Fun fact: Czech and Slovak have the best chemical nomenclature in the world where you can deduce oxidation numbers just from the ending of the word. All thanks to Jan Svatopluk Presl, a Czech scientist who lived in 19th century. He also translated a lot of foreign scientific names and invented new words from Slavic roots for animals, plants, elements.
I - ný II - natý III - itý IV - ičitý V - ěčný, ičný VI - ový VII - istý VIII - ičelý Na2O oxid dusný CO oxid uhelnatý Fe2O3 oxid železitý CO2 oxid uhličitý P2O5 oxid fosforečný Etc. (im too lazy) Some more complex chemicals: NaH3Si2O8 trihydrodikřemičitan sodný
I hate the system, it makes everything so unnecesairly chaotic - instead of easily comunicating the name of the chemical, you have to do math in your head to calculate the insanely complex name. Also you have to then learn the normal, international way if you want to acually get into science.
@@jakubjilek7499 in Poland we used to had prefix with quantity of element but it's really archaism now. Today we only use like "dwutlenek węgla" on CO2 and only for small talks, in sience we say "tlenek wegla (IV)", the valence or quantity isn't actually part of the name, the prefix or sufix and I could tell it would be much harder if we had still such way. Some people in jokes tells "tlenek diwodoru" as water, H2O, but as such way is simply archaism, barely anyone could name it such way just on fly on something
The longer the element has been known and used, the more diversity there is in the words for it. Elements discovered quite recently have much the same name in all languages. 'Mercury' was also referred to by the Germanic term 'Quicksiver' in English until the Latin word became more fashionable.
Yep, in the Balkans we call it Ziva (well, Zhiva) which means alive(-ish?) I didn't realize that it came short from until I saw from Slovenia that they literally used "Zhivo Srebro" which means live silver, so Zhiva is like the shorter of it 😊 What surprised me was Russia used the word Olovo (which means Lead) to describe something else, and Glin in Polish (which sounds like Clay to me - Glina) to describe Aluminum
@@marmar340 The old word accurately describes what the element looks like - liquid silver which flows very quickly. Later, they discovered that silver and mercury are completely different elements, so the term mercury was preferred.
@@TheAmazingSilvaDagger A great description of mercury. It occurs to me that 'quick' used to mean 'alive' in English too ('the quick and the dead') so perhaps it meant the same.
@@apollonxyz vapna=lime=СаО, hlinaziom=alumina=Al2O3, horkaja sol' (traditional household chemical and laxative medicine)=Epsom salt=MgSO4 in Belarusian. I assume the same thing happens in other Slavic languages, traditional names of metals are replaced by scientific borrowings, but the substances remain.
White gold is different though, that's a mixture of metals, lefkochrysos is a mineral, there is quite a confusion as with regards to their names because jewelers are jackasses and have malformed the names to suit their business, that drilled down to common speech.
You think that is weird, the Silver in Germanic and Srebro in Slavic and Silubra in Baltic, and here's the kicker, Azruf in Proto-Berber and Zilar in Basque.. It's probably one of the oldest European Words in existence because we simply do not know the origin of it, even the old Celtic language of Celtiberian that was spoken in Spain had Silabur.
@@Xezlecnot really, it's the Dutch variant of Y for most intents and purposes. Its only weird cause of keyboards forcing the use of two letters to represent it.
I look at Kazakhstan, Turkey and Balkans to find out which words came to balkans from turks. If all 3 use the same word it probably means turks brought the word.
@@jondo7680 Nice reasoning! But it is hard to think Russia changed the word in Türkiye as well cuz unlike Azerbaycan or Kazakhstan, Türkiye was not invaded by Russia
@@Qmarexx in polish Glina (not glin) is also a clay. But not only - in polish slang "glina" also means a cop or policeman and is used quite often when we talk about police 😀
@@user-glg20 That's curious because in German gangster language "geleimt" (literally "glued") means caught by police/authorities. Leim (glue) and Lehm (clay) are etymologically connected. Both sticky and slimy.
@@RideeeMK No aluminium xD. A tak serio myślę, że to jest nazwane z tego względu, że aluminium jest dość plastyczne jak na metal ale też musi być odpowiednio przygotowane jak glina, więc sobie wykombinował, że będzie to glin i wuj xD
To make it more clear for non-Polish speakers: Glin - Elemental aluminium Aluminium - actual metal. It's the same difference, as carbon and coal in English
German, 60. It is extremely instructive that the elements, which could only be described scientifically at a very late stage because they are difficult to visualise in elementary terms, sound more or less the same throughout the language area; whereas the precious metals, which even occur in solid form due to their properties and were therefore discovered very early in history, sound different everywhere. On the one hand, this shows the power of scientific communication with its technical and political organisation, and on the other, the nature of language as the memory of peoples. A truly impressive video!
@@unitariansavage8513 OK-OK First Christian country in whole world Armenia which adopts Christianity in 301 is an Asian country))) And your beloved Russland which has border with Korea and China with Mongolia iS EUROPEAN)))) Russian are europeans because of their pink clored skin maybe? Please advise))) Dont you know that Iran is Islamic country ? With strong influence of sharia? I dont have any disrespect to Islam, but please dont put Armenia as an so called "oriental" country. Have you ever been in Armenia? Or you just telling bullshit , just because you are not so educated?
The Caucasus does not geographically belong to Europe, the border runs along the valley of the Manych River in Russia, and then passes into the Ural mountains
This is only because Greek doesn't have a letter for the h sound; the letter Hη (eta) is more of an ei sound, so aspiration is noted by an apostrophe curving to the right over the first vowel of a word. The latinization should be hydrargyros
"higany" was specifically created during the 18th century language reforms and one of the factors in choosing that word was this reason. the other factor was that the root "híg" means "diluted"/"fluidy" which is a reference to the nature of mercury and its low melting point
Apart from some errors, one of the best videos of that kind I've ever seen. The idea with somewhat distantly related word groups colored in different but similar colors is very good.
Great video! A few comments about Greek. Argilio is used for Al only in science books, for every other purpose Aluminio is used, like the rest of Europe. The opposite stands for silver, where Asimi is the commonly used word, but the proper Greek word is Argiros, probably were Argento and the rest come from. Interestingly, Argiros survives (as most older Greek words that have been replaced) in composite words. Hence we have Ydr(o)-Argiros = The water/liquid silver for Hg and Pseud(o) - Argiros = The fake/false silver for Zn. Finally, most craftsmen would used Tsigos (as the other countries) for Zn and Kalai (from Turkish) for Sn.
You were able to see tools made of these elements all around in streets everywhere in last 500 years. It is surely an impact of centuries of Ottoman rule in region.
the ottoman empire, was one of the biggest empires ever, and we earned the place. but alas, hard times create strong men. strong men create easy times. easy times create weak men. weak men create hard times.
2:00 fun fact: Italian “rame” is related to Romanian “aramă” both deriving from arāmen in Latin. In Romanian it’s not really copper, it’s more like brass, the alloy made from copper and zinc. People used to use it interchangeably with “cupru” until like 20th century when cupru just became the dominant word, due to being more modern
My dictionary says it comes from spoken Latin *aes, aeris, aeramen* --> aramen --> rame, rather than literary Latin *cuprum* , and exists in other indoeuropean languages too, so it might have older roots than Latin.
This is the benefit of artificial languages. You just lift the ancient original words into your vocabulary and done, if you had a different one before, just replace them. Then you can start proving that you are the only direct descendants, look we have the same words, unlike the corrupted Italian, Spanish, French words we have the originals.
@batrider322 It also has that meaning in Azerbaijani, although we use the word "qırmızı" instead. We still call roses "qızılgül" tho which means "red flower"
@@Efsaanehman its actually so great seeing another branch of the old turkish! because i can somewhat read it and understand it. you said qızılgül, which means red rose, and in turkish, its written as kızıl gül. thats crazy! basically your q is our k. i bet if we encountered each other on the street, we would be able to talk to each other in our respective languages.
@@batrider322im turkish and qızıl is basically kızıl, and there is a bit of difference with kızıl and kırmızı. kızıl is a deeper red, a more blood kind of red. while kırmızı is a more tame red
4:47 in spanish you can also call silver "argento" but its an old word that is mostly used in literature, nobody uses it outside of that context. Something like quicksilver and mercury I think Edit: this is actually where the name of the country of Argentina comes from
@MappingEagle Not quite, there is a city called La Plata and a river called Rio de la Plata in Argentina. So Argentina and La Plata are not synonyms exactly.
"Πλατίνα" is the unofficial name for platinum im Greek The official name is "Λευκόχρυσος" which means white gold Also we do say Aluminium as well as Αργίλιο The most common name is Aluminium tho No one calls it Argilio Also Asimi is again the unofficial name We also call it Άργυρος when we want to refer to the element itself most of the time We also use the latin name for Zinc We use ψευδαργυρος too but we also say tsingos unofficially
The Hungarian word as far as I can tell used to start with an s which was regularly lost it's distantly related to fhe green word however also gold and yellow in English all pf these ultimately referring to it as a shiny thing except the blue and pink ones are I'm fairly certain unrelated.
In Finish there is also older word for copper: vaski - though it can also mean bronze or brass. I think the Hungarian word for iron is of the same origin.
In Ukrain, we use two words "kal'tsiy" and "vapno", first it's like a chemical element, second - like a useful thing. The same situation with "natriy" and "soda".
Germanic and South Slavic words for Mercury - quecksilver, živo srebro, živa, etc - all have the same origin in direct translation of "argentum vivum" = live silver.
Estonian: * "Soodium" is lesser used older alternative for naatrium. * Older (ancient) term for the iron was "vask" (related to Hungarian "vas"), but latter Germanic term "raud" (from "red") was adopted for it, whereas "vask" became to mean copper (earlier on, copper was known by compound word, "punavask" - "red copper"). Furthermore, "vask" likley meant "a metal" more broadly. * Well, the previous point again kinda. I'm surprised about that linking with the Baltic languages, considering that Estonian one descend from one of the oldest Uralic terms (chances are that it was broader Eurasian wanderword even before that). It makes to wonder, whether and what might have been role of Baltic languages in that shift. There's an old saying among artisans (eg: blacksmiths) which I don't remember anymore, that went something like: "vask on veri ja raud on ? ..." (Copper is blood, iron is ...) I think that this saying had to do with considering the copper as some sort of "animator", "life-giver", or "soul-provider" for the creation (made of iron). Again, don't remember well enough, but it notes known link between copper and blood. Furthermore, there's synonym for red: "verev", derived from word "veri" (blood). * Barely existing and well dated synonym for the "kaltsium" was "lupium" (from estonian "lubi"(calx); this shows in that calcification in estonian is "lupjumine". Also colloquialy, when not speaking about pure chemical element, but more broadly, "lubi" is used over "kaltsium"). * Zinc, for tsink there essentially entirely non-used synonym "ebahõbe" (false-silver), itself most likely a calqe from Greek. * Elavhõbe (lively silver) is a calque from German. * Older term for the tin was "inglistina" ("English tin"; ~"angelic tin"), differing from "seatina" (lead). Colloquially often both are still referred just as "tina", and older terms or alternatives frequently enough used for specifying. * Synonym of "plii" is "seatina"(~piglead) - don't know, but looks like calqe from Slavic. "Angelic tin" vs "pigtin" carried contrast of pure vs dirty/toxic.
Vask may have its cognates in Indoeuropean if the initial V was dropped, S often became rhotic and K was dissimilated. So Latin argentum, Greek argyros and German Erz may be related, if these are some stone age words and people had one word for all metal they knew. Erz means ore or any metal or its source. Unrelated to vask, German also has the archaic "ehern" = made from metal/ore, which may be related with the Norse word for iron.
I noticed something in addition to my previous comment: High German "Erz" may be cognate of Low German "ort". Ort in modern German means place or village, but originally meant point, as in the pointy end of a sword, spear or arrowhead. Ortstein is the Low German word for hardpan, the most common iron ore in Northern Germany (bacterial iron-rich concrement formed beneath the sandy upper layer of the podsol). So the word for pointy weapon may have evolved into the word for ore and metal. This would also indicate that early Germanic metal industry ran mostly on iron, because it was locally available and relatively easy to mine. For copper and bronze we have foreign words, because our ancestors obtained these metals from trade.
@@naturbursche5540 yes. The "raud" for iron. There seems to be thinking that it actually might be even older loan from Indo-European languages in the proximity, and possibly may have meant ironore (or even of certain metals more broadly). Likley from when Germanic and Baltic might have been still closer languages to oneanother. There's additional loans of the kind, like roosa (pink), rooste (rust), and roos (🌹; geometric shape; skin condition/illment; +) - but those should be latter adoptions. Conceptually, in colloquial language (simpler daily speech), "raud" is used in broader meaning for various utility metals, or something which resamples it, than just for the iron more specifically - I understand that this concept is fairly common in Germanic languages as well (although, particular nuances may differ somewhat). ___ Connection with the blades and sharp tools is interesting also. Some time ago I stumbled upon a map shared online. Although it wasn't about Germanic nor Uralic, but various eastern languages, like Persian, Turkic, some Slavic, and various Siberian languages, as well as native American. It seemed to discuss ancient term for a blade or knife (common derivations from possible common ancient root term, initially meaning metal). The term which they discussed there, by my memory, seemed rather close to the proto-Uralic and possible Indo-European cognate. As for Uralic, namely Finnic, there's also at least vaguely similar term as well: Estonian "väits" and Finnish "veitsi", also some other terms which have to do with sharmness and cutting (but current etymological theories doesn't seem to make such connections though). Alas, I didn't know to think too much about that map back then, and thus haven't saved it nor references to it. Regrettable, as it would've been at least curious to study further now. Anyhow, quite interesting.
This really shows, that in matters of materials people would be using each day, Turkish actually affected Balkans. Tin is Kalay and copper is Bakır in most Because those, were also materials Turks were known to be famous for even when they were in Asia Words like gold and silver are the most diverse, because guess what, those stuff were important for all languages so they have words for them But Platinum, is way more homogenous because, it's new
In the contrast,South Slavs seems to "infect" Turkish word for Mercury,since "'živa" means "alive" or "living"(Slovenian word for mercury literally means "living silver",other South Slavs just dropped "silver" part...)
@@Weeboslav Not all South Slavs infect words from Turkish. Word baker into Slovene came via Serbo-Croatian. Word is "ruden, med". "Živo srebro" also could be "sijoček, belik" etc...
You can easily see which metals were discovered after the Renaissance, because there weren't as much reasons for them to diverge, though some like Sodium still diverged because they had some more known common thing it came from...
You see most of the element names in Turkish with Turkic origin are predominantly metals. I guess this is the case for all the nations with decent blacksmithing background.
4:01 polish people mostly use aluminium as the word, glin is more rare and the same as the word for clay, i only seen it used once in that context in a chemistry book. love your vids keep it up
I see that Czechs and Slovaks like diminutives. If it will be read by some Czech or Slovak, how do you call oxidized versions? Because in Polish, we use diminutive version for it, so glinek (for Al, aluminide), tlenek (for O, oxide), wodorek (for H, hydride), siarczek (for S, sulfide), azotek (for N, nitride), złotek (for Au, auride) etc...
It's the same case as word "case" (in Czech/Slovak: "případ/pripad"), which in Polish is used only in diminutive form: "przypadek". Because in Polish non-diminutive form "przypad" is not used :) Therefore "diminutive" is a very relative term, the same as "passion for diminutives" :)
@@magpie_girl3741 As south Slav, these diminutive-sounding words that appear all the time in Polish, Czech, Slovak sound so funny. I always have the association of the way that little kids would talk. Not meaning disrespect, just how it sounds to me.
More than half of the Caucasus calls Gold "ALTUN". It is very interesting that all Turks speak the same language even from thousands of kilometers away.
@@kangang337 Turkics tend to be easy to adapt difficult to assimilate. We tend to be conquering part mostly and had a migrating life for a long time probably due to that.
Металлы открытые недавно у всех звучат примерно одинаково(алюминий, цинк, платина, литий, и др). А известные с древности у всех по своему (медь, золото, серебро, ртуть, олово, свинец). Исключений Я пока не знаю.
@@artemmayboroda5217 Судя по всему,просто они очень похожи друг на друга,так же быстро плавятся,как я понял слово свинец тоже имеет происхождение от олова,свинец - свиное олово,слово олово отпало и осталось только свинец.
In Romanian there is also (quite often used) ARAMĂ. And for mercury, hidrargir is also used (less frequently). Also, for Tin we have both staniu and cositor.
4:01 If Argìlio even exists in new Greek, nobody is using it... Alumìnio is the only word used nowadays in all forms of the language (formal, informal, written, spoken)...
Since the video didn't include Basque, here you go: Na - Sodio Fe - Burdin Li - Litio K - Potasio Pt - Platino Cu - Kobre Ca - Kaltzio Cr - Kromo Au - Urre Al - Aluminio Ti - Titanio Ag - Zilar Zn - Zink Mg - Magnesio Ni - Nikel Hg - Merkurio Co - Kobalto Sn - Eztainu Mn - Manganeso Pb - Berun Pd - Paladio
Albanian ari comes from Latin aurum, just like the various forms of or. It's not cognate with Hungarian arany at all, which is an ancient Finno-Ugric word. Same with ólom, unrelated to Latin plomba (although we also have that term, and pióm for plumb-line too). Interestingly, higany means liquid material. We actually have three words for tin: ón, bádog & cin; specific use depends on context.
You can see the language families (Germanic, Romance, etc.) and also get an idea of how far back into the language tree one would have to go to find a common root. For the ancient metals, of course.
This video was fire not just because you included all natural borders of europe, but in every minute of it i have been brain storming trying to guess how those words travelled over thousands of years
I'd like to add that Welsh has some different names. Gold = Aur Silver = Arian Lead = Plwm These have an origin in either Latin or Proto-Brythonic from what I understand. Also iron = haearn This is thought to come from an Indo-European word for blood or red.
A really interesting topic, and video! It's fun to see the differences as well as the similarities between different languages! I also enjoy trying to remember all of them! However, what on earth happened to Italy on the map? Lol Did Basilicata and Puglia sink? Did I miss something..?
Short info: In Germany and Austria, the spelling is Kalzium and not Calcium. Same for Kobalt (not Cobalt). We generally use the letter K instead of C at the beginning.
I'm surprised you're so good at transcribing slavic languages to Latin. Even I struggle when I type in "majmunitsa" (monkey language, that's how Bulgarians refer to someone writing Bulgarian in Latin letters)
For those who have questions about the somewhat specific Czech and Slovak terminology: Most of the Czech- specific words for the elements were formulated in the 19th century by Jan Svatopluk Presl, he also invented the Czech chemical nomenclature, based on Czech grammar. Thus potassium carbonate is called "uhličitan draselný". This was done as a part of the so-called Czech national revival, a cultural and political movement in the late 18th and early 19th century, which attempted to differentiate Czech culture from German culture and create the Czech nation. One of its aims was reviving the Czech language, which fell out of use during the previous centuries. Grammar was reconstructed from old writings and dialects and codified, new words were coined for both common and academic use, these include words for various inventions, animals, plants, minerals and chemical compounds. The push for the establishment of the Czech nation culminated with the formation of Czechoslovakia. A lot of the words coined by the revivalists survived to this day and are widely used, it's basically a matter of national pride.
The coloring misses some of the less obvious cognates, such as "gold" and "zoloto", as well as "kwik" and "živa" (due to the different fates of the PIE palatal and labiovelar stops).
In Polish we also use "aluminium". Glin is name of chemical element as is. Tego nie pomalujesz, to je amelinium! (Old YT video, search up for "amelinium" for non-Polish viewers)
Why is Portuguese "chumbo" in a different color from other Romance terms? It has the same exact origin, but has undergone a specific Portuguese phonetic shift.
For a lot of these videos, it would probably be interesting to see what the coresponding words are in other Indo-European languages (the Iranian and north Indian languages in particular). The video is already showing the main (Latin-, Germanic and Slavic-derived) I-E languages of Europe as well as the Greek, Albanian, Armenian and Baltic languages plus the (non I-E) Finno-Ugric and Turkic languages, after all.
*Kurşun* is also used in pencils. Hence why we call markers, pens, and pencils all the same names. *Kurşun Kalem* - _Lead Pencil_ / Pencil *Keçeli Kalem* - _Felt Pencil_ / Marker *Mürekkep Kalem* - _Ink Pencil_ / Pen
Finnish "Lyijy" and Estonian "Plii" both ultimately root back to *blī But English "lead" seem to have possible Celtic root (apparently there was "bli" in old English). - looking on the map, and not checking into dictionaries, could've guessed that English simply dropped the leading "b" (thus different coloring could've been better to indicate that curiosity).
Cyprus speaks Greek and Turkish, there's not much practical need. Greenland has a bunch of native Inuit languages so it'd be impossible to navigate, there's a reason it's considered North American not just geographically but culturally too. As for Malta I do agree it should be added.
0:54 some language has gvozde for iron, interestingly, in Russian a similar word is used for nails (not the ones on your hands, the ones you use for making stuff)
You should add Arabic to the mix, it will add uniqueness since all latin languages are basically the same, and you can use Syria for the word placement ❤
You can really see French, German, Slavic and Turkish influence crystal clear. This isn't surprising much but the fact how little Greek influence exists surprised me. Greece always regarded as the beginning of western civilization but i guess it happened too early so it faded away lol.
McDonald's diploma 😂 do you have any idea how many Greek words are there in other European languages? Jesus fucking Christ how clueless can people be, it's bizarre to say the least
Do you have any idea how many Greek words are there in other European languages? 😂😂 Jesus Christ how clueless people can be, it's bizarre seeing them being sure about things they know nothing about to say the least.
Englisch also still has the germanic word for mercury: Quicksilver. This is an example where english shifted more towards its romance influence. Pretty interesting and should possibly have been on the map
If you make a video about languages, make sure the map is correct. This map shows the countries, not the languages. Switzerland is supposed to be divided in 4 (at least 3), Belgium is supposed to be divided in 3, Italy in 2, and so on…
5:23
Sounds like some ancient Greek miners got very angry when they realized they didn't get real silver, but instead got "pseudosilver"
In 4:54 he has Asimi (Ασήμι). This is usual as the name of the metal but as an element it is always Άργυρος (argyros)
And mercury: "water silver" 😂
"Pseudargyros" is the scientific, official name, usually the word "Tsigos" is used in Greek as in the rest of Europe.
@@Nevio857I think "liquid silver" if I am not mistaken. "Mercury" it is planet/god, if I am not mistaken 😁
@@mikel3359mercury also known as quicksilver is the element "Hg"
Fun fact: Czech and Slovak have the best chemical nomenclature in the world where you can deduce oxidation numbers just from the ending of the word. All thanks to Jan Svatopluk Presl, a Czech scientist who lived in 19th century. He also translated a lot of foreign scientific names and invented new words from Slavic roots for animals, plants, elements.
Can you write a few examples please. Chemical and invented names
Show example
I - ný
II - natý
III - itý
IV - ičitý
V - ěčný, ičný
VI - ový
VII - istý
VIII - ičelý
Na2O oxid dusný
CO oxid uhelnatý
Fe2O3 oxid železitý
CO2 oxid uhličitý
P2O5 oxid fosforečný
Etc. (im too lazy)
Some more complex chemicals:
NaH3Si2O8 trihydrodikřemičitan sodný
I hate the system, it makes everything so unnecesairly chaotic - instead of easily comunicating the name of the chemical, you have to do math in your head to calculate the insanely complex name. Also you have to then learn the normal, international way if you want to acually get into science.
@@jakubjilek7499 in Poland we used to had prefix with quantity of element but it's really archaism now. Today we only use like "dwutlenek węgla" on CO2 and only for small talks, in sience we say "tlenek wegla (IV)", the valence or quantity isn't actually part of the name, the prefix or sufix and I could tell it would be much harder if we had still such way.
Some people in jokes tells "tlenek diwodoru" as water, H2O, but as such way is simply archaism, barely anyone could name it such way just on fly on something
This video is actually more interesting than I thought when I opened it
I'm glad you liked it. thanks a lot..
I got the exact same feeling.
Personally, I like the similar colours when the root of the word is related, but not directly.
The longer the element has been known and used, the more diversity there is in the words for it. Elements discovered quite recently have much the same name in all languages. 'Mercury' was also referred to by the Germanic term 'Quicksiver' in English until the Latin word became more fashionable.
I was wandering about that I thought both quicksilver and mercury were up to date; In Georgian though the direct translation whould be "silver-water"
Yep, in the Balkans we call it Ziva (well, Zhiva) which means alive(-ish?)
I didn't realize that it came short from until I saw from Slovenia that they literally used "Zhivo Srebro" which means live silver, so Zhiva is like the shorter of it 😊
What surprised me was Russia used the word Olovo (which means Lead) to describe something else, and Glin in Polish (which sounds like Clay to me - Glina) to describe Aluminum
@@marmar340 The old word accurately describes what the element looks like - liquid silver which flows very quickly. Later, they discovered that silver and mercury are completely different elements, so the term mercury was preferred.
Live Silver is the direct translation of mercury from my country
@@TheAmazingSilvaDagger A great description of mercury. It occurs to me that 'quick' used to mean 'alive' in English too ('the quick and the dead') so perhaps it meant the same.
Divided by politics
United by chemistry
1:00 Good ending
POV: you started a game of CK3 as a small county of Lithium.
Everyone:
POTASSIUM!
NOT, KALIUM!!!!
Czechia and Slovakia:
Draslik
Everyone: calcium
Czechia Slovakia: "vápník"
Everyone: aluminum
Czechia Slovakia: "hliník"
Everyone: magnesium
Czechia Slovakia: "hořčík" : )
Romania has both Potasiu/Kaliu !
know I know why potassium's symbol is K
@@apollonxyz
Everyone: aluminium
Americans: aluminum
@@apollonxyz vapna=lime=СаО, hlinaziom=alumina=Al2O3, horkaja sol' (traditional household chemical and laxative medicine)=Epsom salt=MgSO4 in Belarusian. I assume the same thing happens in other Slavic languages, traditional names of metals are replaced by scientific borrowings, but the substances remain.
The official greek word for Platinum is "leukochrysos" (literally meaning white gold). Platina is a less official alternative name for it.
Tbh, I have rarely heard people use πλατίνα even in colloquial contexts. Λευκόχρυσος is more common
What is it called by chemists?
@@mirabilis λευκόχρυσος (lefkochrysos)
White gold is different though, that's a mixture of metals, lefkochrysos is a mineral, there is quite a confusion as with regards to their names because jewelers are jackasses and have malformed the names to suit their business, that drilled down to common speech.
Προσωπική μου εμπειρία στο χημικό όλοι μας platinum το λέγαμε.@@bigshrekhorner
Romance languages: Mercury!
Germanic languages: Quicksiler!
Slavic languages: Rtut'!
Georgia: _smashes keyboard_
Actually to translate it it is silver water so it is similar to germanic
Georgia explaining why Mercury is silver water:
I wonder how the "olovo" got different meaning between western+southern vs eastern slavic languages
This surprised me too, so I checked again to see if I was seeing it wrong.
Lead and tin were found similar at look. Therefore sometimes they weren't discriminated.
От древнеславянского корня "ol", что значит жёлтый
@@apollonxyz you should do Slavic months of the year if you want to get really confused)
You think that is weird, the Silver in Germanic and Srebro in Slavic and Silubra in Baltic, and here's the kicker, Azruf in Proto-Berber and Zilar in Basque.. It's probably one of the oldest European Words in existence because we simply do not know the origin of it, even the old Celtic language of Celtiberian that was spoken in Spain had Silabur.
The immense satisfaction every time everyone says the same damn thing
Globalizing world : )
Having 7000 different languages has been a disaster for the human race
@@apollonxyz I guess if someone discovers a new element there isn't really a way to change it that much.
It's funny to think that there used to be a well-known goldsmith in Greece named Zolòtas, while in some countries zoloto means gold.
Mn in Russian is MaRganets, not MaNganets
exactly
duly noted, sorry
No it’s correct it’s manganets
As is in Ukrainian.
@@easterlinearas russian, i can say, correct is maRganets
Thanks for my Kazakhstan ❤
🐎🐎🐎
Everyone: mercury, rtuť,...
Greece: YDRÁR GYROS 🍽️🧑🍳
Given mercury's symbol is Hg (Latin hydrargyrum) the Greek is actually really close.
@Lutefisk_lover oh wow, those sneaky bastards
Αctually means in Greek "water Silver" (Yδωρ=™Ηydro-Àργυρος=silver) Υδράργυρος which is quite accurate
@@Lutefisk_lover How about Hungarian higany?
Higany (Hg) in Hungarian. You cannot get closer.
0:16 just FYI: in Dutch, the ij is considered one letter, so if capitalised, it's not "Ijzer", but "IJzer".
Reading Ijzer is really messing with my brain
@@Tristan-mc4wm same 😵💫 feels like my eyesight is clutching. it looks so, so wrong
That's very strange! Dutch is weird man
@@Xezlecnot really, it's the Dutch variant of Y for most intents and purposes. Its only weird cause of keyboards forcing the use of two letters to represent it.
@@MrPbhuh except that we also have the y, or the i-grec as a seperate letter and it has a different pronounciation
I look at Kazakhstan, Turkey and Balkans to find out which words came to balkans from turks. If all 3 use the same word it probably means turks brought the word.
Right way
My sincerest reaction when I see multiple Balkan nations saying "duşman" for "enemy":
That's only half the story, Azerbaycan and Kazakistan can have their word changed by Russians which is probably the case with copper.
@@jondo7680 Nice reasoning! But it is hard to think Russia changed the word in Türkiye as well cuz unlike Azerbaycan or Kazakhstan, Türkiye was not invaded by Russia
@@jondo7680 r*ssification was indeed a major policy, the Kazakh language even uses cyrillic
3:55 In Poland we usually say Aluminium. "Glin" we use if we talk about science (chemistry, astronomy, etc) or in science books.
This video is already a periodic table vid.
Thank you for your feedback.
no to masz w tytule tabela okresowa pierwiastków
Glina means clay in South Slavic languages. I was so confused seeing that 😂
@@Qmarexx in polish Glina (not glin) is also a clay. But not only - in polish slang "glina" also means a cop or policeman and is used quite often when we talk about police 😀
@@user-glg20 That's curious because in German gangster language "geleimt" (literally "glued") means caught by police/authorities. Leim (glue) and Lehm (clay) are etymologically connected. Both sticky and slimy.
3:56 As a native speaker, the word "Glin" is more formal word. Everyone is using "Aluminium".
Co to w ogóle jest glin xD
@@RideeeMK No aluminium xD.
A tak serio myślę, że to jest nazwane z tego względu, że aluminium jest dość plastyczne jak na metal ale też musi być odpowiednio przygotowane jak glina, więc sobie wykombinował, że będzie to glin i wuj xD
whaaaat since when 😢
To make it more clear for non-Polish speakers:
Glin - Elemental aluminium
Aluminium - actual metal.
It's the same difference, as carbon and coal in English
ye, haven't heard anyone say "glin" on chemistry ever in my life (including the books)
I from Crimea. In Crimea, in the Crimean Tatar language: altın - gold, kumüş - silver, baqır - copper, temir ( demir) - iron.
That is very interesting, actually. How widespread is crimean tatar language in Crimea? Was it your first language?
Same as turkish ❤
@@omerozgorCrimean Tatar is a turkic language, that's why.
Так это потому что крымские татары - это турки.
10% of the population of Crimea are "Crimean Tatars". In fact, these are ordinary Turks.
German, 60. It is extremely instructive that the elements, which could only be described scientifically at a very late stage because they are difficult to visualise in elementary terms, sound more or less the same throughout the language area; whereas the precious metals, which even occur in solid form due to their properties and were therefore discovered very early in history, sound different everywhere. On the one hand, this shows the power of scientific communication with its technical and political organisation, and on the other, the nature of language as the memory of peoples. A truly impressive video!
Thanks a lot.
Finally you show the real geographic Europe with the countries that are partly in the European continent and not the politicized Europe. Nice work.
I'm glad you liked it. Thanks
It does include Armenia, which is as Asian a country as Iran or Syria. Including it in Europe only makes sense as a political decision.
@@unitariansavage8513 OK-OK
First Christian country in whole world Armenia which adopts Christianity in 301 is an Asian country)))
And your beloved Russland which has border with Korea and China with Mongolia iS EUROPEAN))))
Russian are europeans because of their pink clored skin maybe? Please advise)))
Dont you know that Iran is Islamic country ? With strong influence of sharia?
I dont have any disrespect to Islam, but please dont put Armenia as an so called "oriental" country.
Have you ever been in Armenia?
Or you just telling bullshit , just because you are not so educated?
The Caucasus does not geographically belong to Europe, the border runs along the valley of the Manych River in Russia, and then passes into the Ural mountains
Turkey is not Europe.
I only wish the world could come together like on Lithium...
5:48
In Lithium we trust🙏
And like platinum, chromium, titanium..
NEVER
Diversity of language is great.
In Greek we mostly call "Al" Aloumínio
Argílio is only used in chemistry classes and even there is quite rare.
Can prove it is true. Never heard of Argilio in my daily life.
Hungarian is the only one that aligns with the abbreviation of mercury (Hg): higany (even though the abbreviation comes from Greek)
Exactly, it caught my attention while making the video.
This is only because Greek doesn't have a letter for the h sound; the letter Hη (eta) is more of an ei sound, so aspiration is noted by an apostrophe curving to the right over the first vowel of a word. The latinization should be hydrargyros
There was an h sound in Ancient Greek. It’s not present in Modern Greek though.
"higany" was specifically created during the 18th century language reforms and one of the factors in choosing that word was this reason.
the other factor was that the root "híg" means "diluted"/"fluidy" which is a reference to the nature of mercury and its low melting point
(Hg) Hydrogyrium?
Apart from some errors, one of the best videos of that kind I've ever seen. The idea with somewhat distantly related word groups colored in different but similar colors is very good.
Some people criticize this method and say that it comes from the same root and must be the same color. I'm glad you think this way.
Not quite sure why 08:18 lead & co are the same colour as Blei et al through.
1:36 Greek is actually λευκόχρυσος 'lefkóchrysos' (literal translation: "white gold")
6:14 English “quicksilver” for mercury is also pretty well understood (although in a modern-day chemistry environment you’d never use it)
Great video! A few comments about Greek. Argilio is used for Al only in science books, for every other purpose Aluminio is used, like the rest of Europe. The opposite stands for silver, where Asimi is the commonly used word, but the proper Greek word is Argiros, probably were Argento and the rest come from. Interestingly, Argiros survives (as most older Greek words that have been replaced) in composite words. Hence we have Ydr(o)-Argiros = The water/liquid silver for Hg and Pseud(o) - Argiros = The fake/false silver for Zn.
Finally, most craftsmen would used Tsigos (as the other countries) for Zn and Kalai (from Turkish) for Sn.
Also, λευκοχρυσος (white gold) for platina. (even though both are used when talking about items made out of it)
Tysm for including Georgia we're always left out❤️
Because it's not Europe
@jhndr0nia says who?🤡
@@jhndr0nia geographically it's in Europe
@goodboi6540 Nope, continent-wise the border is Caucasian mountains, Georgia is south of them
@@dmitripogosian5084 The border isn't always drawn exactly at the Caucasus mountains. A lot of maps place the border slightly beyond it
It is interesting to see Turkic languages and most of the Balkan countries using the same words for Mercury, Copper and Tinn.
Ottoman influence
CIOBANS UNITE!
You were able to see tools made of these elements all around in streets everywhere in last 500 years. It is surely an impact of centuries of Ottoman rule in region.
the ottoman empire, was one of the biggest empires ever, and we earned the place. but alas, hard times create strong men. strong men create easy times. easy times create weak men. weak men create hard times.
it's not most of the Balkans, it is all the Balkans except for Greece.
3:56 Fun fact In Polish, "glin" is the name of the element, but high-percentage Aluminium("glin") is called like in other languages "Aluminium"
Glin ? Which Pole still says that? Chemistry teacher only 🙂
@@Tradas-R who ? i don't know, maybe The Periodic table?
In Serbo-croatian, Glina means 'clay'
@@Mladjasmilicin Russia too😃
@@Mladjasmilic
In Polish:
Glin - Aluminium
Glina - clay
2:00 fun fact: Italian “rame” is related to Romanian “aramă” both deriving from arāmen in Latin. In Romanian it’s not really copper, it’s more like brass, the alloy made from copper and zinc. People used to use it interchangeably with “cupru” until like 20th century when cupru just became the dominant word, due to being more modern
In Portuguese it is arame.
The romanian word for brass is "alama"-alloy of copper and zinc, so brass. Arama literally means copper(cupru).
My dictionary says it comes from spoken Latin *aes, aeris, aeramen* --> aramen --> rame, rather than literary Latin *cuprum* , and exists in other indoeuropean languages too, so it might have older roots than Latin.
This is the benefit of artificial languages. You just lift the ancient original words into your vocabulary and done, if you had a different one before, just replace them. Then you can start proving that you are the only direct descendants, look we have the same words, unlike the corrupted Italian, Spanish, French words we have the originals.
@@MrAdixzaitzThat’s interesting. “ala” means “mixed” in Turkish and alloy is “alaşım”. That “alama” literally sounds like Turkish.
At 8:35 there's a mistake. Hungarian Ólom is colored in the color of Plumb instead of Olovo.
3:33 We also use "altun" in Azerbaijan but it's considered rather old-timey
Qızıl means Red in kazakh language.
@batrider322 It also has that meaning in Azerbaijani, although we use the word "qırmızı" instead. We still call roses "qızılgül" tho which means "red flower"
@@batrider322 Same in all turkic languages
@@Efsaanehman its actually so great seeing another branch of the old turkish! because i can somewhat read it and understand it. you said qızılgül, which means red rose, and in turkish, its written as kızıl gül. thats crazy! basically your q is our k. i bet if we encountered each other on the street, we would be able to talk to each other in our respective languages.
@@batrider322im turkish and qızıl is basically kızıl, and there is a bit of difference with kızıl and kırmızı. kızıl is a deeper red, a more blood kind of red. while kırmızı is a more tame red
Everyone: Mercury and others.
Georgia: SILVER WATUH. 🤑
Everyone: Lead and others.
Georgia: BOULETS. 🔫
4:47 in spanish you can also call silver "argento" but its an old word that is mostly used in literature, nobody uses it outside of that context. Something like quicksilver and mercury I think
Edit: this is actually where the name of the country of Argentina comes from
Also the region of Argentina is sometimes referred to as La Plata, which makes La Plata and Argentina basically synonyms.
@MappingEagle Not quite, there is a city called La Plata and a river called Rio de la Plata in Argentina. So Argentina and La Plata are not synonyms exactly.
Me da igual, plata en ruso se dice “serebro” me muero 😂😂🤣
Omg, this is one of the best videos I've watched recently 😮❤
Wow, thank you!
"Πλατίνα" is the unofficial name for platinum im Greek
The official name is "Λευκόχρυσος" which means white gold
Also we do say Aluminium as well as Αργίλιο
The most common name is Aluminium tho
No one calls it Argilio
Also Asimi is again the unofficial name
We also call it Άργυρος when we want to refer to the element itself most of the time
We also use the latin name for Zinc
We use ψευδαργυρος too but we also say tsingos unofficially
3:24 the Hungarian and Albanian words aren't related. The Albanian one actually comes from Latin and the Hungarian one is a Proto-Ugric word.
First like and comment 🎉🎉!!!
The Hungarian word as far as I can tell used to start with an s which was regularly lost it's distantly related to fhe green word however also gold and yellow in English all pf these ultimately referring to it as a shiny thing except the blue and pink ones are I'm fairly certain unrelated.
And the proto-Ugric word in turn is thought to be a borrowing from Proto-Indo-European zaran, meaning gold
In Finish there is also older word for copper: vaski - though it can also mean bronze or brass. I think the Hungarian word for iron is of the same origin.
In Ukrain, we use two words "kal'tsiy" and "vapno", first it's like a chemical element, second - like a useful thing. The same situation with "natriy" and "soda".
Germanic and South Slavic words for Mercury - quecksilver, živo srebro, živa, etc - all have the same origin in direct translation of "argentum vivum" = live silver.
Finnish and Estonian as well.
An ancient French way of saying mercury is "vif argent".
Lithuanian and Latvian too
In Romanian, we can say argint viu
Estonian:
* "Soodium" is lesser used older alternative for naatrium.
* Older (ancient) term for the iron was "vask" (related to Hungarian "vas"), but latter Germanic term "raud" (from "red") was adopted for it, whereas "vask" became to mean copper (earlier on, copper was known by compound word, "punavask" - "red copper"). Furthermore, "vask" likley meant "a metal" more broadly.
* Well, the previous point again kinda. I'm surprised about that linking with the Baltic languages, considering that Estonian one descend from one of the oldest Uralic terms (chances are that it was broader Eurasian wanderword even before that). It makes to wonder, whether and what might have been role of Baltic languages in that shift. There's an old saying among artisans (eg: blacksmiths) which I don't remember anymore, that went something like: "vask on veri ja raud on ? ..." (Copper is blood, iron is ...) I think that this saying had to do with considering the copper as some sort of "animator", "life-giver", or "soul-provider" for the creation (made of iron). Again, don't remember well enough, but it notes known link between copper and blood. Furthermore, there's synonym for red: "verev", derived from word "veri" (blood).
* Barely existing and well dated synonym for the "kaltsium" was "lupium" (from estonian "lubi"(calx); this shows in that calcification in estonian is "lupjumine". Also colloquialy, when not speaking about pure chemical element, but more broadly, "lubi" is used over "kaltsium").
* Zinc, for tsink there essentially entirely non-used synonym "ebahõbe" (false-silver), itself most likely a calqe from Greek.
* Elavhõbe (lively silver) is a calque from German.
* Older term for the tin was "inglistina" ("English tin"; ~"angelic tin"), differing from "seatina" (lead). Colloquially often both are still referred just as "tina", and older terms or alternatives frequently enough used for specifying.
* Synonym of "plii" is "seatina"(~piglead) - don't know, but looks like calqe from Slavic. "Angelic tin" vs "pigtin" carried contrast of pure vs dirty/toxic.
The most fascinating is the the word for gold in Armenian is voski!!!❤
@Music-yx9uv Tocharian A: "wäs"
Vask may have its cognates in Indoeuropean if the initial V was dropped, S often became rhotic and K was dissimilated. So Latin argentum, Greek argyros and German Erz may be related, if these are some stone age words and people had one word for all metal they knew. Erz means ore or any metal or its source. Unrelated to vask, German also has the archaic "ehern" = made from metal/ore, which may be related with the Norse word for iron.
I noticed something in addition to my previous comment: High German "Erz" may be cognate of Low German "ort". Ort in modern German means place or village, but originally meant point, as in the pointy end of a sword, spear or arrowhead. Ortstein is the Low German word for hardpan, the most common iron ore in Northern Germany (bacterial iron-rich concrement formed beneath the sandy upper layer of the podsol). So the word for pointy weapon may have evolved into the word for ore and metal. This would also indicate that early Germanic metal industry ran mostly on iron, because it was locally available and relatively easy to mine. For copper and bronze we have foreign words, because our ancestors obtained these metals from trade.
@@naturbursche5540 yes.
The "raud" for iron. There seems to be thinking that it actually might be even older loan from Indo-European languages in the proximity, and possibly may have meant ironore (or even of certain metals more broadly). Likley from when Germanic and Baltic might have been still closer languages to oneanother.
There's additional loans of the kind, like roosa (pink), rooste (rust), and roos (🌹; geometric shape; skin condition/illment; +) - but those should be latter adoptions.
Conceptually, in colloquial language (simpler daily speech), "raud" is used in broader meaning for various utility metals, or something which resamples it, than just for the iron more specifically - I understand that this concept is fairly common in Germanic languages as well (although, particular nuances may differ somewhat).
___
Connection with the blades and sharp tools is interesting also.
Some time ago I stumbled upon a map shared online. Although it wasn't about Germanic nor Uralic, but various eastern languages, like Persian, Turkic, some Slavic, and various Siberian languages, as well as native American. It seemed to discuss ancient term for a blade or knife (common derivations from possible common ancient root term, initially meaning metal). The term which they discussed there, by my memory, seemed rather close to the proto-Uralic and possible Indo-European cognate. As for Uralic, namely Finnic, there's also at least vaguely similar term as well: Estonian "väits" and Finnish "veitsi", also some other terms which have to do with sharmness and cutting (but current etymological theories doesn't seem to make such connections though).
Alas, I didn't know to think too much about that map back then, and thus haven't saved it nor references to it. Regrettable, as it would've been at least curious to study further now.
Anyhow, quite interesting.
This really shows, that in matters of materials people would be using each day, Turkish actually affected Balkans. Tin is Kalay and copper is Bakır in most
Because those, were also materials Turks were known to be famous for even when they were in Asia
Words like gold and silver are the most diverse, because guess what, those stuff were important for all languages so they have words for them
But Platinum, is way more homogenous because, it's new
sonrada Türkler balkanlardan etkilendi diyorlar
In the contrast,South Slavs seems to "infect" Turkish word for Mercury,since "'živa" means "alive" or "living"(Slovenian word for mercury literally means "living silver",other South Slavs just dropped "silver" part...)
@@Weeboslav Not all South Slavs infect words from Turkish. Word baker into Slovene came via Serbo-Croatian. Word is "ruden, med". "Živo srebro" also could be "sijoček, belik" etc...
@@WeeboslavCıva is of Persian origin so, no it was from Turkish that the metal got its name in the balkans
Platinum is "ašokive" in Erzya, but, unfortunately, this map doesn't show minority languages.
You can easily see which metals were discovered after the Renaissance, because there weren't as much reasons for them to diverge, though some like Sodium still diverged because they had some more known common thing it came from...
You see most of the element names in Turkish with Turkic origin are predominantly metals. I guess this is the case for all the nations with decent blacksmithing background.
4:01 polish people mostly use aluminium as the word, glin is more rare and the same as the word for clay, i only seen it used once in that context in a chemistry book. love your vids keep it up
Glin is used rather formally when you are dealing seriously with chemistry, and in everyday speech it is almost always aluminium😅
Thank you very much for your feedback.
Glin (aluminium) is not glina! Glina is clay. Or cop colloquially.
*Polish
and this is how the Polish language is being killed😒
I see that Czechs and Slovaks like diminutives. If it will be read by some Czech or Slovak, how do you call oxidized versions? Because in Polish, we use diminutive version for it, so glinek (for Al, aluminide), tlenek (for O, oxide), wodorek (for H, hydride), siarczek (for S, sulfide), azotek (for N, nitride), złotek (for Au, auride) etc...
Those are not diminutives
It's the same case as word "case" (in Czech/Slovak: "případ/pripad"), which in Polish is used only in diminutive form: "przypadek". Because in Polish non-diminutive form "przypad" is not used :)
Therefore "diminutive" is a very relative term, the same as "passion for diminutives" :)
And in Romanian we sometimes use their feminine counterparts for oxides, like for example the oxide of aluminium is "alumină"
@@ClifffSVK Och, I meant diminutive endings. Of course "złotek" and "siarczek" are not a diminutives of "złoto" and "siarka".
@@magpie_girl3741 As south Slav, these diminutive-sounding words that appear all the time in Polish, Czech, Slovak sound so funny. I always have the association of the way that little kids would talk. Not meaning disrespect, just how it sounds to me.
Add Tatarstan amd add Altın - we use this as "Gold" like other turks.
More than half of the Caucasus calls Gold "ALTUN". It is very interesting that all Turks speak the same language even from thousands of kilometers away.
@@kangang337 interesting, right
@@kangang337 Turkics tend to be easy to adapt difficult to assimilate. We tend to be conquering part mostly and had a migrating life for a long time probably due to that.
@@kangang337yeahh, bcs all of us turkic 😃
Кстати в средневековой России "Алтын" (Altin золото по тюркски) являлся названием монеты
@@KopatichDisko по тюркски*
@Соломеннаяшляпа-символвеликого согл, ошибка
Ещё есть песня Алтын от татарки, которая вызывает настольгию😁
amazing video
language geography history and chemistry all in one!
Thanks a lot..
Металлы открытые недавно у всех звучат примерно одинаково(алюминий, цинк, платина, литий, и др). А известные с древности у всех по своему (медь, золото, серебро, ртуть, олово, свинец). Исключений Я пока не знаю.
Я чет не вдупляюсь про олово и свинец и то и то плюмбум? Или ложный друг переводчика
@@artemmayboroda5217 там нет олова под названием плюмбум все нормально.
@@artemmayboroda5217 Судя по всему,просто они очень похожи друг на друга,так же быстро плавятся,как я понял слово свинец тоже имеет происхождение от олова,свинец - свиное олово,слово олово отпало и осталось только свинец.
In Romanian there is also (quite often used) ARAMĂ. And for mercury, hidrargir is also used (less frequently). Also, for Tin we have both staniu and cositor.
I like how more recent metals have uniform names along languages and older have unique names. By older I mean the age of it's discovery by humans.
Bingo. Just like radio, television, telephone etc.
6:55 I would say in Hungary Higany is more used by everyday language,in scientific things i have seen it called Merkúrium
4:01 If Argìlio even exists in new Greek, nobody is using it... Alumìnio is the only word used nowadays in all forms of the language (formal, informal, written, spoken)...
Can someone explain how lead/lood is the same group as Blei/bly, while kwik/Quecksilber isn't?
Since the video didn't include Basque, here you go:
Na - Sodio
Fe - Burdin
Li - Litio
K - Potasio
Pt - Platino
Cu - Kobre
Ca - Kaltzio
Cr - Kromo
Au - Urre
Al - Aluminio
Ti - Titanio
Ag - Zilar
Zn - Zink
Mg - Magnesio
Ni - Nikel
Hg - Merkurio
Co - Kobalto
Sn - Eztainu
Mn - Manganeso
Pb - Berun
Pd - Paladio
Interesting video. Italy, Spain and Portugal seem consistent in their similarities.
Romania and Greece always had unique names. Turkic countries also. Russia and the rest of Europe are always different
I watched the entire video and have to disagree. In most of teh cases it made sense from a linguistic POV
Romania and Latin countries same
Very nice video👍
Albanian ari comes from Latin aurum, just like the various forms of or. It's not cognate with Hungarian arany at all, which is an ancient Finno-Ugric word. Same with ólom, unrelated to Latin plomba (although we also have that term, and pióm for plumb-line too). Interestingly, higany means liquid material. We actually have three words for tin: ón, bádog & cin; specific use depends on context.
You can see the language families (Germanic, Romance, etc.) and also get an idea of how far back into the language tree one would have to go to find a common root. For the ancient metals, of course.
0:37 Rauta? Like the name of that dune guy?
Arguably Harkonen sounds like a very Finnish named too
There was a hockey player named Rautakallio. Iron-Potassium?
There is typo in Russian for Manganese, it is Marganets not Manganets...
in romanian: "cupru" also colloquially "aramă", " staniu" also colloquially "cositor", "potasiu" also "kaliu", "sodiu" also "natriu"
Are these commonly used or are the ones on the map more common?
@@apollonxyz the ones on the map are more common nowadays since they are more formal.
Thanks for your feedback.
@@SauTunSud2025 brass is "alamă".
Native Romanian here, I never heard someone say "kaliu" for potasium in Romania. The rest I've heard all
This video was fire not just because you included all natural borders of europe, but in every minute of it i have been brain storming trying to guess how those words travelled over thousands of years
It's really interesting how romanian words are more similar to latin western europe words (spain, france, italy) than the surrounding countries
I was thinking the same. The Welsh word for gold is also "aur" although the pronunciation may be different.
Its because Romanian is a romance language, not slavic
The name of the country refers to Rome
@denyraw what being conquered by Traian does to a mf
This is really intresting to watch 😂🇸🇰
I'd like to add that Welsh has some different names.
Gold = Aur
Silver = Arian
Lead = Plwm
These have an origin in either Latin or Proto-Brythonic from what I understand.
Also iron = haearn
This is thought to come from an Indo-European word for blood or red.
That is funny, the Welsh silver (Arian) means gold in Hungarian (Arany). :D
A really interesting topic, and video! It's fun to see the differences as well as the similarities between different languages! I also enjoy trying to remember all of them!
However, what on earth happened to Italy on the map? Lol
Did Basilicata and Puglia sink? Did I miss something..?
1:20 5:44 Czechoslovakia moments !!!!
You guys alwyas a little extra, love it ❤😂
Could you make a video with all the other countries?
9:04 ólom is a Proto-Ugric word and not related to the Latin one.
Short info: In Germany and Austria, the spelling is Kalzium and not Calcium. Same for Kobalt (not Cobalt). We generally use the letter K instead of C at the beginning.
The formal name of platin in greek is λευκόχρυσος (lefkochrisos) = white gold. Also for silver the formal term is άργυρος (argiros).
I'm surprised you're so good at transcribing slavic languages to Latin. Even I struggle when I type in "majmunitsa" (monkey language, that's how Bulgarians refer to someone writing Bulgarian in Latin letters)
For those who have questions about the somewhat specific Czech and Slovak terminology:
Most of the Czech- specific words for the elements were formulated in the 19th century by Jan Svatopluk Presl, he also invented the Czech chemical nomenclature, based on Czech grammar. Thus potassium carbonate is called "uhličitan draselný". This was done as a part of the so-called Czech national revival, a cultural and political movement in the late 18th and early 19th century, which attempted to differentiate Czech culture from German culture and create the Czech nation. One of its aims was reviving the Czech language, which fell out of use during the previous centuries. Grammar was reconstructed from old writings and dialects and codified, new words were coined for both common and academic use, these include words for various inventions, animals, plants, minerals and chemical compounds. The push for the establishment of the Czech nation culminated with the formation of Czechoslovakia. A lot of the words coined by the revivalists survived to this day and are widely used, it's basically a matter of national pride.
The coloring misses some of the less obvious cognates, such as "gold" and "zoloto", as well as "kwik" and "živa" (due to the different fates of the PIE palatal and labiovelar stops).
Romanian is the single language that preserves the original Latin word "Aurum" = Aur ( Au)
Albanian is similar to Latin as well : ari for gold 🇦🇱
Why is the portuguese lead (chumbo) a slightly different tone than its counterparts? pl > ch is the expected change from latin to portuguese.
5:10 We nearly got the linguist family map here
I thought about it too
Good job on the Polish translations
6:18 dutch and flemish is both kwik or kwikzilver which is the same as a the countries like germany norway sweden
yes, same color different shade
In old french it was "Vif argent", same story ;.)
In Romanian, for copper, we also have the older version "aramă"
In Polish we also use "aluminium".
Glin is name of chemical element as is.
Tego nie pomalujesz, to je amelinium! (Old YT video, search up for "amelinium" for non-Polish viewers)
Why is Portuguese "chumbo" in a different color from other Romance terms? It has the same exact origin, but has undergone a specific Portuguese phonetic shift.
7:57 - In Russian: maRganets, not maNganets
Thanks for your feedback.
For a lot of these videos, it would probably be interesting to see what the coresponding words are in other Indo-European languages (the Iranian and north Indian languages in particular).
The video is already showing the main (Latin-, Germanic and Slavic-derived) I-E languages of Europe as well as the Greek, Albanian, Armenian and Baltic languages plus the (non I-E) Finno-Ugric and Turkic languages, after all.
*Kurşun* is also used in pencils. Hence why we call markers, pens, and pencils all the same names.
*Kurşun Kalem* - _Lead Pencil_ / Pencil
*Keçeli Kalem* - _Felt Pencil_ / Marker
*Mürekkep Kalem* - _Ink Pencil_ / Pen
kurşun kalemlerde grafit kullanılıyor kurşun değil
@@clouxy8380 evet doğru ama eskiden kurşun kulanıyordu. Sonra zehirli olduğunu öğrendiler ve grafit kulanmaya başladılar
I wonder if the words for Lead starting with the letters B and P should've been shown in a different colour.
Finnish "Lyijy" and Estonian "Plii" both ultimately root back to *blī
But English "lead" seem to have possible Celtic root (apparently there was "bli" in old English).
- looking on the map, and not checking into dictionaries, could've guessed that English simply dropped the leading "b" (thus different coloring could've been better to indicate that curiosity).
Why you don't put Cyprus, Malta, and Greenland?
Cyprus and Greenland are not in Europe. And probably Malta is too small to show in map.
Cyprus speaks Greek and Turkish, there's not much practical need. Greenland has a bunch of native Inuit languages so it'd be impossible to navigate, there's a reason it's considered North American not just geographically but culturally too. As for Malta I do agree it should be added.
@@HOPEfullBoi01 maybe just put a dot for malta
@@HOPEfullBoi01 yeah i know Cyprus geographically part of North America..but it's part of Denmark
@@galaxylion2890 I think you mean Greenland, not Cyprus.
0:54 some language has gvozde for iron, interestingly, in Russian a similar word is used for nails (not the ones on your hands, the ones you use for making stuff)
Turkiye and Khazakstan being Turkic is heartwarming🤗💝
🇰🇿🥰🇹🇷
You should add Arabic to the mix, it will add uniqueness since all latin languages are basically the same, and you can use Syria for the word placement ❤
You can really see French, German, Slavic and Turkish influence crystal clear. This isn't surprising much but the fact how little Greek influence exists surprised me. Greece always regarded as the beginning of western civilization but i guess it happened too early so it faded away lol.
There are thousands of Greek words in English and other languages but apparently not ones associated to metallurgy.
French?
McDonald's diploma 😂 do you have any idea how many Greek words are there in other European languages? Jesus fucking Christ how clueless can people be, it's bizarre to say the least
Do you have any idea how many Greek words are there in other European languages? 😂😂 Jesus Christ how clueless people can be, it's bizarre seeing them being sure about things they know nothing about to say the least.
@@THCHHC No need to be salty greco 😂😂
Englisch also still has the germanic word for mercury: Quicksilver. This is an example where english shifted more towards its romance influence. Pretty interesting and should possibly have been on the map
If you make a video about languages, make sure the map is correct. This map shows the countries, not the languages. Switzerland is supposed to be divided in 4 (at least 3), Belgium is supposed to be divided in 3, Italy in 2, and so on…
I *_might_* sleep a bit later today.
I hope it was worth the wait.