How "Cold-Blooded" Animals Survive the Cold
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- Опубліковано 20 січ 2021
- We humans can rely on our internal body heat to help keep us warm. But what can cold-blooded animals do when faced with the threat of freezing? Here are three creatures that have come up with some...“cool” solutions.
Hosted by: Michael Aranda
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Sources:
Overall
doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00016...
Painted Turtles
doi.org/10.1113/jphysiol.2002...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20535...
doi.prg/10.1242/jeb.01123
Wood Frogs
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32638...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16244...
medcraveonline.com/JIG/JIG-06...
Antarctic Nematodes
doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone....
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28082...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12477...
doi.org/10.1007/s00360-007-02...
Thank you to Prof. Jon Costanzo for the footage of the thawing wood frog, and Prof. D.A. Wharton for the footage of the freezing & thawing Antarctic nematode!
Image Sources:
Prof. D.A. Wharton, Department of Zoology, University of Otago.
Jon Costanzo, Professor Emeritus, Miami University ( • Time-lapse video of a ... )
www.istockphoto.com/vector/cu...
www.istockphoto.com/photo/pai...
www.istockphoto.com/photo/top...
www.nsf.gov/news/mmg/mmg_disp...
www.istockphoto.com/photo/fro...
www.istockphoto.com/photo/nee...
www.inaturalist.org/observati...
www.istockphoto.com/photo/clo...
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
www.istockphoto.com/vector/an...
www.istockphoto.com/vector/ca...
www.istockphoto.com/photo/pai...
0:13 I mean style points for putting a sweater on a turtle.
"It does no good to put a sweater on a turtle." Strongly disagree. It might not make it any warmer but it would look cute as hell.
Damn it Gary, your making a lot of sense.
Knock it off, Gary!
What about ugly Christmas sweaters on turtles? Less cute or mor cute?
@@01firstlast More!
😂
@13 seconds of demonic screeching OH NO
Weather: “Winter is here, baby!”
Invertebrates: “Guess I’ll-“
Weather: “die?”
Invertebrates: “No, freeze. Wake me when it’s spring. 🥱”
My favorite realisation was that cold and warm blooded creatures are different forms of efficient. Enzymes are pretty temperature dependent so warm blooded creatures can get by with a "small" set but then have to control their temperature. On the other hand, cold blooded creatures don't need to spend energy to maintain a stable temperature but instead need to have a much larger selection of enzymes available for different temperatures.
Me, seeing the title: Oh awesome, I always wanted to know how *snakes* survived the winter!
SciShow: So anyway let's talk about our favorite cold-blooded animal, the *nematode*.
Me:
Micro snakes :)
I was thinking the same about spiders. I saw one building a web in the garden the other night when temps dropped into the 50s. (OK, I am in So Cal.).
50 - 32 = 18
18 ÷ 1.8 = 10
Oh, 10°C :)
If you want nightmare fuel, some snakes congregate in groups of hundreds to huddle together during cold weather.
depends on the species and area, but most snakes enter burmation. it's kinda like a semi-hibernation. hunker down somewhere to keep as warm as possible, sleep often and slow metabolism to as low as possible while burning just enough fat to stay above freezing, but if a warm front of particularly warm day hits they're still awake enough to slither right out and hunt/sun themselves real quick before hunkering down.
@@massimookissed1023 Hvergelmir
The turtles hang out in the ponds under the ice with all the birds
I appreciate this. I'm not sure how many people know anymore that people believed that.
@@daemon2426 im a giant history nerd
Made me think of that video by Minute Earth called something like 'the birds that spend the winter in lakes.' That was probably the most clickbaity title by a serious channel in history.
@@sephirothjc birds that hibernate in lakes.
Frozen Wood Frogs.....That was something mentioned in Avatar: The Last Airbender. Neat.
Suck on them, it was in Avatar so it must be true
@@ronaldyang2295 Only if you have an illness that warrants it of course.
@@serge263 yes your highness
I always found that weird. Turns out, it wasn't made up!
That show is a classic, my middle school days
I remember reading a book that way back in the old days people actually thought birds would rest at the bottom of lakes during the winter
So that's where the ducks go during the winter! (Guess the reference) :D
I just watched the Ted-ed video on that titled "The spear-wielding stork who revolutionized science" this morning
I have no idea why people would come up with such idea when the reality that they fly somewhere warmer should have been obvious.
@@DogFoxHybrid Sometimes the obvious is illusive. Apparently, the idea of a centaur came about when Ancient Greeks saw Hun horsemen at a distance and thought they were the same creature, not the more obvious solution of someone riding a horse.
@@ckl9390 the cyclops might have been inspired by a mammoth skull. The big hole in the front where the trunk connects might have been mistaken for an eye socket.
Wood frogs are actually pretty cool. Other than freezing over winter when they croak they sound like ducks. They are found in vernal forest pools in early spring where they lay their eggs. When the vernal pools dry up the frogs are turned out to live the rest of the year in the forest. I love wood frogs and painted turtles.
@@_DeadEnd_ lol. The first time I found them I was confused. I couldn't find the ducks. Lol.
Back when I used to ice fish I used to wonder why perch are active all year, bass are sluggish in the cold, and burbot are most active in the cold.
Imagine going to sleep as a ball of ice and waking up as a scientific paper on how your kind doesn't freeze to death.
Once i find a job becoming a member will be one of the first things i buy
...okay
Priorities my guy. Yours are incorrect
Good luck with the job search!
@@ryanvess6162 Hey if they don't have enough financial responsibilities to prevent them from having disposable income then there's nothing wrong with wanting to support a channel. Everybody has their own needs and priorities.
@@ryanvess6162 imposing personal beliefs of appropriate financial priorities on other individuals without fully knowing their life circumstances isn’t appropriate behavior itself. Entertainment is something people spend money on to improve their mental health. If he forgoes buying $60 videogames and decides to make financial contributions to a channel he likes to make him happy, then that’s totally acceptable behavior.
I always wonder about this. This video was the perfect video to post today as a birthday gift to me.
ITS NOT FOR YOU ITS MY BIRTHDAY GIFT
HAPPY BIRTHDAY!
Happy birthday
You always wondered about something and never took the time to google it?? Im calling shenanigans.. You just wanted attention for ur bday.
Happybirthday
Happy birthday! I hope it goes well 😊
Like some humans say “life finds a way”
Very true, but it makes you wonder. If individual cells are mostly the same, why do humans die when their core tempature gets only a few degrees colder but other animals don't? Like what do those few degrees actually do? We're weird creatures.
So does death...
@@zaptowee6625 DNA. Sure Eukaryotic cells have similar physiology, but the proteins produced through differing genes makes all the difference. When one cell is capable of making a protein with enzymatic functions that efficiently breaks active groups off of, let's say, botulinum toxin, then that cell effectively becomes immune to that substance's I'll effects. It's a similar idea for surviving just about anything. Proteins are responsible for *that* much in the cell.
This person made a movie reference, so why are we discussing the complexities of life in their reply section?
@@ianhall7513 for real.
@@zaptowee6625 I think that is true of all mammals like dogs etc. A dog cannot survive in a frozen lake very long either.
Completely unrelated but Michael's voice is so soothing 😴
Michael has a very soothing voice.
Yesss ❤️
If anyone is curious about the painted turtles, snake discovery recently put up a video about it with footage they found of turtles actually in those frozen ponds
Wha'do mean it does basically no good to put a sweater on a turtle? That sounds adorable!
I'd like to know how cold-blooded animals can remain active in cold conditions. For instance, here in San Diego we have lizards, which are only active when the weather is warm. But we also have salamanders, which seem to be most active in cold weather only come out at night and are most active in cold weather. How do the salamanders thrive in conditions that would put lizards into torpor?
Mis-interpretate me but look at some viruses, more than half of them will have found a symbiotic way to live among "higher" animals, like herpes. Those tiny "objects" are like zombie, and some people'd say "we" share 5 to 8 percent of the "genes" with them, so if there's some zombie stuff lurking in dark-angled part of some mammals. If one has ways to relate to dead (but) moving stuff
The salamanders would be nocturnal because of the lizards, to avoid competition. As for how they're nocturnal, they've probably adapted to not need as high of a body temp to be active. Having a body even a few degrees cooler can make a lot of difference.
The Axolotl as well as coast stars (sea star) can regrow recent parts of their body, like some crab animals get a new "scissor" when that part gets lost. some scorpions survive "almost everything", some bugs can stay in rooms through the entire cold season seemingly eating nothing, snails can sleep for three years and that list of tough life'd go on i guess. It's "us the humans" that are the weakest link.
Different enzymes (the proteins that make the chemical reactions inside your body) work better at different temperatures, so just use the ones adapted to your temperatures
@@ronwesilen4536 does that kinda happen on it own?
Ok, it's clear that we are going to be invaded by alien super frogs that could survive the long space travel.
I learned about the painted turtle's tricks just recently on Snake Discovery's channel!
There is a natural spring lake near my house that is always warm no matter the temperature. It is always 70+ degrees even if there is snow on the ground. :) I love watching the steam rise up from the water when it is cold. Lots of turtles, frogs, fish, plants and other creatures live there too and because of protections are the only ones that can swim in it. :D - Heidi
I JUST googled this yesterday! What a coincidence! Thanks! 😃
Good to see you getting back in shape
This is really cool science!
Life finds a way
Ha!
Nature is just so awesome! Ty for the video. =)
So that’s how my ex survives the winter.
You better watch out, you better not cry, because your ex is coming, to punch you in the eye.
@@hiimryan2388
Let's hope their ex is a nematode and incapable of doing so.
makes me happy knowing the Terrapin's at my local lake are doing well :)
I've always wondered! Thx!!!
Utterly fascinating.
I never cease to be amazed by these creatures, truly spectacular!!!
As I learned from RPGs the more of an element a critter has the more elemental damage and resistance it will have to that element. So I would expect cold blooded animals to be frost resistant and to deal frost damage.
Great vid, i have honestly wondered this. Keep it up.
My dad at one point was digging a hole in the dead of winter in the American Midwest and found several dozen snakes cuddled up together in a tight-packed ball.
So glad you decided to let us see both your eyes again.
I love that you mention wood frogs. I love these little guys. They come out every springtime thaw and ribbit up a storm, you can hear them for miles. They eat all the mosquito larvae. And then the cranes come and eat all the frogs.
I fetched myself a hot water bottle for my cold feet before I sat down and watched this video. I think I might want to get a blanket too after :P
Great video
This is like a question I've though of for years
Wow super cool episode guys
Top explanations
0:11 that is definitely a missed chance to make a pun with turtlenecks
I used to dislike anytime it wasn't Hank teaching a SciShow but now I like just about all of the hosts.
I was actually thinking about this early today.
Ambibia had an episode where the frog people in wartwood freeze up in the winter. I think it was a reference to the woodfrogs. Neat.
One of the best hosts.
Good one
SnakeDiscovery just made a video on this!! It’s super cool!
#buttbreathing
This is frekin awesome
1:08-2:10 i couldnt stop laughing that frog is literally an overpowered character
dude michael's hair looks amazing lol
Nice vid
3:47 what about tardigrades? They're animals as well
I think they only survive any hardship by fully desiccating first, not truly freeze.
I think they can only survive the freezing temperatures if they desiccate into a tun before doing it, they dont really survive the ice in their cells as far as I know
Thanks i knew about Michael Hill! He was my professor in Oxford and told us about FBC14 algorithm!
Fascinating
To be fair I’ve never tried to survive a winter under pond ice or frozen in Antarctica, maybe I could do it
Only one way to find out
I’ve always been fascinated how turtles and frogs can survive the harsh winters up here in Minnesota.
You mentioned that being cold is uncomfortable for humans because we are warm blooded. Would you ever do an ep on Reynaud's disorder? To my knowledge it is a circulation issue, I have it myself. It makes it painful to be chilly and causes fingers and toes to go numb and change color even from AC cooling. How does it actually work?
This is how we get to Buck Rogers & Captain America , Dylan Hunt, Ripley, Khan , Frankenstein's Monster, and Woody Allen.
3:05 frogs make blood ice cream.
*sees chicken as life guard* ME JUMPS IN POOL 🤗 "I WANNA BE SAVEDD 😍
Apparently there's also a moth that lives in one of the arctics that freezes until like the two weeks of spring and feeds during the short spring and then freezes over again until it has enough energy to become a moth and then it dies off but it can live about 40 years 20 to 40 years depending I think
Talking about turtles under the ice and doesn’t mention BUTT BREATHING *shakes head* disappointed cloacal respiration needs more air time lol
I just wheezed like a tea kettle
wow, I mean WOW!
Don't discount your ability to survive frozen under a bed of leaves, Michael. I believe in you! You can do anything you put your mind to!
I have a red-eared slider. It lives in a small pond during the warm seasons and during winter it actually burrows underground. I didn't know they could do that.
Dude called ice a crystal structure. Sir hank green has confirmed ice is a rock on tiktok
I learned today that frozen wood frogs would taste sweet if you took a bite
Next do how do warm blooded animals stay warm
Ahhh butt breathing. Turtles are fascinating.
Carrots and parsnips avoid freezing just like those frogs, by sugar infusing their cells. Which is why they taste so much better after they've survived some cold. Hmm, I wonder...
That is insane
When I was very young, I froze a bullfrog for a day expecting it to be dead upon dissection. It thawed enough to wake up half open, to my shock and surprise.
The actual question about the freezing frogs is less how they manage to not get their cells damaged by freezing, but what makes their hearts start again out of nothing after having defrosted.
I never thought about what turtles do for winter. I figured they hibernated until it got warmer.
I’ve found these frogs back home in Alaska as a kid. Always weirded me out because I Knew they were going to come back to life one.
I didn’t even know we had frogs in Alaska until I found one frozen 😂
I heard fish could be frozen and brought back to life when I was a kid. My mom wouldn’t let me try the experiment. Nematodes scare me a little. One of the first things you study as a biologist. They are not like other living things. They are different.
They are nematodes
@@JK-he5xh primitive vs evolved
If you're trying to freeze your self for a Nintendo Wii, be warned, you can end up in a time where it becomes an ancient technology.
Then you have got to deal with talking otters.
Mitochondria is the powerhouse of the cell.
From Its okay to be Smart.
Turtles be like: But wait, there’s more...
As Emily from Snake Discovery says, 'butt breathing!'. Yup, some cold blooded critters use their, uh, butts as an oxygen exchange membrane.
Painted turtles going in slow-mo. Not much of a stretch!🐢🐢🐢🐢🐢🐢
Real Science made a really good video about the wood frogs 2 days ago
They are ickle survivalists. They light little fires to keep warm. Sometimes have little weenie roasts too 🤣😉
Nice video! What about FBC14 algorithm review?
If there's one thing i've learnt, it's that i need to suck on those frozen frogs to recover from a cold.
Crab Check:
No. There were no crabs in this video.
So which do you think is more badass? The frozen wood frog or the horned frog that survived a 100-year trip through a Texas town's time capsule?
Im suprised this video didn't mention Alligators who stick their noses out of ponds when winter freezes over.
Some turtles, when under frozen ice in low oxygen environments, use a special method of breathing to extract extra oxygen. It's called cloacal breathing. It's as gross as it sounds.
I just realized that those wood frogs that freeze are the ones in Avatar the last airbender when Sokka and Katara were sick. I wonder if they really due cure flu when you suck on them while frozen lol
I hear those frogs work great for fevers.
I like to think these animals make small fires and use those to keep warm and that’s what I’m going to stick with.
How...how is the frog alive if its heart isn't beating
What about Water Bears/Tardigrade surly they can be frozen many times as well as Nematode worms without harm as they can push all the water out of their bodies.
Oh, turtles put themselves in slowmo? Shocker.
I found the bermuda triangle on that Micheal's face.
Seems like being suspended in animation maybe harder to come back from rather than cryogenic...
So mind some "winterhard" vegetables like some salads or birch trees that could had prepared some natural form of chemical stuff humans use to prevent freezing
Perrenials: guess ill die