Correction: Iron _can_ fuse, but it is endothermic, so it sucks energy -out of the star in the process. iiuc, this causes the star to collapse further until the temperature rises again to what's sufficient for iron fusion, where upon it sucks out the energy again, and it keeps collapsing until it rebounds and goes "boom" :)-
Correction to my correction! So the iron _core_ never actually fuses -- it is stable without any additional energy (due to electron degeneracy pressure) until the iron core (its self) hits 1.44 M☉ -- as you said. But when the lighter elements of the outer layers later crash into that neutron core, some of that will fuse into iron and most _that_ iron will fuse into heavier elements, since there's so much energy in the massive shock wave that the endothermic fusion is possible. My apologies for the incorrect correction. Your statement that "iron can't fuse" is still incorrect, but I've had a wonderful time researching this. The great thing about being wrong is that it's an opportunity for me to learn something new. :) What am amazing Universe we live in! Thank you for this wonderful video!
@@firstnamelastname9918 Don't be such a stickler. I am sure you know what your talking about but you fall into the category of 0.001% of people that would notice that and then still call him out. Then you called yourself out after that. I pointed something out myself but I was just giving a suggestion and not really correcting. I guess my point is: don't be what all the kids are referring to as a "Karen." A "Karen" is someone that goes around telling people that they don't even know when they are wrong. You weren't only a Karen to him... You were even a Karen to yourself. That makes you some kind of Super Karen. I've never even heard of that. I get your point and I'm glad to have learned the extra knowledge you shared but... I wouldn't do that anymore. It's a bad look. Seriously tacky to say the least.
I really like your calm way of explaining these stuff. Not exaggerating or overreacting. Just plain and "simple" science, as it should be. Thats why these videos are so educational. Plus the little jokes in the middle are giving the much needed flavor to keep audience focused. You are good teacher!
For the Internet Foundation, I had to add KiloTesla and MegaTesla to "commonly used units". Yours is an early example of GigaTeslas, so there will be more. Gravitational energy density, magnetic energy density and many other kinds of energy density can all be interconverted now. Groups make and use 100+ Tesla fields now, and KiloTesla will be needed for stable fusion experiments and laser vacuum experiments. Magnetic fields are dynamic and useful below "sub-atomic" levels. Filed as (It is likely "magnetic fields all the way down" - KiloTesla, MegaTesla, GigaTesla and beyond) Richard Collins, The Internet Foundation
Great video. I really appreciated your analogies.. You spoke in laymans terms and made mind melting concepts understandable.. It sat right in the sweet spot for my education... I did feel the end where you “defended yourself” to the comments is not worth the effort.. Im sure you feel it’s important, but as a viewer adds nothing to me.. as your channel grows it will only hold you back. Perhaps get in contact with Answers with Joe (Joe Scott) he does a great job of not getting caught up in the keyboard worriers.. I think he has another channel TMI where he can vent. All the best mate, I’ve subscribed
Thank you for that feedback. The comment discussion was a first for me. I haven't done that before and thought it might be kind of fun. But yeah I should talk with Joe as he handles this stuff like a pro. Thanks again!
I took the part about pronunciation more as comic relief than actual worry about viewers opinions. Humor in judicious doses is never out of place. Just skip it if you don’t care for it. Edit. In case it was not clear I enjoyed it and found it funny and even interesting because I like language related topics. 👍
@@pansepot1490 I agree. It didn't feel like a grudge at all. It was actually a humorous way of bringing up the plethora of pronunciations that the English language allows and all of them have their reasons in their languages of origin or a speaker's linguistic variant. There's no "correct" pronunciation, linguistics isn't a subfield of ethics (the study of what is right). If anything, the only unethical behavior is shaming people for the way they talk. Most people will prefer to use the most common pronunciation simply because it's more effective at communicating. Personally, I think the way you (@Launch Pad Astronomy) pronounce is the best, the hard g is awkward and the "beetle-juice" is unnecessarily reminiscent of Beetlejuice.
I find it so very impressive that successions of physics, cosmologists, astronomers and solar scientists have collectively managed to comprehend so much of the 'life cycles' of stars. The fact that we've collectively been able to understand such strange and exotic objects as neutron stars, often with mathematics at the centre; is astounding to me.
Wish people would show more interest in Neutron stars like they do with Black holes. Could you do a video about theoretical stars; Quarks Stars, Iron Stars, Strangelet stars and Black dwarfs?
Thanks, I think those topics are pretty cool as well. I actually discussed black dwarfs as the end states of Red Dwarf stars (ua-cam.com/video/bBaTtKWcsrA/v-deo.html). However, I made this video to act as a launch pad for follow-up videos to get into those other topics. Stay tuned!
Black holes will always be the King of weird, though. Unless white holes are discovered. Most people can already grasp the concept of a neutron star or quark matter. Many people can kind-of grasp a black hole. But I am confident there is even much crazier stuff yet to discover out there!
I am fascinated by millisecond black widow/zombie pulsars and their black hole equivalents. Regular black holes are boring, they only have mass and spin to describe them.
This is so cool! And incredibly well explained so that these complex topics are easily comprehensible without feeling dumbed down. Good job friend! :) and thanks for the video.
love to see the steady rise of subscribers. Your channel deserves more attention and I'm glad to see it growing. Great video. The 2004 star quake is also covered by Deep sky astronomy for anybody interested in a short vid specifically about that event.
Awesome Channel, awesome video my man! Please don't stop making these. Something about the way you explain the universe makes it great to listen to. I definitely recommend this channel.
I love your explainations, videos and graphs, dude. Seeing things in such well designed context helps me a lot to understand the concepts you're talking about. Found the channel a week ago, and now I let out an audible "ooooh" every time I see a new video!
Excellent, clear, exciting explanations and well chosen images. Thank you! I feel that we need some mind-stretching to help keep ourselves oriented. Astronomy offers many chances for this, and neutron stars are great mind stretchers, especially as you describe them.
A number of the next gen telescopes under construction will definitely be great instruments for neutron star investigations. Namely the Giant Magellan Telescope, Thirty Meter Telescope, and Extremely Large Telescope. If a neutron star/binary has a bright transient event, it could be picked up by the Rubin telescope. Some pretty cool times up ahead!
Thanks for the explanation. Question: if neutron stars contain only neutral neutrons, why would they generate magnetism when they rotates? Also, changing magnetic fields would cause changing electric field. Why no one talks about having detected the electric field?
If a Neutron star spins so fast, wouldn’t the centrifugal forces keep us from getting smashed? What happens if it stopped spinning; Would the forces be so great it turns into a black hole?
It would certainly lessen the gravitational pull. If it spun fast enough. However it may be that the rotation speed would make the star have more quakes which introduces problems of its own. I ought to calculate that...
Wow! Great video! I subscribed the moment i watched your 1st video expecting good things and haven’t been disappointed. Keep it up and i look forward to seeing you hit your 1st 100,000 subscribers.
Interesting question. Neutron stars wouldn't be pulsars if they didn't rotate. The author mentions that the rotational frequency can change but doesn't mention how quickly. The angular momentum of the neutron star gets transferred to the angular momentum of its surrounding electromagnetic field.
I really appreciate and enjoy the ease and clarity in which you explain these facts; with a bit of humor and reality. At times it's difficult for our minute minds to concept the vast numbers in which our Universe operates! So fascinating! Quickly subscribed 💜💎
Question - how can the surface temp reach millions of K when the gravity is so strong? Wouldn't it not let molecules "jiggle" at all to produce such high temperature?
This was a pretty fun video :) I liked the little subtle jokes in there.I tend to wonder, if all this was humanly possible to surive if we could witness these events up close, would they be visible? or would it be energy? I guess energy is light, so it would probably be blinding, but it would be interesting to "witness" these events in a "normal" manner. Especially the rapid expansions and contractions, the idea of mass shinking so rapidly blows my mind and I'd love to witness that first hand
The energies, gravities and densities at work are simply incredible! I had no idea Earth was hit with a leftover sun quake from a magneton star that far away! I'm curious how many civilizations were affected other than ours.. if they are out there which I'm sure they are..
It really is mind-blowing stuff. I wouldn't want to be within a hundred light years of one of those starquakes. As for any civilizations closer, I hope their life insurance was paid up ;)
I stumbled upon your channel and found your way of communicating science quite amusing so I subscribed. Just a little suggestion though. I think you should try to keep the length of the videos under 12-13 minutes. Nowadays the audiovisual material on the Internet is so abundant and the attention of the public so scarce, that it is difficult to spend time watching everything one would like to see regardless of how interesting it is. Well, that's just my opinion anyway.
Thank you very much for the feedback and those kind words. I'm personally not a fan of overlong videos myself. I try to make them as long as they need to be but no longer. I ended up keeping a lot of content out of this one but looking at it, I can see where I could have cut or phrased something shorter. Appreciate the feedback, and I'm glad to have you along for the ride!
@@LaunchPadAstronomy You may also want to consider presenting a topic in more than one video. Neutron stars episode 1 and so on. That can also create some suspense and interest in people wanting to watch the next episode.
Funny you should ask, as I'm going to cover both in an upcoming video :) But the short answer is that a black hole is made from the collapsing cores of very massive stars. We're not sure how massive the star has to be, but estimates range from 20 to 40 solar masses and up. If the core gets to ~3 solar masses, it's thought that neutron degeneracy pressure cannot hold the core from total collapse. I discussed it briefly in my video on how high-mass stars evolve and die (ua-cam.com/video/RZkR9zdUv-E/v-deo.html). To your second question, yes, neutron stars have strong enough gravity to slow down time, gravitationally lens light, and so on. Not to the same extreme as black holes do but they warp spacetime very effectively.
Another really great video but isn't Magnetar a character off Rugrats, I could be wrong ,I haven't googled it yet but do i get extra credit or a badge if I'm right.
If a neutron star is made up of neutrons. so ho can it have a charge to create a magnetic field. You should have explained that better. OK you said the core MIGHT contain some iron but then you talked about strange quarks in which case again where does the charge come from to create a magnetic field? I am at 7:24 time of the video and already lost. Are there neutron stars without a charge or do all of the have a magnetic field?
A Star have magnetic fields,powered by their spin.When she explodes in a Supernova, the remnant matter conserves that field, but in a object a lot smaller and a lot denser, so to conserve the angular momentum it has to rotate a lot faster
@@eljcd But if it only contains neutrons, regardless of how fast it turns it should contain no charged particle so how can it create a magnetic field? No charge, no magnetic field, no? The remenant matter with charge will quickly fall into the neutron star because of its strong gravity. So do you mean that the surface maintains these charged matterial? Won't they turn into neutrons under the heavy pressure the same process that turned the rest into neutrons. Otherwise why neutrons don't decay into protons, electrons and antineutrinos as they do under other circumstances with 15 minutes average half life? And protons are stable normally. I am still not clear why there can be no neutron star without a magnetic field.
@@eljcd Besides the kind of magnetic field that the remnant materials rotating around the neutron star would create wouldn't look like what is shown in the diagram. The material rotating around the neutron star would be spinning in an accretion like disk around black holes.
@@eljcd OK I found out that neutrons have no charge but have an intrinsic magnetic field because of the quarks. That explains the rest and should have been pointed out in the video because I doubt many non professionals would know that.
Hi, very interesting vid but how is light escaping the magnetron if it's gravity is extremely strong ? Like blackholes? And how is matter so focused if its spinning so fast ? Shouldn't it be just thrown away because of the centrifuge effect ?
That was incredible. It's crazy what goes on out there. The wild west of physics haha. I loved your explanation of turning the earth into swiss cheese. I try to imagine weird situations with some of these things and that was perfect.
Pronunciations can be a personal thing. Prior to the Americanised "Beetlejuice", the common used pronunciation in the majority English speaking populace was "beh-tel-guze". The pronunciation I among a lot of others still use. So someone saying it is wrong is talking through their arse. BTW, excellent video as always.
excellent ! I enjoyed every second ! yet, there is still something that don't understand - what is different between the formation of a neutron star and a magnetar ? is it the original star's mass ? or is it something else ?
I'm glad you enjoyed it! All magnetars are highly magnetic neutron stars (which are highly magnetic objects to begin with). There may be more than one way to create a magnetar, however. They can be created in supernovae with just the right initial conditions, or they can form when a neutron star is sped up and its magnetic field increases. Starquakes like the one I talked about can set off a magnetar event as it results in a rapid increase in magnetic energy. So there's a few scenarios out there for forming magnetars, but they all are ultimately sub-types of neutron stars. Hope that helps!
Thank you very much ! Just one last question - "They can be created in supernovae with just the right initial conditions" - what conditions does it take ?
Could you explain why Betelgeuse is tagged as Alpha Orionis, when it clearly is not as bright as Rigel? I have seen many videos which point this fact out, but nobody ever explains just why that is...
Yeah, that's weird, isn't it? The Bayer catalog typically lists the brightest as Alpha, second as Beta, and so on. Since Betelgeuse is a variable star, it's quite possible that it was slightly brighter than Rigel at the time Bayer made his catalog.
I'm assuming that as we're talking about ever more massive dying stars, a resulting magnetar is one of the last possible 'remnant' options before such a massive star ends as an actual black hole. Can anyone confirm? Also, I've heard that some stars end their lives in supernova that don't even LEAVE a remnant, it's entire erstwhile existence is destroyed by the explosion, leaving nothing. Is there an equivalent of a Hertzprung-Russell diagram that shows star initial mass vs expected outcome at the end of that stars life? (I imagine it wouldn't be as simple as that)
Okay, so it's when the iron core gets to 1.4 solar masses, it implodes? And is that the size it must be in every star destined to become a neutron star? Or does it vary with size?
![The Insane Science of Neutron Stars [4K]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/qX6h72IyKSo/mqdefault.jpg)
🔴 Learn more about the strange lives and deaths of stars: ua-cam.com/video/tWsWcWAcK2U/v-deo.html
Great video. Any chance you could reduce the audio bass by 50% for your next video? Thanks.
Thanks for the feedback. Will certainly adjust for the next time!
Correction: Iron _can_ fuse, but it is endothermic, so it sucks energy -out of the star in the process. iiuc, this causes the star to collapse further until the temperature rises again to what's sufficient for iron fusion, where upon it sucks out the energy again, and it keeps collapsing until it rebounds and goes "boom" :)-
Correction to my correction! So the iron _core_ never actually fuses -- it is stable without any additional energy (due to electron degeneracy pressure) until the iron core (its self) hits 1.44 M☉ -- as you said. But when the lighter elements of the outer layers later crash into that neutron core, some of that will fuse into iron and most _that_ iron will fuse into heavier elements, since there's so much energy in the massive shock wave that the endothermic fusion is possible.
My apologies for the incorrect correction. Your statement that "iron can't fuse" is still incorrect, but I've had a wonderful time researching this. The great thing about being wrong is that it's an opportunity for me to learn something new. :)
What am amazing Universe we live in! Thank you for this wonderful video!
@@firstnamelastname9918 Don't be such a stickler. I am sure you know what your talking about but you fall into the category of 0.001% of people that would notice that and then still call him out. Then you called yourself out after that. I pointed something out myself but I was just giving a suggestion and not really correcting. I guess my point is: don't be what all the kids are referring to as a "Karen." A "Karen" is someone that goes around telling people that they don't even know when they are wrong. You weren't only a Karen to him... You were even a Karen to yourself. That makes you some kind of Super Karen. I've never even heard of that. I get your point and I'm glad to have learned the extra knowledge you shared but... I wouldn't do that anymore. It's a bad look. Seriously tacky to say the least.
"It would be the end of civilization as we know it. But, you'd be debt free." Nice one, Christian --- and: another great video!
Thanks Victor!
😂😂 -- I laughed pretty hard on that one, that was awesome timing! :-)
"That's annoying." lmao. thank you.
I actually laughed out loud at that...
Your cuteness was like a magnetar to which I must investigate
@@pineapple7553 While I agree with you to an extent, we don’t speak old English anymore.
❤❤❤
the pulsar when you call it annoying: 😢
Such an awesome video Christian.
Thank you so much, man!
Definitely my favourite objects in our often strange and bizarre universe. Millisecond Pulsars and Magnetars are insane things to think about.
Awesome, I'm glad I finally got to make a video on the subject, even though I barely scratched the surface :)
Awww my favorite object in our universe is you, Dave Kennedy!
@@scottydu81 same in return mate!
I really like your calm way of explaining these stuff. Not exaggerating or overreacting. Just plain and "simple" science, as it should be. Thats why these videos are so educational. Plus the little jokes in the middle are giving the much needed flavor to keep audience focused. You are good teacher!
Thanks for covering this subject in this video! Pulsars and Magnetars are definitely the astronomical objects that amaze me the most after dark holes!
You bet, I'm glad you enjoyed it!
Thanks for mentioning my comment. First time a UA-camr has done that to me. Appreciate it!
Thanks!
Thank you so much!
For the Internet Foundation, I had to add KiloTesla and MegaTesla to "commonly used units". Yours is an early example of GigaTeslas, so there will be more. Gravitational energy density, magnetic energy density and many other kinds of energy density can all be interconverted now. Groups make and use 100+ Tesla fields now, and KiloTesla will be needed for stable fusion experiments and laser vacuum experiments. Magnetic fields are dynamic and useful below "sub-atomic" levels.
Filed as (It is likely "magnetic fields all the way down" - KiloTesla, MegaTesla, GigaTesla and beyond)
Richard Collins, The Internet Foundation
Today I learned that optical pulsars are a thing. Honestly one of the coolest things I've ever learned.
The sounds of Pulsars always creeps me out for some reason. Awesome video. We are very Grateful ⚡️
Ha ha at "GPS", but this is great content. Hearing astronomical data is wonderful!
Thanks mate!
Your explanations of strange and astonishing things in astronomy are absolutely brilliant and really understandable. Thank you so much again!
Thank you so much for those kind words, I appreciate them so much!
A neutron star with a magnetar energy field is basically a wizard!!🧙♀️
Another awesome video -- I learnt a lot, as always! Also, I laughed out loud at the "annoying" pulsar. 😂 Thank you for doing what you do!
Thank you Finn, I really appreciate the comment. Fires me up to make the next one!
Best video about neutron stars I've seen so far
Great video. I really appreciated your analogies.. You spoke in laymans terms and made mind melting concepts understandable.. It sat right in the sweet spot for my education...
I did feel the end where you “defended yourself” to the comments is not worth the effort.. Im sure you feel it’s important, but as a viewer adds nothing to me.. as your channel grows it will only hold you back. Perhaps get in contact with Answers with Joe (Joe Scott) he does a great job of not getting caught up in the keyboard worriers.. I think he has another channel TMI where he can vent.
All the best mate, I’ve subscribed
Thank you for that feedback. The comment discussion was a first for me. I haven't done that before and thought it might be kind of fun. But yeah I should talk with Joe as he handles this stuff like a pro. Thanks again!
I took the part about pronunciation more as comic relief than actual worry about viewers opinions. Humor in judicious doses is never out of place. Just skip it if you don’t care for it.
Edit. In case it was not clear I enjoyed it and found it funny and even interesting because I like language related topics. 👍
Thanks Pat! I wanted to experiment a little and this seemed like a fun way to do it.
@@pansepot1490 I agree. It didn't feel like a grudge at all. It was actually a humorous way of bringing up the plethora of pronunciations that the English language allows and all of them have their reasons in their languages of origin or a speaker's linguistic variant. There's no "correct" pronunciation, linguistics isn't a subfield of ethics (the study of what is right). If anything, the only unethical behavior is shaming people for the way they talk. Most people will prefer to use the most common pronunciation simply because it's more effective at communicating. Personally, I think the way you (@Launch Pad Astronomy) pronounce is the best, the hard g is awkward and the "beetle-juice" is unnecessarily reminiscent of Beetlejuice.
@@LaunchPadAstronomy see answer above ;)
I find it so very impressive that successions of physics, cosmologists, astronomers and solar scientists have collectively managed to comprehend so much of the 'life cycles' of stars. The fact that we've collectively been able to understand such strange and exotic objects as neutron stars, often with mathematics at the centre; is astounding to me.
Agreed!
If a Neutron star was an actor and the Universe was the stage it would get the role of "Jack the Ripper"
Clever!
Neutron Jack.
I feel more of a Dr. Manhattan vibe. But that’s just me 👐🏻
Wish people would show more interest in Neutron stars like they do with Black holes. Could you do a video about theoretical stars; Quarks Stars, Iron Stars, Strangelet stars and Black dwarfs?
Thanks, I think those topics are pretty cool as well. I actually discussed black dwarfs as the end states of Red Dwarf stars (ua-cam.com/video/bBaTtKWcsrA/v-deo.html). However, I made this video to act as a launch pad for follow-up videos to get into those other topics. Stay tuned!
FitnessONI I 100% agree I think that would be interesting separately because this channel goes in detail
I find them more fascinating. They are pretty extreme
Black holes will always be the King of weird, though. Unless white holes are discovered. Most people can already grasp the concept of a neutron star or quark matter. Many people can kind-of grasp a black hole. But I am confident there is even much crazier stuff yet to discover out there!
I am fascinated by millisecond black widow/zombie pulsars and their black hole equivalents. Regular black holes are boring, they only have mass and spin to describe them.
Glad I found this channel. Quality content, congrats Christian!
And again an absolute great video!!!
Thanks! 😊
This is so cool! And incredibly well explained so that these complex topics are easily comprehensible without feeling dumbed down. Good job friend! :) and thanks for the video.
love to see the steady rise of subscribers. Your channel deserves more attention and I'm glad to see it growing. Great video. The 2004 star quake is also covered by Deep sky astronomy for anybody interested in a short vid specifically about that event.
Thanks man, I really appreciate it. You rock!
@@LaunchPadAstronomy any time pal. You've earned it.
I wouldn't worry about the nitpicking about your pronunciation, Christian. You're doing a fine job. Thank you for what you're doing.
Thanks Alex, much appreciated :)
Awesome Channel, awesome video my man! Please don't stop making these. Something about the way you explain the universe makes it great to listen to. I definitely recommend this channel.
My new most eagerly anticipated channel!
Thanks Brian!
I love your explainations, videos and graphs, dude. Seeing things in such well designed context helps me a lot to understand the concepts you're talking about. Found the channel a week ago, and now I let out an audible "ooooh" every time I see a new video!
Wow, thanks so much!
Excellent, clear, exciting explanations and well chosen images. Thank you! I feel that we need some mind-stretching to help keep ourselves oriented. Astronomy offers many chances for this, and neutron stars are great mind stretchers, especially as you describe them.
Thank you very much for those kind words. Astronomy is a very humbling endeavor.
I can’t fathom that kind of spin rate for something so massive
Me neither, and yet it spins :)
Great video, I love how illustrative it is, well done! :)
Thank you so much!
That repeating radio signal for that pulsar hits different, can someone make a beat outta that?😂
lol!
The Universe is awe inspiring beautiful and intensely horrifying at the same time 🤩😱💕
Indeed it is!
Best video and all the info needed about neutron starts 😊
The fact that neutron stars can get a millimetre high seems to speak volumes about the strength of neutronium
Are there any new & upcoming methods or telescopes that are going to further study neutron stars?
A number of the next gen telescopes under construction will definitely be great instruments for neutron star investigations. Namely the Giant Magellan Telescope, Thirty Meter Telescope, and Extremely Large Telescope. If a neutron star/binary has a bright transient event, it could be picked up by the Rubin telescope. Some pretty cool times up ahead!
2:00 I love the analogy. Very helpful. 💜
Thanks for the explanation.
Question: if neutron stars contain only neutral neutrons, why would they generate magnetism when they rotates?
Also, changing magnetic fields would cause changing electric field. Why no one talks about having detected the electric field?
If a Neutron star spins so fast, wouldn’t the centrifugal forces keep us from getting smashed? What happens if it stopped spinning; Would the forces be so great it turns into a black hole?
It would certainly lessen the gravitational pull. If it spun fast enough. However it may be that the rotation speed would make the star have more quakes which introduces problems of its own. I ought to calculate that...
.@ *Launch Pad Astronomy*
Thanks for the reply. 😊
Wow! Great video! I subscribed the moment i watched your 1st video expecting good things and haven’t been disappointed. Keep it up and i look forward to seeing you hit your 1st 100,000 subscribers.
Thank you so much, I really appreciate it! So glad to have you along for the ride!
This is some crazy awesome info. Thank you Christian.
Your channel is a goldmine. Underrated
Thank you so much for those kind words. I am, however, looking forward to being overrated someday :)
do we know of any pulsars that have almost stopped rotating
Interesting question.
Neutron stars wouldn't be pulsars if they didn't rotate.
The author mentions that the rotational frequency can change but doesn't mention how quickly.
The angular momentum of the neutron star gets transferred to the angular momentum of its surrounding electromagnetic field.
Christian Ready made a leap in presentation style. Good to see you are back, the long pause before the Betelgeuse video had me a tad worried
Thank you so much. I did release the supernova video when I returned. It’s good to be back in the saddle again!
Statistically mind blowing . Quite amazing that my neural galaxy can actually perceive it , considering the difference in scale.
A guy named "Christian Ready" running a science channel. That's awesomely
I really appreciate and enjoy the ease and clarity in which you explain these facts; with a bit of humor and reality. At times it's difficult for our minute minds to concept the vast numbers in which our Universe operates! So fascinating! Quickly subscribed 💜💎
Thank you so much! I'm very flattered.
Nice, where can I order a magnetar for a science experiment?
Question - how can the surface temp reach millions of K when the gravity is so strong? Wouldn't it not let molecules "jiggle" at all to produce such high temperature?
rotational movement
Fun fact: the molecular movement equivalent to room temperature is actually twice as fast as a rifle bullet
I've been studying this for a few years, glad I found your channel, you Sir, have a new subscriber, Thanks.
Long live the Universe. 🇺🇸
Thanks, and delighted to have you along for the ride!
I once saw a Neutron star in Elite Dangerous. It was a sight to behold.
Great content. Like the way you contextualise these galactic phenomenon in humi terms.
Thanks!
This was a pretty fun video :) I liked the little subtle jokes in there.I tend to wonder, if all this was humanly possible to surive if we could witness these events up close, would they be visible? or would it be energy? I guess energy is light, so it would probably be blinding, but it would be interesting to "witness" these events in a "normal" manner. Especially the rapid expansions and contractions, the idea of mass shinking so rapidly blows my mind and I'd love to witness that first hand
It’s utterly fascinating that a magnetar is so powerful, it’s magnetic field stops chemistry from occurring. Insane!
Really interesting content. Great analogies
Thank you so much, I'm glad you enjoyed it!
Very nice and interesting video. Many thanks Christian.
Thank you Christian, for introducing me to magnetars. . . freakin' mind blowing!!! 😮
You bet, Patrick, and thanks!
The energies, gravities and densities at work are simply incredible! I had no idea Earth was hit with a leftover sun quake from a magneton star that far away! I'm curious how many civilizations were affected other than ours.. if they are out there which I'm sure they are..
It really is mind-blowing stuff. I wouldn't want to be within a hundred light years of one of those starquakes. As for any civilizations closer, I hope their life insurance was paid up ;)
Thank you for the cool viewie. Very informative please keep it up!!!!
Great video Christian! Many thanks for your clear explanation
Thank you, Anne!
Learning so much. Really happy I found your channel today!
Thanks, I’m glad to have you along for the ride!
Relative Concept of "Now".. well said😌👍 Great Video too!!😯🌌☀️
Cool Video 🙏🏻👍🏻
These things are just and truly mind-boggling...that such extreme objects exist
Ty for talking about Magnetars, i never hear much about them, & they are my fav when it comes to pulsars quasars & magnitars
Nice video as always
Thank you, Anna, it’s much appreciated.
I stumbled upon your channel and found your way of communicating science quite amusing so I subscribed.
Just a little suggestion though. I think you should try to keep the length of the videos under 12-13 minutes. Nowadays the audiovisual material on the Internet is so abundant and the attention of the public so scarce, that it is difficult to spend time watching everything one would like to see regardless of how interesting it is.
Well, that's just my opinion anyway.
Thank you very much for the feedback and those kind words. I'm personally not a fan of overlong videos myself. I try to make them as long as they need to be but no longer. I ended up keeping a lot of content out of this one but looking at it, I can see where I could have cut or phrased something shorter. Appreciate the feedback, and I'm glad to have you along for the ride!
@@LaunchPadAstronomy
You may also want to consider presenting a topic in more than one video. Neutron stars episode 1 and so on. That can also create some suspense and interest in people wanting to watch the next episode.
It's the first time I've come across your videos. Great stuff! Subscribed ☑️
Wow, thank you! I'm glad to have you along for the ride!
@@LaunchPadAstronomy I'm looking forward to it, and thanks for the response 😊
Just found the channel and the way you explain things are very easy to understand. Subbed and thanks.
That was really interesting. I subbed.
So how is a black hole made? Does the magnastars affect time and space like a black hole?
Funny you should ask, as I'm going to cover both in an upcoming video :) But the short answer is that a black hole is made from the collapsing cores of very massive stars. We're not sure how massive the star has to be, but estimates range from 20 to 40 solar masses and up. If the core gets to ~3 solar masses, it's thought that neutron degeneracy pressure cannot hold the core from total collapse. I discussed it briefly in my video on how high-mass stars evolve and die (ua-cam.com/video/RZkR9zdUv-E/v-deo.html).
To your second question, yes, neutron stars have strong enough gravity to slow down time, gravitationally lens light, and so on. Not to the same extreme as black holes do but they warp spacetime very effectively.
I learned so much from this video! Thanks!
Your voice is so clear, what's the microphone did you use?
Subscribed! Neutron stars are wonderful
Thank you so much Nyar 23, and indeed they are. I'm glad to have you along for the ride!
Great video 👍🏼😎
Another great video
Thanks Jitin!
Amazing explanation! Great video
magnetars are fascinating
indeed they are
Pretty nice video.. Thank you Sir for the information. Keep it up.. Love from India. love from Punjab.. Stay Blessed
Thank you!
Nice presentation
Thanks!
A fine primer, easily absorbed. Liked and shared.
Thanks, I'm glad you enjoyed it!
Miss your livestreams, will they return any time soon?
Thanks Andrew. I'm still getting back into the groove, but yeah I oughta livestream soon!
@@LaunchPadAstronomy glad to hear that they will return. 🖖👽👍
@@LaunchPadAstronomy btw, as far as the pronunciation of Betelgeuse, just say what it means, arm pit. 😁
Another really great video but isn't Magnetar a character off Rugrats, I could be wrong ,I haven't googled it yet but do i get extra credit or a badge if I'm right.
Wow, after Billions of years, it only takes a few milliseconds to collapse and maybe SUPER NOVA EXPLOSIVE 🧨🧨
Pretty fooking informative..nice one
Thanks!
This guy has such a kind way of speaking
Thanks, I appreciate it!
Cool video bro. I have a question is the crack in the crust a micron wide or a micron long during a ⭐ quake.
Thank's for helping a family member understand what's part of my interests.
👍
If a neutron star is made up of neutrons. so ho can it have a charge to create a magnetic field. You should have explained that better.
OK you said the core MIGHT contain some iron but then you talked about strange quarks in which case again where does the charge come from to create a magnetic field?
I am at 7:24 time of the video and already lost. Are there neutron stars without a charge or do all of the have a magnetic field?
A Star have magnetic fields,powered by their spin.When she explodes in a Supernova, the remnant matter conserves that field, but in a object a lot smaller and a lot denser, so to conserve the angular momentum it has to rotate a lot faster
@@eljcd But if it only contains neutrons, regardless of how fast it turns it should contain no charged particle so how can it create a magnetic field?
No charge, no magnetic field, no?
The remenant matter with charge will quickly fall into the neutron star because of its strong gravity.
So do you mean that the surface maintains these charged matterial?
Won't they turn into neutrons under the heavy pressure the same process that turned the rest into neutrons. Otherwise why neutrons don't decay into protons, electrons and antineutrinos as they do under other circumstances with 15 minutes average half life? And protons are stable normally.
I am still not clear why there can be no neutron star without a magnetic field.
@@eljcd Besides the kind of magnetic field that the remnant materials rotating around the neutron star would create wouldn't look like what is shown in the diagram. The material rotating around the neutron star would be spinning in an accretion like disk around black holes.
@@eljcd OK I found out that neutrons have no charge but have an intrinsic magnetic field because of the quarks.
That explains the rest and should have been pointed out in the video because I doubt many non professionals would know that.
Hi, very interesting vid but how is light escaping the magnetron if it's gravity is extremely strong ? Like blackholes? And how is matter so focused if its spinning so fast ? Shouldn't it be just thrown away because of the centrifuge effect ?
That was incredible. It's crazy what goes on out there. The wild west of physics haha. I loved your explanation of turning the earth into swiss cheese. I try to imagine weird situations with some of these things and that was perfect.
Thanks man, I appreciate it!
Pronunciations can be a personal thing. Prior to the Americanised "Beetlejuice", the common used pronunciation in the majority English speaking populace was "beh-tel-guze". The pronunciation I among a lot of others still use. So someone saying it is wrong is talking through their arse. BTW, excellent video as always.
I'm sure they mean well, even as they cuss me out :)
Thanks
excellent ! I enjoyed every second ! yet, there is still something that don't understand - what is different between the formation of a neutron star and a magnetar ? is it the original star's mass ? or is it something else ?
I'm glad you enjoyed it! All magnetars are highly magnetic neutron stars (which are highly magnetic objects to begin with). There may be more than one way to create a magnetar, however. They can be created in supernovae with just the right initial conditions, or they can form when a neutron star is sped up and its magnetic field increases. Starquakes like the one I talked about can set off a magnetar event as it results in a rapid increase in magnetic energy. So there's a few scenarios out there for forming magnetars, but they all are ultimately sub-types of neutron stars. Hope that helps!
Thank you very much ! Just one last question - "They can be created in supernovae with just the right initial conditions" - what conditions does it take ?
Oops, sorry. It involves spin, temperature, charge, and the pre-existing magnetic field of the progenitor star.
It’s pronounced “big red boi.”
A Black Hole could swallow a Neutron Star, and simply burp.
Could you explain why Betelgeuse is tagged as Alpha Orionis, when it clearly is not as bright as Rigel? I have seen many videos which point this fact out, but nobody ever explains just why that is...
Yeah, that's weird, isn't it? The Bayer catalog typically lists the brightest as Alpha, second as Beta, and so on. Since Betelgeuse is a variable star, it's quite possible that it was slightly brighter than Rigel at the time Bayer made his catalog.
I'm assuming that as we're talking about ever more massive dying stars, a resulting magnetar is one of the last possible 'remnant' options before such a massive star ends as an actual black hole. Can anyone confirm? Also, I've heard that some stars end their lives in supernova that don't even LEAVE a remnant, it's entire erstwhile existence is destroyed by the explosion, leaving nothing. Is there an equivalent of a Hertzprung-Russell diagram that shows star initial mass vs expected outcome at the end of that stars life? (I imagine it wouldn't be as simple as that)
Okay, so it's when the iron core gets to 1.4 solar masses, it implodes? And is that the size it must be in every star destined to become a neutron star? Or does it vary with size?