Anatomy of the Heart - External & Internal Structures

Content:
0:00 Introduction
0:33 Blood Circulation System
2:57 External Structures of the Heart
4:51 Internal Structures of the Heart
5:51 Right Atrium
10:35 Right Ventricle
14:18 Left Atrium
15:35 Left Ventricle
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The images featured in this video are sourced from the Complete Anatomy program by ‪@CompleteAnatomyElsevier‬, used under licensed permission.
Blood Circulation in the Body:
- Pulmonary Circulation (Circulus Sanguid Minor):
○ Deoxygenated blood comes from the body into the right atrium through the superior and inferior vena cava.
○ Blood goes through the Tricuspid valve into the right ventricle
○ The right ventricle pumps blood through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery
○ The pulmonary artery pumps blood into the lungs
- Circulus Sanguis major (Systemic Circulation):
○ Blood comes from the lungs into the left Atria
○ The left atria send blood through the bicuspid valve into the left ventricle.
○ The left ventricle sends blood through the Aortic Valve into the Aorta
○ Aorta sends blood to the body again
External Structures of the Heart:
- Apex of the Heart (Apex Cordis)
- Base of the Heart (Basis Cordis)
- Pulmonary Surface (Facies Pulmonalis)
- Sternocostal Surface (Facies Sternocostalis)
- Diaphragmatic Surface (Facies Diaphragmatica)
- Right Border of the heart / Right Margin of the heart (Margo Dexter Cordis)
- Coronary Sulcus (Sulcus Coronarius)
- Anterior Interventricular Sulcus (Sulcus Interventricularis Anterior)
- Posterior Interventricular Sulcus (Sulcus Interventriculare Posterior)
Internal Structures of the Heart:
- Septum of the Heart (Septum Cordis)
○ Interventricular Septum (Septum Interventriculare)
§ Muscularis Part (Pars Muscularis)
§ Membranous Part (pars Membranacea)
○ Interatrial Septum (Septum Interatriale)
Anatomy of the right atrium:
- Anterior Wall: Right Auricle (Auricula Dextra)
- Lateral Wall: Right Auricle (Auricula Dextra)
○ Pectinate Muscle (Musculus Pectinati) in the auricle
- Superior Wall: Opening of Superior Vena Cava (Ostium Vena Cava Superioris)
- Posterior Wall:
○ Opening of Inferior Vena Cava (Ostium Vena Cava Inferiores)
○ Sinus of Vena Cava (Sinus Venarum) (Sinus Venarum Cavarum)
○ Terminal Crest (Crista Terminalis)
○ Valve of the Inferior Vena Cava (Vulva Venae Cavae Inferioris)
- Medial Wall: Interatrial Septum
○ Oval Fossa (Fossa OValis)
○ Border of Fossa Ovale (Limbius Fossa Ovale)
○ Opening for Coronary Sinus (Ostium Sinus Coronarii)
○ Valve for the coronary sinus (Vulva Sinus Coronarii)
○ Openings of smallest cardiac veins (Foramina Venarum Minmarum)
- Inferior Wall:
○ Right Atrioventricular Opening (Ostium Atrioventriculare Dextrum)
○ Tricuspid Valve
Right Ventricle:
- Base:
○ Right Atrioventricular Opening
○ Opening of Pulmonary Trunk (Ostium Trunci Pulmonalis)
- Trabeculae Carneae
- Papillary Muscles (Musculi Papillares)
- Tricuspid Valve
○ Anterior cusp
○ Posterior cusp
○ Septal cust
○ Formed by Endocardium
○ Fibrous Ring (Anulus Fibrosus)
○ Tendinous Chord (Chordae Tendineae)
- Pulmonary Valve
○ Semilunar Cusps
○ Fibrous Ring
○ Nodules of the semilunar valve (Noduli Vulva Semilunaris)
○ Sinuses of Pulmonary Trunk (Sinus Trunci Pulmonalis)
Left Atrium
- Anterior Wall:
○ Left Auricle (Auricula Sinister)
○ Pectinate Muscle
- Posterior Wall:
○ Pulmonary Veins
○ Openings of Pulmonary Veins (Ostia Venarum Pulmonalium)
- Medial Wall:
○ Interatrial Septum
- Anterior Wall:
○ Left Atrioventricular Opening (Ostium Atrioventriculare Sinister)
○ Mitral Valve
Left Ventricle
- Left Atrioventricular Opening
○ Bicuspid Valve (Mitral Valve)
○ Anterior Cusp (Cuspis Anterior)
○ Posterior Cusp (Cuspis POsterior)
○ Commissural Cusps (Cuspides Comissurales)
- Aortic Opening (Ostium Aortae)
○ Aortic Vestibule (Vestibulum Aortae)
○ Aortic Valve (Vulva Aortae)
○ Right Semilunar Cusp
○ Posterior Semilunar Cusp
○ Left Semilunar Cusp
- Trabeculae Carneae
- Papillary Muscles
- Tendinous Chords
Sources used in this video:
- Memorix Anatomy 2nd Edition by Hudák Radovan (Author), Kachlík David (Author), Volný Ondřej (Author)
- Complete Anatomy by 3d4medical
- Biorender
- University notes and lectures

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