Philosophy for Beginners
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- Опубліковано 11 тра 2024
- Check out Brilliant: brilliant.org/JaredHenderson/
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This is a brief introduction to philosophy, designed to be beginner-friendly. I talk about logic, metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, and political philosophy. There are many details I was unable to discuss, but this video should help a beginner get their bearings as they explore philosophy.
Philosophers discussed include: Plato, Aristotle, Frege, Anscombe, Nietzsche, MacIntyre, Rawls, Nozick, Descartes, Hume, Confucius.
Thanks to Jimmy Nutts for comments on the script.
→ Books
Logic, Or the Art of Thinking: amzn.to/3Su09NE
Frege’s Foundations of Arithmetic: amzn.to/3S84EMv
Paradoxes: amzn.to/3HvjQhK
Plato’s Complete Works: amzn.to/4b5b5IR
Beyond Good and Evil: amzn.to/3StsBPP
→ Citations
Davidson M. Vaccination as a cause of autism-myths and controversies. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2017 Dec;19(4):403-407. doi: 10.31887/DCNS.2017.19.4/mdavidson. PMID: 29398935; PMCID: PMC5789217.
Schimmack U. Invalid Claims About the Validity of Implicit Association Tests by Prisoners of the Implicit Social-Cognition Paradigm. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2021 Mar;16(2):435-442. doi: 10.1177/1745691621991860. PMID: 33709849; PMCID: PMC8167921.
FitzGerald, C., Martin, A., Berner, D. et al. Interventions designed to reduce implicit prejudices and implicit stereotypes in real world contexts: a systematic review. BMC Psychol 7, 29 (2019). doi.org/10.1186/s40359-019-02...
www.vox.com/identities/2017/3...
plato.stanford.edu/entries/kn...
Anscombe, G.E.M. “Modern Moral Philosophy”: www.jstor.org/stable/3749051
Spade, Paul Vincent and Claude Panaccio, "William of Ockham", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Spring 2019 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = plato.stanford.edu/archives/s....
Ichikawa, Jonathan Jenkins and Matthias Steup, "The Analysis of Knowledge", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Summer 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = plato.stanford.edu/archives/s....
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00:00 - How I Started with Philosophy
01:02 - Brilliant
02:02 - Logic and the Art of Thinking
05:37 - Formal Logic
07:37 - Paradoxes
09:11 - Metaphysics
09:36 - Theories of Truth
13:18 - Universals (and Cats)
15:23 - Nominalism
16:57 - Epistemology
18:39 - Philosophical Skepticism
20:03 - Cartesian & Humean Skepticism
22:28 - Ethical Theories
25:32 - Nihilism & Metaethics
28:08 - Political Philosophy & The Problem of Justice
30:41 - Philosophers Against Democracy
What area of philosophy interests you the most?
I am not well versed in philosophy as a student in bachelor's of computer science. I have recently been looking into stoicism finished meditations, soliloquies and currently self-studying and learning philosopher's toolkit as referred by park notes UA-cam channel as beginner in philosophy. I have only recently stepped my foot into philosophy. The amount of info is mesmerizing but since, I have just begun my journey in learning philosophy as hobby recently. I will slow look into other parts of philosophy as per now I am better of exploring stoicism.
All of them, I want to understand all. 😂
Epistemology (in my case, as applied to archaeology), which is why it surprises me that you didn't mention Popper.
I have a BA in Philosophy so I've been through all of these fields you mention but these days I'm mostly interested in things that are unclear and vague and paradoxical and fuzzy - when I started studying Philosophy I was much more interested in clarity and ultimate answers but Philosophy cured me of that and made me much more comfortable with not knowing so books on the opacity of it all are what fascinates me most these days.
All of it, since I have little background in it. I’m interested in how philosophy and worldviews change during periods like the enlightenment and scientific revolution.
One thing I like philosophy but also what makes it difficult or sometimes even scary is that makes you really take a deep dive into your own mind. Many people may think they know themselves and their own mind intimately until they start getting into philosophy. Then you really start getting a look at the landscape of your mind and realize that you didn't know yourself as well as you thought and some things about yourself may be hard to look at or realize. Philosophy also leads you to, imo, one of the hardest things in life which is to change yourself and how you think. Philosophy also has its outside and world view aspects of it but it's the personal that's always spoken to me
Hi Jared! I first encountered your channel while looking for books similar to Gene Wolfe's Book of the New Sun. But I've come to love all your content! I haven't seen much but this year my new years resolution has been to read 6 books (1 every 2 months), in the spirit of some advice I heard you give about becoming a better reader, which was to not expect too much of yourself all at once. Reading deeply is a skill which takes practice and develops over time.
I studied theology in undergrad and did a lot of reading, but honestly felt a lot of shame about how I would often fall behind or feel lost. As a result I've really wanted to keep up my reading yet have felt often discouraged when it gets hard. Your advice was really encouraging and as I said played a key role in my resolution to commit to six books even though I thought with my background I "should" do more.
So thank you for your awesome content! It is a perfect fit for a lot of what I am doing right now in walking towards more wholeness as a man. I'm doing a lot of personal work and even considering becoming a classical teacher one day. I've even thought about making a channel in the same spirit as yours blended with others like Horses, Struthless, Dry Creek Wrangler School, and Called to More to name a few. Thanks again and I am excited for more content!
Thanks for this video! I appreciate the fact that you can cover such a broad topic in a way that is both informative and digestible.
This is a FANTASTIC video! Thank you, Dr. Henderson!
Great video! I’m mostly interested in ethics, but fascinating to hear about other branches. Would love an overview of each one you mentioned in separate videos with some resources to delve deeper!
This is a topic that I’ve been waiting for. Thank you!
I will definitely need to re-watch it a few times
Great video. Ideas very clearly and justly expressed, despite the time limitation. Also I really like the the editing.
Thank you for your work, Dr. Henderson, as always! This is a fascinating video and hugely helpful!
I'm eagerly anticipating videos on philosophical sci-fi books also soon from u continuing the series of videos u made.
Lately, my interest has been piqued in Informal Logic, and I'm excited to hear your book recommendations on that topic as well!
Congrats on 200k subs! Also this is super neat and very in depth. Great job man!
man, what a great video! thank u so much for this
Wonderful guide, facilitating true ponderings!
Excellent introduction- just subscribed to your channel. Greetings from Delphi, Greece! 🏛🌿🇬🇷
The king is back!
Glad to see a new video! Having a new baby is such a lot of work, so I hope the baby will let you record more frequently in the future! :)
Thorough guide and introduction to all the branches of philosophy! Well done as always Jared (my new favorite conspiracy is that Nixon did indeed walk on the moon)
I'm sixteen watching this video and I honestly didn't understand much, but I did understand the general ideas presented in this video and it's so enlightening and heavy at the same time, so thank you for boggling my mind. Truly enjoyable.
I am 16 too and yes the same actually i was searching for philosophy books for beginners i thought that's all i needed then i am coming acrosss these videos and i realize that's theirs a lot i need to know before i move onto reading
This helped a lot, thank you!
Fantastic video, Jared, like the others from you that I've enjoyed! I was hoping for a couple more minutes at the end when you mentioned anarchism, if only to mention Michael Huemer's work, "The Problem of Political Authority: An Examination of the Right to Coerce and the Duty to Obey." If ever you decide to delve into anarchist thought (or ethical intuitionism, one of Huemer's other areas of work) on this channel, an interview or conversation between you and Professor Huemer would be very interesting! Thank you!
That Huemer book is very good.
Thank you so much for this video
I find your voice uniquely soothing 😌
Awesome vídeo. Thank you!
Excellent video! Now that I've finished The Dispossessed, I'd like to learn more about anarchist theory. I can see how that book played with political philosophy and why it impacted you!
ifff you're looking for anarchist political theory, and you wanted to start with the "golden age" thinkers (1800-1939) I'd recommend:
The Method of Freedom by Errico Malatesta, it's an anthology, his "Anarchy" pamphlet is an excellent introduction.
Anarchy, Anarchist-Communism, and The State by Peter Kropotkin, three essays by the anarchist formerly known as prince. :D
aaaand I would tell you to check out Means and Ends by Zoe Baker who is not from the 19th century but is a very alive anarchist historian whose book *covers* the golden age of anarchism and their ideas.
I have to plug her book b/c it's excellent, and it's her youtube videos that informed my own understanding of anarchism in the first place.
I am addicted to all of your videos
Thanks for this video, I would need to rewatch multiple time 😍 Will you ever make a video about some of the living philosophers and their main ideas and philosophies? Do you know Umberto Galimberti?
Thank you for the fantastic video. Philosophy is not my field, but I think understanding of the basics of philosophy is quite necessary for people. I do not know if dialectic of freedom and determinism somehow forms the frame of people way of thinking and logic.
Let's go!
Perfect video for me.
hey man! I'm currently a philosophy major, planning on pursuing firefighting after getting my degree (pretty unrelated fields I know). Was wondering how you went from a philosophy PHD to working for tech companies? Not sure if you've talked about your career path before but I'd be interested in hearing about the options I might have available.
Loved your videos Jared. I just enrolled for a BA in Philosophy through distant education as I have always been fascinated by the subject. I have read alot of philosophy but I want to formalise my education in the field. How can I philosophise everyday through writing?
As a philosophy non-beginner I must say that I still really enjoyed this video nonetheless. Thank You :)
Great video. I was reading Plato's Republic and his idea of the Forms left a bad taste in my mouth, but I couldn't quite articulate what my problem was. Based on your description, I think I should check out nominalism. It sounds most like my conception of abstractions like mathematical objects.
Great video
big up doc!
Informative video by the way Dr. Henderson. Do you know a channel called philosophy overdose?
Hello sir I love your content, if you have time what are your thoughts on Machiavelli?
my comment doesn’t really have anything to do with the video; i simply want to share with the creator - and all the community of course - that in september i’ ll go to university and i have decided to enroll in philosophy. i have only studied it briefly in high school and i know i lack some basic skills such as a good text comprehension, excellent writing skill and logical thinking which is why i am scared as have never been before; i feel like i won’ t be good or smart enough for this faculty and i’ ll fail pretty soon still i know this is want to do and i’ ll try my best.
thank you to the creator for making such good videos that inspire me and reassure me whenever i doubt myself or my decision.
Legend
Jared, I'm surprised you didn't mention Karl Popper when discussing epistemology and knowledge. Have you read David Deutsch's The Beginning Of Infinity? Would be interesting to hear your thoughts in a video about that book.
Your second cat's name is hilarious! There is actually a number of Soviet tales and a cartoon called "A Kitten Named Woof."
My first philosophy book is Sophie world and I am just get fascination with this thoughts and how we get all the information in the world from the ancient thoughts process and I love the way that Justein guarder write his novel with the imagination sense and in some pages I compare the philosophy thoughts with my personal believe as a religion Muslim and this make me know my thoughts deeply, in reading philosophy books, you don’t wast your time whatever the time you spend in the reading one book with every repeat for the difficult pages I find benefit (and this the first book I read imagine
😂), in the vacation I am decided to read Alice in wonderland and maybe another one, my only disappointment is I am a medical student and I need most time to understand the medical concepts, so I need less time for philosophy but I will try to find time for philosophy.
Thank you for this video I will rewatch it in the vacation inshallah.
Currently I'm reading a book named Metaphysical foundations of objective reality..by Hassan Spiker.. it defends correspondence theory but in a much unique way vis-a-vis conventional route..quite intriguing and high rem recommended... Hence your dissertation could be a best complement
This video is a good intro to what Philosophy is all about but holy moly , those two books you bought to start with - Ha Ha 🤣 they would have scared me away from it if I had started with those.
I got very lucky that it didn’t scare me off, but I still don’t understand that Heidegger book.
@@_jared I've read some Heidegger and watched quite a few documentaries but I'm like you - I still don't really know what he's on about.
Nobody understands Heidegger. Even the Heidegger specialists
@@joshuaabe4832 as a person who’s extensively studied Heidegger for over a year, I would have to agree. There’s various degrees of understanding, and some scholars have gotten a good grip-eg, Thomson, Young, Wrathall-but many cannot escape the obscurity of Heidegger’s thought, nor his “Heideggerisms” (which is understandable in some sense, as Heidegger himself makes it difficult to escape his obtuse language)
love the inclusion of political philosophy!!
This video is really too much to take for the first time as an absolute beginner .
but provides a lot of value once you're familiar with a bit of philosophy .
As someone from India it breaks my heart to see how the world has almost no knowledge about Eastern philosophy and only knows 'Buddha'. We have a very rich tradition of Philosophy starting with Upanishads and then the Shramanas (Jains, Buddhists). Chinese also have rich Philosophy. Yet most of the world is unaware about it. Everything that Aristotle said has similar and much older arguments and counter-arguments by Jains and Hindus. It is truly sad. The European consciousness still dominates the world and will probably never go away. We may never get any recognition.
Have you ever read Upanishads? They are full of lust and praying to God for stupid things...
@@navjot5445 It is only a fraction of the Upanishads. Upanishads are an extension of Vedas so it has those things. But most of Upanishads is Dialectics about Metaphysics. Shame that a person with the name Navjot hates his own country's literature and philosophy. People like you are an abomination for India.
In the German speaking world there's a great little introductory book into logic: Grundkurs im logischen Schließen (Basic Course in Logical Deduction) by Eike von Savigny.
Yer a philosopher, Harry.
Was up a long time
# mister jared
How are you doing
I’m great. Glad to be back to making videos, too!
Great video, thank you very much , note to self(nts) watched all in it 31:46
A question I heard a Buddhist teach ask once was "Ultimately was Hitler and his acts Evil" he contended that in Hitlers time the answer would be yes. But, if society learned from Hitlers examples and no longer allowed such horrific things to occur, was in fact Hitlers actions good since in the long run it led to less suffering than more. Therefore, can you really define what is good and what is bad since you probably will not be there to see the outcomes of those actions in full.
Also, I think democracy removes the ability for the population to hold those that rule accountable because it becomes difficult to determine who is to "blame" when everyone within the ruling class can blame the "other side" or whomever. Monarchy offers the ability to hold one person accountable and if they make matters worse making them a head shorter often corrects or at least restarts the process of rulership.
I started with Being and Nothingness, boy was I confused. Later, I watched a PBS series on the history of philosophy and philosophers with Thora B Hodgson (Hobson?) that gave me a better grounding when I tackled Being again.
Hello!As you have mentioned earlier in many Videos that you are a philosophy phd Student,what will you do next (From Job POV)after receiving your degree???
After finishing the Monument Mythos series, the concept of Nixon walking on the moon hits different
I started with Plato's Republic and a companion guide.
I have one philosophy book. «The story of philosophy» by Will Durant. Do you recommend that for a beginner?
; Starts with hagel
: then lacan
; then plato
I was really expecting Carl and Bark to be a Karl Barth pun
Non contradiction is almost important one for logical thinking ,you must read aristotle logic before anything .
Curious? Have you not heard of navya-nyāya from India? It anticipated much of what was to become set theory.
How can one access to read your dissertation?
Why does everyone get this wrong?
You can’t proceed with ANY philosophical discussion until you establish whether or not you’re running under the assumption of an objective or subjective universe.
That HAS to come first.
The paradox isn't all that paradoxical, we can add a little more structure to our argument first instead of just asking about the truth value of "This sentence is false."
Let A denote a logical statement (i.e. a sentence which is EITHER true OR false)
Define a logical statement B: (Truth value of A = 0) {this is the generalization of "The sentence is false"}
CASE 1: when truth value of A=1
then the statement B becomes (1=0) which is not true, therefore the truth value of B in this case is 0
CASE 2: when the truth value of A=0
the statement B becomes (0=0) which verifies, therefore truth value of B=1 here
I would have loved to have seen Arthur schopenhaur's intro too in the nihilist part of the video
The famous quote which was way ahead of it's time " A man can do what he will ,but he cannot will what he wills "
Today's famous physicists and neurobiologists have a pretty strong beleif that free will doesn't exists
Hello Jared ,I recommed to read (almodapher mantaq “منطق المظفر") which is a highly recomended book about aristotle logic .
خوبن اقرة الاوركانون مباشر شعندك قاري منطق المظفر الي اصلا ماكو اي داعي لدراسته كون اكو كتب افضل منه بشرح المنطق الارسطي او القروسطي الكلاسيكي
@@nino6903 الشرح مالتة كلش مبسط وتكدر تفهم بسرعة واصلاً هو للمبتدئين ،بس اخلص منطق المنطق المظفر اروح اطب على الشفاء مال عمو بن سينا ولا اجي يم الاورجانون ❤️
@@nino6903 بصراحة اني رشحتلة هذا الكتاب لأن أغلب فلاسفة التنوير والحداثة سفسطائيين(يجمعون نقيظين ويرفعون ثالث) حتى كانط سفسطائي لذلك اريد يتعلم انه اكو عقل وما يروح يقرا للحسييين الي ناچو اخت العقل وشكراً .
@@user-fi4lp9nx1j شلون سفسطائين شنو الي قريته الهم اصلا واسمه نقيضين مو نقيظين
بالله شنو الافكار السفسطائية عند كانت وانت بالاساس فاهم من هم السفسطائيين مثل كوركياس وبروتاكوراس الي بالاساس غالب الي نعرفه عنهم جاي من اراء المعاديهم فكريا مثل افلاطون او ارسطو وهم بالاساس غالب بحوث السفسطائيين جانت بحوث خطابية
فممكن تطي امثلة عن الحداثيين "السفسطائيين" وويين موضع "السفسطة" عندهم
بالاساس ممكن تشرحلي شنو فهمك للسفسطة والسفسطائيين اصلا
@@nino6903 نبدأ من بيكون و هيوم (الذي وصل إليه الحد انهُ شكك في كلِ شيء ) ولا يوجد عندهُ حقيقة (هذا الكلام متناقض واعتقد تعرف ليش متناقض ) وكانط تأثر بِ سفسطة هيوم ،مع إن كانط اقل في السفسطة من هيوم ،ثم تبعهم باقي السفسطائيين مِن ماركس ونيتشة (نيتشة بنفسهِ يقول انا ريبي متسكك)وما بعد الحداثيين كلهم سفسطائيين البراغماتيين وغيرهم .
WHERE HAVE YOU BEEN MY WHOLE LIFE?! I feel like I just found my family.
Hey! My fellow beginners of Philosophy, I've suggetion for you all. Please stop, don't get into philosophy if you are Happy in your Life.
😂What if you're not happy in your life prior to philosophy and crave meaning in your life for exactly this reason
Well it’s okay! Cuz I’m already fucking miserable! ❤❤❤
More than 2,000 years later and Plato and Aristotle were still right about democracy
You ever come across a video and think “wow I didn’t know I was that stupid” 💀💀💀
What about philosophys battle with religious fundamentalism .?
I definitely lived out the liar paradox when I was like 5. I tried to rationalize how Opposite Day can only true for an instant because as soon as it is Opposite Day, it’s no longer Opposite Day. lol
Is it hard pursuing a Phd?
You are missing aesthetics in this video, which is also a huge area in philosophy
Nelson Goodman and Danto could have been good to tour into it
So did Bertrand Russell. No one feels a loss.
is it tho
This comment is ridiculous 😂
Aesthetics is highly subjective thus it will always devolve to relativism.@@angelicadimerscheffer1711
1998 I was majoring in psychology which I took a philosophy class, I loved the story of Platos cave, I took the class twice and just went to figuring out what it all means. Then, I had family stuff happen which I couldn’t’ afford to pay for my eduction whichI had to work. I been reading on my own as a hobby. I read all the greats, but going back to school, I see it as waste of my time. 2012 to 2020 i worked in Midwest which located Waffle House and read all my books from 4am to 8am. The food, is not all that. But, today I am 65. School or what? 😅😅😅
I can’t be the only one that thought you said; “Karl and Barth”
Can you teach me how to read
I love philosophy youtube. Makes me feel i didnt waste my degrees in it!
For me, the first book was The origin of the work of art. Just now, after 6 years, I can see part of the meaning of that little essay.
Philosophy is divisible along the lines thought is divisible. If thought is in vain it will have no aim, but if thought had an aim them it is divisible by the end it has and thought that aims at knowing truth only is theoracitcal but those thay aim at action is practical. Thought about things whose order is not established by humans is natural and is studied in natural philosophy, but thought whose order is established by humans is studied in other two philosophies. Now order established among concepts is studied in logical philosophy and order in human actions( as order to some aim) in moral philosophy. Order in things established using external matter is studied in mechanical arts( and crafts). Natural philosophy is divided into general Physics and its branches. It also has math. Physics studies being as mobile beig but there is also a science under natural philosophy that studies being as being and this is called first philosophy or metaphysics. The books of philosophy are: Organon, ethics, politics, economics, physics and subsequent books and metaphysics.
Will Durant is excellent
“This sentence is false”- I don’t understand how you explained this. The sentence is valid because it is a whole sentence but the logic makes the sentence false. Therefore, the sentence can only be false.
It begins with logic and common sense...
Epistemology is still the central area of philosophy
Timothy Leary?
Plato (Aristokles, actually - he just has wide shoulders and was a wrestling champ in school, hence the sobriquet) and Aristotle (Aristoteles) are my dad’s first cousins (paternal and maternal, respectively): they run the souvlaki joint just down the street from my place. I can tell you that both Uncles Ari are staunch democrats. They’ve somehow acquired the reputation of being “anti-democratic” just because they refuse to air ‘The Kardashians’ and other popular “reality” TV shows, or even sporting events (except for the Olympics as well as FIFA World and European Cup every four years, respectively) at their diner for fear of attracting the wrong type of customer and of distracting the waiters. They also keep a vigilant lookout lest the short-order cooks and the rest of the kitchen staff ever get it into their heads to form a union...otherwise, they’re ‘true-blue’ Democrats!
Formal logic is used in electricity and electronics Fregre. I loved his story living in library in Germany. Paradox : we use it in electronics and electricy. Binary: true then its false. X or statement. English language is logical. And, or , not. Exclusive or. Metaphore; God? Truth.. it it is what it is. Aristotle Plato: the perfect spheres Experience is reality
Realism: verify. Pragmatist theory: physical reality. William James: greatest psychology Idealism: Kant and Hegel. Deflation theory: AJ Ayer the english guy, I remember
Truth: and Universal: Human. Black, white , asian Humanists Plastic forms: the perfect circle l over that idea. Aritistion: there was universal in the objects .. nominalistic: occur razor cut out the bullshit.. epistemology : What is knowledges. JTB Justified true belief. Skeptics: experience and wisdom
Descartes : i think therefore I am.
Mhhh... This should titled "analytical philosophy".. I think it's really missing "Philosophy as a way of life", there should be an emphasis on that on top of (and prior to!) the analytical stuff. You know, Hellenistic philosophy, the presocratics, Plato's philosophical midwifery, stoicism, neoplatonism. Pierre Hadot has written great books on the subject!
Stuff that you read not to inform but to transform yourself. The original "love of wisdom"!
JTP(B)
How does the understanding of philosophy require such prerequisites? Even 'Philosophy Experts' express vastly contradictory interpretations of any particular literature.
We should just leave metaphysics to science at this point
Absolutely not
shoutout to us political philosophers
Nozick seems interesting, but is he trying to establish that virtually all property is illegitimate because they chain back to injustices in history? That sounds a lot like Marx's theory of Primitive accumulation.
First!
Reminded me of PBS Idea Channel's video "A Defense of “FIRST!”"
ua-cam.com/video/eFBqAliCcdQ/v-deo.html
(Which I haven't seen in forever)
You want to be the smartest
2003 i had read 2books
BI before internet
AI after internet
ALCHEMISTs
CGJ
John Dee
007
James bond
011
Found gravity
Or not
I thought the point to giving philosophical lectures on youtube is to be make them less boring and inaccessible, this video proved me wrong.
Who actually decides who are 'good people' and who are 'bad people' how is Alex Jones a 'bad people' just because his beliefs are simply not mainstream...? Are we really still on this level of reasoning... Wow... 🤔
Good and bad are man made concepts that change from culture to culture, their is no objective good or bad their only "is"