The code for the Toronto Pearson International Airport in Toronto, Ontario, Canada is YYZ. When the guys from the Canadian progressive rock trio Rush were writing an instrumental piece for their 1981 album Moving Pictures they needed a title. Drummer Neil Peart suggested YYZ, as whenever he saw this on his ticket or luggage he knew it meant he was headed home. The title was approved and a new opening riff was added to the song. It begins with a pattern played on the crotales (bell-like tone produced by small, flat, tuned discs) that mimics the Morse code radio beacon emitted by the airport to signify which airport aircraft are homing in on.
Ding ba ding ding ding ba ding ding ding ding ba ba Ding ba ding ding ding ba ding ding ding ding ba ba Ding ba ding ding ding ba ding ding ding ding ba ba …. 😂
@@christopherdivirgilio9861 Smiling and nodding too! As a RUSH LIFER since April of 1975, I knew there would be "A Family Member(s) here in the audience of The History Guy! Cheers Bruddah
I spent 23 years as an air traffic controller, and thus am very familiar with many airport codes and identifiers. I got accustomed to idiosyncrasies like Orlando being MCO and Newark being EWR, and to this day when I hear the name of some towns I automatically think of the identifier rather than the town's actual spelling (Winslow, Arizona will always be INW to me). But in all those 23 years, all those hours of entering flight plans and route changes and making sure a flight was really going to LSV (Las Vegas, New Mexico) and not LAS (Las Vegas, Nevada), I never, ever noticed that none of the identifiers began with W or N. You learn something new every day.
As another commenter noted, there are some 'N' airports out there from before 'N' got reserved from the Navy. The original main airport in New Orleans (before MSY was built) is still NEW, for example. And, of course, IATA doesn't care about the U.S. Navy, so Nassau is NAS, Tokyo - Narita is NRT, etc.
Or NKC for Nouakchott! As a former Dispatcher, pilot and various other air-related roles, the IATA and ICAO codes have been my stock in trade for may adult life. Have been a fan of THG for months and now he’s really hitting close to home for me. Keep up the great stories please.
I grew up in Park Ridge, IL near O'Hare Field and remember the old Douglas-Chicago, C-54 "Skymaster" plant as it still existed up until about 1965 before the facility was demolished. A next-door neighbor talked about sometime after the end of WWII of being able to play a game of indoor softball in a portion of the empty aircraft plant as that's how large the facility was. By the way, in 1946 the Douglas-Chicago machinery and many surplus C-54 parts were shipped to the aircraft company, Canadair, in Montreal, Quebec. Canadair used the former Douglas machines and parts to produce their own version of the "Skymaster" known as the DC-4M "Northstar." The main difference between the American version and the Canadian one was that the American version was powered by four Pratt & Whitney R-2000 radial piston engines whereas the Canadian was powered by four of the famous Rolls Royce Merlin in-line piston engines (the Merlin powered iconic WWII aircraft such as the Supermarine "Spitfire," the North American P-51 "Mustang" and the Avro Lancaster bomber).
Good to see a fellow Park Ridgian! My parents and grandparents grew up there. I lived in Rolling Meadows for 6 years, then AZ for two, and in P.R. for 20 years until moving back to AZ. Park Ridge was a great, but boring place to grow up! (I was 10 to 30 years old living there). I remember the jets seemed like they were landing on our roof sometimes.
@@61rampy65 "the jets seemed like they were landing on our roof sometimes," yes, back when the jetliners were much noisier than today's. I lived on the east side of Park Ridge and consequently they weren't quite as loud as for those living further west nearer to O'Hare. The prop airliners such as DC-6s, Constellations and Convairliners actually had rather pleasant sounds versus the jets.
Having worked for United Airlines for a decade (1986-1996), after my dad worked there for 32 years, this has always been a topic of keen interest for me. I love hearing all the back stories on how airfields and airports were originally named. History, well done!
As it so happens, I still have an ORD luggage tag from 1967 that was on my sea bag when I attended Hospital Corps school at Great Lakes Naval Training Center.
Glad you got to MSY. Quite a story. And on that note, the history of John Moisant and his remarkable sister, and aviator, Matilde Moisant deserve to be remembered...And the cat is Mademoiselle Fifi, a pioneer in feline aviation, who often accompanied him on his flights.
Small correction: There are a few civilian airport identifiers that do begin with N, such as NEW (New Orleans Lakefront. No air carriers fly there), though the vast majority’s of N’s , are Navy fields. And as a side note, the original identifier for Kennedy was IDL( part of the airport’s land was bought from and built on , was Idlewild golf course. It was changed to KIA(Kennedy Inlt Airport)within a month of Kennedy’s assassination. Then by the late 60s , the news, especially tv nightly news , constantly referring the the number of soldiers “killed in action” on a daily basis, and the associated horrors, the identifier was changed to JFK. Nice vid!
I think NEW got its code before N became reserved for the Navy. The reservation of 'N' is, for example, why Nashville is BNA and Norfolk is ORF. (On a side note, it seems ironic to me that Norfolk of all places wasn't able to get NOR or similar because of the Navy - considering how closely tied Norfolk is to the Navy.) NEW is a quite old airport, though, previously the main airport in New Orleans. Of course, IATA obviously doesn't reserve N for the U.S. Navy, so Nassau is NAS, Toyko - Narita is NRT, etc.
Living in NYC my entire life, I knew its previous name, but didn't know it was called KIA for a few years. I always thought it went straight to JFK. Thanks for clearing that up.
I believe North Perry airfield in Miramar, Fl was a Navy training field during WW II. It's identifier in the late 60's/early 70's when I flew into it as a civilian field, was NPW. We jokingly called it "North Perry Windmeadow".
I spent 10 yrs working in the airline industry as ground staff Lance and I found this fascinating. Thank you very much for some very informative aviation history!
I have been a pilot since 1962. I retired from the airlines in 2007. I thought I knew the stories behind Airport codes. Boy, you showed me I only knew about ten percent. Very interesting. Thanks, History Guy,
A curiosity that gets even more curious as you learn the most curious thing of all...what kind of logic is used when they come up with all these things! What a fun little corner of history to explore! Thanks!!!!
One of my aviation bucket list items is to fly my Musketeer to an airport whose ICAO code starts with something other than C or K. The nearest candidates (I live in B.C.) are PAKT and MMTJ.
@@marsgal42 if you ever do a coast to coast trip across Canada, consider a stop at LFVM…. Technically France but only about 20km offshore from Newfoundland! It would be a unique one for the logbook!
@@theRICKbowman If I lived in eastern Canada the nearest candidates would indeed be LFVM/LFVP and MYGF. I recently flew (commercially) from Vancouver to London. My Musketeer could just about do it via the usual North Atlantic route (CYYR-BGBW-BIRK-EGPC). Easily with a ferry tank.
I once worked at the Seattle office of an international freight forwarder which shipped freight by both air and sea; I worked in the Air Exports department and obviously most of our freight went from SEA. We were the only office worldwide that called sea freight "Ocean Exports" rather than "Sea Exports."
Thank you, THG, another fascinating one - and a nice reminder of how many seemingly mundane little rules and conventions there are beneath the surface making our society actually work, but unless we work in that area we probably rarely think of. Reminds me of the idea to standardise items like nuts and bolts, another thing we kind of take for granted, but without someone coming up with the notion, the world would run a lot less smoothly (of course anyone who has just arrived in Wellington to find their luggage has gone to Puerto Rico will, rightly, roll their eyes at the idea of "smoothly"!)
I just have to say thanks, your videos really helped get me through the lockdowns.. and now seeing you go full force into social media, it's pretty cool. Rock on my friend, history deserves to be remembered!
Nashville International Airport has the designator of BNA. The B stands for Berry Field, the original name for a military air base that was already there. The NA is presumably for Nashville.
I was surprised to hear my hometown in your video (ICT). I was a travel agent for almost 2 years, and went to a tech school for travel and tourism. I left the job in '98, and the industry has completely changed since 9/11, except for the airport codes. During high school, I began my love of travel, the travel school was a breeze. I had a later job in a call center, where we had outsourced the customer service line to Manila, with a company name of ICT, but I was one of very few people to make the ironic connection. The Wichita airport did change its name recently from Mid-Continent to Wichita Dwight Eisenhower National airport.
ICAO and IATA are normally pronounced as words by people from the industry (/ˌaɪˈkeɪˌoʊ/ and /aɪˈɑːtə/), and not as individual letters. Great video! 👍🏻
100%. I am surprised someone that supposedly researches never found that out. Everyone in the travel industry never spells out the individual letters but pronounced it as a word :iata. I’ve know that since I started traveling in my teens 40 years ago.
You never cease to amaze me with how interesting you can make, otherwise mundane seeming subjects, be. I’ve always liked little bits of odd information but your delivery and storytelling just punches everything up. 😄
@@christopherlynch3314 good lord, somewhere online (Quora maybe) I wrote a whole diatribe about how to properly apply and dry paint. I’d totally watch a video about paint drying.
I’ve been in the industry for 15 years and have wondered some of the origins of certain codes you’ve gone over and am so happy to have stumbled across your video. Thank you for the fun bit of knowledge!
Columbus Ohio: CMH (Port Columbus Airport, now John Glenn International). The airport was originally built and owned by the City of Columbus as part of the first transcontinental service (Pennsylvania Railroad from NY to Columbus, then TAT by air from Columbus to Wyanoka, OK; Waynoka to Clovis, NM via Santa Fe Railway, then TAT again from Clovis to Los Angeles. Port Columbus was given the code CMH for "Columbus Municipal Hangar."
Columbus was definitely an early participant in the airplane industry (sadly to the ultimate detriment of our beautiful train station) and as a kid I always assumed that CMH was a combination of letters from Columbus, Ohio. It wasn't until the internet age when I discovered it was really "Columbus Municipal Hanger", and that's what I often call the airport these days :)
McCoy Air Force Base is pretty much forgotten in Orlando history today. The former SAC base that was home to dozens of B-52s and a scary number of atomic warheads is mostly plowed under the tarmac and hangers of today’s MCO. I would lay odds that most kids that grew up in the area probably only know of the base as Orlando International Airport. It would have saved so much in confusion if they had simply changed the code to OIA. Adding to the confusion, Orlando’s business airport (located about five miles north of the international airport) was once named ‘Herndon Airport’, but is now called ‘Orlando Executive Airport’. And it’s IATA code is ORL. At least someone got one right.
The MCO code was already assigned to McCoy AFB, so why change it. All USAF, USN, USMC, and USA bases (flying) have IATA codes and they will not change them if converted to civilian use.
@@MrScott1171 Why change it? Because it is no longer for military use. The three letter designation is obsolete and confusing to civilians who now use the airport. Streamlining the code to something far more logical (instead of some antiquated reference to an orchard that hasn’t existed in decades, say) will help prevent the mistakes that The History Guy pointed out. Will it cause confusion to people used to the current system? Yes, but that will pass and people will get used to a much more understandable three letter code. I still put OIA down when booking tickets to my hometown, only to remember that I wasn’t going to Brazil (where the code is assigned currently). ORD can finally be CHI or even OHA and far fewer people will gripe with a new and understandable system. The biggest problem with the current system is that there are over 17,500 three letter combinations possible, but more than 41,000 airports worldwide (13,000 in the US alone). What do you do for 23,000 airports when you run out of three-letter combinations?
Thx teacher . I have learned about history thru your work , although I was blessed with a private school , I feel that your work has put a cherry on the top of this subject ....I agree 200% with ...history deserves to be remembered 🙏🇨🇱
This is the best video essay that I've listened to or watched. Thank you for your amazing summary. I've known much of this for over a decade due to my ASD/ADHD, and you filled in a few gaps that I didn't even know existed in my knowledge. Thank you again.
Great vlog as always! I worked for SAS/SK, as you say in the video we also had city center codes for the SAS ticket office in Paris had the company Mail code PAR/HZSK. Fun fact: all airlines Telex reg lost luggage end with… You guessed it, LL. In Norway we have cities with simular names that are far apart. On the southern shores we have the city of Kristiansand and also along the coast an hours flight time we have the city of Kristiansund. The postal service got fed up with the chaos and added an S behind Kristiansand S and an N behind Kristiansund N for North and South. The two cities also had to have the IATA codes. In the south it was a land airport before WW 2 so it was KRS. When Kristiansund N opened its airport on July 1st 1970 KRN was taken, it is Kiruna in Sweden, so it became KSU instead. People still buy tickets to the to cities and mix them up to this day. As luck will have it no pilots have yet to make that mistake the two ICAO codes are ENCN and ENKB. On Christmas Eve in 1982 a passenger walked off the plane at MOL, 50km from KSU. The trip started in Germany and he wanted to fly to Moldova! He got their in time for New years! Lol!
The Rush instrumental piece, "YYZ," gets its title from the code for Toronto's airport. The band would hear the Morse letters as they flew in or see the letters on their luggage tags at the end of tours as a signal that they were coming home. The introduction to the instrumental is the Morse code for YYZ.
Tampa International (FL) has the very logical TPA. However local new always calls it TIA for Tampa International Airport. So occasionally someone books their flight to Tirana International Airport in Albania. Your channel uses THG which you failed to mention is Thangool Airport in Australia.
I worked in aviation for nearly 40 years....from accounting to marketing to airport operations..the IATA city codes were an important part of my language. Great show! Love history.
Greetings from NKT-Marine Corps Airstation Cherry Point, NC. I’ve worked there for 10+ years and I have jets from all over flying over me constantly. I love the video!
Back in my working days I spent my time, mostly, as a Shipping and Receiving clerk. The companies I worked for shipped goods all over the world and whether by land of air all good s shipped must have the merchandise identified. When shipping by air I would use the IATA (pronounced as eye-at-ta by many) codes. At one company I ended up saving my company around $50,000 a month in hazardous shipping fees due to a corrosive product in one of the medical kits we had developed. When I discovered there was a loophole IATA code for the concentration of the product by how many parts per million that could be safely shipped and not needing the hazardous declaration I talked to one of the main researchers and explained what was going on he worked at getting the kit re-certified using the lower density of product. I ended up getting a nice letter of commendation for that plus a good payraise.
Washington National Airport (now Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport) is DCA, not DCI. Also interesting is the three letter code for areas with multiple commercial airports. So you can search for WAS to find flights to all three Washington area airports (DCA, IAD, and BWI)
Some large metro areas have dummy overlay codes (like WAS for the metro DC airports and NYC for the metro New York airports), however, that is not always true. For example, In San Francisco, there's SFO, OAK, and SJC (San Jose), but no overlay code to my knowledge.
I worked for Continental Express Airlines -- the regional carrier for Continental Airlines -- in Victoria, Texas, IATA code VCT. All of our flights were from and to Houston Intercontinental Airport, IATA code IAH. I lost count of how many times passenger luggage went astray because a baggage handler in IAH put the passenger's luggage onto a cart labeled ICT instead of a cart labeled VCT and the luggage ended up in Wichita, Kansas.
My wife did air reservations for 16 years. She knows all the codes for the US and some for Canada and Mexico. Thank you for this video and reference I think she'll like this.
History guy you a wonderful person who shares bits of knowledge with the world. Blessings to you and your higher power. I appreciate you and the opportunities to learn. Thank you 🤔❤🇺🇸
Very interesting and informative video. A few observations: 1) ICAO codes consist of four letters, not digits. 2) The first letter of ICAO codes is a regional identifier, used in every country, except the USA (K) and Canada (C). For example, North and Central America have “M” as the first letter. The second letter identifies the country (Mexico = MM, Nicaragua = MN, Costa Rica = MR). Other region identifiers include Northern Europe = “E”; Southern Europe = “L” and so on. 4) the IATA number codes are generally used in airline and cargo business and accounting (e.g. ticket numbers)
Amundsen-Scott has the New Zealand - South Pole NZSP designation. It does not need an IATA three letter designation as no scheduled airlines fly into this airport. Cheers
CGPGrey did a video on this a while ago that goes into the more technical details of things. Plus he compiled a list of goofy IATA codes at the end (OMG, LOL, etc). Worth checking out after this.
The code for Knoxville, Tennessee is TYS. It stands for McGhee Tyson. Named after Charles McGhee Tyson, a Naval aviator killed in World War One. History that deserves to be remembered.
As always, Lance makes history interesting. I worked for the US Postal Service for a few years and had most US 3-letter airport codes memorized that were destinations for mail bags. I knew what many of the codes meant but had never delved into some of the more esoteric designations (like ORD for O'Hare International actually being short for "Orchard").
I live in Knoxville. Our airport code is TYS. For the Mcghee Tyson airforce base which was there long before they but the commercial airport there as well.
It was originally on Sutherland Avenue and was named after Charles McGhee Tyson, pilot killed in WWI. His mother gave the land I think, and stipulated the airport name. West High is on the original airfield.
Thanks, History Guy! I am a former airline professional and I have a thing about airport codes. Knew most of your stories, but never knew about the 'X' designation for LAX, PDX. Thanks for teaching me something new!!
If there's one subject that can tangle anyone's hair, it is this one. How could they confuse and yet streamline it all at the same time is history that deserves to be told. Thanx THG. Now go have a drink.
I’m home at GEG for Geiger (old air base) in Spokane. Sometimes you see SIA on things. What’s fun if you go to Felts field (small planes) and it’s code if SFF but the building has Spokane International Airport chiseled in stone. I guess before the new commercial airport converted from Geiger it had flights to Canada - hence international
Reminds me of a story. I was at San Jose California airport near the ticket counter when a lady was trying to talk to the ticket lady in a foreign language the ticket lady didn't understand. It was German. I know a little German so tried to help. Turns out the poor lady was trying to get to San Jose Costa Rica, not California. Problem was the person who booked her travel. Fortunately the airline could get her there and didn't charge her any extra. It was a business trip so not a huge deal.
Brings back fond memories of the mid '80s when I started working on the ramp for PeoplExpress, and had to learn all those city codes that we served. East West Runway was my home for 15 years, before moving to IAH.
This was a fun video, enjoyed it. Just a note, Wichita, KS Mid-Continent Airport (ICT) was renamed to Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport in 2015. Interestingly, Wichita natives take a great deal of pride in the ICT moniker, and affectionately refer to the city as "The ICT".
The reason for the 200 mile rule is that is the original range of en-route ATC radar systems. The high altitude ATC system is divided up into centers that at one time had separate codes to track aircraft and two airports with a similar id in the same system could cause confusion, whereas the next center had it’s own separate data set, beyond 200 miles was considered OK.
Ramp rat here - one of the guys working on the field (or tarmac as the media loves to call it) - loved the history! From an aviation guy though I will say hearing IATA and ICAO pronounced as four syllables each was foreign to me; IATA is generally pronounced "eye-at-uh" and ICAO as either "icky-oh" or "ick-cow" within the industry when referring to specifications set forth by the two bodies.
More interesting history about O'Hare: Their namesake son, Butch O'Hare was the son of Al Capone's Lawyer "Easy Eddie" O'Hare. Pannama City Florida (KECP) is Located on Florida's "Emerald Coast" Thus, Emerald Coast Panama City (ECP)
I love your work, but in my mind, the Toronto airport code, YYZ, is the most iconic and probably the only one that has a song named after it (with a rhythm based on YYZ in Morse code) on Rush's Moving Pictures album. Toronto is their home airport.
As an Air Force ROTC cadet at the University of Florida in the sixties, I was part of a group driven down to McCoy AFB for physicals. After graduation I remember the news story about McCoy being closed, then later becoming the civilian airport for Disney World in Orlando. In 2015, to save money on a trip to Portland (PDX), my wife and I drove from Jacksonville to MCO to get a cheaper flight, then drove back from MCO to Jacksonville on returning. Incidentally, the code JAX originally referred to the Imeson Airport just north of the Trout River (a subsidiary of the St. Johns), which was the northern border of the “classic” city of Jacksonville. The current airport, several miles further north of the Trout River, adopted the code and Imeson was shut down, to become the Imeson Industrial Park, with no air access.
When you started talking about the Canadian codes, I thought for sure sure you would mention YYZ and the Rush song that made sure their fans would always know Toronto's airport code.
My journey from DTW to OAK and subsequently from SUU to OKO to TSN was not a happy one but from TSN to OKO to SUU and subsequently from SFO to DTW a year later was outstanding.
This is a great companion piece to CGPGrey's video on the topic. - Air travel things are weird. I also learned, from a Scott Manley video, that an AIREP/PIREP (A weather report for/from planes in flight?) has a stupid mix of units. It can indicate the location of the report in either direction and distance (in nautical miles!) from a nearby airport or NAVAID, OR the longitude and latitude. The report lists the flight level in hundreds of feet above sea level. The temperature is reported in Celsius. Wind speed is given in knots. ...WHAT?!
You mentioned BWI for Baltimore, which used to be BAL. BWI was already taken by Bewani Airport in Papua New Guinea, but that airport wanted a route to Honolulu. The US authorities said they could have it only if they gave up BWI to Baltimore. So BWI switched to BWP in Papua New Guinea and Baltimore became BWI. Perhaps that was a good thing because one time my brother's bags turned up at Bradley Field near Hartford, CT, known as BDL, which bags were tagged BAL but misread. I wonder how many bags mistakenly went to New Guinea or to Baltimore when that changeover occurred. Going to Batman, Turkey? The airport there is now BAL.
As someone who travels between Jersey (JER) and Glasgow (GLA) and occasionally Edinburgh (EDI) and Inverness (INV) I was always baffled by the codes for US airports. So this was very interesting - thank you History Guy!
Another interesting quirk of the IATA/ICAO coding: Key West, FL in IATA is EYW, which seems random. When you add the K from ICAO, it becomes KEYW, which makes perfect sense.
that's however far from universal. For example Amsterdam Schiphol has IATA code SPL (for Schiphol) but ICAO code EHAM (Europe-Holland-Amsterdam). Similarly Paris Charles de Gaulle has IATA code CDG (Charles de Gaulle) but ICAO code LFPG (Southern Europe-France-Paris-de Gaulle). In the UK London Heathrow has IATA code LHR (London Heathrow) but ICAO code EGLL (Europe-Great Britain-London-London). Then again, London Gatwick has an ICAO code that bears little resemblance to its location, EGKK. ICAO codes derive historically from radio stations, and in areas with several stations of course most couldn't have a geographically significant name. And the UK just started out naming its radio stations with double letters, from EGAA through EGZZ.
It never ceases to amaze me: I will be into learning about a topic (this time: aviation) and I will have a question. Somehow, THG ends up answering that question before I even looked it up! It happens frequently! Get out of my head, THG! 😂 Kidding. Thank you for your work! Its valuable information and I greatly appreciate it!
Calgary, Alberta, Canada's airport code is YYC. In a funny twist, some Calgarians will sometimes refer to their city as YYC. In the early 2000's there was a restaurant & bar in Toronto that used it's airport code YYZ as it's name. I once had to fly to the small northern Ontario town of Wawa & was amused to learn their code was YXZ; about as random as one gets.
I remember learning city codes with a bunch of different mnemonics. Louisville, KY is SDF, for instance (Standiford Field) but I learned it as "Some Dead Frenchman" (King Louis)...those little tips were so helpful back in the day.
I always thought the "X" in LAX stood for "International", like in the song "LA International Airport". Ya learn something new every day. Thanks, History Guy!
You may wonder, if ORD is Chicago and Orlando is MCO, does any airport use the code ORL? The answer is yes, Orlando Executive Airport - which used to be Orlando Municipal Airport, the city’s primary airfield while MCO was still an Air Force base.
To add to the confusion, the first electronic aids to navigation which formed the “highways in the sky” were usually put in the center of the airport. Many had to be moved off airport as expansion and construction effected the line of sight reception. Each VOR had it’s own identifier which was the same as the airport identifier but was not always at the airport, sometimes up to 5 miles away. These identifiers were eventually changed and with the addition of GPS navigation, thousands of new “waypoints” now are used - each with it’s own 5 letter “pronounceable” name with no vowels. It is quite a task to name a new waypoint and in fact there is some duplication across the world. Pilots have to be diligent to select the correct waypoint when programming their navigation systems even today.
Mr Bear gave us the background for Nashville International, BNA being identified by Berry Field, which was likely due to so many previous airfields, Hampton, Blackwood, and the first airfield with airline service, Sky Harbor (which was actually south of Nashville in Rutherford county). The local airfield, John C Tune Airport, handles a great deal of helicopter traffic, with the television news stations keeping their aircraft there. It does not have an IATA code, but it does have an ICAO code (KJWN) and an FAA LID (JWN).
The code for the Toronto Pearson International Airport in Toronto, Ontario, Canada is YYZ. When the guys from the Canadian progressive rock trio Rush were writing an instrumental piece for their 1981 album Moving Pictures they needed a title. Drummer Neil Peart suggested YYZ, as whenever he saw this on his ticket or luggage he knew it meant he was headed home. The title was approved and a new opening riff was added to the song. It begins with a pattern played on the crotales (bell-like tone produced by small, flat, tuned discs) that mimics the Morse code radio beacon emitted by the airport to signify which airport aircraft are homing in on.
I searched the comments looking for a Rush fan. Didn't have to look too far.🤘
Ding ba ding ding ding ba ding ding ding ding ba ba Ding ba ding ding ding ba ding ding ding ding ba ba Ding ba ding ding ding ba ding ding ding ding ba ba …. 😂
When THG started on Canadian codes starting with “Y” I thought here we go, he’s going to mention “YYZ” and Rush, only to talk about Montreal instead.
@@christopherdivirgilio9861 Smiling and nodding too! As a RUSH LIFER since April of 1975, I knew there would be "A Family Member(s) here in the audience of The History Guy! Cheers Bruddah
@@adamkernen965 🤣 Gotta Love The Ding Ba Ding!
As a former Airline Pilot, I found this episode very enjoyable. Thanks.
I spent 23 years as an air traffic controller, and thus am very familiar with many airport codes and identifiers. I got accustomed to idiosyncrasies like Orlando being MCO and Newark being EWR, and to this day when I hear the name of some towns I automatically think of the identifier rather than the town's actual spelling (Winslow, Arizona will always be INW to me). But in all those 23 years, all those hours of entering flight plans and route changes and making sure a flight was really going to LSV (Las Vegas, New Mexico) and not LAS (Las Vegas, Nevada), I never, ever noticed that none of the identifiers began with W or N.
You learn something new every day.
LSV is Nellis Air Force Base, LVS is Las Vegas New Mexico :)
@@Hughes757 Oops! I've been out of the game too long...Thanks for the correction.
As another commenter noted, there are some 'N' airports out there from before 'N' got reserved from the Navy. The original main airport in New Orleans (before MSY was built) is still NEW, for example. And, of course, IATA doesn't care about the U.S. Navy, so Nassau is NAS, Tokyo - Narita is NRT, etc.
Or NKC for Nouakchott!
As a former Dispatcher, pilot and various other air-related roles, the IATA and ICAO codes have been my stock in trade for may adult life. Have been a fan of THG for months and now he’s really hitting close to home for me.
Keep up the great stories please.
I've flown over 1 million miles in my lifetime and by now and by default instead of the name of the city, I always think in airport codes as well!
I grew up in Park Ridge, IL near O'Hare Field and remember the old Douglas-Chicago, C-54 "Skymaster" plant as it still existed up until about 1965 before the facility was demolished. A next-door neighbor talked about sometime after the end of WWII of being able to play a game of indoor softball in a portion of the empty aircraft plant as that's how large the facility was. By the way, in 1946 the Douglas-Chicago machinery and many surplus C-54 parts were shipped to the aircraft company, Canadair, in Montreal, Quebec. Canadair used the former Douglas machines and parts to produce their own version of the "Skymaster" known as the DC-4M "Northstar." The main difference between the American version and the Canadian one was that the American version was powered by four Pratt & Whitney R-2000 radial piston engines whereas the Canadian was powered by four of the famous Rolls Royce Merlin in-line piston engines (the Merlin powered iconic WWII aircraft such as the Supermarine "Spitfire," the North American P-51 "Mustang" and the Avro Lancaster bomber).
The northeast corner of the orchard place field stored nazi X-planes like the ME 262 after capture and testing following the war.
Good to see a fellow Park Ridgian! My parents and grandparents grew up there. I lived in Rolling Meadows for 6 years, then AZ for two, and in P.R. for 20 years until moving back to AZ. Park Ridge was a great, but boring place to grow up! (I was 10 to 30 years old living there). I remember the jets seemed like they were landing on our roof sometimes.
@@61rampy65 "the jets seemed like they were landing on our roof sometimes," yes, back when the jetliners were much noisier than today's. I lived on the east side of Park Ridge and consequently they weren't quite as loud as for those living further west nearer to O'Hare. The prop airliners such as DC-6s, Constellations and Convairliners actually had rather pleasant sounds versus the jets.
Having worked for United Airlines for a decade (1986-1996), after my dad worked there for 32 years, this has always been a topic of keen interest for me. I love hearing all the back stories on how airfields and airports were originally named. History, well done!
The history of ORD was my favorite part
Thank you!! 71 years old and I finally now know the method to the madness regarding airport codes... very fascinating.
As it so happens, I still have an ORD luggage tag from 1967 that was on my sea bag when I attended Hospital Corps school at Great Lakes Naval Training Center.
Glad you got to MSY. Quite a story. And on that note, the history of John Moisant and his remarkable sister, and aviator, Matilde Moisant deserve to be remembered...And the cat is Mademoiselle Fifi, a pioneer in feline aviation, who often accompanied him on his flights.
Bravo! If you’re correct that would make an episode.
Small correction: There are a few civilian airport identifiers that do begin with N, such as NEW (New Orleans Lakefront. No air carriers fly there), though the vast majority’s of N’s , are Navy fields.
And as a side note, the original identifier for Kennedy was IDL( part of the airport’s land was bought from and built on , was Idlewild golf course. It was changed to KIA(Kennedy Inlt Airport)within a month of Kennedy’s assassination. Then by the late 60s , the news, especially tv nightly news , constantly referring the the number of soldiers “killed in action” on a daily basis, and the associated horrors, the identifier was changed to JFK. Nice vid!
I think NEW got its code before N became reserved for the Navy. The reservation of 'N' is, for example, why Nashville is BNA and Norfolk is ORF. (On a side note, it seems ironic to me that Norfolk of all places wasn't able to get NOR or similar because of the Navy - considering how closely tied Norfolk is to the Navy.) NEW is a quite old airport, though, previously the main airport in New Orleans. Of course, IATA obviously doesn't reserve N for the U.S. Navy, so Nassau is NAS, Toyko - Narita is NRT, etc.
I live just down the road from "NQX", the naval air station at Boca Chica.
Living in NYC my entire life, I knew its previous name, but didn't know it was called KIA for a few years. I always thought it went straight to JFK. Thanks for clearing that up.
Well, JFK was KIA by LHO (or was it the CIA…)
I believe North Perry airfield in Miramar, Fl was a Navy training field during WW II. It's identifier in the late 60's/early 70's when I flew into it as a civilian field, was NPW. We jokingly called it "North Perry Windmeadow".
Best...UA-cam...video...ever... -Sincerely, An airline employee of 25 years.
I spent 10 yrs working in the airline industry as ground staff Lance and I found this fascinating. Thank you very much for some very informative aviation history!
My goodness, I have always wondered why New Orleans was MSY. Super interesting episode. I love this channel!
I have been a pilot since 1962. I retired from the airlines in 2007. I thought I knew the stories behind Airport codes. Boy, you showed me I only knew about ten percent. Very interesting. Thanks, History Guy,
A curiosity that gets even more curious as you learn the most curious thing of all...what kind of logic is used when they come up with all these things! What a fun little corner of history to explore! Thanks!!!!
Thanks for another memorable episode!
Professional pilot approved! 2 US states don't use the prefix of K. HI and AK. PHNL (Honolulu) PANC (Anchorage), for example.
I just landed at ORD
One of my aviation bucket list items is to fly my Musketeer to an airport whose ICAO code starts with something other than C or K. The nearest candidates (I live in B.C.) are PAKT and MMTJ.
P for Pacific region
@@marsgal42 if you ever do a coast to coast trip across Canada, consider a stop at LFVM…. Technically France but only about 20km offshore from Newfoundland! It would be a unique one for the logbook!
@@theRICKbowman If I lived in eastern Canada the nearest candidates would indeed be LFVM/LFVP and MYGF.
I recently flew (commercially) from Vancouver to London. My Musketeer could just about do it via the usual North Atlantic route (CYYR-BGBW-BIRK-EGPC). Easily with a ferry tank.
"..presumably because of the presence of actual orchards." Golly, I love this guy's dry humor!
I once worked at the Seattle office of an international freight forwarder which shipped freight by both air and sea; I worked in the Air Exports department and obviously most of our freight went from SEA. We were the only office worldwide that called sea freight "Ocean Exports" rather than "Sea Exports."
Of course, because all of your exports were SEA exports.
Thank you, great video as always.
Thank you, THG, another fascinating one - and a nice reminder of how many seemingly mundane little rules and conventions there are beneath the surface making our society actually work, but unless we work in that area we probably rarely think of. Reminds me of the idea to standardise items like nuts and bolts, another thing we kind of take for granted, but without someone coming up with the notion, the world would run a lot less smoothly (of course anyone who has just arrived in Wellington to find their luggage has gone to Puerto Rico will, rightly, roll their eyes at the idea of "smoothly"!)
I just have to say thanks, your videos really helped get me through the lockdowns.. and now seeing you go full force into social media, it's pretty cool. Rock on my friend, history deserves to be remembered!
Fantastic. Lifelong pilot.
Nashville International Airport has the designator of BNA. The B stands for Berry Field, the original name for a military air base that was already there. The NA is presumably for Nashville.
I watched just to hear what you would say about MSY - Louis Armstrong International Airport in New Orleans. You were spot on.
Me too!
Perhaps your best video ever where I can say you told us everything we wanted to know about a subject, and more!
I was surprised to hear my hometown in your video (ICT). I was a travel agent for almost 2 years, and went to a tech school for travel and tourism. I left the job in '98, and the industry has completely changed since 9/11, except for the airport codes. During high school, I began my love of travel, the travel school was a breeze. I had a later job in a call center, where we had outsourced the customer service line to Manila, with a company name of ICT, but I was one of very few people to make the ironic connection.
The Wichita airport did change its name recently from Mid-Continent to Wichita Dwight Eisenhower National airport.
Always enjoy learning on this channel. Just another great example.
ICAO and IATA are normally pronounced as words by people from the industry (/ˌaɪˈkeɪˌoʊ/ and /aɪˈɑːtə/), and not as individual letters.
Great video! 👍🏻
100%. I am surprised someone that supposedly researches never found that out. Everyone in the travel industry never spells out the individual letters but pronounced it as a word :iata. I’ve know that since I started traveling in my teens 40 years ago.
Ah, one of the great mysteries of life finally explained. Good job enjoyed it...
I'm commenting before even watching. This is a great topic! Always wondered about 'ORD'. Thank you for all the talented works.
Thank you The History Guy. Airport codes is a fascinating story.
You never cease to amaze me with how interesting you can make, otherwise mundane seeming subjects, be. I’ve always liked little bits of odd information but your delivery and storytelling just punches everything up. 😄
I love ediing photos while sipping coffee from my History Guy mug listening to the newest History Guy!
The History Guy can make anything interesting.
Maybe a video having something to do with paint drying? Let's challenge The History Guy!
@@christopherlynch3314 good lord, somewhere online (Quora maybe) I wrote a whole diatribe about how to properly apply and dry paint. I’d totally watch a video about paint drying.
it's so true.... 😂
I’ve been in the industry for 15 years and have wondered some of the origins of certain codes you’ve gone over and am so happy to have stumbled across your video. Thank you for the fun bit of knowledge!
Columbus Ohio: CMH (Port Columbus Airport, now John Glenn International). The airport was originally built and owned by the City of Columbus as part of the first transcontinental service (Pennsylvania Railroad from NY to Columbus, then TAT by air from Columbus to Wyanoka, OK; Waynoka to Clovis, NM via Santa Fe Railway, then TAT again from Clovis to Los Angeles. Port Columbus was given the code CMH for "Columbus Municipal Hangar."
Columbus was definitely an early participant in the airplane industry (sadly to the ultimate detriment of our beautiful train station) and as a kid I always assumed that CMH was a combination of letters from Columbus, Ohio. It wasn't until the internet age when I discovered it was really "Columbus Municipal Hanger", and that's what I often call the airport these days :)
Interesting facts, congratulations. My best wishes 🤗
McCoy Air Force Base is pretty much forgotten in Orlando history today. The former SAC base that was home to dozens of B-52s and a scary number of atomic warheads is mostly plowed under the tarmac and hangers of today’s MCO. I would lay odds that most kids that grew up in the area probably only know of the base as Orlando International Airport. It would have saved so much in confusion if they had simply changed the code to OIA. Adding to the confusion, Orlando’s business airport (located about five miles north of the international airport) was once named ‘Herndon Airport’, but is now called ‘Orlando Executive Airport’. And it’s IATA code is ORL.
At least someone got one right.
The MCO code was already assigned to McCoy AFB, so why change it. All USAF, USN, USMC, and USA bases (flying) have IATA codes and they will not change them if converted to civilian use.
I've already memorized MCO, please don't change it now!
@@MrScott1171 Why change it? Because it is no longer for military use. The three letter designation is obsolete and confusing to civilians who now use the airport. Streamlining the code to something far more logical (instead of some antiquated reference to an orchard that hasn’t existed in decades, say) will help prevent the mistakes that The History Guy pointed out. Will it cause confusion to people used to the current system? Yes, but that will pass and people will get used to a much more understandable three letter code. I still put OIA down when booking tickets to my hometown, only to remember that I wasn’t going to Brazil (where the code is assigned currently). ORD can finally be CHI or even OHA and far fewer people will gripe with a new and understandable system.
The biggest problem with the current system is that there are over 17,500 three letter combinations possible, but more than 41,000 airports worldwide (13,000 in the US alone). What do you do for 23,000 airports when you run out of three-letter combinations?
I lived next to MCO in the early 70's. Went to McCoy elementary.
Thanks Walt Disney. F#*$!n rat.
Thx teacher . I have learned about history thru your work , although I was blessed with a private school , I feel that your work has put a cherry on the top of this subject ....I agree 200% with ...history deserves to be remembered 🙏🇨🇱
This is the best video essay that I've listened to or watched. Thank you for your amazing summary. I've known much of this for over a decade due to my ASD/ADHD, and you filled in a few gaps that I didn't even know existed in my knowledge.
Thank you again.
Great vlog as always! I worked for SAS/SK, as you say in the video we also had city center codes for the SAS ticket office in Paris had the company Mail code PAR/HZSK. Fun fact: all airlines Telex reg lost luggage end with… You guessed it, LL. In Norway we have cities with simular names that are far apart. On the southern shores we have the city of Kristiansand and also along the coast an hours flight time we have the city of Kristiansund. The postal service got fed up with the chaos and added an S behind Kristiansand S and an N behind Kristiansund N for North and South. The two cities also had to have the IATA codes. In the south it was a land airport before WW 2 so it was KRS. When Kristiansund N opened its airport on July 1st 1970 KRN was taken, it is Kiruna in Sweden, so it became KSU instead. People still buy tickets to the to cities and mix them up to this day. As luck will have it no pilots have yet to make that mistake the two ICAO codes are ENCN and ENKB. On Christmas Eve in 1982 a passenger walked off the plane at MOL, 50km from KSU. The trip started in Germany and he wanted to fly to Moldova! He got their in time for New years! Lol!
I love you history guy!!
Well done History Guy!
The Rush instrumental piece, "YYZ," gets its title from the code for Toronto's airport. The band would hear the Morse letters as they flew in or see the letters on their luggage tags at the end of tours as a signal that they were coming home. The introduction to the instrumental is the Morse code for YYZ.
Tampa International (FL) has the very logical TPA. However local new always calls it TIA for Tampa International Airport. So occasionally someone books their flight to Tirana International Airport in Albania. Your channel uses THG which you failed to mention is Thangool Airport in Australia.
I hate when people call TPA TIA and often I see people think SRQ is either SRO or SAR
I hate it when I accidentally fly from Miami to Tampa via the Balkans and the outback. 😂
I worked in aviation for nearly 40 years....from accounting to marketing to airport operations..the IATA city codes were an important part of my language. Great show! Love history.
Greetings from NKT-Marine Corps Airstation Cherry Point, NC. I’ve worked there for 10+ years and I have jets from all over flying over me constantly.
I love the video!
WOW! What a wild series of absurdities! =) Great job =)
Back in my working days I spent my time, mostly, as a Shipping and Receiving clerk. The companies I worked for shipped goods all over the world and whether by land of air all good s shipped must have the merchandise identified. When shipping by air I would use the IATA (pronounced as eye-at-ta by many) codes. At one company I ended up saving my company around $50,000 a month in hazardous shipping fees due to a corrosive product in one of the medical kits we had developed. When I discovered there was a loophole IATA code for the concentration of the product by how many parts per million that could be safely shipped and not needing the hazardous declaration I talked to one of the main researchers and explained what was going on he worked at getting the kit re-certified using the lower density of product. I ended up getting a nice letter of commendation for that plus a good payraise.
Washington National Airport (now Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport) is DCA, not DCI. Also interesting is the three letter code for areas with multiple commercial airports. So you can search for WAS to find flights to all three Washington area airports (DCA, IAD, and BWI)
I caught that too!
Some large metro areas have dummy overlay codes (like WAS for the metro DC airports and NYC for the metro New York airports), however, that is not always true. For example, In San Francisco, there's SFO, OAK, and SJC (San Jose), but no overlay code to my knowledge.
It was also renamed in 1998, not 1992. It's still called National by most people who are from the region.
@@gregpatton
Even many of us from other parts of the country still call it National.
@@ajs11201 I use CHI all the time when trying to find the cheapest possible flight out of either ORD (Chicago O'Hare) or MDW (Chicago Midway).
I worked for Continental Express Airlines -- the regional carrier for Continental Airlines -- in Victoria, Texas, IATA code VCT. All of our flights were from and to Houston Intercontinental Airport, IATA code IAH. I lost count of how many times passenger luggage went astray because a baggage handler in IAH put the passenger's luggage onto a cart labeled ICT instead of a cart labeled VCT and the luggage ended up in Wichita, Kansas.
My wife did air reservations for 16 years. She knows all the codes for the US and some for Canada and Mexico. Thank you for this video and reference I think she'll like this.
History guy you a wonderful person who shares bits of knowledge with the world. Blessings to you and your higher power. I appreciate you and the opportunities to learn. Thank you 🤔❤🇺🇸
Very interesting and informative video. A few observations: 1) ICAO codes consist of four letters, not digits. 2) The first letter of ICAO codes is a regional identifier, used in every country, except the USA (K) and Canada (C). For example, North and Central America have “M” as the first letter. The second letter identifies the country (Mexico = MM, Nicaragua = MN, Costa Rica = MR). Other region identifiers include Northern Europe = “E”; Southern Europe = “L” and so on. 4) the IATA number codes are generally used in airline and cargo business and accounting (e.g. ticket numbers)
What a wonderful wordy episode. I love it!
Knowing the codes and keeping an eye on the tags affixed to your checked bags used to be helpful for preventing lost bags.
The airfield at the South Pole is commonly referred to as NPX, which makes a whole lot more sense for the North Pole if there were an airfield there.
The airfield Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station doesn't have an IATA code. It has an ICAO code, NZSP.
Amundsen-Scott has the New Zealand - South Pole NZSP designation. It does not need an IATA three letter designation as no scheduled airlines fly into this airport. Cheers
LOVED this episode! I grew up flying out of EWR and now use ORD or MDW. 😊
Great video. Thank you.
I still have my bag tag from the last time I visited Fukuoka. Because, yes, I am childish.
CGPGrey did a video on this a while ago that goes into the more technical details of things. Plus he compiled a list of goofy IATA codes at the end (OMG, LOL, etc). Worth checking out after this.
Bnashville!
The code for Knoxville, Tennessee is TYS. It stands for McGhee Tyson. Named after Charles McGhee Tyson, a Naval aviator killed in World War One. History that deserves to be remembered.
As always, Lance makes history interesting. I worked for the US Postal Service for a few years and had most US 3-letter airport codes memorized that were destinations for mail bags. I knew what many of the codes meant but had never delved into some of the more esoteric designations (like ORD for O'Hare International actually being short for "Orchard").
Thanks for covering Canadian codes, those are the most puzzling.
This was GREAT! A lot of things I didn’t know that had me scratching my head were answered! Keep these coming!
I live in Knoxville. Our airport code is TYS. For the Mcghee Tyson airforce base which was there long before they but the commercial airport there as well.
It was originally on Sutherland Avenue and was named after Charles McGhee Tyson, pilot killed in WWI. His mother gave the land I think, and stipulated the airport name. West High is on the original airfield.
Good Friday morning from Ft Worth TX History Guy and everyone watching. Happy Father's Day to all dads
Thanks, History Guy! I am a former airline professional and I have a thing about airport codes. Knew most of your stories, but never knew about the 'X' designation for LAX, PDX. Thanks for teaching me something new!!
Thank you for sharing!
Excellent!
If there's one subject that can tangle anyone's hair, it is this one. How could they confuse and yet streamline it all at the same time is history that deserves to be told. Thanx THG. Now go have a drink.
I’m home at GEG for Geiger (old air base) in Spokane. Sometimes you see SIA on things. What’s fun if you go to Felts field (small planes) and it’s code if SFF but the building has Spokane International Airport chiseled in stone. I guess before the new commercial airport converted from Geiger it had flights to Canada - hence international
Reminds me of a story. I was at San Jose California airport near the ticket counter when a lady was trying to talk to the ticket lady in a foreign language the ticket lady didn't understand. It was German. I know a little German so tried to help. Turns out the poor lady was trying to get to San Jose Costa Rica, not California. Problem was the person who booked her travel. Fortunately the airline could get her there and didn't charge her any extra. It was a business trip so not a huge deal.
Do you know the way to San Jose, I've been away so long, I might go wrong and lose my way.
I appreciate you, thank you for making content.
Brings back fond memories of the mid '80s when I started working on the ramp for PeoplExpress, and had to learn all those city codes that we served.
East
West
Runway
was my home for 15 years, before moving to
IAH.
This was a fun video, enjoyed it. Just a note, Wichita, KS Mid-Continent Airport (ICT) was renamed to Dwight D. Eisenhower National Airport in 2015. Interestingly, Wichita natives take a great deal of pride in the ICT moniker, and affectionately refer to the city as "The ICT".
The reason for the 200 mile rule is that is the original range of en-route ATC radar systems. The high altitude ATC system is divided up into centers that at one time had separate codes to track aircraft and two airports with a similar id in the same system could cause confusion, whereas the next center had it’s own separate data set, beyond 200 miles was considered OK.
Ramp rat here - one of the guys working on the field (or tarmac as the media loves to call it) - loved the history! From an aviation guy though I will say hearing IATA and ICAO pronounced as four syllables each was foreign to me; IATA is generally pronounced "eye-at-uh" and ICAO as either "icky-oh" or "ick-cow" within the industry when referring to specifications set forth by the two bodies.
In the FAA, we refer to ICAO as Eye-Kay-Oh.
I remember it as Eye-Cow.
My three favorite airports are DFW, KBP and FRK!!! 🤠👍
More interesting history about O'Hare: Their namesake son, Butch O'Hare was the son of Al Capone's Lawyer "Easy Eddie" O'Hare.
Pannama City Florida (KECP) is Located on Florida's "Emerald Coast" Thus, Emerald Coast Panama City (ECP)
I love your work, but in my mind, the Toronto airport code, YYZ, is the most iconic and probably the only one that has a song named after it (with a rhythm based on YYZ in Morse code) on Rush's Moving Pictures album. Toronto is their home airport.
As an Air Force ROTC cadet at the University of Florida in the sixties, I was part of a group driven down to McCoy AFB for physicals. After graduation I remember the news story about McCoy being closed, then later becoming the civilian airport for Disney World in Orlando.
In 2015, to save money on a trip to Portland (PDX), my wife and I drove from Jacksonville to MCO to get a cheaper flight, then drove back from MCO to Jacksonville on returning.
Incidentally, the code JAX originally referred to the Imeson Airport just north of the Trout River (a subsidiary of the St. Johns), which was the northern border of the “classic” city of Jacksonville. The current airport, several miles further north of the Trout River, adopted the code and Imeson was shut down, to become the Imeson Industrial Park, with no air access.
What got New Zealanders confused?
Well, they call themselves kiwis, a bird that don't fly, so when the subject is airport...
I’m a Kiwi helicopter pilot. So some of us can fly! 😂
Have you Aussie blood by any chance? 😄
Quite possibly a NZer was the first to fly..en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Pearse
Yeah nah... Lol
When you started talking about the Canadian codes, I thought for sure sure you would mention YYZ and the Rush song that made sure their fans would always know Toronto's airport code.
. . . and the Morse code for YYZ.
Came here looking to make a post about the best airport code, but I guess you already did.
And I'm off to the airport code website, to find out why, YYZ.
Same here. My favorite band of all time!
YYZ is a fantastic instrumental piece, by the way. One of their best songs.
My journey from DTW to OAK and subsequently from SUU to OKO to TSN was not a happy one but from TSN to OKO to SUU and subsequently from SFO to DTW a year later was outstanding.
This is a great companion piece to CGPGrey's video on the topic.
-
Air travel things are weird. I also learned, from a Scott Manley video, that an AIREP/PIREP (A weather report for/from planes in flight?) has a stupid mix of units.
It can indicate the location of the report in either direction and distance (in nautical miles!) from a nearby airport or NAVAID, OR the longitude and latitude.
The report lists the flight level in hundreds of feet above sea level.
The temperature is reported in Celsius.
Wind speed is given in knots.
...WHAT?!
You mentioned BWI for Baltimore, which used to be BAL. BWI was already taken by Bewani Airport in Papua New Guinea, but that airport wanted a route to Honolulu. The US authorities said they could have it only if they gave up BWI to Baltimore. So BWI switched to BWP in Papua New Guinea and Baltimore became BWI. Perhaps that was a good thing because one time my brother's bags turned up at Bradley Field near Hartford, CT, known as BDL, which bags were tagged BAL but misread. I wonder how many bags mistakenly went to New Guinea or to Baltimore when that changeover occurred. Going to Batman, Turkey? The airport there is now BAL.
As someone who travels between Jersey (JER) and Glasgow (GLA) and occasionally Edinburgh (EDI) and Inverness (INV) I was always baffled by the codes for US airports. So this was very interesting - thank you History Guy!
Another interesting quirk of the IATA/ICAO coding: Key West, FL in IATA is EYW, which seems random. When you add the K from ICAO, it becomes KEYW, which makes perfect sense.
that's however far from universal.
For example Amsterdam Schiphol has IATA code SPL (for Schiphol) but ICAO code EHAM (Europe-Holland-Amsterdam).
Similarly Paris Charles de Gaulle has IATA code CDG (Charles de Gaulle) but ICAO code LFPG (Southern Europe-France-Paris-de Gaulle).
In the UK London Heathrow has IATA code LHR (London Heathrow) but ICAO code EGLL (Europe-Great Britain-London-London).
Then again, London Gatwick has an ICAO code that bears little resemblance to its location, EGKK.
ICAO codes derive historically from radio stations, and in areas with several stations of course most couldn't have a geographically significant name. And the UK just started out naming its radio stations with double letters, from EGAA through EGZZ.
It never ceases to amaze me: I will be into learning about a topic (this time: aviation) and I will have a question. Somehow, THG ends up answering that question before I even looked it up! It happens frequently!
Get out of my head, THG! 😂 Kidding. Thank you for your work! Its valuable information and I greatly appreciate it!
Calgary, Alberta, Canada's airport code is YYC. In a funny twist, some Calgarians will sometimes refer to their city as YYC. In the early 2000's there was a restaurant & bar in Toronto that used it's airport code YYZ as it's name. I once had to fly to the small northern Ontario town of Wawa & was amused to learn their code was YXZ; about as random as one gets.
I grew up near YZR. Sarnia, Ontario. Zarnia I guess? I assume this is one of the ones that refers to their radio frequency.
I remember learning city codes with a bunch of different mnemonics. Louisville, KY is SDF, for instance (Standiford Field) but I learned it as "Some Dead Frenchman" (King Louis)...those little tips were so helpful back in the day.
My personal favorite one is Sioux City. Code....SUX. That one is just hilarious!! 😂
I know it strange but I think this is VERY INTERESTING.
I knew airport codes were kooky. Thanks History Guy!
I always thought the "X" in LAX stood for "International", like in the song "LA International Airport". Ya learn something new every day. Thanks, History Guy!
You may wonder, if ORD is Chicago and Orlando is MCO, does any airport use the code ORL? The answer is yes, Orlando Executive Airport - which used to be Orlando Municipal Airport, the city’s primary airfield while MCO was still an Air Force base.
To add to the confusion, the first electronic aids to navigation which formed the “highways in the sky” were usually put in the center of the airport. Many had to be moved off airport as expansion and construction effected the line of sight reception. Each VOR had it’s own identifier which was the same as the airport identifier but was not always at the airport, sometimes up to 5 miles away. These identifiers were eventually changed and with the addition of GPS navigation, thousands of new “waypoints” now are used - each with it’s own 5 letter “pronounceable” name with no vowels. It is quite a task to name a new waypoint and in fact there is some duplication across the world. Pilots have to be diligent to select the correct waypoint when programming their navigation systems even today.
Mr Bear gave us the background for Nashville International, BNA being identified by Berry Field, which was likely due to so many previous airfields, Hampton, Blackwood, and the first airfield with airline service, Sky Harbor (which was actually south of Nashville in Rutherford county). The local airfield, John C Tune Airport, handles a great deal of helicopter traffic, with the television news stations keeping their aircraft there. It does not have an IATA code, but it does have an ICAO code (KJWN) and an FAA LID (JWN).