the tube has too large of a diameter, that bubble of air would overcome the surface tension of the mercury and escape through the slug of mercury above it. However, there's nothing that prevents you from having multiple Sprengel Pumps attached to the same chamber running in parallel to pull the vacuum faster.
I'm even later and I think John is right. You can probably increase the diameter slightly but I doubt by much. There are however other adjustments that can be made to better the efficiency, like Cody said, the kink he had in his tube was an issue.
A fork somewhere possibly could work? so that it runs from one mercury supply, has one vaccum-creating inlet, and finally one spout, but in between there would be 2, 5, 100(???) capilaries? I wonder what, if any, the limit is. With some kind of powered mercury pump (I'm thinking low-power, slow-geared Archimedean screw), this possibly could be made into a pretty fast, super-efficient and extremely potent portable device?
I would love for someone to tell me whether this could work!
Yes absolutely, Sprengel's device worked in less than a half hour on a half liter of volume. it just depends on how intricate you wish to get with your glasswork.. For instance you could go as far as making multiple stages to pull down the vacuum as the Mercury falls, collect a bit of it and let it continue thru another trap before catching it. Sprengel himself did not actually create the device, he connected to the intake of a water powewered pumping device called a trompe, the precursor to an aspirator pump that had been around since the 16th century. The trompe had several stages so it's likely my guess Sprengel's apparatus did to when he filled it with Mercury instead of water.
@@johncochran8497 what if mercury move faster so it can overcome air pocket? is this same as basic physic danger of person beside moving train?
Wow, you're really pumping out the videos. My Robinair is rated 30 microns, and I thought that was a deep vacuum at 99.995% of full vacuum.
electronicsNmore "pumping out" intentional pun?
Ice pascual LOL. Unintentional.
All the good channels are watching each others videos, that's awesome.
Knowledge spreads by sharing it. The most experienced people likely didn't get there in a knowledge-vacuum ;)
Vapor pressure of mercury is 1.7 microns.
In this episode Cody makes a mercury powered vacuum pump inside a chicken coop.
Bwaaak!
And it's electrifying
SAFETY SQUINTS!
LazerLord10 ave?
A "keep your stick on the ice" finish in the future ?
There were more than a couple of 'focus, you FACK' moments in there, too...
I only got here because Uncle Bumblefak sent me. Glad I listened, though.
LazerLord10 he released the shmoo too
"Today we cool some mercury to 0K and open a wormhole to a parralell universe"
Later...
"I'm putting my finger in it"
@IfYouDisagreeYouAreWrong somewhere, there's a parallel universe in which parralell is the correct spelling
@@91DevilDriver91 he wasn't correcting the spelling, he was quoting it,
This would work more like you wanted if the radiometer was the other way up,
so the remaining air/vapour in the chamber flows out under gravity.
I used to work for a company making mercury barometers, and worked with diffusion pumps, and this is part of how they work.
So he probably have a perfect vaccum at the top?
That could create a slug of mercury in the line, preventing a good evacuation of the radiometer bulb. To get rid of that mercury, leaving the lamp on it, to heat the mercury in the radiometer hotter than the mercury in the Sprengel pump would eventually evaporate the mercury, and it would condense in the pump. He really DID do it the right way, though he could have solved the problem by putting a trap in it, so mercury couldn't back feed into the radiometer. Live and learn, that's why this is called an "experiment".
really cool thing to note, you might be one of very few people to have a mercury vapor based radiometer.... which is kinda cool in a way.
someone should make a youtube channel doing all the old scientific stuff like this and maybe have a series doing all the old experiments that got us to were we are now scientifically. It would be cool to actually see those experiments instead of just reading about them.
Judging by the stuff you "like" on UA-cam, you don't think so. Or maybe it's doublethink...
lol what exactly do i like that makes you think that?
What, just because people like crazy things means that they can't also be practical?
I would love to see someone replicate the Lead Chamber Process for making lead-acid batteries. Old school tech like that is awesome (and dangerous, and _dangerously awesome_).
(EDIT: And you're one to talk, Lajos. Why would John Oliver have to worry about being deported by Trump, when it's the left that's throwing molotovs at _gay jews_? [Milo])
Cody should turn this into a series
EngineerGuy might be of interest to you.
"I'm 80% sure it won't break" Science in action, folks.
Yeah I loved that. Like "I might be wasting days of work, make a mess, potentially hurt myself... let's do it".
A twenty minutes DIY Cody's video? **Makes Coffee**
EDIT: **after watching** AWESOME! ^_^
yeah and this video actualy was particualary awesome,it blew my mind that he actually made it work, impressive most impressive... and that little thing witht he shock in the end.. 10/10..
lol I just realized it was a twenty minute video I hate long videos but I didn't even realize that this was one.
Christian Wang I love the long videos. Nothing is more annoying than clicking on a video just to realize there's no real content because they summarized and dumbed down the concept into a sub 5 minute video just to cater to the lowest common denominator.
Tommy Pickles yea true but sometimes I have only like 10 minutes so I only watch a couple of short videos.
One of the best he's posted in a while. Super thorough. Demonstrates several principles of chemistry and physics. Unexpected sparks. This one has it all.
He said “safety squints!’
Love to see “best, smartest, most straightforward, and smartest, and self-effacing tube-sters find and appreciate each other.
Your videos have always been a source of continuous inspiration and awe for chemistry. I'm truly amazed that you were able to do so many amazing things with this particular subject.
Hello Cody, I've seen etchings of this mercury pump before, but I've never seen one actually working.I like your enthusiasm. Thank you. Chris
This is one of the coolest things youve done actually. I love old tech and I'd love to see you try to improve this in terms of speed. great job cody
Especially since a quick look at the wikipedia article suggests one of these could evacuate a half-liter vessel in 20 minutes.
question I have after this is to what level was it being evacuated to and what was the starting pressure? because 20 minutes seems amazingly fast compared to what I've seen.
***** Certainly whatever the standards of that claim differ from your goal in this case, but that large of a time difference before your system even saw a significant reduction in pressure suggests to me that there's probably still a significant speed difference.
At the T junction, why did you make the mercury's "entry" thin? I'm not well informed on the subject but I don't get why it is needed, my understanding is that it only slow it down, wouldn't it flow faster without it and bigger drops be allowed to trap more air?
This pump is one of the most fantastic ideas I have ever seen demonstrated on youtube. It is so simple and yet works so efficiently. I would love to see a professionally implemented instance of this pump produced and working. Thanks for showing us how this basic mechanical pump can be so wonderful.
The mercury had effectively been doing the old "rub the glass rod" static electricity experiment for tens of hours. Ouch!
Triboelectric effect to the max ...
I feel like we could harness that in large scale. 100m tubes with mercury flowing through. They drop into a collection bin the catches the charge.
Cheap energy.
@@Kesiif if people don't want tiny amounts of mercury in lamps, they won't want it in lots
cool! Could you measure the voltage between both reservoirs? also: Would shorting both with a wire affect the pump itself in any way?
Tobias Mädel I'm actually afraid you'd need quite a capable multimeter or some kind of voltage divider to measure it without killing your device, my guess is that the voltage could easily be over 1000 Volts. Couldn't find any info to that on the Internet.
I think the multimeters internal resistance is going to clamp the voltage way down anyway, so that might still work...
Tobias Mädel that would be the second problem; you would almost immediately be reading a voltage far below the peak.
my guess is that it was well over 20,000 volts since there was an audible spark.
could you use that voltage for something neat?. and also, could you calculate how much of the energy you put in to the system is wasted as sparks?
Hey Cody, as a neon sign glass blower for +25 years I was both cringing and amazed you actually managed to do this! Cheers!!
I love how you can use this pump to both evacuate and run a lightbulb, just by moving some mercury around.
I thought you were going to say "Never stick one finger in each end or you might get sucked through!" :P
i think, its best not to stick any finger into mercury.
cok Bagus I'm inclined to agree with you, but small exposures probably arent a problem, and Cody stuck his whole arm in mercury a while back.
Mercury can not penetrate the skin. Unless you have cuts, bruises or abrasions you'll be fine to put your hand in it.
LMAO, Slayed me. TY
S.A. Smith I believe a very small amount can be absorbed over time, but nothing as bad as direct contact with wounds.
I love how UA-cam recommends this one video of yours about every six months. It's an amazingly simple contraption, with very complicated things going on at the same time.
19:40 Could you put an electric cord between the 2 mercury jars (maybe also a resistor on it) and power an LED or something?
Would be really cool with a Kinetic/mercury powered light :D
Sion that is a great idea. LEDs don't need a lot of current
Maybe just a neon lamp.
Could be an idea except it's static current, so it wouldn't do much to keep it lit for a while. Plus the voltage can be in excess of 10,000V, from memory.
What if you had the perfect combination of Mercury and electricity to power a pump to pump the mercury between the glasses?
@@itchyprince3793 You'd never get enough power to do it. What you're describing would be a perpetual motion machine.
Edison's laboratory in Greenfield Village in Dearborn Michigan has a mercury vacuum pump used to evacuate early light bulbs. It is made of glassware, but I've never examined it closely. It is about 15-20 feet from where you can normally get to. Next time I go I'll have to look at it more closely, or ask questions of the docent.
Cody, great video, brings back alot of great lab memorys from Purdue when I was a chemistry major in 75. I have some mercury diffusion pumps from those days and a McLeod vacuum gauge about 18 inch model, have done many vacuum experiments a long time ago, your ingenuity and video reminds me of those ol days.
Definitely one of the neatest vacuum demos I've seen, thanks Cody!
My sugestions for future videos:
1) extract iron from blood
2) extract iron from spinach
3)extract platinum from lightning rod
4) extract liquid methane from farts
5) extract iron from cereals
6) extract minerals from tears
7) extract diamonds from meteorites
8) extract diamonds from cast iron
Thanks for sharing. I spend 2 days a week in the Menlo Park Lab at Greenfield Village. We have several Sprengel pumps as well as a version Edison used later to make his bulbs faster. You should visit. Maybe contact the curators for measurements or a special visit. Anyway, now I can explain how they functioned. Our narrative says that the Sprengel pump took up to 7 hours, but the newer versions took only 25 minutes to achieve complete vacuum.
I'm going to add a little to this. If you read through Edison's improved pump patents, of which there are many, he writes that the optimal temperature for the mercury is 100°-105°F. That's definitely not the safest thing to be heating, but you had some room temperature-wise. I've also learned that Francis Jehl taught lightbulb making at the Edison Institute in it's early days. The institutional memory indicates that the last step in the process was to burn the filament a bit, evacuate the smoke, and repeat until it doesn't smoke. So even these pumps weren't perfect.
"For those of you worried about mercury vapor; It's OK because i have that window open." -Cody
Its the neighbours who need to worry, 😀
And the Chickens, don't buy Eggs from this Fella....
Cody, I love your enthusiasm and curiosity for science and always enjoy your practical and logical use of "low-tech" solutions. Scientists can be prone to groupthink and technological advances, forgetting that simplicity, efficiency, and practicality is an important part of scientific discoveries. Btw, what is the faint trail of vapor falling from the tip of the radiometer at 20:17?
Cody thx for sharing the concept, the build and the results. Very cool old tech that was used for practical purposes.
After looking at the pump for a while it dawned on me that this is an HAC (hydraulic air compressor). You are taking the vacuum vessels air and compressing it to atmospheric pressure. Moving a gas from a lower pressure to a higher pressure is the definition of a compressor. HACs also don't have any moving parts, are quite efficient and usually powered by falling water. In your case it's falling mercury.
Again, thx for sharing.
that simple 200y old diy thingy beats some modern pumps
Ethan Van Goor still impressive from hundreds of years old technology
Ethan Van Goor A combination of the two yields the benefit of both. Evacuate the chamber using a regular pump, then hook up the Mercury to get it down to practically nothing.
I feel like inventors were so clever back then. Such a simple solution to a rather difficult problem.
A pump that relies on a fluid that itself creates vapors isn't really useful. It will contaminate everything you put in that vacuum with mercury.
No good. The vacuum lowers the boiling point. There will always be some vapor. That's a serious limitation of this pump, but that still doesn't make useless. Every technology has limitations.
Anybody about anything: This has not been done in centuries and we have no records to work from.
Cody: I think I can figure it out....
5 years later and I think you’re still the only person to make one of these in modern times, cool stuff
Cody'sLab , It would be interesting to put a florescent light tube between the
reservoirs and see if it remains lit, or how much useful work can be
taken from the electrical potential.
If he did that, it would not light continuously, but rather, it would flash repeatedly. It takes a lot of voltage for a fluorescent tube to strike, but the holding voltage is much lower. Since this doesn't generate any appreciable current, it will drop out, until the voltage builds back up enough to strike again. Something like a relaxation oscillator. Don't get me wrong, it WOULD be interesting!
@@vincentrobinette1507 A year later, I know... but... I wonder how many of these you'd need to hook up in parallel to generate a useful current
@@graybot8064 he lifted it more than 60 times. You'd be better off using the energy you supplied by turning a rotor by hand. Voltage doesn't equate to having the current to run any appreciable load. As he proved by still being alive it was a minuscule current since it likely passed through his heart and he didn't die or have heart issues.
13:07 wait. did Cody do a tutorial on how to tell if it's 8 o clock at night just by looking outside??? Oo wtf
Meanwhile I'm still trying to figure out which 8 o'clock he considers to be at night.
Yep, I still come back and watch this video just so I can look at that window and tell if it's eight o'clock. I'm really hoping for more videos with windows to check for nine, ten, 11, 12, etc. o'clock.
N3kmunitt I
u should be able to deduce this bc cody is a responsible boi and will always sleep at 9 and because where he lives the sun goes down at 7 the time is 8 plus or minus 1 hour
THIS is what a science channel on youtube should be like
Wow thats some amazing techonology for 18th century
MrMantas1234: is that how they spelled technology in the 18th century?
19th
"I made the vacuum"
I'm amused by the concept of "making" the absence of stuff.
That's why you should try to avoid saying "I made it absolute zero" because you theoretically can't create nothing. But saying "I made it cold" should be OK since you can create the absence of something.
Wait. That defeats the point of my first argument about it being impossible to create nothing if I said you can create the absence of something.
So say you caused a vacuum instead I guess, it doesn't really matter. :p
Randall Stephens well, he caused a difference in pressure
Revi M Fadli: yes, but that difference in pressure is only about 1 bar, which isn't impressive at all.
Caused a vacuum makes it sound like it was an accident to me. Made just sounds more correct for everyday informal language.
This is possibly the best thing I've ever seen you do, kudos.
Tfw Cody almost killed himself in a way no one would've guessed.
The butter story was hysterical. "Let me tell you about how I slipped on butter. So it all started when I was making explosives in my garage..."
I always knew Mercury would get him. Just didn't know it would shock him to death.
i remember the butter story .. i mean he nearly got killed because of the butter but not by the explosives he was making
@@paytyler I have not heard the butter story, please tell me which video I need to watch!
Also, Codi makes iodine from table salt and uses chunk of glass in the process to help make it. The same piece of glass that he cut his foot on and uses his newly made iodine to sterilize the cut.
First video of yours that I viewed. Nice pump. I was expecting something else. But could you use water other than mercury. Great video. Well done. Really liked what you did with the glass.
Water wouldn't work very well in that configuration. It's not dense enough to create such a vacuum, and even if it did get down to those levels, the water would boil and vaporize
@@Skinflaps_Meatslapper true
there are actually related devices called trumps that act via the same mechanism as air compressors that use water
@@coolmikefromcanada Sure, it works the other way no problem, water is a pretty decent hydraulic fluid.
The vapor pressure of water is too high, you'd have a "vacuum" of steam.
In this "Sprengel pump", dripping mercury through tubing, built up a significant electrostatic charge (acted as an electrostatic generator). The "Kelvin water dropper" uses two drips of water in open air to build up a charge. Perhaps these two could combine in some way to make a stronger generator.
He said Safety Squints, AvE's Jargon had rubbed off on my vernacular too.
Madison Ulmer that's a pretty skookum vacuum pump if you ask me!
You betcha, and she look like she rounds up some angry pixies too after choohing for a while.
Madison Ulmer I got annoyed by it because every other word out of his mouth is his nonsense jargon, sexual innuendo, or cussing. Then I was called immature...
skipa dippa Oh well. The time to put aside fun and joking is called adulthood. Leftists don't believe in that. They need their safe spaces and want a world of grown children. They also want a world of open formication and vulgarity.
There's no problem on my end. Anyone who goes around constantly talking like that is a douche bag.
This is one of your most interesting videos. I really enjoyed this one. Also, any possibility of running a light source (LED maybe) off the voltage between the 2 reservoirs? That would just be neat.
Old video, old comment, but: probably something high voltage low current, like a neon glow lamp
I also want this type of video. I'm just way late to the science party.
I was reading Edmund Morris Edison biography. P.389 describes Edison setting up the first Electric Lamp Factory in 1880 (to light NYC, then lit with gas lamps). “His first challenge was the installation of 476 towering mercury pumps”.
Thanks for making 1 Cory!
Would be really cool (and Cody-ish) to make your own light bulb.
19:39 Cody's Lab in one sentence.
You should revisit this pump using galinstan. Galinstan actually has a lower vapor pressure than mercury.
I'd recommend adding a roughing pump in order to make it more practical for high-vacuum experiments, though, as you wouldn't need to wait forever.
Was looking for this, I agree, I think he should too.
I be have used this mercury pump to extract various gases from transformer oil and to send it through a gas chromatogram, testing for hydrogen.
We used 2x three way gas valves to make it work better. And glass syringe fro the collected sample
17:15 "Lift these hoes up"
Cody Slab, 2017
I was watching the comments while the video played, and I clicked on 17:15 and the audio didn't cut, I was at 17:15 when I clicked your link lol
+Quino Kin
Cody Slab :D
Of everyone I have ever seen on youtube I think you cody have caught my attention the most! You are so intelligent and intrigues me to keep watching keep up the amazing work bro!!
the science is awsome but the sound of the chickens in the background is the best
How'd you cut your hand,
did the butter strike again.
Fat Angery savage 😂
This is one of my favorite UA-cam videos of all time.
How many volts is the electrical potential between the 2 pools of mercury?! Would be very interesting to know!
BigDog, just need to use a voltometer to know.
He would need a high voltage probe or electroscope to measure it. The usual 10 megohm input impedance meter is probably too low of an impedance, and the voltage is too high. It was a static charge.
Given he felt a strong shock it must be high voltage. 10 dollars would tell me it's pushing at about 50'000 volts.
We're talking about tens of kilovolts, spiked. You'd need either a very expensive special multimeter, or just a decently built electrometer which isn't difficult to make.
I'd guess the voltage would be a factor of run time, humidity and a few other random variables like conductive paths caused by contamination. Blinding accuracy wouldn't be a big issue, so I'll make a modest proposal that doesn't involve broiled children. 2 high voltage 500 meg resistors ( one for each probe leg ) with the 10 meg meter acting as the third resistor in a voltage divider ( 100:1 ratio ) so with a fluke the full range would be apx. 250000 volts. Couple of acrylic tubes to be the probes with resistors mounted inside. Could put a trim pot and resistor across the meter to extend that range if needed, and allow calibration.
Sprengel Pump!!!! Hermann Sprengel was born in schillerslage near my home city hanover, germany. Nice!
Btw. The sprengel art museum in hannover has nothing to do with him ;) some useless knowledge for you :D
ich bin ein Hamburger.
I'm glad Cody got to combine two of his favorite things, vacuums and mercury. Such a happy Cody :D
And electricity
just in case you didn't see them, theres a few stray, airborne droplets around 10:03. Looks like they were probably caught by the tub, but the front lip is out of shot so it's worth mentioning.
I saw them, they were caught.
Good deal.
Very cool video btw. Ive never seen that apparatus before.
Thanks for making me feel smarter and dumber at the same time. Appreciate it 👍lol
Please make your own radiometer sometime.
Seriously, Cody’s Lab is one of my favorite channels. Cody, you rock man!
How does someone get to the question "I wonder what would happen if I put one finger in this here pool of mercury and another in this here other pool of mercury"
mickeybill Curiosity! Cody as a similar search for any knowledge, that I have. Why do you think that his videos are so very diverse?
Because he's got his finger in all sorts of different pools of mercury... I mean pies.
#JustCodyThings
I'm guessing putting a wire in either container and reference it to ground would get rid of the difference in electrical charge
I like how you phrased it as Cody would.
we need to calibrated data to know how much voltage "the shock of my life" was. Please do calibration (self eletrocution under controlled conditions to measure the warm feeling of eletricity) and evaluation video ;)
Wow man, the leven of knowledge an capability to make this is awesome! That’s why I’m a subscriber.
Cold weld stainless in a vac chamber using AvE's setup coming up?
You should have stuck a volt meter in it to see how much voltage it had!
It was probably way more than 1000 Volt, a 40 kV voltage probe may have been necessary.
I LOVE this!! Always enjoy walking along with you in your videos! Thank you for taking the time to share your knowledge and experiences!!
My favorite video of yours, thanks. One question though, why didn't you angle the T-junction upward so that mercury would have no chance of flowing into the evacuation chamber? Am I missing something? Thanks again, great video
Ian H I'll assume that when the mercury is low, the weight will balance with the vacuum and it will stop. If the reservoir was above the top all of the mercury would drain or get sucked through and then expose the vacuum to atmosphere.
the opening on the tube he was evacuating is on the top and the spinning part balances in the middle, if it were up side down it might get stuck and not spin
Cody: As you can see, the mercury is...
*ad pops up*
Ad: Now on digital!
Darn it Cody!!! I'm not happy that you did not get a video of you putting your finger in both the top and bottom reservoir. We need to see you get the shock of your life. Very cool experiment.
Did you stick your fingers in to test the potential? Why would you do that
For SCIENCE!!
He's Cody why not?
Those electro-static discharges would explain the clicking noises.
What noises? If there are noises, it's probably cavitation. Mercury is quite audible when smacking against glass in vacuum and, if quite clean, smacking against glass in atmosphere, too.
Thanks for a helpful video. I understand Edison and Swan used a modification of this for their lightbulb factories - a pump designed by Henry Sutton, the Australian scientist. I think the difference was Sutton's pump didn't use droplets but a stream and therefore was faster and avoided the vapor.
If you ever pass through Indiana hit me up I have a Vac Torr 25 it pumps down to .1 micron. Been sitting for a good while but if you want it and are ever passing through it's yours.
@Cody's lab can you pls state some methods to synthesis of sulphur trioxide i m searching some prominent way for it
sulfur dioxide + vanadium pentoxide --> sulfur trioxide + vanadium tetroxide
vanadium tetroxide + Oxygen gas --> vanadium pentoxide
Cody'sLab actually v2o5 is to costly here any other
Cody'sLab i also cant get any literature for it
nitric acid will also work
aditya mittal he does right here
In my school we actually had a pump similar to that but working with the flow of water so it obviously couldnt make such a strong vacuum. Never understood how it worked though until now. Awesome craftsmanship.
Can you explain why/how the voltage potential was created? Is it a form of a Van de Graaff generator?
triboelectric effect
That's exactly what it is. Almost no current, but very high voltage, charging an effective capacitance. it snaps pretty good, but not lethal.
I wonder if you could use liquids other than mercury, like vacuum pump oil. It hasn't got such a low vapour pressure, but it would still be useful for many situations, and is easier to get hold of than mercury.
Oil is much lighter than mercury, it's even lighter than water. It might work, but the down tube would have to be 35~40 feet tall, to pull the vacuum. The other problem is, getting the capillary small enough to prevent back bubbling, but large enough, to overcome the viscosity of the oil. I'm not sure if it's possible to properly size the capillary.
There is only 1 other video online I could find with a working model of this pump and it is from 5 years ago. Good job cody
Would you be able to use Gallium to do the same thing.? I realize that Gallium is lighter than Mercury and that it would have to be kept up to it's melting point.
The drop tube would have to be longer, because of the lower density of Gallium. I don't know how viscous Gallium is. Yes, the temperature would have to be higher. I wonder about sodium, but, that's too dangerous!