As we approach one year of WW2 In Real Time we cannot express our gratitude for your support enough. It is the financial and spiritual involvement of the TimeGhost Army at www.patreon.com/TimeGhostHistory and timeghost.tv that has made it possible for us to do all of this - so thank you, once again! This episode comes out as our WW2 series is covering the first battles in the North African theatre. The Second World War there will have major impact on world events between 1940 and 1944. And this is the second episode covering the background to the conflict in North Africa and the Middle East. We will return to Africa again, but before that we will look at what is going on in Germany, Japan and the USSR in the early 1930s - as some of you might already guess or know, those are dramatic times in those places and it is in these years that the world takes its first concrete steps towards the conflict that erupts into world war in 1939. And last, but not least; remember our rules: STAY CIVIL AND POLITE we will delete any comments with personal insults, or attacks. AVOID PARTISAN POLITICS AS FAR AS YOU CAN we reserve the right to cut off vitriolic debates. HATE SPEECH IN ANY DIRECTION will lead to a ban. RACISM, XENOPHOBIA, OR SLAMMING OF MINORITIES will lead to an immediate ban. PARTISAN REVISIONISM, ESPECIALLY HOLOCAUST AND HOLODOMOR DENIAL will lead to an immediate ban
Can you guys talk about the mad mullah of Somalia who was a thorn on the British, Italian and Ethiopian. Also, his 20 yrs campaign against the imperialist. Finally, can you guys talk about the Italian colonization of Somalia.
Ottoman Empire after conquering Constantinople: “I’m Rome now!” Benito Mussolini after the Ottoman Empire falls: “I guess that makes me protector of Islam.”
Doesn't now what's up I was born in Washington In Toppenish which is a native reservation, to parents that are from Michoacan Mexico and my last name is Galician and Portegues some how and I believe in Washingtons reform of laws your amazing you know.
They knew it since 1938 (thanks to a series of campaigns led by the geologist Ardito Desio, although they were looking for water), but it was not easy to extract with the technology of the time and WWII broke out anyway. Only by the late '50s Lybia started producing oil.
My Saudi Arabia-based US Army task force in 1990-1991 had a water drilling unit. The first time they drilled for water, they hit oil within 300 meters of the surface. The second time, they hit water, pumped it for two weeks, then oil started coming out of the well. Someone pointed out to me that we NEVER saw a pump jack in Saudi Arabia. You see them all the time in West Texas, bringing up about 20 to 30 barrels per day - known as "stripper wells." There was no need to pump oil from the ground in Saudi Arabia in 1991. The locals were using gasoline/petrol that with subsidies only cost them about 0.13 USD per liter in 2019 dollars. Oil, oil, everywhere, and no water at all to drink.
@ⴰⵙⴰⴼⴰⵕ ⵏⴰⵔⴰⵖⴰⵙ Omar el mukhtar was like most North Africans today of Arabized berber ancestry. It seems mostly issolated berber tribes like the Rif and Kabyle kept their language
@ⴰⵙⴰⴼⴰⵕ ⵏⴰⵔⴰⵖⴰⵙ If definition of Arab was invented by Nasser and Michel Aflaq, still better than your "Amazigh" one, invented by French anthropologists lol. You guys were and are Berbers. And you used to claim origin from Yemen until the colonialist taught you about E3b1 haplogroup etcetera
The dreams (or illusions) of Mussolini to restore the Mare Nostrum, quickly lead to deterioration of relations with neighboring Greece. The two countries were already in competition over influencing/puppeting Albania, after the Great War. Greece even considered annexing parts of Albania, while Italy strongly guaranteed the country (only to almost annex it as a whole during WWII). Now under Mussolini, Italy was claiming the Ionian Islands/Eptanisa/Eptaneso, and possibly the Cyclades, all of which were once part of the Venetian Republic. Note that after the Italian-Ottoman War, besides Libya, Italy had acquired the predominantly Greek-populated Dodecanese Islands. Tension were rising until in 1923 when the Corfu Incident took place. It began with the murder of the Italian General Tellini. After the Great War, Greece and Albania had constant border disputes, and Italy under Mussolini strongly suggested a tripart meeting (Italy-Albania-Greece) to solve all issues. Greece reluctantly agreed, and the meeting was scheduled within Greece near the Greco-Albanian borders. The Italian representative was the General Tellini, and while he was heading to the meeting was ambushed in his car and killed by gunfire along all his Italian collegues within Greek territory. Mussolini was furious and demanded Greece to 1) find and execute the murders, 2) publicly apologize for the murders, 3) military honor the dead in a public funeral mass in Athens, while allowing a whole italian squadron to arrive in Piraeus to pay its respects, 4) -most important of all - pay a 50M Lire compensation to the Italian state. Greece declared ignorance on the matter, refused to agree to any demands or pay anything other that some compensations to the victim families, as the crime had been done on Greek soil. Greece suggested that in case of disagreement, both nations should ask for the assistance of the League of Nations. Frustrated and wanted to show strength, Mussolini ordered the bombardment and capture of the island of Corfu. Thus the Italian Navy invaded the island in late August 1923, killing in the process 16 civilians. After that Mussolini refused to leave if his demands were not met. Greece petitioned the League of Nations, and a committee was set up to find a solution. The final verdict of the commission declared that Greece was guilty and was forced to comply on all Italian demands, save for the funeral, which was held in Preveza, a small coastal town, and not Athens. Most important of all Greece was forced to pay 50M Lira to Italy, a big economic hit. Greece was already in a financial and social chaos after its defeat in the Greco-Turkish War in 1922 and the country was flooded by 1M homeless refugees and broke soldiers. Afterwards, the Italians left Corfu in late September. The Corfu Incident gave a huge boost in the strongman image of Mussolini in Italy and in the world. The League of Nations was shown as too weak to stop any imperialist moves in the future and Greece was publicly humiliated. The murderers of Tellini were never found, but considering that Greece had nothing to gain and the murder would only place the country in a very difficult position, the whole affairs seems like a false-flag attack organized by Mussolini. Italy and Greece would continue to grow increasingly hostile until Italy invaded Greece in October 1940.
"We do not surrender, we win, or we die, and if we die generations after us will carry the flag and continue fighting" - Omar al Mulhtar , the lion of the desert
When I see Italian atrocities in Lybia, I wonder what actually went so wrong in the world that just few years afterwards the Italians were the most merciful occupators that my grandfathers fought against. Compared to the Croatian ustasha regime and Nazis, Italians were rather "good guys".
Same here, both my grandfather and great-grandfather fought in the Yugoslav Partisan resistance against Italians occupying Dalmatia and my grandfather told me the same thing. As a matter of fact, many Italians that were present in the occupied Dalmatia at the time of Italy's capitulation joined the Yugoslav Partisan detachments and formed their own "Garibaldi Brigade" and assisted in the fight against Germans and our local collaborators. After Italian capitulation my grandfather befriended some of these Italians, they fought side by side and he even learned Italian language and assisted in the peaceful resolution of post-WW2 Trieste/Istria troubles. Judging from the historical facts presented in Indy's video I'd say that Fascist Italy simply used the tactic that they used in Libya when they utilized their Eritrean and Somalian subjects to do the fighting. Ustasha and Chetnik movements served the very same purpose in the occupied Yugoslavia, as can be witnessed on so many documented images showing local collaborator shooting squads doing the dirty execution work while the Italian overlords are watching on the side.
@@DarkSasori1 The Chetniks were used by the Italian command as auxiliaries, but the Ustasha acted completely on their own, in fact their interests often collided with the Italians'. James Burgwyin's "Empire on the Adriatic" examines these dynamics in great detail.
@Salmon The Italians were not into the whole extreme "scientific" racism thing, but they did freely partake in the more widespread kind of racism that was prevalent everywhere in Europe at the time, and that was a huge factor in why they were more humane to the Croats than to the Libyans and the Ethiopians.
Another incredible episode. Though I travelled to 44 countries, reading history along the way, I learn jaw dropping revelations in every show you produce. Thank you.
Your storytelling is remarquable! this video didnt feel like it was 20 minutes at all.Thank you for efforts and dedication to these historic subjects !!
My beloved grandfather, born in 1931, died a few days ago. He was one of the last eye-witnesses of the bombing of Rotterdam in 1940--he was in a neighbouring town when it occured, remembering the days-long smoke and all the crying people that fled the city. He was also one of the last people in the Netherlands that made puff pastry by hand. He almost had to fight in the Indonesian War for Independence, but he failed to pass his medicals. Thank you, Timeghost Team, for giving some immersion into the year 1931. (Also, he was born on the 6th of June, so he had an interesting 13th birthday.)
I am from Libya and my grandfather’s father was pushed by the Italians of top of mountain where he died. And my mom is father’s uncle got his head cut by Italians of that time
There is an old film called "Lion of the Desert" (1980) that dealt with Omar Mukthar's final years (1929-1931). Anthony Quinn played Mukthar and Oliver Reed played General Rodolfo Graziani (The Governer of Libya) who was sent by Mussolini to quell the rebellion. Rod Steiger has a cameo as Benito Mussolini. It was directed by Moustapha Akkad who was well known for producing the Halloween horror franchise. The depiction of the "Battle of Kufra" in the film was pretty brutal.
iwillnotkillyou CZ-En it never stopped being an empire although parts of its territory started to be controlled by foreign powers, and later one of its former vassals (the Hohenzollerns), who had taken over Brandenburg-Prussia and extracted it from vassalage of both Poland and the HRE/Austria, also got in on the fun and eventually took all german speaking territory except Austria-proper and german Bohemia (“Sudetenland”) away from the habsburgs. Of course by that point the Habsburg realm was known as the German confederation, after Napoleon had defeated the HRE/Austria (with the help of part of the empire who had turned on the habsburgs), 50 years earlier.
JP51ism in the 1600s, Brandenburg/Prussia was not independent yet and was subservient to both the HRE/Austrian Habsburgs and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Later Prussia extracted itself from this situation and became Independent. Eventually it would wrestle control of the German states away from Austria, including the catholic south german states
Omar Mukhtar looks like old Anthony Quinn. I wonder if Syrian executive producer of Halloween film series have made film about him, with Oliver Reed as Rodolfo Graziani.
@@peymanmostafaei6963 Gaddafi actually financed that film, all $35 million of it. Eventually the Italians apologized to the Libyans for their behaviour during that time.
Brilliant video! Between 2 Wars is becoming better and better every episode/video. I loved the Great War Especial videos, and production-wise, I think it now reaches the same levels of high-quality video of the great war channel
Halfway down with the first season of B2W. I love what I seen so far and can't wait for another 29 days of great content (I've been watching one video a day).
Wow! I always learn something from TimeGhost History. I had had no idea that the Italians used primarily colonial troops from Eritrea and Somalia in Libya.
Everyone gets everything he wants. I wanted a video, and for my sins, they gave me one. Brought it up to me like room service. It was a real choice video, and when it was over, I'd always want another one.
This guy does an outstanding job mixing at pace though so many pronunciations of multiple languages while staying on point and being entertaining.. Far more eloquent than I could eve hope to be, I would have let that one slide :)
And here today the effects of this colonization from the West are still felt around the world. Another great video! While I really like the WW2 stuff these are my favourite videos of yours. They are able to go into more depth and focus on one topic.
Outstanding and detailed video guys! Congrats from Italy. I have one tip for you regarding italian pronunciation. Letter "C" in italian is not pronounced like an "S" (as in spanish or even english), for example you pronounce Galeazzo CIANO more like the english "CH" like "Chamber" or the widespread "CIAO"
Thanks for this elaborated episode on colonizations in Italian Libya! Would You cover British Egypt between the wars the same way, as a prelude to the WWII desert war? Today it seems that there was a big gap after Cleopatra until Gamal Abdel Nasser ... many forgotten histories.
The entire history of North Africa and the Middle East between the fall of Rome and the early twentieth century is almost completely ignored in Western historiography (the only things that kinda merit a passing mention in the meantime are the rise of Islam, the first few crusades, the fall of Constantinople and the Napoleonic invasion of Egypt).
There was movie in 1981 that dealt with this subject; it was LION OF THE DESERT starring Anthony Quinn as Omar Mukhtar and Rod Steiger as Benito Mussolini.
I can't wait for the Italo-Abyssinian war in a few years. Such a little covered battlefield, though not as unknown as this one. It's interesting how concentration camps, forced relocations and manufactured famines were always standard practice in colonial warfare, regardless of which power was doing the colonizing, both before and after WW2.
Excellent Episode Indeed. There was a very good movie made in 1981 called "Lion of The Desert" Starring Oliver Reed , Anthony Quin and Rod Steiger. Covering this most interesting part of 20th Century History!
Thanks for this video. I'm Italian and I did not know (nor, it pains me to admit, think about) of the crimes of my country during the colonisation years - in school it's just presented as "oh, we colonised a couple places in Africa too".
Just a brief comment for the team regarding maps such as the one at about 1:30. These colours are not a good choice. The eye and brain automatically register the light blue areas as being the sea, so that (I at least) have difficulty even recognising the very familiar outline of the Mediterranean. The light blue lands adjacent to the dark blue seas also work against rapid recognition. Otherwise great work and love the show.
Excellent post! The 350 mile long barbed wire fence along the Libyan-Egyptian border was colloquially known as "the wire" long after it was abandoned following the subjugation of Senussi insurgents from Cyrenaica in 1930. During the confused fighting of Operation Crusader (Nov./Dec. 1941) Rommel made his famous "Dash to the Wire" in an ill fated attempt to capture British ammo & supply dumps and threaten cut-off of British, Australian, New Zealand, and South African then threatening the Axis siege of Tobruk further west. That "wire" was the same wire erected by the Italians some two decades earlier.
I had watched movie about Omar Al Mokhtar when i was like 10?! It is one of the few movies that i still remember fully to this day! Long Live free Libya! Salam to u all!
I like when the camera "travels over" a map to show movement or connection between places, but I'm iffy about the "tilting" of the map. I think it looks better when the map is "flat"--facing the viewer directly and not askew. Just a minor observation. Your series is amazing!
Im 1 year late but this is incorrect, if you really want to joke with his surname then you have Graziani "Asses Grace" which can be described as "the one that free the asses from their pain"
Things make a lot more sense now that I understand more of the back story of WWII, while also confusing the heck out of me as to how these idiots could be put in power in the first place.
Man, a Roman mosque would have just been wild. While not diminishing the horrors of the fascists, it makes one wonder how things may have developed differently had it been built.
It's really hard to cover Japanese leaders individually, because as you will see soon, the country's leadership was very elusive, quite self-effacing, and acted strangely collectively.... but yes we will cover the Emperor somewhere down the road.
"Innocent" is quite a strong word here. While he definitely was not like Hitler or Mussolini, it can not be said that his opinion of the war and especially the horrors that the Japanese army was doing against the conquered people was always consistent. He might not have guilt of directly pushing the war, but he might have it for not doing much against it.
TimeGhost History was it though, after Tojo took over in 1941, the made the IRAA (a faction) into a totalitarian fascist party. The cult built around the ex prime minister/IRAA leader was transferred partly to him and partly to the movement as a whole. In 1942 Tojo created a women’s organization and a youth organization. It sound like from 1941-44, Italy and Japan were in a very similar state, with the biggest difference being that the Italian cult was more around Mussolini than Victor emmanuel, while in Japan Hirohito had the major cult and Tojo a smaller one, however that could have changed if Tojo had lasted as long as mussolini.
My great great great grandfather was a libyan general who fought for the rebels against italy. My family says that he was known as "the sword of victory " , and that he fought in 8 to 9 battles and that he was later captured and brought to prison , but that he then was let free and allowed to go back home. He aperantly controlled a large part of north west libya near the city of janzur (were my libyan family lives now).Please if you can find any information that would be much appreciated because i couldn't find any information about him on the internet. PS:love your videos you do a great job and keep up the good work. Been hear since ww1 and your content keeps getting better and better
I want someone to tell me what happened after the Allies defeated the Axis power in Libya , something tells me it is just impossible for the Allies to just give these people their land and let them be
The way the Italians ruthlessly pushed the native Libyans out of the way reminds me of Robert Moses imposing his vision on New York starting in the 1920s. The objections of the people he uprooted and the communities he destroyed meant nothing to him.
And nor did we claim that it was - its just that the French, Dutch and British did it earlier, so its not events we will cover (but we do cover the effects in several videos). One should always be careful about the thin line between reasonable analysis and whataboutism (thats where the previous reaction came from).
@@TimeGhost Thank you, my English is not the best. I thank you for your kind answer. I did state in my first comment that they had no rights to these territories so I just failed to see why The Apostle Infidel did not understand. My apologies.
What a great episode! It really made me ponder about the fact that nowadays some politicians call the migration of thousands of desperate people from the Libyan ports through the Mediterranean to reach the Italian coasts an "invasion". Clearly they did not study history.
The term was not used exclusively for Spain. The Byzantine Empire's western expansion under Justinian was named "Reconquista", a century before muslim caliphate conquered Spain.
After coming to power in 1969, Gaddafi tried to wipe out all memory of Mukhtar and the Sennusi. Now that Gaddafi has fallen, I wonder if the people of Libya have rediscovered this incredible though tragic part of their history.
Wrong, Gaddafi had the 10 dinar bill show the face of Omar Al Mukhtar and Gaddafi had one of the Italian politicians kiss the hand of Omars son. He always had Omar
please stop using the picture of the moroccan sultan as a picture related to libya and the senoussis you did it in the great war series too thank you guys you're doing great work
I'd honestly like to see the history of the legislation. It was to the best of my knowledge that the king retained certain powers, breaking up the complete monopoly of the centralization of power to a single dictator, which would be a break in the definition of totalitarian power.
As we approach one year of WW2 In Real Time we cannot express our gratitude for your support enough. It is the financial and spiritual involvement of the TimeGhost Army at www.patreon.com/TimeGhostHistory and timeghost.tv that has made it possible for us to do all of this - so thank you, once again!
This episode comes out as our WW2 series is covering the first battles in the North African theatre. The Second World War there will have major impact on world events between 1940 and 1944. And this is the second episode covering the background to the conflict in North Africa and the Middle East. We will return to Africa again, but before that we will look at what is going on in Germany, Japan and the USSR in the early 1930s - as some of you might already guess or know, those are dramatic times in those places and it is in these years that the world takes its first concrete steps towards the conflict that erupts into world war in 1939. And last, but not least; remember our rules:
STAY CIVIL AND POLITE we will delete any comments with personal insults, or attacks.
AVOID PARTISAN POLITICS AS FAR AS YOU CAN we reserve the right to cut off vitriolic debates.
HATE SPEECH IN ANY DIRECTION will lead to a ban.
RACISM, XENOPHOBIA, OR SLAMMING OF MINORITIES will lead to an immediate ban.
PARTISAN REVISIONISM, ESPECIALLY HOLOCAUST AND HOLODOMOR DENIAL will lead to an immediate ban
Graziani looks like a guy they just pulled out of a drunken bar fight. And from what little I've read of him, he was about as mean as one as well.
@TimeGhost History this has been one of your best quality episodes 👍
good luck with that..
Thank you @@indianajones4321 also for your faithful viewership! It's always a pleasure to see you pop in!
Can you guys talk about the mad mullah of Somalia who was a thorn on the British, Italian and Ethiopian. Also, his 20 yrs campaign against the imperialist. Finally, can you guys talk about the Italian colonization of Somalia.
Ottoman Empire after conquering Constantinople: “I’m Rome now!”
Benito Mussolini after the Ottoman Empire falls: “I guess that makes me protector of Islam.”
Doesn't now what's up I was born in Washington In Toppenish which is a native reservation, to parents that are from Michoacan Mexico and my last name is Galician and Portegues some how and I believe in Washingtons reform of laws your amazing you know.
XD
Now the circle is complete
@@AO00720 yeah, except a shitload of sultans, caliphs, emirs, khans....
@@AO00720 Sorry to break it to you, but Allah not only isn't real, but wouldn't be worth protecting even if he was.
One of the great what ifs of history. If only the Italians knew how much oil they were standing on in Libya.
They knew it since 1938 (thanks to a series of campaigns led by the geologist Ardito Desio, although they were looking for water), but it was not easy to extract with the technology of the time and WWII broke out anyway. Only by the late '50s Lybia started producing oil.
@@lmorandini this guy knows what's up my geologist uncle who worked in Lybia told me the same before
@@lamolambda8349 it's really sad what is happening to Libyans now.
@@lostboy4207 yeah my uncle left before the shit hit the fan said the situation was detiriorating during the time he spent there
My Saudi Arabia-based US Army task force in 1990-1991 had a water drilling unit. The first time they drilled for water, they hit oil within 300 meters of the surface. The second time, they hit water, pumped it for two weeks, then oil started coming out of the well. Someone pointed out to me that we NEVER saw a pump jack in Saudi Arabia. You see them all the time in West Texas, bringing up about 20 to 30 barrels per day - known as "stripper wells." There was no need to pump oil from the ground in Saudi Arabia in 1991. The locals were using gasoline/petrol that with subsidies only cost them about 0.13 USD per liter in 2019 dollars. Oil, oil, everywhere, and no water at all to drink.
Omar El Mukhtar is one hell of a national symbol.
@@KZ-xt4hl You should read Ahmad Sgawqi's poem "رَكَزوا رُفاتَكَ في الرِمالِ لِواءَ, يَستَنهِضُ الوادي صَباحَ مَساءَ" if you haven't already.
abdo m I hope you like it.
He could have run off to exile like Haile Selassie, but he chose to fight and resist.
@ⴰⵙⴰⴼⴰⵕ ⵏⴰⵔⴰⵖⴰⵙ Omar el mukhtar was like most North Africans today of Arabized berber ancestry. It seems mostly issolated berber tribes like the Rif and Kabyle kept their language
@ⴰⵙⴰⴼⴰⵕ ⵏⴰⵔⴰⵖⴰⵙ
If definition of Arab was invented by Nasser and Michel Aflaq, still better than your "Amazigh" one, invented by French anthropologists lol.
You guys were and are Berbers. And you used to claim origin from Yemen until the colonialist taught you about E3b1 haplogroup etcetera
The dreams (or illusions) of Mussolini to restore the Mare Nostrum, quickly lead to deterioration of relations with neighboring Greece. The two countries were already in competition over influencing/puppeting Albania, after the Great War. Greece even considered annexing parts of Albania, while Italy strongly guaranteed the country (only to almost annex it as a whole during WWII). Now under Mussolini, Italy was claiming the Ionian Islands/Eptanisa/Eptaneso, and possibly the Cyclades, all of which were once part of the Venetian Republic. Note that after the Italian-Ottoman War, besides Libya, Italy had acquired the predominantly Greek-populated Dodecanese Islands.
Tension were rising until in 1923 when the Corfu Incident took place. It began with the murder of the Italian General Tellini. After the Great War, Greece and Albania had constant border disputes, and Italy under Mussolini strongly suggested a tripart meeting (Italy-Albania-Greece) to solve all issues. Greece reluctantly agreed, and the meeting was scheduled within Greece near the Greco-Albanian borders. The Italian representative was the General Tellini, and while he was heading to the meeting was ambushed in his car and killed by gunfire along all his Italian collegues within Greek territory. Mussolini was furious and demanded Greece to 1) find and execute the murders, 2) publicly apologize for the murders, 3) military honor the dead in a public funeral mass in Athens, while allowing a whole italian squadron to arrive in Piraeus to pay its respects, 4) -most important of all - pay a 50M Lire compensation to the Italian state. Greece declared ignorance on the matter, refused to agree to any demands or pay anything other that some compensations to the victim families, as the crime had been done on Greek soil. Greece suggested that in case of disagreement, both nations should ask for the assistance of the League of Nations.
Frustrated and wanted to show strength, Mussolini ordered the bombardment and capture of the island of Corfu. Thus the Italian Navy invaded the island in late August 1923, killing in the process 16 civilians. After that Mussolini refused to leave if his demands were not met. Greece petitioned the League of Nations, and a committee was set up to find a solution. The final verdict of the commission declared that Greece was guilty and was forced to comply on all Italian demands, save for the funeral, which was held in Preveza, a small coastal town, and not Athens. Most important of all Greece was forced to pay 50M Lira to Italy, a big economic hit. Greece was already in a financial and social chaos after its defeat in the Greco-Turkish War in 1922 and the country was flooded by 1M homeless refugees and broke soldiers. Afterwards, the Italians left Corfu in late September.
The Corfu Incident gave a huge boost in the strongman image of Mussolini in Italy and in the world. The League of Nations was shown as too weak to stop any imperialist moves in the future and Greece was publicly humiliated. The murderers of Tellini were never found, but considering that Greece had nothing to gain and the murder would only place the country in a very difficult position, the whole affairs seems like a false-flag attack organized by Mussolini.
Italy and Greece would continue to grow increasingly hostile until Italy invaded Greece in October 1940.
Thanks for providing this elaborate background information. Well written.
@@TheCimbrianBull Thanks a lot. This was only one of the many failures of the League of Nations, "between Two Wars".
Good work. Thanks for the amplification.
Except that Greece had a lot to gain from murdering Tellini
Tellini was in favour of changing the Greco-Albanian border in favour of Albania
Thank you for posting this. I was completely ignorant of this part of Italian history.
I love learning with time ghost
That's a fresh cut Indy, cant wait for the day when you rock a mohawk
Lion of the Desert was an epic film.
Anthony Quinn as Muktar and Oliver Reed as Grassiani.
@@mikebell8012 yep, and rod steiger as curly howard
Scrolled through the comments looking for someone to mention that movie, was not disappointed. :D
And was banned from Italy until the early 2000s
@@FlagAnthem understandable, if you think about it
"We do not surrender, we win, or we die, and if we die generations after us will carry the flag and continue fighting" - Omar al Mulhtar , the lion of the desert
💯💯💯
When I see Italian atrocities in Lybia, I wonder what actually went so wrong in the world that just few years afterwards the Italians were the most merciful occupators that my grandfathers fought against. Compared to the Croatian ustasha regime and Nazis, Italians were rather "good guys".
Same in Greece, comparing to the Bulgarian and German occupiers, the Italians seemed a "light" version.
@Jack Flash How old are you?
Same here, both my grandfather and great-grandfather fought in the Yugoslav Partisan resistance against Italians occupying Dalmatia and my grandfather told me the same thing. As a matter of fact, many Italians that were present in the occupied Dalmatia at the time of Italy's capitulation joined the Yugoslav Partisan detachments and formed their own "Garibaldi Brigade" and assisted in the fight against Germans and our local collaborators. After Italian capitulation my grandfather befriended some of these Italians, they fought side by side and he even learned Italian language and assisted in the peaceful resolution of post-WW2 Trieste/Istria troubles. Judging from the historical facts presented in Indy's video I'd say that Fascist Italy simply used the tactic that they used in Libya when they utilized their Eritrean and Somalian subjects to do the fighting. Ustasha and Chetnik movements served the very same purpose in the occupied Yugoslavia, as can be witnessed on so many documented images showing local collaborator shooting squads doing the dirty execution work while the Italian overlords are watching on the side.
@@DarkSasori1 The Chetniks were used by the Italian command as auxiliaries, but the Ustasha acted completely on their own, in fact their interests often collided with the Italians'. James Burgwyin's "Empire on the Adriatic" examines these dynamics in great detail.
@Salmon The Italians were not into the whole extreme "scientific" racism thing, but they did freely partake in the more widespread kind of racism that was prevalent everywhere in Europe at the time, and that was a huge factor in why they were more humane to the Croats than to the Libyans and the Ethiopians.
Another incredible episode. Though I travelled to 44 countries, reading history along the way, I learn jaw dropping revelations in every show you produce. Thank you.
Thanks for watching with us @uhoh007! It's great to hear we can bring new things to people who take in a lot of history elsewhere too.
Your storytelling is remarquable! this video didnt feel like it was 20 minutes at all.Thank you for efforts and dedication to these historic subjects !!
Thanks @Jabal Tob9al, glad you're enjoying our work!
My beloved grandfather, born in 1931, died a few days ago. He was one of the last eye-witnesses of the bombing of Rotterdam in 1940--he was in a neighbouring town when it occured, remembering the days-long smoke and all the crying people that fled the city.
He was also one of the last people in the Netherlands that made puff pastry by hand.
He almost had to fight in the Indonesian War for Independence, but he failed to pass his medicals.
Thank you, Timeghost Team, for giving some immersion into the year 1931.
(Also, he was born on the 6th of June, so he had an interesting 13th birthday.)
Bless his memory
I am from Libya and my grandfather’s father was pushed by the Italians of top of mountain where he died. And my mom is father’s uncle got his head cut by Italians of that time
There is an old film called "Lion of the Desert" (1980) that dealt with Omar Mukthar's final years (1929-1931).
Anthony Quinn played Mukthar and Oliver Reed played General Rodolfo Graziani (The Governer of Libya) who was sent by Mussolini to quell the rebellion.
Rod Steiger has a cameo as Benito Mussolini. It was directed by Moustapha Akkad who was well known for producing the Halloween horror franchise. The depiction of the "Battle of Kufra" in the film was pretty brutal.
You know, something told me that this movie was banned in Italy. Googled it and won't you know...
The most underrated hero Omar al mukhtar
The African Campaign fascinates me. I can't wait for WW2 to cover it!
HRE for most of its history: neither holy nor Roman nor an empire
Mussolini: hold my beer
iwillnotkillyou CZ-En it never stopped being an empire although parts of its territory started to be controlled by foreign powers, and later one of its former vassals (the Hohenzollerns), who had taken over Brandenburg-Prussia and extracted it from vassalage of both Poland and the HRE/Austria, also got in on the fun and eventually took all german speaking territory except Austria-proper and german Bohemia (“Sudetenland”) away from the habsburgs. Of course by that point the Habsburg realm was known as the German confederation, after Napoleon had defeated the HRE/Austria (with the help of part of the empire who had turned on the habsburgs), 50 years earlier.
@@TheLocalLt it was a barely working mess, like the rest of europe for most of its written history.
@@TheLocalLt Vassalage OF Poland? It was shrunken to a Duchy; never a power player there, it had ceased to 'be' for 123 years as well.
JP51ism in the 1600s, Brandenburg/Prussia was not independent yet and was subservient to both the HRE/Austrian Habsburgs and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Later Prussia extracted itself from this situation and became Independent. Eventually it would wrestle control of the German states away from Austria, including the catholic south german states
Omar Mukhtar looks like old Anthony Quinn. I wonder if Syrian executive producer of Halloween film series have made film about him, with Oliver Reed as Rodolfo Graziani.
Yeah , I wonder if that Syrian would be called Mustafa alakkad for example.
@@nebras__ I wonder if Gathafi would cover all the film's costs.
@@peymanmostafaei6963 Gaddafi actually financed that film, all $35 million of it. Eventually the Italians apologized to the Libyans for their behaviour during that time.
@@tnecklover now Libyans are suffering at the hands of Egyptians, Saudi Arabia and the uae
Brilliant video! Between 2 Wars is becoming better and better every episode/video. I loved the Great War Especial videos, and production-wise, I think it now reaches the same levels of high-quality video of the great war channel
Thank you.
I like the atmosphere and factual authenticity of this show. The narration is superb. So is the writing and production. Well done in my book!
Thanks @Sam54!
Halfway down with the first season of B2W. I love what I seen so far and can't wait for another 29 days of great content (I've been watching one video a day).
Thanks for watching! We're glad you enjoy them
I'm surprised why there is thumbs down this is important why do they waste ther time here any way.
It's *...waste their time here anyway.
Waist refers to the middle section of a person.
Waste refers to rubbish/trash that people throw in the garbage.
You missed my point and I do have an Oxford Webster.
Don't drink and drive 😉
Wow! I always learn something from TimeGhost History.
I had had no idea that the Italians used primarily colonial troops from Eritrea and Somalia in Libya.
Everyone gets everything he wants.
I wanted a video, and for my sins, they gave me one.
Brought it up to me like room service.
It was a real choice video, and when it was over,
I'd always want another one.
Sicily... shit. I'm still only in Sicily.
*Colonel Kurtz wants to know your location*
@Victor Bruant The Horror, The Horror
@@indianajones4321 Hey, you briefed me for this mission ;-)
@Victor Bruant yes, and remember what the CIA guy said, “terminate with extreme prejudice”
Hello, Ciano is pronounce "Chano," just so you know. :) I know this from the audiobook version of Rise and Fall of the Third Reich.
@Coraru K Which is odd, considering "Ciao" is usually pronounced correctly
Coraru K if I was to pronounce ciano phonetically it would be Kiano
@Coraru K to be fair English isn't phonetically consistent at all. It's not our fault
This guy does an outstanding job mixing at pace though so many pronunciations of multiple languages while staying on point and being entertaining.. Far more eloquent than I could eve hope to be, I would have let that one slide :)
And here today the effects of this colonization from the West are still felt around the world.
Another great video! While I really like the WW2 stuff these are my favourite videos of yours. They are able to go into more depth and focus on one topic.
i can´t even begin to express my love for you lol. so informative and easy to follow! my history essay just got ten times easier to write!
Thank you, we're glad to help
A very high level, beautiful episode. In Italy there is very little talk of this whole thing. Videos to see! Greetings from Italy
I love your team. I can tell that y’all work extremely hard at eliminating bias and tell the history as it is not as one wished it might.
Thank you!
Another amazing episode on such an interesting and underrated topic.
R. I. P Omar Mukhtar
Outstanding and detailed video guys! Congrats from Italy. I have one tip for you regarding italian pronunciation. Letter "C" in italian is not pronounced like an "S" (as in spanish or even english), for example you pronounce Galeazzo CIANO more like the english "CH" like "Chamber" or the widespread "CIAO"
Crazy how much an old 73 year old guy could cause so much trouble to a world power.
Thank you for making these awesome videos, not even my former history teachers were this good, keep up with the good work!
Thank you!
This day just got a whole lot better
Thanks for this elaborated episode on colonizations in Italian Libya!
Would You cover British Egypt between the wars the same way, as a prelude to the WWII desert war? Today it seems that there was a big gap after Cleopatra until Gamal Abdel Nasser ... many forgotten histories.
We already did in the epode about Carving up the Middle East, ua-cam.com/video/y6tSvRbvh2s/v-deo.html but it will be might be touched upon again.
The entire history of North Africa and the Middle East between the fall of Rome and the early twentieth century is almost completely ignored in Western historiography (the only things that kinda merit a passing mention in the meantime are the rise of Islam, the first few crusades, the fall of Constantinople and the Napoleonic invasion of Egypt).
2:50 Don't forget the Dodecanese!
Indy
Thank you for your wonderful team efforts to make history something fun
There was movie in 1981 that dealt with this subject; it was LION OF THE DESERT starring Anthony Quinn as Omar Mukhtar and Rod Steiger as Benito Mussolini.
I can't wait for the Italo-Abyssinian war in a few years. Such a little covered battlefield, though not as unknown as this one. It's interesting how concentration camps, forced relocations and manufactured famines were always standard practice in colonial warfare, regardless of which power was doing the colonizing, both before and after WW2.
Excellent Episode Indeed. There was a very good movie made in 1981 called "Lion of The Desert" Starring Oliver Reed , Anthony Quin and Rod Steiger. Covering this most interesting part of 20th Century History!
i am a Libyan here ,the Libyan population was halfed by gratiazzni and not tens of thousands
what part of Libya?
tripoli
@@marhabacarpet8593
anti -haftar?
@@marhabacarpet8593 hopefully
@@marhabacarpet8593yeah tripoli is anti haftar
مع السلامة يا ايندي باشا!
Thanks for this video. I'm Italian and I did not know (nor, it pains me to admit, think about) of the crimes of my country during the colonisation years - in school it's just presented as "oh, we colonised a couple places in Africa too".
Better late than never, and your sentiment is appreciated.
Just a brief comment for the team regarding maps such as the one at about 1:30. These colours are not a good choice. The eye and brain automatically register the light blue areas as being the sea, so that (I at least) have difficulty even recognising the very familiar outline of the Mediterranean. The light blue lands adjacent to the dark blue seas also work against rapid recognition. Otherwise great work and love the show.
Good point, thanks for the feedback :)
Great series. Would you possibly do an episode on Smedley P Butler at some point. I'm sure you know who he was..?
Four words...War Is A Racket
WOW awesome episode amazing
Like a slugger in the number four batting position Indy and gang knocks it out of the park! Bon jornou!
@Joe Barilari - Bon giorno to you, too!
Excellent post! The 350 mile long barbed wire fence along the Libyan-Egyptian border was colloquially known as "the wire" long after it was abandoned following the subjugation of Senussi insurgents from Cyrenaica in 1930. During the confused fighting of Operation Crusader (Nov./Dec. 1941) Rommel made his famous "Dash to the Wire" in an ill fated attempt to capture British ammo & supply dumps and threaten cut-off of British, Australian, New Zealand, and South African then threatening the Axis siege of Tobruk further west. That "wire" was the same wire erected by the Italians some two decades earlier.
Great video like always .Thanks Indy !!
I had watched movie about Omar Al Mokhtar when i was like 10?! It is one of the few movies that i still remember fully to this day! Long Live free Libya! Salam to u all!
Just watched it and I have to say, it brought me to tears !
Wa-alaikum Salam to you, brother ! ^_^
"They make a desert, and they call it peace." An appropriate quote, I'd say.
Great show man, subbing with haste!
Great job , but I looked for second and third part I did not find it!!! this video mintioned as 1 of 3 , thank you
Of the year 1931. The 2nd episode is about Japan -> ua-cam.com/video/vVgCy6iwrHQ/v-deo.html
Will the Dicktionary come back soon? (just that I hope to have at least one A-Z run, but it has so much potential had everyone the time to run it)
we're on it!
Outstanding...don't forget to tell about the movie "Lion of the Desert" with Anthony Quinn...historicly correct.
Once again Indy and team have surpassed any thing out out on the (air quotes) history channel. And now Indy is drinking shai and speaking Arabic.
That's just how we try to roll... we do what we can and so does HC ;-)
@@TimeGhost That's what he does. He drinks and he knows things...
Amen Valantis, amen...
I like when the camera "travels over" a map to show movement or connection between places, but I'm iffy about the "tilting" of the map. I think it looks better when the map is "flat"--facing the viewer directly and not askew. Just a minor observation. Your series is amazing!
Daniel has heard the feedback and changes things for the next episode.
Vengo dalla Libia🇱🇾 e amo molto l'italiano🇮🇹⚘
Boh pensavo che voi odiavate gli italiani... siccome che noi vi abbiamo colonizzato
Hello I'm from Libya lol
@@vladimirmakarov334 مرحبا حتي نا من ليبيا
@@a7medalcapone424 أهلا وسهلا ي اخي كريم
تحب ناس قتلو ليبيين زيك، لا حول ولا بوة الا بالله
It would be nice if you could recommend some movies about these historical figures or events.
Lion of the Desert (1980)
Fascinating video!
Manifest destiny keeps coming up in history. Time and time again
Yeah, but Grazieanni had to live his whole life with a last name that meant, "Thank you, Years."
Im 1 year late but this is incorrect, if you really want to joke with his surname then you have Graziani "Asses Grace" which can be described as "the one that free the asses from their pain"
.love you guys
Right back at you!
When Indy met Spartacus at a brothel. Were they inspired by being "Between 2 whores"?
I'll get my coat...
This is royal!
The unbeatable Indie .... I love him...
Things make a lot more sense now that I understand more of the back story of WWII, while also confusing the heck out of me as to how these idiots could be put in power in the first place.
16:13 Some days I feel like I simply do not understand Benito Mussolini
Edit: ok I see now, it kind of makes more sense given the geopolitical context
Man, a Roman mosque would have just been wild. While not diminishing the horrors of the fascists, it makes one wonder how things may have developed differently had it been built.
Likely propaganda, like most of Mussolini's plans it was all hot air.
A proto Donald Trump if you will.
@@Madhattersinjeans Hurr Durr Orange man bad
@@cattledog901
SOMETHING SOMETHING TRUMP IS RESPONSIBLE FOR CLIMATE CHANGE DUUURRR
@@ProtomanButCallMeBlues ?
i like how you ended with masalama
The maps around 8:45 are either way too much zoomed or not enough detailed
Maybe both ;-)
Love this. Would love to see one on the Irish war Independence and civil war
Will you guys talk about Hirohito? Some people claim he was innocent and never wanted a war.
*Snoopy wants to know your location*
Some claim Meji didn't want war too
It's really hard to cover Japanese leaders individually, because as you will see soon, the country's leadership was very elusive, quite self-effacing, and acted strangely collectively.... but yes we will cover the Emperor somewhere down the road.
"Innocent" is quite a strong word here. While he definitely was not like Hitler or Mussolini, it can not be said that his opinion of the war and especially the horrors that the Japanese army was doing against the conquered people was always consistent. He might not have guilt of directly pushing the war, but he might have it for not doing much against it.
TimeGhost History was it though, after Tojo took over in 1941, the made the IRAA (a faction) into a totalitarian fascist party. The cult built around the ex prime minister/IRAA leader was transferred partly to him and partly to the movement as a whole. In 1942 Tojo created a women’s organization and a youth organization. It sound like from 1941-44, Italy and Japan were in a very similar state, with the biggest difference being that the Italian cult was more around Mussolini than Victor emmanuel, while in Japan Hirohito had the major cult and Tojo a smaller one, however that could have changed if Tojo had lasted as long as mussolini.
Rodolfo Graziani (10:46) should have become an actor, he looks like Robert DeNiro had a son with Richard Gere.
My great great great grandfather was a libyan general who fought for the rebels against italy. My family says that he was known as "the sword of victory " , and that he fought in 8 to 9 battles and that he was later captured and brought to prison , but that he then was let free and allowed to go back home. He aperantly controlled a large part of north west libya near the city of janzur (were my libyan family lives now).Please if you can find any information that would be much appreciated because i couldn't find any information about him on the internet. PS:love your videos you do a great job and keep up the good work. Been hear since ww1 and your content keeps getting better and better
Where do u live now?
Don't worry its non alcoholic 🤣
Next episode ends with alcohol !
I want someone to tell me what happened after the Allies defeated the Axis power in Libya , something tells me it is just impossible for the Allies to just give these people their land and let them be
The way the Italians ruthlessly pushed the native Libyans out of the way reminds me of Robert Moses imposing his vision on New York starting in the 1920s. The objections of the people he uprooted and the communities he destroyed meant nothing to him.
Those paintings are magnificent , Who ?
How is the Italian and Japanese seizing territory that they have no right to, different then what Britain, France, and the Dutch had done?.
Doesn't justify the seizing of territory by Italian and Japanese
@@alaa3889 I have re-read my statement and can not find any assertion I have made that claims it was.
And nor did we claim that it was - its just that the French, Dutch and British did it earlier, so its not events we will cover (but we do cover the effects in several videos). One should always be careful about the thin line between reasonable analysis and whataboutism (thats where the previous reaction came from).
@@TimeGhost Thank you, my English is not the best. I thank you for your kind answer. I did state in my first comment that they had no rights to these territories so I just failed to see why The Apostle Infidel did not understand. My apologies.
Wrong Track no need to apologize, we were just explaining, and your English is fine!
What a great episode! It really made me ponder about the fact that nowadays some politicians call the migration of thousands of desperate people from the Libyan ports through the Mediterranean to reach the Italian coasts an "invasion". Clearly they did not study history.
Clearly many people didn't - it humbles you when you do - we should all study more history! And thanks for enjoying.
And Thank Very Much Troy from the toppest part of my soul... . Or something.?!
That's a hell of a stove, Indy
Hey Indy, what kind of coffee are you drinking there?
Will you make videos about Spain in the 30's?
17:25 Sing along!
Ömer Muhtar tarihte en başarılı gerilla liderlerinden birisi idi. onu çok seviyoruz
E contro i turchi che faceva? Dormiva 💤
You shouldn't apply modern concepts of "colony" to the Roman Empire. Their provincial system was something completely different from modern colonies
You're absolutely right - that's an anachronism.
Please make a video about the Italian colony Eritrea
'riconquista' is spanish and never used by italians... also, libya became an italian colony in 1911, 9 years BEFORE Mussolini took power in italy
The term was not used exclusively for Spain. The Byzantine Empire's western expansion under Justinian was named "Reconquista", a century before muslim caliphate conquered Spain.
After coming to power in 1969, Gaddafi tried to wipe out all memory of Mukhtar and the Sennusi. Now that Gaddafi has fallen, I wonder if the people of Libya have rediscovered this incredible though tragic part of their history.
Joshua Condell Because the Sennusi were the people he overthrow in 1969.
Dont lie. Gaddafi even went on a trip
where a Picture of Omar Al Mukhtar was on his shirt
Wrong, Gaddafi had the 10 dinar bill show the face of Omar Al Mukhtar and Gaddafi had one of the Italian politicians kiss the hand of Omars son. He always had Omar
And to add, Gaddafi completely financed the film Lion of the desert. All thr 35 milliok usd was covered by him
"Lion of the Desert" with Anthony Quinn and Oliver Reed tell the story of the reconquest of Libya.
It's quite disgusting what the European powers do to these people
Did to these people. Who are long dead.
@@AK-hi7mg still awful acts
I don’t like the new map effects. The resolution is not high enough, and the unnecessary movement and especially the angle shifts are distracting.
please stop using the picture of the moroccan sultan as a picture related to libya and the senoussis you did it in the great war series too
thank you guys you're doing great work
Where is the photograph of the moroccan sultan?
The bell implies acceptance of push notifications. "The answer is sperical and in the plural".
I'd honestly like to see the history of the legislation. It was to the best of my knowledge that the king retained certain powers, breaking up the complete monopoly of the centralization of power to a single dictator, which would be a break in the definition of totalitarian power.
Omar coming yo!
06:18 Eritreans dont eat as much as Italians? Most in the world dont eat as much as Italians..