Planck Theory of Blackbody Radiation - Only Resolution to Ultraviolet Catastrophe! (DERIVATION)
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- Опубліковано 8 кві 2023
- How did Max Planck explain the Blackbody radiation? In this video I discuss the Planck postulate and derive the Planck Energy Distribution for a cavity to explain the experimental observations of Blackbody Radiation.
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The Planck energy distribution is a fundamental concept in physics that describes the distribution of energy among the various possible states of a physical system. It was developed by the German physicist Max Planck in the early 20th century to explain the behavior of blackbody radiation, which had stumped physicists for decades.
Planck resolved the ultraviolet catastrophe by postulating that the energy of radiation was quantized, or could only exist in discrete packets of energy, rather than being continuous. This meant that energy could not be infinitely divided, and therefore could not approach infinity as the wavelength decreased. Planck's idea of quantization of energy is now known as the Planck postulate, and it is a fundamental principle of modern physics. The Planck energy distribution, derived from this postulate, accurately describes the behavior of blackbody radiation and is still used today in various areas of physics, including quantum mechanics and cosmology.
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1. Blackbody Observations - ua-cam.com/video/FRd28CLvMQM/v-deo.html
2. Rayleigh Jeans Law - ua-cam.com/video/kHz6zbDqifQ/v-deo.html
3. Planck Energy Distribution - ua-cam.com/video/tAZYKNKkxs4/v-deo.html
4. Summary - ua-cam.com/video/KR8SmZ5fGIg/v-deo.html
300 page book worth of physics laid out less than an hour in a super easy and kind manner. This is unbelievable.
BS! This is a great video but is in no way a substitute for a textbook. 300 pages? Name the book that covers UV catastrophe in hundreds of pages that is less than this video. Again, this is a great video but be serious.
Another brilliant lecture - really appreciate the clarity and completeness of your approach.
If the quality remains the same then perhaps we can delete all the other QM lectures off the internet and just use yours to save everybody time and confusion
Same feeling.
"clarity and completeness" u took the words straight out of my mind.
If you make a PDF I will buy it, and probably I will not be the only one. This really associates the formal math and the intuition in a striking way. Well designed, brilliant accomplishment.
Just Want to Tell...You're Doing a Commendable Job in every video you make...Thank You 🙏
Brilliant lecture....very clear explanation...all Physics studentsMUST WATCH this lesson
Sir please start a comprehensive lecture series on Statistical mechanics
Yes please
Hello sir. Your videos always inspired me. You are one of the best teachers in UA-cam. I am also started quantum mechanics in my graduation course in college. Your videos helped me a lot to understand quantum. My request to you that upload videos more
frequently.
What a wonderful physics teacher!! A delight to watch his way of lectures!!
wow sir so beautifull lecture ,we can feel your love for physics
Enjoying this beautiful journey of learning Quantum mechanics 😊😊
This is a REALLY excellent and amazing video!! Concepts are explained in an excellent manner!! Thank you very much sir
Mashallah! How beautifully you explained the whole topic, I really became your fan. You are a brilliant teacher. Love you and thank you sir!❤❤
here is an interesting derivation using the time dilation expression of STR: we have t(v)=t(0)*(1-v^2/c^2)^1/2. we write this as frequency 'f', which is defined as frequency = 1/time. hence we have f(v)=f(0)/(1-v^2/c^2)^1/2. for constant 'v' we have df=df(0)/(1-v^2/c^2)^1/2. we have dE=dP/dt *dx or dE*dt=dP*dx=k. this gives us dE*dt=k and dP*dx=k. from these one can obtain the heisenberg's uncertainty expressions. however, if we take dE*dt=k and write it as dE=k/dt we get dE=k*df, because df=1/dt as frequency = 1/time and for frequency = df we have df = 1/dt where dt = time. from dE=k*df we obtain E=kf+C where C is the integration constant. if when f=0 we have E=0 then C=0. hence, E=kf. of course from we can shown that k=h and obtain the general expression E=hf of which the planck expression for energy quanta or photon is a special case. hence E=kf(0)/(1-v^2/c^2)^1/2. from E=kf we get E(0)=kf(0). hence, E=E(0)/(1-v^2/c^2)^1/2. again for kinetic energy E(KE) we have E(KE)=E(v)-E(0) or {E(0)/(1-v^2/c^2)^1/2 } - E(0) = E(KE). for v
its just extremely amazing how he delivered everything so well. trying to make us understand the way planck thought, the types of examples he gives...its all just simply amazing. i expect to see more of your videos in the future ,sir.
It's impressive the way you explain such a difficult matter. QM is far from being my favorite subject at College but your explanation and excitement are helping me to understand what's the whole point of QM. Thanks a lot !!
Thank you very much sir❤
No words to your teaching ability. Stunned !!.
Watching again after 3 months. Still fascinating.😍
I've been really enjoying the lectures so far! Thank you so much sir
Fantastic explanation ❤
You have the power to explain physics in a very special Way 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
Thank you so much sir 🙏 for making the love of physics ..
Very coherent teaching.
Magnificent!
Sir one of most inspirational video.those who love physics.
best lecture till date inthe whole arena of internet world
another wonderful lecture ....i just love this channel😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍
Great lecture
Unbelievable lecture...
Very nicely explained sir,
Excellent!
thank You so very much Sir........
Thank you sir.
Very good explanation
Sir, Aap QM me itna crystal clear concept ke saath hi harek topic pe video bana. Chahe time aap extra laga lo but your content quality is outstanding.
I will try. Thank you :)
When the energy emitted by discrete fashion, so why the graph is in continuous fashion. Please anyone explain this phenomenon. Thanks
Because the y-axis in graph is the *average* energy density. An individual frequency is associated with discrete energies hv, 2hv, 3hv, 4hv,.... But the *average* energy for such a distribution comes out to be 1/(exp(hv/kT)-1) which varies continuously with frequency, v
At last, someone who explains how Planck arrived at his ground breaking equation. Bravo Sir !
I am a little disappointed that you only gave Willie Wien credit for his Displacement Law. In 1896 Wien formulated a very good approximation to describe the full spectrum, but with arbitrary constants. Planck himself gave Wien much of the credit for the basic equation correcting it for low frequencies and fleshing out the arbitrary constants. Then came the hard slog for Planck to try and explain mathematically how it came about.
I am surprised that faith was put into the Equipartition Theory for so long. Just looking at the energy part = KT, RJ should have realized this part was wrong since the other parts of their equation are constants.
Your genius revealed itself in how you explained the evolution from integration (continuous distribution) to summation (discrete distribution). This was the part I had been searching for a long time. Planck must have been totally puzzled why he needed to do this, but mathematically it was correct. As has been said many times, for him it was just a mathematical "trick" to get the right answer.
It took another genius, Albert Einstein, in 1905 to fully appreciate what Planck had stumbled on.
We may not say it often enough but we are so grateful for what you do and of course share your "Love of Physics".
This is art ...
The fundamental ideas of quantum mechanics is well understand sir and I willing for next video sir
Tq very much sir.
thank you sir
Nice lecture and simple mathematics.
Is zero ∆€ is classical limit that is a continuum or line segment of plotted area.Supplying energy to electrons linearly is a different transformation without collision. A amplified conversation. A QM reality problem.
Sir, the energy is associated with standing electromagnetic waves inside the cavity. Can we say that half of the energy is associated with the electric field and half of the energy is associated with the magnetic field of electromagnetic waves?
May I inquire why classically it is not 3*k*t instead of k*t since we are dealing with 3-dimensional harmonic oscillators? Maybe because of the 2 different directions of polarization--each parallel to the mode--but then it should be 2*k*t. Thanks in advance.
we wating for your lecture
Sir please put more videos on physics
Wow.
Sir Please upload the videos soon
Next lecture please 🙏
Sir at around 42:55, -1 was not written which appears immediately afterwards.Please explain why ? Thanks.
Sir, thermal radiation has a continuous spectrum of energies and is explained on the basis of the discrete nature of radiation. HRK 4th edition (page# 1035, article 49-8: line spectra) explains that the discrete (quantized) nature of the photon energies is hidden in the broad distribution of energies. I do not clearly understand. Could you please elaborate it a little bit.
Thanks
Each frequency emitted by cavity walls corresponds to many energies (hv, 2hv, 3hv, etc) hence energy is quantised. But the average energy density of the cavity corresponding to a frequency has a continuous graph (which is the blackbody spectrum)
@@FortheLoveofPhysics . Thank you Sir.
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If energy is quantized and from special reletivity we know that energy and mass are two different form of matter. Then is mass quantized also?? Plz explain sir !!
Yes. This topic is covered in a small subfield called quantum mechanics.
My current understanding was that energy of the photon is directly correlated with frequency. Now not so sure. Does E=nhf means that lets say green photon may have energy X but also 2X, 3X and so on?
You are correct. That's what the energy of a photon is. This video is simply in the context of the resolution provided by Max Planck for the case of blackbody radiation, which means that energy corresponding to a given frequency= n times hv
@FortheLoveofPhysics Then I do not fully understand these discrete distribution graphs. Their purpose is to chop off probability from 0 to dE. That's ok. But these "higher harmonics" n*dE seems to be still there. And since each graph is for given frequency i would expect some energy emitted for every dE slot. Will watch video on photoelectric effect now, maybe it will help.
If we use following binomial theorem,
∑𝑒^(−𝑛𝑥) = (1−𝑒^(−𝑥) )^(−1) and
∑𝑛 𝑒^(−𝑛𝑥) = 𝑒^(−𝑥) (1−𝑒^(−𝑥) )^(−2)
I think that the calculation will be more simple.
Sir I am from kolkata and your videos have really helped me in my graduation. Sir just for my curiosity if you don't mind can you tell us where do you live in kolkata?
Rajasthan
Why ist the average Energy 1/2 kT. If I solve this eqaution I get E + kT. What am I doing wrong?
For harmonic oscillator its 1/2 KT contribution from PE and 1/2 KT contribution from KE, so total KT
Sir G
Laser Physics
Start kar do please
I don't in any way regard what Planck did as "cheating." He was allowing the behavior of the the world (the Stefan-Boltzmann data) to guide him in trying to understand the world. In the end he found one way to get the theory to match the data - if he'd found four or five ways, then he'd have tried to suggest experiments to distinguish which one was right. That's how science is done.
The step from classical to quantum theory was a BIG one, and literally nothing we'd ever learned before had indicated to us that such an approach was required. Even today they say you can't "derive" quantum theory using classical methods, though I have seen at least one paper that comes pretty close. So there really wasn't a viable theoretical path for Planck to follow.
This is Max Planck at the age of 85: ua-cam.com/video/B9FpAGK8bj8/v-deo.html
sir please use hindi
Dont, English is much better
Thank you very much sir.....❤
The fundamental ideas of quantum mechanics is well understand sir and I willing for next video sir