What's the Best Transit for Small Cities?
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- Опубліковано 4 жов 2024
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Besides both being powerhouses in transit big & small, France and Germany each brought separate innovations to the medium-capacity rail revolution: Automated Light Metros & Stadtbahns. But which one’s better for your medium-sized city? Let’s discuss.
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french here. I consider that when a city hit 100 000 inhabitants, it's time to build a tram. They are very useful in towns of that level, Like Orleans or Tours. But for smaller towns, it could be too expensive, and a hight frequency bus is often sufficient enouth.
Brt, bus rapid transit, must be the minimun level for that kind of city. it depends also with inhabitants density.
A bus would be more flexible too.
Still trams have many advantages just alone by the visual impression.
I agree. Although Tours tramway is a bit of a disgrace, not because the system is bad (I actually love the overall design of the rolling stocks and the tram stops), but because it is way to small of a network. Tours needs probably three tram lines.
@@SpectreMk2 indeed, Tours is growing quite fastly, and the network need an improvement.
@SieurBrabantio what would a place of 20,000 need?
Currently watching this in the TGV back from Rennes, which I visited today!
A TGV seat can be a very nice office (although I recommend the first class, which is anyway not that more expensive than second class with SNCF). I hope you enjoyed Rennes!
@@SpectreMk2 indeed I used to often book the 1st, but I have TGVmax now…which means 2nd class only but im not complaining for 79€ a month !
@@TransitExplained Smart choice 👍
There are so many American cities that should have Light Metro systems or Stadtbahns at least. I wish SLC had one or botb of those systems. A downtown tunnel or elevated line through SLC with the trains operating at street level elsewhere would really help the system
@@sawyerhamilton446 Salt Lake City and vicinity are sooo sprawled in their N-S axis, that i can hardly see anything else than light rail or suburban trains to serve this "small-medium metropolis"...
@francoisdandurand a Stadtbahn could easily serve that because so many of the larger cities follow that north-south corridor. But we definitely need to scale up our Regional Rail (FrontRunner) capacity too.
Hell, I live in Chicago, which sounds way too large for a stadtbahn, but our existing transit system is a few outdated metro lines that cannot travel very fast and dozens of overworked bus lines that desperately need dedicated bus lanes on a sprawling but dense - for America - metropolitan area. The north side of Chicago is streetcar suburbs stretching for miles and miles...poorly serviced by transit. The grid pattern stretches into the near suburbs who have very poor transit, and while the middle and outer ring suburbs have the loop-de-loop local street design, their main avenues are still in straight lines great for transit and most have real downtowns. Some are currently connected with commuter rail, but there are several near Chicago proper that could be connected via stadtbahn that then connects to the commuter rail and metro stations in Chicago, which are functionally completely separate systems, with very few of their stations aligning, even when their right-of-ways are within blocks of each other. Where a stadtbahn would be most powerful here I think is along the Fox River, however, where an interurban used to run. The downtowns along the river are starting to revitalize or already have, connect three different commuter rail lines to the city, and just need local officials to approve density increases and mixed-use development for such a line to be economically feasible. Quite often have I found myself traveling from the town my parents live up the river to another riverside downtown to an event or to enjoy the businesses in that town. Or now that I live in the city, taking the commuter rail line to Aurora and then having to get picked up from the station by a friend or family member just to travel five miles...too far to walk and very difficult to bike in the winter.
German stadtbahns and French mini metros are both amazing and better than anything in any smaller/medium sized city in the UK.
Why?
@@flopunkt3665 because in most British cities, even large ones like Leeds, they only have buses. Birmingham only has a single tram line with 2.2 million citizens in its metropolitan area. Most UK tram networks have no tunnels with underground stations under the city centre and in some cases, they even have to crawl through pedestrianised areas at 10mph.
@@lazrseagull54 Don't forget the terrible suburban rail which runs half hourly if you're lucky and never has fare integration with other local transit or good branding. It's a shame because if they just sorted that out most British cities *could* then claim to have a respectable S-Bahn-style system.
@@elijahjbennett 💯 fare integration and consistent branding would be appreciated. Needing to buy seperate tickets for bus and rail puts people off UK public transport.
Route numbers for the trains would be great too. We don't call the 38 bus "the Arriva service to Clapton Pond calling at Grosvenor Gardens, Wilton Street, Hyde Park Corner, Old Park Lane/Hard Rock Cafe, Green Park Station, etc." requiring passengers to listen through the stops to know which line they're catching.
@@flopunkt3665 because they're all something, most medium sized cities in the UK have woefully inadequate public transport infrastructure, and no intermodal fare integration.
small cities? My Cities: Skylines town has 5 metro lines with just over 150 000 population
Cities Skylines Its nice but in this regard just not realistic
And presumably farms/gravel quarries and stuff like that that generate massive queues of trucks, whereas the real-life gravel quarry in the next village to me generates maybe 3 trucks per day of traffic and the farms between my town and the neighbouring village generate pretty negligible traffic.
Yeah but they are not simulating realisticly. Skyscrapers have Like 20 people living in them.
This might be possible. Just don’t mention the city skyline part.
It’s a game, not a simulator. The game design makes a lot of compromises to make it fun not realistic, which is good it’s a game.
Also it doesn’t take all into account, again a game.
Barely enough
Fun fact: Toulouse metro network (two lines of about 15 km each, using VAL rolling stocks) transports daily about as many people as the entire Chicago subway network (each roughly 400000 ppl per day, although Toulouse is building a third line which will dramatically increase this figure in the future).
I live in a small City near Berlin which has a Population of 28000 people. Weve got our own tram network an S Bahn line which connects us to Berlin and even an Ferry which is a Unique type. It runs on Electricpower. Unfortunately tho some parts of our Tram network has been removed in 2006. They didnt need it anymore because the DB canceled the Rail Connection for our Tram/Trainnetwork. The City is Called Strausberg
Bester See!
@@FlorianGampe-z1c Meinste du den Straussee? Wenn ja dann hast du recht, Liebe das klare Wasser und eben die Fähre
@@NickelBlase Ja! Genau den
Despite being the second oldest driverless metro system (it opened in 1983) and lacking modern CBTC technology, the Lille metro remains the world's most frequent, with trains every 66 seconds during rush hour. It was also the first system to use modern glass platform screen doors as we know them today.
The VAL automatic train control is truly genius. This is not surprising that Matra (and later Siemens) built an entire business around designing and selling automatic train control systems for many other metro and train networks (Paris RER and GPX, London Crossrail, HK metro etc.).
Love the abundance of footage from Stuttgart!
We have the best Stadtbahn.
Personally I think automated light metro with ultra high frequency is a better enabler of car free lifestyles.
Reliable high frequencies also make trips with transfers a lot more likely. A bus to metro to bus journey can be a lot more palatable if there is barely any wait for the metro.
Urban planners are also a lot better at making the areas under elevated rail pleasant environments these days. Which really helps make these systems attractive.
There is also the word "pre-metro" or "premetro".
That one overlaps with Stadtbahn when you really like to focus on having a rapid transit system. So the stops are all platform-level and the street-level sections are ensured to have priority so that trains are timely even when running at high frequency in the morning hours. A pre-metro also tends to have shorter trains as high-frequency was planned from the beginning. In contrast to pre-metro you have U-trams where the tram network only converges into a single city tunnel with trains entering at any time they arrive. That makes the inner city more accessible but you keep low frequency on outer sections, plus you can aovid careful planning, so it is simply cheaper.
I found this video helpful as I'm from Maine, which is full of small cities that currently have good to mediocre bus transit
Which cities in Maine please I’m looking for a new place to live
@@elizabethdavis1696 Portland, the Lewiston-Auburn area, and Bangor, and those are only the ones that I am sure of
5:47 youre showing Wiesbaden hahaha not Frankfurt, but the stations look kinda similar
10:26 That's a Frankfurt tram (low-floor), not a Stadtbahn (high-floor). The networks are quite separated, only the maintenance facility is shared.
In Stuttgart, the tram system was gradually converted to Stadtbahn - it took ~25 years and included a change from narrow to standard gauge.
In Cologne, there are low-floor and high-floor Stadtbahn lines.
Many other German cities (like Freiburg and Erfurt) call their tram system "Stadtbahn" for marketing reasons
I have a chance to live in Toulouse, France, a city with a light automated metro (VAL), and I live now in Germany, where I had experience with StadtBahn systems of Karlsruhe, Hannover or Stuttgart and I have to say as a user, I like more the VAL solution. Nevertheless, there is one huge advantage of Stadtbahn: if you already have a tram system, it's easier to upgrade it this way. Plus, you have a bigger network quickly. But the comfort, frequency and speed are on the VAL side.
These tiny VAL are awesome. I just wish that they were not so crowded during the morning peak.
I live in Tallinn, Estonia, a city with approximately 460,000 residents and over 630,000 in the metro area. There have been a couple of proposals to build a light metro system here since the city gets very congested on workdays. These proposals have usually come from the private sector though, including real estate companies. Currently we have a relatively small tram/streetcar system, few train lines that make some stops inside the city (somewhat similar to Stockholm's pendeltåg), but the public transportation is mostly reliant on buses, and they tend to get stuck in the traffic. I can definitely see the need for a light metro here with tunneled sections in the city center. However, the city government has not shown any real interest in creating those light metro lines. Investments into public infrastructure are low although there's actually enough money available. Seems a little bit similar to the situation in North America.
The city of Porto in Portugal (im from there) has a interesting Tram Train metro system called Metro do Porto
I think I«it can be considered Medium TRansit because it dont have a high capcity
Also it goes underground in the center of the city
it's definitely a Satdbahn
And they killed a lot of old tram lines to build it and replaced them by busses 😢
Reece "I can't think of city that has both" Also Reece proceeds to add clips from the city that has both to the video (although only light metro line)
Québec City needs both ! A train that would serve both sides of the river and a automated light metro for the city center.
Hey, my station in Karlsruhe got included in the video.
I am from Frankfurt and I love our Stadtbahn/U-Bahn. It takes me from the edge of the city to the center in 15 minutes and frequent enough, that I don't need to know the schedule, even late at night. Combined with the Trams, Busses and S-Bahnen it creates a very good public transit system for the whole region.
Very demure, very medium transit - we‘re here for it!🎉
Fun fact²: the fisrt VAL metros built for Lille (VAL206) have a direct lineage with the Paris automated rolling stocks (from the MP89 to the MP14) of line 1, 4 and 14. Both types were built at the "Petite-Forêt" factory near Valenciennes (onwed by Alstom since 1983), and both have an automatic train control made by Siemens Mobility France (which used to be Matra).
Thank-you, thank-you, thank-you Reece!!!
This is the video I've been longing for, as a resident of a small-and-growing-city.
The best system is the one that gets actually built AND is budget sustainable to avoid budget shortfalls that will cut services. I'm looking at you TransLink.
Thanks for this - as you say, there are a lot of options for transit systems, and it can be important to be able to upgrade - not only if/when a city expands, but also as its population may change from driving to using transit, maybe because of climate or air-quality worries, or as a healthier option for themselves, or because new management makes the transit better, or more frequent ... etc.!
Re frequency, are there any published statistics which show at what level of frequency (excluding other factors, which may be difficult) there is the most significant growth in transfer from driving? My own hunch is 8 per hour: a maximum wait of seven and a half minutes (if you just missed a train/bus) is quite bearable, and the average wait of 3-4 minutes is as long as you'd take to find a place to park the car, actually park it, tidy it, get your bag(s) out, lock it up, pay for parking etc..
A core factor to factor in looking at France and Germany explaining it might be the major difference in population density distribution, leading to different purposes.
And in another aspect automated light metros might also offer simpler opportunities to consider the Interests of Michelin.
I mean, could you possibly for example offer a solution to integrate Translohr technology into the german Stadtbahn?
One of the main reasons, if not the main reason, German cities built Stadtbahn systems in the post-war decades is that they had sprawling tramway systems full of corridors that could be repurposed for a Stadtbahn. Some of these cities would have liked to build a real metro system, but had to make do with limited budgets. They specifically looked at what they could to with the pre-existing infrastructure. So the choice that they were facing was to build a metro system where each line would have required newly built grade-separated infrastructure from end to end, or to build a few strategically located kilometers of grade separation in the city center, and basically get the suburban corridors for free, since they already existed.
You can really see that design philosophy in the suburban sections of the German Stadtbahn systems, where the stations are often just prefab concrete blocks on the site of the track (no turnstiles, sometimes not even a shelter) and the right of way was made exclusive by just putting a metal fence around it. Even with the newly built tunnel stations, they often have shallow cut-and-cover tunnels and tiny station boxes that are basically just stairs leading to narrow side platforms.
Stadtbahn systems are obviously lower capacity than real metros and I'm not sure Germany would have turned to the Stadtbahn without all those tramway corridors just "lying around".
Hmmm. Actually, some German cities after the war did scrap their tram lines in favour of the automobile, and many tram lines were also using some less common narrow gauge rail, so “reuse existing railways” was not much of an option. I think that this is more of a city-specific thing.
Watching this from Toulouse automated light metro!
I think Frankfurt really nailed the stadtbahn concept. Their new U5 trains can even insert sections into a train to make 100m long trams with just two cabs (or remove the two middle sets for 50m)
Watching this on an automated light metro in Germany 😂
Can you make video about Tampere Finland
3:57 Interestingly, on one of the episodes of the official CDPQ podcast they had one of the lead people from the REM on to discuss why they consider it to be a light metro - and the guy said that the only thing that distinguishes heavy metro from light metro is vehicle capacity and therefore the REM is a light metro. Meanwhile, local media has settled the debate by exclusively referring to it as light rail 🙃
Great video! Just two questions:
Is 80m really the right cutoff? The overwhelming majority of the Paris Metro uses 75m trains and I've never seen it referred to as light metro.
Wouldn't the Rouen "metro" qualify as a stadtbahn?
1- In fact, there is no real answer to "what is and what is not a light metro". But here in France we usualy consider Paris, Lyon and Marseille to have a heavy metro dispite the small trains sizes. This is partly because VAL is a very specific kind of system which integrate the trains, the automation and the infrastructure. As a consequence, it's very hard to move from this system and Lille who tries to implement Alstom units is struggling
2- Yes it's kinda like a stadtbahn in it's features !
He's Canadian using skytrain station platform as a reference. off course 75m is fine. There is no official standard.
it just baffles me how here in india we’re building heavy metro systems in cities that really do not need it and fall perfectly into this category of stadtbahns. it’s like we want to position ourselves to fall into the “overbuilding, underperforming” transit trap
Well, the government might have good reasons for doing so. For example:
Good pricing. The building companies know how to do it cheapest way possible when doing it over and over again.
Future safe, when your cities grow, you are all set.
Coming from Stockholm in Sweden, that's what they did here a long time ago. They built quite a lot of heavy metro in the between to 50s and 70s. Since it's construction it took many decades before a new big construction more than one extra station was needed.
And that's right now.
More local transit would be amazing. Might take a conversion of meter gauge to standard gauge, but then it would be set
I’d call the Paris T3 tram lines stadtbahns, altho’ they have a lot of dedicated ROW.
babe wake up, new rm transit vid just dropped
The German stadtbahn or a French tram. The mini metro only serves to hide away public transit while benefitting the car: as evidence, Rennes is quite car centric compared to similar sized French towns
I don't agree with you, Rennes is a quite small city, 17th agglomeration in France in 2021, with a population similar to Tours, Saint-Étienne or Béthunes and its light metro is way more used than the Tram in Saint-Étienne or Tours.
Of course Rennes is denser than the other cities I mentioned, surrounded by a green belt that makes its agglomeration small but I think this is precisely why a relatively high capacity light metro made more sense than a lower capacity tram (that can be built bigger) in a city like that.
Yes I agree with you, metros hide transit so they don't annoy cars, but in the other hand cars, pedestrians and everything don't annoy metro so they can go faster be automated and go more frequently, giving high capacity.
Other things should be done to give more space to pedestrians/cyclists and less space to cars in the town, but I don't think it is the fault of the metro, that I feel is well adapted to Rennes.
Sounds like Halifax needs it's own Stadtbahn
I have always wondered. Are automated guided trollybusways a good idea? They can combine that mini metro efficiency with bus like flexibility
Both Stadtbahn@LRT and Light metro are the most efficient way for small cities like Penang and Kuching
In British Columbia, Skytrain is not the apparent answer to Greater Victoria, Fraser Valley, Sea-to-Sky Corridor, and Kelowna Region. Maybe S-bahn?
Regensburg has 160000 inhabitants and in 2024 voted against introducing a Tram system (which it once already had, until it was scrapped in 1964). Meanwhile, Erlangen (one hour away) with 118000 narrowly voted in favor.
@RMTramsit Do a video on this topic for Calgary's Green Line with all of the drama going into that project. Does Premier Smith have a point on avoiding a tunnel for elevated track in the DT Core?
In Arizona. For most places. like The mountain terrain of cympo district would need something That hybridizes both systems,
Paris historical metro is often considered to be light metro compared to what is done now. Of course, given your definition, that would rule out Lines 1, 4 and 14... but they have same coach size.
Grand Paris Express is considered heavy metro (except for Lines 16, 17 (despite the same coach width) and 18 because they are shorter but they still set to go faster than usual Paris metro with top speed going well over 100 kph and stops being more than 1.5 km apart.
Depending on how the right of ways and the traffic is managed by police, trams can be very slow, especially in Paris, contrary to Nantes where trams cross intersections at full speed...
Paris Trams are now slower than how busses were twenty years ago on average and busses are even worse thanks to "ecologists wanting bile superhighways everywhere".
I'd argue that for Stadtbahn equivalent, tram trains are that. But not necessarily very well streamlined and the lines depend much on who built them or who upgraded them...
Nantes and Bordeaux wanted VALs Automated Light Metros but given the nature of the soil (mostly sand just like in St Petersbourg), the cost of building even a tiny metro was judged prohibitive 40 years ago. So they went for a tram network. Nantes came out quite fine thanks to intelligent traffic regulation. Bordeaux on the other hand... All lines cross in the same postcode and gridlock eachother during rush hours. Even Nantes notices some problems sometimes. Both cities have grown a lot these last four decades and now wonder if a proper metro wouldn't be best... despite the cost.
Toulouse didn't want trams, they chose VALs, the third line will be heavier duty, tyreless, more streamlined and normal metro, still quite short in length but larger in width, designed to releive the first two lines of their excess of traffic and link with the airport, thus shortening trips from the center (and the tram line to the airport was quite slow and did not serve the inner city anyway, forcing a transfer).
Rennes chose VAL because of the terrain mostly, however the second line has a bad system inspired by Lohr gadgetbahn tech... and the line was closed for six months after an accident. The Neoval idn't wanted anymore by anyone else, hence why Toulouse chose a normal system for their next line.
Lyon chose large metros, stations longer than the trains to be able to extend them somehow. Construction was difficult in shallow terrain but is ultimately future proof for the most part.
Marseille would need a third line but the city is crippled with debts and corruption.
Light metros can benefit greatly from ouver ground construction, adding platform length to a overground station is easier and cheaper than digging thirty meters of tunnel outright if you don't have the finances to do it at first.
If your finances allow it, digging longer stations at first is the way to go for future proofing, at least design tunnels and stations for easier works next when you need it.
can make a video about the Bielefeld light rail?
Thoughts on Jersey City? For a city of its size, it has decent transit access. The PATH, HBLR, and good bus connections.
I live in a small city by international standards but by Nigerian standards it is a relatively big city. Cities and towns in my region of Nigeria (South West) are relatively close. Lagos as a state and City now has a elevated metro system. What would you suggest as the expansion of rail transport would help to reduce stress on our motorways and help people move more efficiently.
My conclusion, as long as your city grows, you'll need to throw a lot of money to update the system. ALM sounds a lot to Gadgetbahn. While Stadtbahn is that system, you built cheap for a while and then overstayed its welcome. Probably a medium-sized city is the only place where light rail makes sense.
BTW, Madrid could be called the lower bound of heavy rail transit. It's still heavy rail, but in the older lines, you notice that the whole rapid transit concept started as trams below (or above) street level and evolved from it. And the stations can get pretty claustrophobic.
Dockland's Light Railway is obviously an automated light metro. Would the Croydon Trams count as a Statbahn with its mix of on-street running and former rail corridors?
I think the Manchester Metrolink is a better example for a Statbahn than the Croydon trams
@@nether_bat Yes, but I'm looking for an example of a city that has both.
Hi Reece, big fan. I wanted to ask if you are planning any videos soon on Egypt's upcoming transit revolution? The country already has 3 Metro lines in Cairo (It's not much for a city of 23 million people, but it's a start), and is building two more lines in Cairo and one in Alexandria, in addition to modernising Alexandria's over 164 years old tram system, which will be modernised by a consortium of Hyundai/Rotem as well as local Egyptian companies. Besides that there is an LRT connecting Cairo with the new administrative capital. As well as two modern Monorail lines constructed by Alstom and Bombardier due to open next year, and should be the longest driverless lines in the world. There is also a BRT line being constructed to run on Cairo's ring road. Besides all that the country is also building 1000+ kms of its first High speed rail network that will connect most of the country and is constructed by Siemens and will run modified Siemens trains that will withstand the desert heat, with the first phase due to open in 2027 with two more phases following shortly after.
Although most of these projects are still in the final phases and are due to open starting from next year all the way up to 2030, but I would love to see a video from you covering that.
Thanks a lot and keep making great videos.
Make a video focusing on Asian transit (India/Japan/China)
They move a lot of people everyday
All of them have been explained in past vids... Pls go checl it for yourself🤦♂🤦♂
I think about what a combination can give
I like the blue one better
Nürnberg in Germany has metro with 2/3 lines being driverless
Copenhagen is building a new light rail line in addition to the metro and the s-trains, but I don't know if this new line qualifies as a stadtbahn.
Canadian here , I live in Laval Québec Canada a city around 430 k on an 246 km² Island called Île Jésus just north west of the Island of Montréal (436 km²) we got 2 commuter trains line branch one of them is getting convert to a light metro (REM) the other being operate by a bi-level train with a worst frequence and a longer detour and a metro branch extension on the Montréal Métro (Cartier, De la Concorde, Montmorency).
I asked to the local Transit autority the Société de Transport de Laval (STL)
if we could have trams on the island like in France/germany . They say they don't the demand required to need a tram network. Buses are doing the job just fine.
We have also 4 North-South Highways (13 Chomedey ,15/17 Des Laurentides ,19 Papineau-Leblanc and 25 de Lanaudiere) and one east-west highway (440 Jean-Noël Lavoie formerly Laval Highway).
Stadtbahns are really just another name for an interurban
Please add subtitles
So, I guess you'd categorize the PATCO Speedline as an automated light rail?
With AI computer vision advances, all trains will be soon automated. even city trams. it is inevitable.
Human Operators are essential in my experience.
What does the DLR count as? I know Greater London isn't small, but the DLR only covers a fairly small area.
I'd say DLR is in a similar vain to the examples shown in this video. It was designed to be cheaper to build and unlock new development in what was a forgotten corner of inner East London. What made the DLR easy to build though was that it could reuse abandoned rail right of way, the tunnels under the Thames cost most of the money. But I think for the size of the area, the DLR could be used in towns and cities of a similar size, like anywhere with a population of 300000 to 400000 and higher. In densely populated cities like Bristol, you'd probably have to either build trams or go underground but I wonder with places like Leeds where the population is more spread out and a lot of neighbouring towns are nearby, an elevated light rail system would probably be a good fit. Light rail works quite well for Newcastle and the towns around it.
@@aaronsmith9209 Considering Leeds has a population north of 2 million and doesn't have any interior transport on rails, I don't think an upper limit of 400000 is high enough.
The DLR is a light metro system that just happens to serve only a portion of its city.
@@sIightIybored 300000 to 400000 and higher so naturally that would include far bigger places like Leeds where we as a country have failed to provide adequate public transport.
@@bahnspotterEU It is in fact less light than it was envisaged! I wonder if it is, at least when the new trains come, full metro not just light metro?
(Ignoring pedantry that it doesn't really "serve" the City of London.)
Detroit. Population 670k. Is that a "small city". There is an elevated People Mover (13 stations, 3 mile loop, unidirectional, free to ride), about 700k rides per year. Note: when Detroit hosted the NFL draft, there were 70k riders for that event.
Shenzhen video when?
👀 Quebec City...
How about I use the best of both worlds for North America?
👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍
Stadtbahn -> Pronuciation ist "Shtutt" in English...
Before watching the video. For small cities best thing is extensive network of reliable, cheap buses every 15 minutes.... Network must create a mesh not be radial. As simple as that
Why do you hate American light rail so much?
Do they? If anything, Americans are too in love with light rail (in the US sense) to the detriment of heavy rail metro, light metro, and regional rail.
It bad and isn't really trying
it’s a cop out for not actually building heavy rail
Because America treats it as the solution to everything. But it's not. It has its place, but it isn't the sole solution
He has a video on it
Video 14 of asking for a Cleveland video
Your channel is a real example of how to make quality videos. Thank you for your hard work and effort!🥝😼🛥