Causes of nicotinic acetyl- choline receptor upregulation

Nerve Injuries
Stroke
Spinal cord injury
Burns (24 hours up to 1-2 years after burn injury)
Prolonged immobility (risk greatest after 16 days)
Prolonged exposure to neuromuscular blockers
Myopathies
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Denervation Disorders
Multiple sclerosis
Guillain-Barré syndrome
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Generally occurs with injury to UMNs or LMNs → decreased release of ACh → increase # receptors
Myasthenia gravis and Lambert-Eaton syndrome do not have upregulation (might have downregulation)
Avoid succinylcholine in these patients