How Quantum Mechanics Predicts All The Elements
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- Опубліковано 31 тра 2024
- Signup for your FREE trial to Wondrium here: ow.ly/dSdf30rNQ6w - Be sure to check out, "Understanding the Periodic Table" by Prof. Ron Davis - I highly recommend it!
References for further study:
Chart of shell structure of all atoms:
Solving the Schrodinger equation for Hydrogen: tinyurl.com/y5h5flhx also tinyurl.com/29x5mzjl
Chapters:
0:00 - The question: Why atoms are structured this way
1:30 - It's all about energy
2:48 - How Schrodinger equation predicts elements
3:20 - Why are shell numbers so special?
6:08 - The key to solving the wave function
8:33 - Visualizing atoms from wave function
9:44 - How shell configurations correspond to periodic table
12:02 - Orbitals and shells are not the same
13:00 - Learn more about the periodic table
Summary:
Why do certain elements have similar properties? Because of the way electrons are arranged around the nucleus of atoms. But why are electrons arranged specifically in certain orbitals and shells? The structure of atoms can be predicted by quantum mechanics. It can explain the entire periodic table of elements.
Some configurations of electrons are more energy efficient than others. And this energy can be calculated using the Schrodinger equation. The lowest energy configurations of electrons is when the electron shells are either empty or full. What are atomic shells? The Bohr model of the hydrogen atom showed that electrons can only exist in certain stable orbits around a nucleus where its angular momentum is proportional to Planck’s constant. These are like shells around the nucleus.
Erwin Schrodinger showed that rather than being confined to an orbit like a planet, an electron is a matter wave that forms a probability cloud in 3D space smeared around the nucleus.
The Schrodinger equation showed that each shell has a maximum number of electrons it can hold. The inner most shell holds a maximum 2 electrons, the second 8 electrons, then 18, then 32, then 50, then 72 and so on. Chemistry is about substances exchanging or sharing electrons in order to fully fill up these shells
To understand why certain shells can only hold a specific number of electrons, we have to solve the Schrödinger equation, which is just a statement of energy conservation. It says that total energy is equal to potential energy plus kinetic energy. This equation can be solved most easily for the hydrogen atom because it is the simplest atom - just one electron orbiting one proton.
The key term to solve is psi, the wave function of the atom. It represents a value that is related to the probability of the atom being in certain quantum states. In order to solve these, you have to specify some quantum values for the atom, which are represented by n, l and m -- n the electron shell layer, l is a quantum number defining the orbital angular momentum, and m specifies the orientation in space of the orbital.
When we plug in different values for n, l, and m in the Schrodinger equation for the hydrogen atom, it also approximately represents the solution to ALL the quantum states of electrons for any other atom. So, this equation allows us to predict how electrons behave for all the elements of the periodic table.
Different values of n, l and m can be shown to represent different structures of atoms because these quantum numbers explain the possible shells or orbitals available to the electrons.
We find that they total number of configurations is equal the electron shell numbers. So, the structure of the periodic table can be understood just by solving the Schrödinger equation for the hydrogen atom.
But can the hydrogen solution really work for all atoms? The answer no, this hydrogen solution isn’t exactly correct. It gets less accurate for larger atoms. So if you look in detail, there are some small variations for the larger atoms. And in those cases, the orbits can be occupied in a slightly different ways.
But the problem is that the Schrodinger equation becomes so unwieldy for large atoms, that it cannot be solved. But since we can solve it exactly for hydrogen, it can give us a good understanding for other atoms nevertheless.
Solving for the wave function also shows for example, the the orbits associated with a higher value of “l” are not necessarily the shells with the next lowest energy. This is why you learned in chemistry, that instead of starting the d-orbit in the third row, you start with the next s-orbit. The reason is because the wave function shows that when “n=4” and “l=0” in the s-orbit, it is actually more energy efficient than at the d-orbit. But after that, it becomes more efficient to fill up the d-orbitals.
#quantummechanics
#atomicstructure
#atomicshells
So simply put, depending on the quantum numbers of the wavefunction, you fill up the orbits in terms of what requires the least energy. And voila, you get the periodic table! At the end of the day, chemistry is just quantum mechanics with electrons! - Наука та технологія
Fantastic! I’m a chemist and you explained the concept in a 20 min video that took me 4 years to understand!
But really, mate. There will be more elements coming from other planets. To mix. Gunpowder and a handwarmer my chem firsts(made that latter in a coke can). I am not a chemist. Just an engineer. But really, as a civil engineer, a chemist as well. Is not mixing concrete chemistry? I add ginger ale for cold areas. Most people don't know that. I can explain why it is necessary. I actually added that to military training. 30 years ago. The bubbles better for freeze/thaw. How concrete works. 5% entrainment a good rule.
Four years??
You should sue your teacher.
Which university did you go to?
Javier, you are a very slow learner.
@@professormoriarty6875 😂🤣😂🤣
@@professormoriarty6875 my niece got a degree from a religious university. As my dad from Johnson Bible College. They are dumb as shit. I have degrees from Indiana Business College and a military trained civil engineer. Bullshit religious college education shouldn't be recognized. At least my kids went to state Universities. Better money spent.
I had to pause at 2:03 because WHY DID NOBODY EVER TELL ME ELECTRONS WERE IN ORBITALS BECAUSE OF A PROPORTION TO PLANKS CONSTANT. This makes some of the things that I've always considered weirdly arbitrary make wat more sense and this man just explained that in 1 sentence. Incredible
true for so much of shoddy explanation. 'Oh, you didn't know that?"
Well done. You explained Schrödinger-Equation, the Atom, the Electron, the Chemical-Elements, and the Periodic-Table in one-go and in just 15-minutes in a clear language and beautiful diagrams. Congratulations for you and your channel, and congratulations for those who watch the video. Even if one knows all the information you stated; watching the video is a very good brief reminder. Thanks.
I had a course in quantum physics last year, and boy do I wish that I had found this video back then. You clearly explained roughly 4 two hour long lectures in less than 15 minutes, im amazed!
This video reminded me of a time when I was in secondary school - during a particularly tedious Chemistry class on slaked lime, I was staring at a poster on the wall of the periodic table, noticed that every two rows would have the next number in the 2n^2 sequence, and spent the entire lesson extending the periodic table as much as I could instead of doing the actual work. I think I got up to around 650 elements by the time the lesson ended.
Thank god , whole world is lucky, the class ended in time!
I did the same too! I got till n=12. It felt like discovering new elements secretly.
Thanks for pointing that out, I was looking at the number of electrons per shell and saw there was a relation, but couldn’t put my finger on it. 2(n)^2 I is definitely valid to find maximum possible electrons on any given shell. I can’t find any info on the maximum number of shells that a nucleus could have. A 100th shell would have 20,000 electrons although where is the limit?
Wow good eye and stay in chemistry we need more minds
I think the electron orbital Schroedinger equation has been solved exactly up to Beryllium, even going as far as using lattice QCD to approximate the size/charge distribution of the nucleus, and that used supercomputers to figure out.
I like how you dissolved my resistance to equations by simplifying them by breaking them down quickly into potential, kinetic and total. Great job!
The Schrodinger equation predicts the structure of the atom. Making predictions to track targets, goals and objectives is a syntropic process -- teleological.
Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy).
Mathematical equations are designed/created to optimize predictions hence quantum mechanics is
born from syntropy! Schrodinger used syntropic thinking to derive his equation:-
Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
Syntropy is the origin of quantum mechanics.
Equality implies duality.
All mathematical equations are dualities.
Y = X.
Y is equal to X. Y is the same, similar, equivalent or dual to X. Y is dual to X.
Same is dual to different, homo is dual to hetero.
The Schrodinger equation and all other equations are proof of syntropy in action.
Inclusion is dual to exclusion.
Duality is the origin of the Pauli exclusion principle.
Spin up is dual to spin down, particles are dual to anti-particles -- the Dirac equation.
Bosons are dual to Fermions -- atomic duality.
Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality -- the spin statistics theorem.
The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg matrix representation.
Certainty is dual to uncertainty -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle.
Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in projective geometry.
The point duality theorem is dual to the line duality theorem.
Projective points are dual to projective lines
Null vectors or light rays are perpendicular to themselves from our perspective -- self duality.
Photons or light waves are dual to themselves -- pure energy is therefore dual.
Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
btw: my son asked about the boundary between chemistry and physics, and my (correct) explanation did not hit home. We'll watch this together today, I think it will make sense to him.
Chemistry is just about the behavior of electron systems ie atoms, they are kind of, but physics is the understanding of deeper level of reality
2:00 nice touch on blinking Bohr.
Hello, I am a big fan of you. My name is Youngjun and I am an elementary schooler in South Korea. I am very interested in Quantum mechanics and you posted another great video. Thank you!
This is awesome! I have a minor in chemistry. All those classes and I never understood why. I just memorized things. This was over 20 years ago. But this is still awesome!
The Schrodinger equation predicts the structure of the atom. Making predictions to track targets, goals and objectives is a syntropic process -- teleological.
Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy).
Mathematical equations are designed/created to optimize predictions hence quantum mechanics is
born from syntropy! Schrodinger used syntropic thinking to derive his equation:-
Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
Syntropy is the origin of quantum mechanics.
Equality implies duality.
All mathematical equations are dualities.
Y = X.
Y is equal to X. Y is the same, similar, equivalent or dual to X. Y is dual to X.
Same is dual to different, homo is dual to hetero.
The Schrodinger equation and all other equations are proof of syntropy in action.
Inclusion is dual to exclusion.
Duality is the origin of the Pauli exclusion principle.
Spin up is dual to spin down, particles are dual to anti-particles -- the Dirac equation.
Bosons are dual to Fermions -- atomic duality.
Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality -- the spin statistics theorem.
The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg matrix representation.
Certainty is dual to uncertainty -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle.
Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in projective geometry.
The point duality theorem is dual to the line duality theorem.
Projective points are dual to projective lines
Null vectors or light rays are perpendicular to themselves from our perspective -- self duality.
Photons or light waves are dual to themselves -- pure energy is therefore dual.
Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
I majored in physics, and chemistry was the hardest subject for me, cus it seemed like it was nothing but memorization, which I suck at. Glad we found this video!
@@destructionman1 my major was biology, and I minored in chem as well. I feel u!
@@hyperduality2838schizophrenia is no joke homie, see a doctor
Once again an excellent, direct, clear and thorough explanation that somehow also manages not to condescend to the lay person. This not only helped me understand why the periodic table is arranged the way it is, it helped me understand why the Schrodinger equation makes sense and how it directly relates to the reality of the universe. And by extension, now the quantum mechanics makes more sense to me than ever before. So informative and enlightening, and much appreciated!
The Schrodinger equation predicts the structure of the atom. Making predictions to track targets, goals and objectives is a syntropic process -- teleological.
Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy).
Mathematical equations are designed/created to optimize predictions hence quantum mechanics is
born from syntropy! Schrodinger used syntropic thinking to derive his equation:-
Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
Syntropy is the origin of quantum mechanics.
Equality implies duality.
All mathematical equations are dualities.
Y = X.
Y is equal to X. Y is the same, similar, equivalent or dual to X. Y is dual to X.
Same is dual to different, homo is dual to hetero.
The Schrodinger equation and all other equations are proof of syntropy in action.
Inclusion is dual to exclusion.
Duality is the origin of the Pauli exclusion principle.
Spin up is dual to spin down, particles are dual to anti-particles -- the Dirac equation.
Bosons are dual to Fermions -- atomic duality.
Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality -- the spin statistics theorem.
The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg matrix representation.
Certainty is dual to uncertainty -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle.
Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in projective geometry.
The point duality theorem is dual to the line duality theorem.
Projective points are dual to projective lines
Null vectors or light rays are perpendicular to themselves from our perspective -- self duality.
Photons or light waves are dual to themselves -- pure energy is therefore dual.
Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
In Einstein theory of space time it's the space time that tell's matter how to move but in quantum mechanics it's the wave function
@@hyperduality2838 You sound like CL.. 😊
@@hychap CL -- who or what is CL?
Teleophilia is dual to teleophobia.
Main stream physics is currently dominated by teleophobia and eliminative materialism hence new laws of physics based upon teleology have already been ruled out.
"Philosophy is dead" -- Stephen Hawking.
The Schrodinger equation is teleological -- syntropic.
Alive is dual to not alive -- Schrodinger's cat.
Being is dual to non being creates becoming -- Plato's cat.
Thesis (alive, being) is dual to anti-thesis (not alive, non being) creates the converging thesis or synthesis (becoming) -- the time independent Hegelian dialectic or Hegel's cat.
Schrodinger's cat is based upon Hegel's cat and he stole it from Plato (Socrates).
Main stream physics has already rejected teleology hence you cannot have a 4th law of thermodynamics!
Physicists use the Schrodinger equation all the time but it is based upon philosophy which is not allowed according to Stephen Hawking.
@@hychap Quantum mechanics is used to make predictions which is a syntropic process -- teleological.
Rejecting teleology is the same as rejecting quantum mechanics therefore.
Main stream physics has big problems!
Problem, reaction, solution -- the Hegelian dialectic.
Superb explanation of Schrodinger’s equation, quantum mechanics and the periodic table.
The Schrodinger equation predicts the structure of the atom. Making predictions to track targets, goals and objectives is a syntropic process -- teleological.
Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy).
Mathematical equations are designed/created to optimize predictions hence quantum mechanics is
born from syntropy! Schrodinger used syntropic thinking to derive his equation:-
Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
Syntropy is the origin of quantum mechanics.
Equality implies duality.
All mathematical equations are dualities.
Y = X.
Y is equal to X. Y is the same, similar, equivalent or dual to X. Y is dual to X.
Same is dual to different, homo is dual to hetero.
The Schrodinger equation and all other equations are proof of syntropy in action.
Inclusion is dual to exclusion.
Duality is the origin of the Pauli exclusion principle.
Spin up is dual to spin down, particles are dual to anti-particles -- the Dirac equation.
Bosons are dual to Fermions -- atomic duality.
Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality -- the spin statistics theorem.
The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg matrix representation.
Certainty is dual to uncertainty -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle.
Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in projective geometry.
The point duality theorem is dual to the line duality theorem.
Projective points are dual to projective lines
Null vectors or light rays are perpendicular to themselves from our perspective -- self duality.
Photons or light waves are dual to themselves -- pure energy is therefore dual.
Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules:
When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. (More spatial curvature). What if gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks. (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are actually a part of the quarks. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Force" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" make sense based on this concept. Neutrinos would be made up of a twisted torus (like a twisted donut) within this model. Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity. If an electron has qualities of both a particle and a wave, it cannot be either one. It must be something else. Therefore, a "particle" is actually a structure which stores spatial curvature. Can an electron-positron pair (which are made up of opposite directions of twist) annihilate each other by unwinding into each other producing Gamma Ray photons.
Alpha decay occurs when the two protons and two neutrons (which are bound together by entangled tubes), become un-entangled from the rest of the nucleons.
Beta decay occurs when the tube of a down quark/gluon in a neutron becomes overtwisted and breaks producing a twisted torus (neutrino) and an up quark, and the ejected electron.
Gamma photons are produced when a tube unwinds producing electromagnetic waves.
@@SpotterVideo Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry.
Curvature or gravitation is actually dual, gravitational energy is dual.
Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy.
Apples fall to the ground because they are conserving duality.
Action is dual to reaction -- Sir Isaac Newton (the duality of force).
Attraction is dual to repulsion, push is dual to pull -- forces are dual.
Positive charge (proton) is dual to negative charge (electron) -- electronic charge.
The future is dual to the past -- time duality.
We predict the future (syntropy) and remember the past.
Space is dual to time -- Einstein.
The present exists midway between the past and the future:-
Thesis (the future) is dual to the anti-thesis (the past) synthesizes the present or the now -- the time independent Hegelian dialectic.
The present or the now is synthesized by conserving the duality or correlation of the past and future -- cause is dual to effect.
Absolute truth is dual to relative truth -- Hume's fork.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
"May the force (duality) be with you" -- Jedi teaching.
the animated bohr portrait at 2:00 really tripped me up for a second there.
Minor complaint: You could've mentioned that _n, l,_ and _m_ are called *_principal quantum number, azimuthal quantum number,_* and *_magnetic quantum number_* respectively. Many people would've heard those names before, and this would've been a nice refresher. Of course those names-like all names-are what they are thanks to history, and don't mean much by themselves.
The Schrodinger equation predicts the structure of the atom. Making predictions to track targets, goals and objectives is a syntropic process -- teleological.
Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy).
Mathematical equations are designed/created to optimize predictions hence quantum mechanics is
born from syntropy! Schrodinger used syntropic thinking to derive his equation:-
Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
Syntropy is the origin of quantum mechanics.
Equality implies duality.
All mathematical equations are dualities.
Y = X.
Y is equal to X. Y is the same, similar, equivalent or dual to X. Y is dual to X.
Same is dual to different, homo is dual to hetero.
The Schrodinger equation and all other equations are proof of syntropy in action.
Inclusion is dual to exclusion.
Duality is the origin of the Pauli exclusion principle.
Spin up is dual to spin down, particles are dual to anti-particles -- the Dirac equation.
Bosons are dual to Fermions -- atomic duality.
Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality -- the spin statistics theorem.
The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg matrix representation.
Certainty is dual to uncertainty -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle.
Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in projective geometry.
The point duality theorem is dual to the line duality theorem.
Projective points are dual to projective lines
Null vectors or light rays are perpendicular to themselves from our perspective -- self duality.
Photons or light waves are dual to themselves -- pure energy is therefore dual.
Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
@@hyperduality2838 bro no need to spam your intelligence
@@hyperduality2838 Schrodinger equation of a wave function is not really physical but it is knowledge. It uses the imaginary number ''i''. And as soon as it is implicated in a matheamtical equation you know then that it does not represent realism.
@@user-ky5dy5hl4d Photons are modelled with "i", are you saying that photons are not real?
Alive is dual to not alive -- Schrodinger's cat.
@@hyperduality2838 Have you seen one separate single photon?
This was an elegant description of electron shells! Their electron counts finally make sense. Thanks!
Excellent overview. All done in 20 minutes. I might add that the pretty electron configuration images are, mathematically, Laplace spherical harmonics. Wish I had this video decades ago when I was a physics major.
The Schrodinger equation predicts the structure of the atom. Making predictions to track targets, goals and objectives is a syntropic process -- teleological.
Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy).
Mathematical equations are designed/created to optimize predictions hence quantum mechanics is
born from syntropy! Schrodinger used syntropic thinking to derive his equation:-
Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
Syntropy is the origin of quantum mechanics.
Equality implies duality.
All mathematical equations are dualities.
Y = X.
Y is equal to X. Y is the same, similar, equivalent or dual to X. Y is dual to X.
Same is dual to different, homo is dual to hetero.
The Schrodinger equation and all other equations are proof of syntropy in action.
Inclusion is dual to exclusion.
Duality is the origin of the Pauli exclusion principle.
Spin up is dual to spin down, particles are dual to anti-particles -- the Dirac equation.
Bosons are dual to Fermions -- atomic duality.
Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality -- the spin statistics theorem.
The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg matrix representation.
Certainty is dual to uncertainty -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle.
Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in projective geometry.
The point duality theorem is dual to the line duality theorem.
Projective points are dual to projective lines
Null vectors or light rays are perpendicular to themselves from our perspective -- self duality.
Photons or light waves are dual to themselves -- pure energy is therefore dual.
Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
For a student of literature and law like me, this heavy dose of mathematics has sent the head reeling! I am impressed like hell by the fact that inspite of the approximations for the larger atoms, and inspite of not being able to see the atoms, the scientists have developed periodic table which is working excellently in practice for over a century. 👌
It’s hilarious that literature and law are held in such tremendous regard while they are in fact readily accessible to imbeciles. How is that possible??
@@Tadesan how did we go from watching one of the best ever video to mud slinging comments !?🤦♂️
@@Tadesan who hurt you
I've always marveled at the Periodic Table and its structure. Your excellent explanation and video adds more to appreciating its beauty and thoroughness.
The Schrodinger equation predicts the structure of the atom. Making predictions to track targets, goals and objectives is a syntropic process -- teleological.
Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy).
Mathematical equations are designed/created to optimize predictions hence quantum mechanics is
born from syntropy! Schrodinger used syntropic thinking to derive his equation:-
Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
Syntropy is the origin of quantum mechanics.
Equality implies duality.
All mathematical equations are dualities.
Y = X.
Y is equal to X. Y is the same, similar, equivalent or dual to X. Y is dual to X.
Same is dual to different, homo is dual to hetero.
The Schrodinger equation and all other equations are proof of syntropy in action.
Inclusion is dual to exclusion.
Duality is the origin of the Pauli exclusion principle.
Spin up is dual to spin down, particles are dual to anti-particles -- the Dirac equation.
Bosons are dual to Fermions -- atomic duality.
Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality -- the spin statistics theorem.
The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg matrix representation.
Certainty is dual to uncertainty -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle.
Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in projective geometry.
The point duality theorem is dual to the line duality theorem.
Projective points are dual to projective lines
Null vectors or light rays are perpendicular to themselves from our perspective -- self duality.
Photons or light waves are dual to themselves -- pure energy is therefore dual.
Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
Q. What did the nucleus say to the electron? A. “I don’t know where you get the energy from. “ (The electron was far too busy to reply). This video is lovely presentation of a deep subject.
I remember some time ago you asked what we thought was mankind’s greatest achievement, and when I replied the periodic table. you countered the standard model. Now I see why. ‘Chemistry is the standard model for electrons’. Brilliant.
I taught this topic for my high school students using balloons and a game on the basketball court that ended on a branching diagram for the different possible quantum numbers (instead of the table), your video helped me confirm those strategies were not too far off. Thank you!
I'm very impressed by how accessible you made this video without skimping on the details! Kudos!
I found this video fascinating and enjoyable in spite of not understanding one bit of it
Great balance between details, presentation, narration and storyline!
Every time you say “the reason is” or “but why” my brain feels massaged
I know this comment will not apply to most people, but I'm visually impaired, so really appreciate that this video is mostly in higher contrast white/light on black/dark backgrounds. Thanks a lot for this, please keep it up 👍
As a pharmacist, I have been an avid enthusiast of matters science, quantum included. All your videos have answered all my unanswered questions perfectly, reminded and taught clearly and concisely.
Keep it up.
brilliant and fantastic. Really appreciate the work you have done to explain it in a very concise manner. Appreciate it!
A truly astonishing and much needed presentation. A breakthrough in form and content !!
The Schrodinger equation predicts the structure of the atom. Making predictions to track targets, goals and objectives is a syntropic process -- teleological.
Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy).
Mathematical equations are designed/created to optimize predictions hence quantum mechanics is
born from syntropy! Schrodinger used syntropic thinking to derive his equation:-
Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
Syntropy is the origin of quantum mechanics.
Equality implies duality.
All mathematical equations are dualities.
Y = X.
Y is equal to X. Y is the same, similar, equivalent or dual to X. Y is dual to X.
Same is dual to different, homo is dual to hetero.
The Schrodinger equation and all other equations are proof of syntropy in action.
Inclusion is dual to exclusion.
Duality is the origin of the Pauli exclusion principle.
Spin up is dual to spin down, particles are dual to anti-particles -- the Dirac equation.
Bosons are dual to Fermions -- atomic duality.
Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality -- the spin statistics theorem.
The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg matrix representation.
Certainty is dual to uncertainty -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle.
Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in projective geometry.
The point duality theorem is dual to the line duality theorem.
Projective points are dual to projective lines
Null vectors or light rays are perpendicular to themselves from our perspective -- self duality.
Photons or light waves are dual to themselves -- pure energy is therefore dual.
Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
Just AMAZING❤
You have made the most tough and strange equation schrodinger's equation of all time look very easy.
Beautiful Explanation.
Another great video explaining its subject in detail
I just discovered your channel about a week ago and I am absolutely loving it. You have amazing content! Explaining complicated concepts come so naturally to you. That's a talent very few have. I will be binge watching your videos until I run out. Cheers!
Welcome aboard!
@@ArvinAsh thank you! 😊
Absolutely stunning. This is a brilliant presentation. I have to know more. You have covered a range of concepts so intriguing I am truly inspired. Thank you.
Arvin sir, please make a video on all the whys of these phenomena. Please, explain, why hydrogen combines with oxygen and produces water. Why is it so? How do chemicals react? Please, please, please.....
This does make understanding the Periodic table a lot easier. Xman
This video is worth watching twice! I had to overcome the fear I felt with the Schrödinger equation first 🙂 Then it was smooth sailing. I appreciate your efforts so much.
as a chemistry major, this is by far the most simple and straightforward explanation of basic quantum mechanics i have heard thus far. What a great fucking video.
I can't believe how you keep outdoing yourself and how easily you make it to understand what you're talkin about. Thank you so much for this video and the time you put in to make it possible for us to watch it.
Side note, I'm actually in the process of making a cloud chamber (actually two of them). I am Gathering supplies like thermal electric coolers, aluminum heat sinks, etc. Fun project 😀. I'm excited to see the cosmic particle trails and all the rest too.
Nice winter project!
I love this video! I am studying for my Chemistry Degree currently and this was amazing. Thank you for this fun video
All you videos are excellent. You are certainly number 1 channel on the subject.
Truly amazing what one can learn online from a great educator. Thanks a lot.
It's insane how interesting and information-packed this video is! I've always wanted to know more about electron orbitals and why they look that way. Although I can't pour through the proofs myself, as I won't understand any of it, this really shows things off well. And in fact much better than that admittedly cool Hydrogen Wave Function chart itself, as that doesn't really show off its relation to the numbers of electrons that fit in the electron shells.
The Schrodinger equation predicts the structure of the atom. Making predictions to track targets, goals and objectives is a syntropic process -- teleological.
Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy).
Mathematical equations are designed/created to optimize predictions hence quantum mechanics is
born from syntropy! Schrodinger used syntropic thinking to derive his equation:-
Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
Syntropy is the origin of quantum mechanics.
Equality implies duality.
All mathematical equations are dualities.
Y = X.
Y is equal to X. Y is the same, similar, equivalent or dual to X. Y is dual to X.
Same is dual to different, homo is dual to hetero.
The Schrodinger equation and all other equations are proof of syntropy in action.
Inclusion is dual to exclusion.
Duality is the origin of the Pauli exclusion principle.
Spin up is dual to spin down, particles are dual to anti-particles -- the Dirac equation.
Bosons are dual to Fermions -- atomic duality.
Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality -- the spin statistics theorem.
The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg matrix representation.
Certainty is dual to uncertainty -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle.
Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in projective geometry.
The point duality theorem is dual to the line duality theorem.
Projective points are dual to projective lines
Null vectors or light rays are perpendicular to themselves from our perspective -- self duality.
Photons or light waves are dual to themselves -- pure energy is therefore dual.
Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
Thank you, Mr. Ash,.. A fantastic introduction to the idea bridging Chemistry and Quantum Mechanics.
This channel definitely deserves more subs
I have a PhD in chemistry and I'm a chemistry lecturer in a university in Indonesia. I *avoid* explaining the quantum mechanics stuff, because 1) I don't fully understand it, and 2) the undergrads won't understand it.
Perhaps next time I'll just direct my students to your video when they want a deeper explanation.
Arvin, I've watched dozens of hours of videos of a Dr Physics and MIT Open Courseware and this few minutes here answered SOOO many unanswered questions. I'm so thankful. That's ok, I'm a very literal person and frequently need jokes explained. I have a B.S. in chemistry, an MBA and a few a few advanced courses in solid state physics. Bill Cashion
Glad it was helpful!
Wow, all this in 15 minutes!
O, the editing I imagine!
Fantastic job.
I like that you brought up the thought I had. I wondered if anyone had solved those equations for say, copper, for the heck of it
They can be, in fact have been solved via making approximations using the tool called Perturbation Theory. But other than that an analytical solution does not exist.
Fantastic explanation Arvin!
Does ions behave the same way, if possible try to cover some aspects on generation of charges on atoms. Thanks for sharing the knowledge!
Fascinating video! Very mind- opening! 😊 Thanx!
Fantastic videos! I was a chemistry student and my first module at college was quantum mechanics and electrons! I was thrown off at the time but you made it so simple and so interesting! Fantastic video
The Schrodinger equation predicts the structure of the atom. Making predictions to track targets, goals and objectives is a syntropic process -- teleological.
Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy).
Mathematical equations are designed/created to optimize predictions hence quantum mechanics is
born from syntropy! Schrodinger used syntropic thinking to derive his equation:-
Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
Syntropy is the origin of quantum mechanics.
Equality implies duality.
All mathematical equations are dualities.
Y = X.
Y is equal to X. Y is the same, similar, equivalent or dual to X. Y is dual to X.
Same is dual to different, homo is dual to hetero.
The Schrodinger equation and all other equations are proof of syntropy in action.
Inclusion is dual to exclusion.
Duality is the origin of the Pauli exclusion principle.
Spin up is dual to spin down, particles are dual to anti-particles -- the Dirac equation.
Bosons are dual to Fermions -- atomic duality.
Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality -- the spin statistics theorem.
The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg matrix representation.
Certainty is dual to uncertainty -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle.
Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in projective geometry.
The point duality theorem is dual to the line duality theorem.
Projective points are dual to projective lines
Null vectors or light rays are perpendicular to themselves from our perspective -- self duality.
Photons or light waves are dual to themselves -- pure energy is therefore dual.
Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
Great Video As it's never Seen before , marvelous explanation
Tying Schrodinger's equation to the periodic table...brilliant!!
Thanks so much! That was amazing! I've often wondered why the shells are the numbers they are.
I already knew why the periodic table had to look like this, but this is the first time I've heard of a "universal" reason. The previous video I watched that explained it was basically a video explaining Mendeleiev's genius. Its title literally says "Sorting the elements without understanding them" 😝.
The video is by a French youtuber: "E-Penser 2.0", titled: "Dimitri Mendeleiev - Classer les éléments sans les comprendre - LPPV.03 - e-penser".
I've always hated chemistry because most of time I had to remember things instead of understanding it..But from last couple of months I'm finding this type of unique videos which help to actually understand chemestry
Great video and explained in an easy way to understand. I´m going to use it for my high-school physics class :-)
You are a great teacher Sir!
Nossa amei o vídeo, o canal, você é excelente professor !!! Não só ganhou uma inscrita como ganhou uma fã, muito obrigada !!! Assistirei tudo !!!😍😍😍😍😍🖖😉
Thank you for making such amazing videos.
I wish I would have a chemistry teacher like you in my school. You made it super simple and interesting.
This is just my favourite channel
One of the best explanations ever.
Ok... so this is the type of content needed to be appreciated.
This is a lot more detailed than what I learned in high school chemistry. I think we know a lot more now about atoms.
I'm a freshmen college chemistry student and i love these videos. It fills in so many background point where i wonder how certain things come to be. Great channel
Man here they teach about this in like 11 th standard (17 year olds ) never expected this to be college level
Thanks for another excellent video! Btw, love the beanie!
Fantastic explanation
I love you I'm a baby at physics and chemistry and these notes are Godly❤️💯
Your channel is the most underrated on the whole UA-cam
this is brilliant! so this explains chemical properties as emerging directly form the wave function of the atoms components? ... this is definitely my favourite physics channel
The Schrodinger equation predicts the structure of the atom. Making predictions to track targets, goals and objectives is a syntropic process -- teleological.
Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy).
Mathematical equations are designed/created to optimize predictions hence quantum mechanics is
born from syntropy! Schrodinger used syntropic thinking to derive his equation:-
Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
Syntropy is the origin of quantum mechanics.
Equality implies duality.
All mathematical equations are dualities.
Y = X.
Y is equal to X. Y is the same, similar, equivalent or dual to X. Y is dual to X.
Same is dual to different, homo is dual to hetero.
The Schrodinger equation and all other equations are proof of syntropy in action.
Inclusion is dual to exclusion.
Duality is the origin of the Pauli exclusion principle.
Spin up is dual to spin down, particles are dual to anti-particles -- the Dirac equation.
Bosons are dual to Fermions -- atomic duality.
Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality -- the spin statistics theorem.
The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg matrix representation.
Certainty is dual to uncertainty -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle.
Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in projective geometry.
The point duality theorem is dual to the line duality theorem.
Projective points are dual to projective lines
Null vectors or light rays are perpendicular to themselves from our perspective -- self duality.
Photons or light waves are dual to themselves -- pure energy is therefore dual.
Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
A nice follow-on might be going over the pros and cons of alternative presentations of the periodic table, particularly the ones that tend toward improving intuitions.
Thanks. Best channel ❤️
Whenever i feel bored or down i just watch one of these videos and they refresh me all the way to my core
That was a great help!
Oh my god thanks so much , this concept was such a pain . You explained it with such a ease!
Damn bro breaking it down answering questions I could not put into words
One thing that everyone skips, and it is not obvious from the drawings of orbitals: if you fix n and l, and add up all the allowed m's in quadrature, the result has perfect spherical symmetry. So at 11:14, the squared sum of each row there is a perfect sphere, and this is very important for energy and chemistry. Is also important to know: in quantum mechanics, anything with spherical symmetry CANNOT ROTATE. Rotation is equivalent to not rotating (that's what spherical symmetry means). Classically, that makes no sense, but in quantum: it is fundamental.
The Schrodinger equation predicts the structure of the atom. Making predictions to track targets, goals and objectives is a syntropic process -- teleological.
Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy).
Mathematical equations are designed/created to optimize predictions hence quantum mechanics is
born from syntropy! Schrodinger used syntropic thinking to derive his equation:-
Syntropy (prediction, projection) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics!
Syntropy is the origin of quantum mechanics.
Equality implies duality.
All mathematical equations are dualities.
Y = X.
Y is equal to X. Y is the same, similar, equivalent or dual to X. Y is dual to X.
Same is dual to different, homo is dual to hetero.
The Schrodinger equation and all other equations are proof of syntropy in action.
Inclusion is dual to exclusion.
Duality is the origin of the Pauli exclusion principle.
Spin up is dual to spin down, particles are dual to anti-particles -- the Dirac equation.
Bosons are dual to Fermions -- atomic duality.
Symmetric wave functions (Bosons, waves) are dual to anti-symmetric wave functions (Fermions, particles) -- wave/particle or quantum duality -- the spin statistics theorem.
The Schrodinger representation is dual to the Heisenberg matrix representation.
Certainty is dual to uncertainty -- the Heisenberg certainty/uncertainty principle.
Points are dual to lines -- the principle of duality in projective geometry.
The point duality theorem is dual to the line duality theorem.
Projective points are dual to projective lines
Null vectors or light rays are perpendicular to themselves from our perspective -- self duality.
Photons or light waves are dual to themselves -- pure energy is therefore dual.
Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy -- gravitational energy is dual.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
Very useful knowledge to have. Was curious to know if the wave function explains not just elements in periodic table but also compounds, chemical bonding, hybridization of orbitals etc.
Great video! At 5:30 he says he won't derive today; the Schrodinger cannot be derived anyway except with logical arguments. Although, this hasn't stopped many people from trying.
I am intrigued
As a matter of fact none of the "Laws of Nature" can be derived from first principals. They can either be deduced based on several aspects (Experimental discoveries, Paradoxes/Inconsistencies in previous models, Unexplained new Phenomena, Seeking generality and attempts to unifying previously thought distinct fields, etc.) or can be derived from more fundamental laws (for eg, Newton's Laws of Motion can be derived as a special case scenario of Schrodinger's Equation, Classical Relativity as special case of Special Relativity, Newtonian Gravity as Special case of General Theory of Relativity).
As of yet we don't have to solely derive a Law of nature from first principals alone.
@@dhritimanroyghatak2408 many types of maths can't be proved directly without using logic. If the Schrodinger can't be derived and is supposed to represent one of the most basic aspects of the universe, that seems like a good sign that we are on the right track.
Thanks so much for this Arvin! I havent seen the proof of the hydrogens electron configuration since year 2 quantum physics at university, I wrote a simulation of a quantum material as party fof my honours thesis.
Dude, the animation of Niels Bohr made me think I'd lost my bearings for a second 😂
finaly somebody got him infront of a 3dscanner ;).
it has a little bit of disrespect to animate a foto.
a tec channel should be this way.
no need to do things like it.
Adorei sua explicação parabéns
My favorite teacher💛
This is superb!!!!!!!!
Good video. You might combine 11:30-12:00 with 12:05-12:35 since the filling glitches are caused by multi-electron systems. (Said it many times: "No, class, you don't have to know the f block elements".
And I introduced standing waves and why they need integers to identify their overtones using guitar strings and drumheads.
Great video! 👍
Thank you for this ❤️
All these comments are like “thanks I understand it now”, but my takeaway from this video is you can’t actually understand where the numbers come from without deriving the solution to the schrodinger equation for hydrogen on your own. Which I can’t do so 🤷♀️
THAT HAS BEEN THE MOST ACCURATE COMMENT ABOUT SELF REALIZATION I HAVE EVER READ!
These pop science video present you the concepts in an interesting and engaging fashion with slight pinch of details giving the illusion of "I UNDERSTAND IT". But actually all these videos at max are capable of developing your interest in these related fields and topic but the harsh reality of getting your hands dirty with rigorous mathematical training in the subject is irreplaceable. That is where the TRUE understanding lies. All these descriptive models presented in these videos stem out of those fundamental equations and the context within which they are used and learning that in all its glory is the TRUE UNDERSTANDING.
Still an awesome service to the community by the content creator :).
This is a good and concise video.
The Shroedinger equation does not explain everything though. It is critically important that only two electrons can inhabit any distinct spacial state. If any number could pile into the lowest energy state, there would be no chemistry and no universe as we know it.
This behaviour is summarised in the Pauli Exclusion Principle, which applied to fermions. The statement that electrons are 'fermions' is not actually an explanation for their behaviour, just a description or definition condensed into a single word.
As far as I know, there is no quantum mechanical explanation for why electons exhibit this behaviour (i.e. are fermions). Or to put it another way, no mathematical derivation of the Pauli Exclusion Principle. It just is what it is.
Well done
ONE OF THE BEST EXPLANATION ON THE SUBJECT EVER ...
GOD BLESS YOU SIR.
I don't understand why a table like at 1:47 isn't the standard in classrooms. Would make the concept so much clearer
I agree. I have a link in the description.
Si bien es cierto la mecánica cuántica contiene mas detalles, es increíble la manera puede sintetizar un tema tan complejo y extenso en 14 magnificos minutos! se agradece mucho su trabajo, es increíblemente bueno!
Some "small variations" for larger atoms… that is such a gross understatement and everybody who ever tried to run a real calculation, say on the Fe atom, knows this very well.
Thank you
Thank you.
This video addresses questions I’ve had for 30 years.
Felicidades Arvin era lo queria aprender con ejemplos de la famosa ecuacion !!!!
I just learned about Quantum Mechanics today.