Battle of Granicus 334 BC - Alexander's Conquests DOCUMENTARY
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- Опубліковано 6 жов 2021
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The new Kings and Generals animated historical documentary series covering the conquests of Alexander III the Great of Macedon continues with the aftermath of his Balkan campaign ( • Alexander the Great's ... ) during which he defeated Thracians, Illyrians and rebelling Greek cities at the battles of of Mount Haemus, Pelium and Thebes. This video will focus on the beginning of his campaign against the Achaemenid Empire, as the Macedonian king attacks Asia Minor, which leads to the battle of Granicus in 334 BC. We are planning to cover all campaigns of Alexander and all of his major battles, including Gaugamela, Tyre, Issus, Granicus, Halicarnassus, Gaza, Hydaspes and more.
How Alexander Defeated his Balkan enemies: • Alexander the Great's ...
How Rome Conquered Greece: • How Rome Conquered Gre...
Philip II and Macedonian Phalanx: • Armies and Tactics: Ph...
Philip II's Cavalry and Siegecraft: • Armies and Tactics: Ph...
Diplomatic Genius of Philip of Macedon: • Diplomatic Genius of P...
Military Reforms of Alexander the Great: • Military Reforms of Al...
Alexander the Great: Logistics: • Alexander the Great: L...
Special Forces of Alexander the Great: • Special Forces of Alex...
Ancient Macedonia before Alexander the Great and Philip II: • Ancient Macedonia befo...
Why were Alexander's Body and Tomb So Important? • Why were Alexander's B...
What happened to Alexander's tomb? • What happened to Alexa...
Alexander the Great in Quran and Middle Eastern Myths: • Alexander the Great in...
Ancient Greek State Politics and Diplomacy: • Ancient Greek State Po...
Demosthenes: Greatest Enemy of Philip of Macedon: • Demosthenes: Greatest ...
Greek and Barbarians: • Greek and Barbarians -...
Bosporan Kingdom - Longest Surviving Ancient Greek State: • Bosporan Kingdom - Lon...
Ancient Greek Kingdom in India: • Ancient Greek Kingdom ...
Ancient Greek State in Afghanistan: • Ancient Greek State in...
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The video was made by MalayArcher ( / mathemedicupdates , while the script was researched and written by Matt Hollis. This video was narrated by Officially Devin ( / @offydgg & ua-cam.com/channels/79s.html.... Art by Nargiz Isayeva. The artwork was inspired by Joan Francesc Oliveras - / jfoliveras Machinima: Total War: Rome II engine Divide et Impera mod Alexander submod.
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#Documentary #Alexander #Granicus
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1st episode in the series - Balkan Campaign: ua-cam.com/video/SndWlYj9zQM/v-deo.html The video is available in English and Spanish. You can select your preferred audio track by pressing the gear button on PC and 3 dots if you are on mobile.
Kings and Generals please don't forget to post more videos about
-Aristotle teaching Alexander the Great
-Tengrism
-Ottoman Empire hierarchy(scholars) and astronomy
Is this a series?
love your videos
Wonderful video, even I am Achaemenid Empire lover i am waiting for next Alexander video.
Thank you for your share of wisdom I have learned lot of History from you.
@@l.k.7740 Hellenic is not Greek????? Oh yeah Germany is not Deutschland. are you uneducated?????
What a swell guy that Cleitus the Black is! Surely, nothing bad will happen to someone so brave
Sure he will have a friendly drinking party with Alexander
@@omarbradley6807 sure he was executed by alexander
Historical facts = Strabo (63 BC) tells us that Illyrians, Thracians, Bottians and Thesprotes shared the Macedonian territory (Tribes of Pelasgian origin 🇦🇱 ).
Source: (Strabo, VII, Frg .n°.11)
The Macedonians have just propagated the Hellenic culture and have adopted it little by little ...
The ancient authors called the Macedonians Barbaros/non-Greeks...
For example the great Thucydides...
Example : Thucydides 📜 (II, 80- IV, 126) who qualified of Barbaros (not Greek) the MACEDONIANS, Thesprotes, Molosses, Châones Atintanes, Paravaiens, Orestiens etc!
Moreover it is not the only one, far from there ....
Historical facts = Olympias, the mother of Alexander the Great.
But who was this woman who is said to have astonished the Macedonian king with her beauty ?
I will write based only on facts, that is, on the quotes of famous ancient authors, mainly Greek.
( For me there is one thing in history, which with the facts are not said ... )
According to Plutarch, Alexander was a descendant of Ajax through his father Neoptolemos and this is accepted without discussion.
According to Justin, Philip married Olympias, daughter of Neoptolemos, king of the Molosses.
All the authors thus agree on the fact that Alexander the Great was the grandson of a Molossian.
For those who do not know this tribe (the Molossians), who were they, what territory did they occupy and how were they considered by the ancient authors ?
Let us stop for a moment to know more about the tribe of the Molossians from which the mother of Alexander the Great came.
To make it simple, the tribe of Molossians is in Epirus somewhere in the region of Chamerie on the back of Thesprotians who dominated the coastal part.
In addition to this, the Kaons who were in the south of present-day Albania and who constituted three of the great tribes of Epirus.
Historically, tribes like the Molossians or others who composed Epirus like the Kaons, the Thesprotians, the Paraue, the Antintans and others, are historically linked to the Illyrian (🇦🇱) culture or to a part of it.
As Thucydides tells us about the events of the Peloponnesian War that involved both actually in reality Illyrians and Illyria itself, these tribes were commonly considered barbarian (non-Greek) tribes.
Thucydides: - "Among the barbarians there were about 1,000 Kaons who ruled without a king. Along with the Kaons, the Thesprotians also participated and were also ruled without a king. There were also the MOLOSSIANS, the Atintants and the Paraues.
( HISTORY OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR )
All these tribes, mentioned by the historian of Athenian origin Thucydides for their participation in the famous Peloponnesian war in the 5th century B.C., are considered as barbarians, therefore not Greek!
( Thucydides II, 80- IV, 126 )
The Kaons, the Thesprotians of Chamerie, the Arintans and the Parauets constitute the backbone of what one called Epirus.
Among them are of course the Molossians where are the roots of the family of the mother of Alexander the Great !
And Thucydides is not the only source which defines the Epirotes as non-Greeks.
There are many others!
According to the encyclopedia Basic Antiquity, composed of 86 volumes... Pauly Wissowa the Real "Encyclopedia Alterumswissenschaft" says that the Epirotes are of Illyrian origin 🇦🇱 and have strong links with the population of southern Italy!
More concise on the issue, the only Nobel Prize in history 🎓 is none other than Theodor Mommsen author of the cycle "Corpus of Antiquity inscriptions" which says that: - "the brave Epirotes, the Albanians 🇦🇱 of antiquity supported with traditional loyalty the young and brave Pyrrhus or "the Eagle" as they called him " .
Let us point out on this subject that the Albanians name themselves "Shqiptar", that is to say "sons or children of the eagle".
The soldiers of Pyrrhus (3rd century BC / Epirote King), called their King "the Eagle" and that the latter retroqued them one day that they were his "children", so the Albanians are the children of the Eagle ...
"Shqiptar = child of the Eagle .... " .
(Pyrrhus was the cousin of Alexander the Great, of the Molossian tribe and himself an ambitious conqueror, Pyrrhus is one of the most formidable adversaries of the early days of ancient Rome).
Lorenzo Braccesi (Professor of Greek History at the University of Venice, Italy, in 1986) tells us:
- "Olympias was originally from Epirus, on the part of the father who was king of Epirus, on the part of the mother also and that Illyrian blood 🇦🇱 circulated in the family, there is no doubt. "
( 9,01- 9,15 . The true story of Alexander the great ... - Gjurmë Shqiptare )
That the Epirotes are or are not Illyrians is a discussion that, from an archaeological point of view, is resolved.
The Epirotes and the Illyrians have the same culture, if we consider the Iron Age, the use of tombs, fortifications with several rows of walls, their material culture, the shape of the pots or the ornaments which are identical to those of Korça (current Albania) and religion.
Not only ancient authors like Thucydides, Strabo and others have called the Epirotic tribes barbarians (non-Greek) but also later serious publications based on documents and archaeological findings point out the same thing.
The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and the sister .
The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and sister of another well known Illyrian prince "Alexander the Molossus".
I believe that all or part of the strong character of Alexander comes exactly from his mother, from the house that also gave birth to Pyrrhus.
The powerful role of women in Illyrian society has been documented by many authors, including those who today identify themselves as Greeks, such as Athenaeus and Theompope.
Olympias' influence on her son Alexander was so great.
She believed that her son had divine blood and that he was born to rule the greatest kingdom of all time.
But the mother's family was not the only Illyrian family to which Alexander was affiliated, his link with the Illyrians was stronger than that!
Historical facts = The family of Philip II, father of Alexander the Great.
This last, according to the data, had a Macedonian father, but not his mother.
She was called Eurydice and came from the tribe of "Lyncestides".
Who was the grandmother on the side of the father of Alexander the Great?
The mother of Philip is the daughter of the daughter
Of Arrhabaeus, daughter of king Sirras, says Strabo.
Plutarch is very detailed on this subject.
He insists that although Eurydice is Illyrian (🇦🇱) and barbarian in every sense of the word, she was educated to help children.
He says very clearly that she is Illyrian, and barbaric in every way.
(Plutarch, De liberis educandis. p.69)
Lyncestides from where came the mother of Philip II, were a tribe which extended not far from the lake of Ohrid, somewhere in the area of Manastir where the ruins of one of their most important cities are today.
(Illyrian, no doubt. It is the last province that has a border with Macedonia)
As for whether it was an Illyrian tribe, this is clearly proven by ancient historians and geographers, including Titus Livy, Strabo, as well as Pliny who lists many in detail in the fourth book of the collection of 37 works entitled "Natural History", not to mention the great ancient geographer "Claudius Ptolemy" who also classifies the Lyncestrae among the Illyrian tribes .
And the later authors have the same attitude since on several occasions, they mention Eurydice, the mother of Philip II and the grandmother of Alexander, as being illyrian etc...
Here is what Demosthene says to us about Philip II of Macedonia (father of Alexander the Great):
- "And yet, as regards Philip and his conduct, they
do not feel that, although he is not Greek and that he is not related at all to the Greeks..."
Source : (The Third Philippic)
By Demosthenes (384-322 BC)
I've been looking forward for the return of Alexander's story.
Kings and Generals never fails to make our day.
agree
Same I've been ITCHING for it! Let the conquests continue!!
Everyone's favorite narcissist
I was amazed by the quality of this channel when I first found it. In may home country, japan, there is no channel that can creates this high quality videos, maybe because Japan is lacking in the system to support creator. Thus, most of the Japanese videos become pointless, vulgar, and even shameful.
@@theawesomeman9821 How are you defining narcissism in this case?
The Greek mercenaries of the Persian empire were powerful warriors and the Persian cavalry was renowned for its skill. In spite of what some would argue the Persian empire was still a force to be reckoned with. Alexanders cavalry (Thessalian and Companion) and Shield bearers/Agrianian light infantry were the real difference I feel and they complemented Alexander's borderline reckless bravery with tremendous discipline and skill.
The fall of the Persian empire is a extreme example of what happens when you have a incompetent ruler.
They were brave and had courage. Both the hellenistic kings and the persians. They fought personally which can be seen by the many kings fallen in battle or their death due injuries received in battle. You don't have that in Roman times.
@@prs_81 I would agree with you. Persia always had terrific commanders like against the mongols, early caliphates, and Rome. Yet something always led to their downfall. I think without certain powers existing when then they did Persia would stay powerful. Take Iran for a modern example. Very powerful regional player. Yet because America exists they can’t take advantage of it.
@@prs_81 Yeah, Darius was persistent and raised two massive armies but I don't think he could get to grip with Alexander's cavalry charges despite the Persians themselves having some of the best cavalry units in the world at the time (many in Greece said that Alexander would die under the Persian horses assault because they were so feared). In fairness to Darius it's also peculiar to meet an opponent that not only rejects all peace offerings but personally goes on suicidal charges in battle to murder you personally. It must have been extremely unnerving to meet an opponent like that.
@@Ironpancakemoose Darius was very competent. The issue is that it was quite difficult to lead a plurinational army as Big as the Persian.
Y'all got me hooked on Julius Caesar and Alexander the Great. DAMN good Episode, Team!!
How can u be 20hours ago while this video is just 20mins ago.
@@peacefulweeb1507 😂😂, freaking UA-cam
@@peacefulweeb1507 Patreon and UA-cam Patreon member's get to see them a day before. I've been happily contributing for almost 2 years now. Check it out when yah get the chance if you're interested in doing so.
Look up the history of Rome podcast on UA-cam. The 2 Julius Caesar are really good
@@sincitycapital Great minds think a like! I stumbled upon those gems almost a year ago and was absolutely blown away. I took particular interest in the early years of Rome. When the King's ruled. That series is where I learned about Cincinnatus and that's why Cincinnati, Ohio is named like that.
The Macedonians campaign is the single greatest adventure in history i believe. Alexander took his army to the known edge of the world! Places only talked about in legends. They marched for 13 years and covered over 20,000 miles, enough to circumnavigate the earth! The army under alexander never lost a single man fleeing the enemy. These guys must've felt invincible after crushing enemy after enemy for over a decade. Absolutely amazing.
No matter how many times I watch videos about Alexander the Great, I never get bored and seem to learn something new every time. Thanks, Kings and Generals!
I'm travelling to Greece in two weeks for the first time. Seeing another episode about Alexander the Great has made me unable to wait for another two weeks to pass by. Love Ancient Greece and especially the Age of Alexander and am looking forward to all my museum and sights visits. Great episode!
COVID 19 tho it’s killing people of all ages and they got real bad forest fires over there at the moment
One of my favourite countries. Been to Athens, Mykonos, and Kefalonia. Greece is not only covered in glory, but it's people are so hospitable!
You should definitely visit the new established Pella museum along with Vergina loyal tombs, Dion and archeological museum of Thessaloniki
@@user-yj8nn6qp4i Man I wish we could discover where Alexander's body was :( , i would be honoured to pay my respects to the great king. Like me, ( Henry V) he died too young.
@@Willzy800 Well, if you wish to pay your respects to another greek king, there's a statue dedicated to Pyrrhus in Ioannina. Also, Phillip's tomb is located in Vergina .While you're at it make sure to visit Mystras if you're into byzantium
Alexander, after his victory at Granicus, sent 300 suits of Persian armor to Athens as an offering to godess Athena on the Acropolis. He ordered an inscription to be fixed over them so as to mark the absence of the Spartans in his united Greek army:
«Αλέξανδρος ο Φιλίππου και οι Έλληνες πλην Λακεδαιμονίων από των βαρβάρων των την Ασία κατοικούντων».
"Alexander, son of Philip and all the Greeks except the Lacedaemonians, present this offering from the spoils taken from the barbarians inhabiting Asia".
Beta move.
Why have Greeks called them BARBARIANS?
The Greeks called everyone who wasn’t Greek barbarians.
Persians not barbarians.
@@felianisildur8777 "Barbarian" (βαρβαρος) meant foreigner/ non-Greek speaker in ancient Greek originally, nothing more. Although by Alexander's time it had started to take additional negative connotations, it was later during Hellenistic and Roman times that the term barbarian came to mean what it means today (uncivilized, brutish etc.).
Phillip and Alexander had maybe the greatest collection of field marshalls ever assembled into one unified banner. The only others with real arguments imo are those of the early Muslim and Mongol conquests, and the French during the Revolution and under Napoleon. But of those four, the Greeks of this time were truly only a match against one another. Would have been interesting to see, had Alexander lived long enough, a splinter group form and challenge the King of the World head on.
I’d definitely put Napoleon’s Marshall’s at the top of the list, but solely because so many of them were military geniuses in their own right and were able to independently make solid military decisions apart from Napoleon himself.
@@apollodivine That is the thing, actually very few of them managed to win against coalitions when in charge of an entire front.
But I would also add WW1 Germany to the mix : despite Wilhelm II complete inabilities and i would even say idiocy, his generals at the time (Ludendorff, Von Falkenheim, Hindenburg etc) were clearly amongst the best of the time. I can actually think of no allied comander that came near them.
@@apollodivine I think they had many of the same faults as the Diadochi: when left alone they become more petty and cutthroat, with only a handful being able to demonstrate sustained success on their own. Still I like to imagine a world where Napoleon died right before the Invasion of Russia, and the Marshalls turned on one another across Europe.
@@apollodivine Yeah Napoleon's were solid...Davout, Lannes, Soult, Suchet, Massena, Ney etc
Historical facts = Strabo (63 BC) tells us that Illyrians, Thracians, Bottians and Thesprotes shared the Macedonian territory (Tribes of Pelasgian origin 🇦🇱 ).
Source: (Strabo, VII, Frg .n°.11)
The Macedonians have just propagated the Hellenic culture and have adopted it little by little ...
The ancient authors called the Macedonians Barbaros/non-Greeks...
For example the great Thucydides...
Example : Thucydides 📜 (II, 80- IV, 126) who qualified of Barbaros (not Greek) the MACEDONIANS, Thesprotes, Molosses, Châones Atintanes, Paravaiens, Orestiens etc!
Moreover it is not the only one, far from there ....
Fun fact: While Arrian, Curtius and Diodorus agree that Cleitus (to save Alexander's life) cut off Spithridates' arm with a sword, Plutarch says he ran Spithridates through with a spear. Also they don't really agree whom Cleitus have killed: Arrain and Plutarch say it was Spithridates while Curtius and Diodorus say it was Rhosaces.
Agreed,I would take Arrian,s.What is for sure that Cleitus saved the king
thanks
@@5829560 Yeah, I prefer Arrian's account as well, he is the most reliable.
Good to see you here!
Of always been curious how, and why, they learned the names of the Persians killed.
"Remember upon the conduct of each depends the fate of all"
- Alexander the Great
alexander the tyrant
Historical facts = Strabo (63 BC) tells us that Illyrians, Thracians, Bottians and Thesprotes shared the Macedonian territory (Tribes of Pelasgian origin 🇦🇱 ).
Source: (Strabo, VII, Frg .n°.11)
The Macedonians have just propagated the Hellenic culture and have adopted it little by little ...
The ancient authors called the Macedonians Barbaros/non-Greeks...
For example the great Thucydides...
Example : Thucydides 📜 (II, 80- IV, 126) who qualified of Barbaros (not Greek) the MACEDONIANS, Thesprotes, Molosses, Châones Atintanes, Paravaiens, Orestiens etc!
Moreover it is not the only one, far from there ....
Historical facts = Olympias, the mother of Alexander the Great.
But who was this woman who is said to have astonished the Macedonian king with her beauty ?
I will write based only on facts, that is, on the quotes of famous ancient authors, mainly Greek.
( For me there is one thing in history, which with the facts are not said ... )
According to Plutarch, Alexander was a descendant of Ajax through his father Neoptolemos and this is accepted without discussion.
According to Justin, Philip married Olympias, daughter of Neoptolemos, king of the Molosses.
All the authors thus agree on the fact that Alexander the Great was the grandson of a Molossian.
For those who do not know this tribe (the Molossians), who were they, what territory did they occupy and how were they considered by the ancient authors ?
Let us stop for a moment to know more about the tribe of the Molossians from which the mother of Alexander the Great came.
To make it simple, the tribe of Molossians is in Epirus somewhere in the region of Chamerie on the back of Thesprotians who dominated the coastal part.
In addition to this, the Kaons who were in the south of present-day Albania and who constituted three of the great tribes of Epirus.
Historically, tribes like the Molossians or others who composed Epirus like the Kaons, the Thesprotians, the Paraue, the Antintans and others, are historically linked to the Illyrian (🇦🇱) culture or to a part of it.
As Thucydides tells us about the events of the Peloponnesian War that involved both actually in reality Illyrians and Illyria itself, these tribes were commonly considered barbarian (non-Greek) tribes.
Thucydides: - "Among the barbarians there were about 1,000 Kaons who ruled without a king. Along with the Kaons, the Thesprotians also participated and were also ruled without a king. There were also the MOLOSSIANS, the Atintants and the Paraues.
( HISTORY OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR )
All these tribes, mentioned by the historian of Athenian origin Thucydides for their participation in the famous Peloponnesian war in the 5th century B.C., are considered as barbarians, therefore not Greek!
( Thucydides II, 80- IV, 126 )
The Kaons, the Thesprotians of Chamerie, the Arintans and the Parauets constitute the backbone of what one called Epirus.
Among them are of course the Molossians where are the roots of the family of the mother of Alexander the Great !
And Thucydides is not the only source which defines the Epirotes as non-Greeks.
There are many others!
According to the encyclopedia Basic Antiquity, composed of 86 volumes... Pauly Wissowa the Real "Encyclopedia Alterumswissenschaft" says that the Epirotes are of Illyrian origin 🇦🇱 and have strong links with the population of southern Italy!
More concise on the issue, the only Nobel Prize in history 🎓 is none other than Theodor Mommsen author of the cycle "Corpus of Antiquity inscriptions" which says that: - "the brave Epirotes, the Albanians 🇦🇱 of antiquity supported with traditional loyalty the young and brave Pyrrhus or "the Eagle" as they called him " .
Let us point out on this subject that the Albanians name themselves "Shqiptar", that is to say "sons or children of the eagle".
The soldiers of Pyrrhus (3rd century BC / Epirote King), called their King "the Eagle" and that the latter retroqued them one day that they were his "children", so the Albanians are the children of the Eagle ...
"Shqiptar = child of the Eagle .... " .
(Pyrrhus was the cousin of Alexander the Great, of the Molossian tribe and himself an ambitious conqueror, Pyrrhus is one of the most formidable adversaries of the early days of ancient Rome).
Lorenzo Braccesi (Professor of Greek History at the University of Venice, Italy, in 1986) tells us:
- "Olympias was originally from Epirus, on the part of the father who was king of Epirus, on the part of the mother also and that Illyrian blood 🇦🇱 circulated in the family, there is no doubt. "
( 9,01- 9,15 . The true story of Alexander the great ... - Gjurmë Shqiptare )
That the Epirotes are or are not Illyrians is a discussion that, from an archaeological point of view, is resolved.
The Epirotes and the Illyrians have the same culture, if we consider the Iron Age, the use of tombs, fortifications with several rows of walls, their material culture, the shape of the pots or the ornaments which are identical to those of Korça (current Albania) and religion.
Not only ancient authors like Thucydides, Strabo and others have called the Epirotic tribes barbarians (non-Greek) but also later serious publications based on documents and archaeological findings point out the same thing.
The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and the sister .
The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and sister of another well known Illyrian prince "Alexander the Molossus".
I believe that all or part of the strong character of Alexander comes exactly from his mother, from the house that also gave birth to Pyrrhus.
The powerful role of women in Illyrian society has been documented by many authors, including those who today identify themselves as Greeks, such as Athenaeus and Theompope.
Olympias' influence on her son Alexander was so great.
She believed that her son had divine blood and that he was born to rule the greatest kingdom of all time.
But the mother's family was not the only Illyrian family to which Alexander was affiliated, his link with the Illyrians was stronger than that!
Historical facts = The family of Philip II, father of Alexander the Great.
This last, according to the data, had a Macedonian father, but not his mother.
She was called Eurydice and came from the tribe of "Lyncestides".
Who was the grandmother on the side of the father of Alexander the Great?
The mother of Philip is the daughter of the daughter
Of Arrhabaeus, daughter of king Sirras, says Strabo.
Plutarch is very detailed on this subject.
He insists that although Eurydice is Illyrian (🇦🇱) and barbarian in every sense of the word, she was educated to help children.
He says very clearly that she is Illyrian, and barbaric in every way.
(Plutarch, De liberis educandis. p.69)
Lyncestides from where came the mother of Philip II, were a tribe which extended not far from the lake of Ohrid, somewhere in the area of Manastir where the ruins of one of their most important cities are today.
(Illyrian, no doubt. It is the last province that has a border with Macedonia)
As for whether it was an Illyrian tribe, this is clearly proven by ancient historians and geographers, including Titus Livy, Strabo, as well as Pliny who lists many in detail in the fourth book of the collection of 37 works entitled "Natural History", not to mention the great ancient geographer "Claudius Ptolemy" who also classifies the Lyncestrae among the Illyrian tribes .
And the later authors have the same attitude since on several occasions, they mention Eurydice, the mother of Philip II and the grandmother of Alexander, as being illyrian etc...
Here is what Demosthene says to us about Philip II of Macedonia (father of Alexander the Great):
- "And yet, as regards Philip and his conduct, they
do not feel that, although he is not Greek and that he is not related at all to the Greeks..."
Source : (The Third Philippic)
By Demosthenes (384-322 BC)
Man I love the in-depth explanation of Alexander’s army! Makes sense to spend some time on it since they’re gonna be on a very long campaign.
Historical facts = Strabo (63 BC) tells us that Illyrians, Thracians, Bottians and Thesprotes shared the Macedonian territory (Tribes of Pelasgian origin 🇦🇱 ).
Source: (Strabo, VII, Frg .n°.11)
The Macedonians have just propagated the Hellenic culture and have adopted it little by little ...
The ancient authors called the Macedonians Barbaros/non-Greeks...
For example the great Thucydides...
Example : Thucydides 📜 (II, 80- IV, 126) who qualified of Barbaros (not Greek) the MACEDONIANS, Thesprotes, Molosses, Châones Atintanes, Paravaiens, Orestiens etc!
Moreover it is not the only one, far from there ....
Historical facts = Olympias, the mother of Alexander the Great.
But who was this woman who is said to have astonished the Macedonian king with her beauty ?
I will write based only on facts, that is, on the quotes of famous ancient authors, mainly Greek.
( For me there is one thing in history, which with the facts are not said ... )
According to Plutarch, Alexander was a descendant of Ajax through his father Neoptolemos and this is accepted without discussion.
According to Justin, Philip married Olympias, daughter of Neoptolemos, king of the Molosses.
All the authors thus agree on the fact that Alexander the Great was the grandson of a Molossian.
For those who do not know this tribe (the Molossians), who were they, what territory did they occupy and how were they considered by the ancient authors ?
Let us stop for a moment to know more about the tribe of the Molossians from which the mother of Alexander the Great came.
To make it simple, the tribe of Molossians is in Epirus somewhere in the region of Chamerie on the back of Thesprotians who dominated the coastal part.
In addition to this, the Kaons who were in the south of present-day Albania and who constituted three of the great tribes of Epirus.
Historically, tribes like the Molossians or others who composed Epirus like the Kaons, the Thesprotians, the Paraue, the Antintans and others, are historically linked to the Illyrian (🇦🇱) culture or to a part of it.
As Thucydides tells us about the events of the Peloponnesian War that involved both actually in reality Illyrians and Illyria itself, these tribes were commonly considered barbarian (non-Greek) tribes.
Thucydides: - "Among the barbarians there were about 1,000 Kaons who ruled without a king. Along with the Kaons, the Thesprotians also participated and were also ruled without a king. There were also the MOLOSSIANS, the Atintants and the Paraues.
( HISTORY OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR )
All these tribes, mentioned by the historian of Athenian origin Thucydides for their participation in the famous Peloponnesian war in the 5th century B.C., are considered as barbarians, therefore not Greek!
( Thucydides II, 80- IV, 126 )
The Kaons, the Thesprotians of Chamerie, the Arintans and the Parauets constitute the backbone of what one called Epirus.
Among them are of course the Molossians where are the roots of the family of the mother of Alexander the Great !
And Thucydides is not the only source which defines the Epirotes as non-Greeks.
There are many others!
According to the encyclopedia Basic Antiquity, composed of 86 volumes... Pauly Wissowa the Real "Encyclopedia Alterumswissenschaft" says that the Epirotes are of Illyrian origin 🇦🇱 and have strong links with the population of southern Italy!
More concise on the issue, the only Nobel Prize in history 🎓 is none other than Theodor Mommsen author of the cycle "Corpus of Antiquity inscriptions" which says that: - "the brave Epirotes, the Albanians 🇦🇱 of antiquity supported with traditional loyalty the young and brave Pyrrhus or "the Eagle" as they called him " .
Let us point out on this subject that the Albanians name themselves "Shqiptar", that is to say "sons or children of the eagle".
The soldiers of Pyrrhus (3rd century BC / Epirote King), called their King "the Eagle" and that the latter retroqued them one day that they were his "children", so the Albanians are the children of the Eagle ...
"Shqiptar = child of the Eagle .... " .
(Pyrrhus was the cousin of Alexander the Great, of the Molossian tribe and himself an ambitious conqueror, Pyrrhus is one of the most formidable adversaries of the early days of ancient Rome).
Lorenzo Braccesi (Professor of Greek History at the University of Venice, Italy, in 1986) tells us:
- "Olympias was originally from Epirus, on the part of the father who was king of Epirus, on the part of the mother also and that Illyrian blood 🇦🇱 circulated in the family, there is no doubt. "
( 9,01- 9,15 . The true story of Alexander the great ... - Gjurmë Shqiptare )
That the Epirotes are or are not Illyrians is a discussion that, from an archaeological point of view, is resolved.
The Epirotes and the Illyrians have the same culture, if we consider the Iron Age, the use of tombs, fortifications with several rows of walls, their material culture, the shape of the pots or the ornaments which are identical to those of Korça (current Albania) and religion.
Not only ancient authors like Thucydides, Strabo and others have called the Epirotic tribes barbarians (non-Greek) but also later serious publications based on documents and archaeological findings point out the same thing.
The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and the sister .
The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and sister of another well known Illyrian prince "Alexander the Molossus".
I believe that all or part of the strong character of Alexander comes exactly from his mother, from the house that also gave birth to Pyrrhus.
The powerful role of women in Illyrian society has been documented by many authors, including those who today identify themselves as Greeks, such as Athenaeus and Theompope.
Olympias' influence on her son Alexander was so great.
She believed that her son had divine blood and that he was born to rule the greatest kingdom of all time.
But the mother's family was not the only Illyrian family to which Alexander was affiliated, his link with the Illyrians was stronger than that!
Historical facts = The family of Philip II, father of Alexander the Great.
This last, according to the data, had a Macedonian father, but not his mother.
She was called Eurydice and came from the tribe of "Lyncestides".
Who was the grandmother on the side of the father of Alexander the Great?
The mother of Philip is the daughter of the daughter
Of Arrhabaeus, daughter of king Sirras, says Strabo.
Plutarch is very detailed on this subject.
He insists that although Eurydice is Illyrian (🇦🇱) and barbarian in every sense of the word, she was educated to help children.
He says very clearly that she is Illyrian, and barbaric in every way.
(Plutarch, De liberis educandis. p.69)
Lyncestides from where came the mother of Philip II, were a tribe which extended not far from the lake of Ohrid, somewhere in the area of Manastir where the ruins of one of their most important cities are today.
(Illyrian, no doubt. It is the last province that has a border with Macedonia)
As for whether it was an Illyrian tribe, this is clearly proven by ancient historians and geographers, including Titus Livy, Strabo, as well as Pliny who lists many in detail in the fourth book of the collection of 37 works entitled "Natural History", not to mention the great ancient geographer "Claudius Ptolemy" who also classifies the Lyncestrae among the Illyrian tribes .
And the later authors have the same attitude since on several occasions, they mention Eurydice, the mother of Philip II and the grandmother of Alexander, as being illyrian etc...
Here is what Demosthene says to us about Philip II of Macedonia (father of Alexander the Great):
- "And yet, as regards Philip and his conduct, they
do not feel that, although he is not Greek and that he is not related at all to the Greeks..."
Source : (The Third Philippic)
By Demosthenes (384-322 BC)
However, the majority of the Albanians and the inhabitants of present-day Greece are the same people because many Pelasgians have been culturally Hellenized.
Example:
Herodotus tells us that (I, 56, 57 - VIII, 44 - VII, 95) the Ionians were Pelasgians, who became Hellenes after adopting the Greek language.
The ethnontym "Ion" derives from the Pelasgians 🇦🇱 "I onë" ( in Albanian, I jonë ) meaning "our own", that is, by extension, "the one who is ( or was ) part of our family, our ethnicity" .
The assertion of Herodotus, according to which the Athenians and the people of Attica were of Pelasgian origin, is, earlier, confirmed by Hecateus of Miletus and, later, by Hellanicos of Mytilèbe ( Lesbos ) and other ancient authors.
The population of current Greece, is of a very subtle mixture of a majority of Pelasgians (🇦🇱) Indigenous and of a leading minority stemming from people semito-Egyptians (the Hellenes🇬🇷) invaders of the country which will carry later, the name of "Greece".
Man, that was a brutal finale. I know very little about Alexander's specific battles. Thank you guys again for this series.
Stay well out there everybody, and God bless you friends! ✝️ :)
@Kings and Generals If there is one Alexander victory i'd LOVE for you to post up on here, it's the Battle of Jaxartes. Alexander successfully crushed a 20,000 strong army of Scythian horse archers, Alexander pinned and outflanked them, all with the problem of a river in between both forces. It's battles like this that really showcase his tactical acumen.
Somehow that masterpiece is always just glossed over.
Historical facts = Strabo (63 BC) tells us that Illyrians, Thracians, Bottians and Thesprotes shared the Macedonian territory (Tribes of Pelasgian origin 🇦🇱 ).
Source: (Strabo, VII, Frg .n°.11)
The Macedonians have just propagated the Hellenic culture and have adopted it little by little ...
The ancient authors called the Macedonians Barbaros/non-Greeks...
For example the great Thucydides...
Example : Thucydides 📜 (II, 80- IV, 126) who qualified of Barbaros (not Greek) the MACEDONIANS, Thesprotes, Molosses, Châones Atintanes, Paravaiens, Orestiens etc!
Moreover it is not the only one, far from there ....
Historical facts = Olympias, the mother of Alexander the Great.
But who was this woman who is said to have astonished the Macedonian king with her beauty ?
I will write based only on facts, that is, on the quotes of famous ancient authors, mainly Greek.
( For me there is one thing in history, which with the facts are not said ... )
According to Plutarch, Alexander was a descendant of Ajax through his father Neoptolemos and this is accepted without discussion.
According to Justin, Philip married Olympias, daughter of Neoptolemos, king of the Molosses.
All the authors thus agree on the fact that Alexander the Great was the grandson of a Molossian.
For those who do not know this tribe (the Molossians), who were they, what territory did they occupy and how were they considered by the ancient authors ?
Let us stop for a moment to know more about the tribe of the Molossians from which the mother of Alexander the Great came.
To make it simple, the tribe of Molossians is in Epirus somewhere in the region of Chamerie on the back of Thesprotians who dominated the coastal part.
In addition to this, the Kaons who were in the south of present-day Albania and who constituted three of the great tribes of Epirus.
Historically, tribes like the Molossians or others who composed Epirus like the Kaons, the Thesprotians, the Paraue, the Antintans and others, are historically linked to the Illyrian (🇦🇱) culture or to a part of it.
As Thucydides tells us about the events of the Peloponnesian War that involved both actually in reality Illyrians and Illyria itself, these tribes were commonly considered barbarian (non-Greek) tribes.
Thucydides: - "Among the barbarians there were about 1,000 Kaons who ruled without a king. Along with the Kaons, the Thesprotians also participated and were also ruled without a king. There were also the MOLOSSIANS, the Atintants and the Paraues.
( HISTORY OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR )
All these tribes, mentioned by the historian of Athenian origin Thucydides for their participation in the famous Peloponnesian war in the 5th century B.C., are considered as barbarians, therefore not Greek!
( Thucydides II, 80- IV, 126 )
The Kaons, the Thesprotians of Chamerie, the Arintans and the Parauets constitute the backbone of what one called Epirus.
Among them are of course the Molossians where are the roots of the family of the mother of Alexander the Great !
And Thucydides is not the only source which defines the Epirotes as non-Greeks.
There are many others!
According to the encyclopedia Basic Antiquity, composed of 86 volumes... Pauly Wissowa the Real "Encyclopedia Alterumswissenschaft" says that the Epirotes are of Illyrian origin 🇦🇱 and have strong links with the population of southern Italy!
More concise on the issue, the only Nobel Prize in history 🎓 is none other than Theodor Mommsen author of the cycle "Corpus of Antiquity inscriptions" which says that: - "the brave Epirotes, the Albanians 🇦🇱 of antiquity supported with traditional loyalty the young and brave Pyrrhus or "the Eagle" as they called him " .
Let us point out on this subject that the Albanians name themselves "Shqiptar", that is to say "sons or children of the eagle".
The soldiers of Pyrrhus (3rd century BC / Epirote King), called their King "the Eagle" and that the latter retroqued them one day that they were his "children", so the Albanians are the children of the Eagle ...
"Shqiptar = child of the Eagle .... " .
(Pyrrhus was the cousin of Alexander the Great, of the Molossian tribe and himself an ambitious conqueror, Pyrrhus is one of the most formidable adversaries of the early days of ancient Rome).
Lorenzo Braccesi (Professor of Greek History at the University of Venice, Italy, in 1986) tells us:
- "Olympias was originally from Epirus, on the part of the father who was king of Epirus, on the part of the mother also and that Illyrian blood 🇦🇱 circulated in the family, there is no doubt. "
( 9,01- 9,15 . The true story of Alexander the great ... - Gjurmë Shqiptare )
That the Epirotes are or are not Illyrians is a discussion that, from an archaeological point of view, is resolved.
The Epirotes and the Illyrians have the same culture, if we consider the Iron Age, the use of tombs, fortifications with several rows of walls, their material culture, the shape of the pots or the ornaments which are identical to those of Korça (current Albania) and religion.
Not only ancient authors like Thucydides, Strabo and others have called the Epirotic tribes barbarians (non-Greek) but also later serious publications based on documents and archaeological findings point out the same thing.
The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and the sister .
The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and sister of another well known Illyrian prince "Alexander the Molossus".
I believe that all or part of the strong character of Alexander comes exactly from his mother, from the house that also gave birth to Pyrrhus.
The powerful role of women in Illyrian society has been documented by many authors, including those who today identify themselves as Greeks, such as Athenaeus and Theompope.
Olympias' influence on her son Alexander was so great.
She believed that her son had divine blood and that he was born to rule the greatest kingdom of all time.
But the mother's family was not the only Illyrian family to which Alexander was affiliated, his link with the Illyrians was stronger than that!
Historical facts = The family of Philip II, father of Alexander the Great.
This last, according to the data, had a Macedonian father, but not his mother.
She was called Eurydice and came from the tribe of "Lyncestides".
Who was the grandmother on the side of the father of Alexander the Great?
The mother of Philip is the daughter of the daughter
Of Arrhabaeus, daughter of king Sirras, says Strabo.
Plutarch is very detailed on this subject.
He insists that although Eurydice is Illyrian (🇦🇱) and barbarian in every sense of the word, she was educated to help children.
He says very clearly that she is Illyrian, and barbaric in every way.
(Plutarch, De liberis educandis. p.69)
Lyncestides from where came the mother of Philip II, were a tribe which extended not far from the lake of Ohrid, somewhere in the area of Manastir where the ruins of one of their most important cities are today.
(Illyrian, no doubt. It is the last province that has a border with Macedonia)
As for whether it was an Illyrian tribe, this is clearly proven by ancient historians and geographers, including Titus Livy, Strabo, as well as Pliny who lists many in detail in the fourth book of the collection of 37 works entitled "Natural History", not to mention the great ancient geographer "Claudius Ptolemy" who also classifies the Lyncestrae among the Illyrian tribes .
And the later authors have the same attitude since on several occasions, they mention Eurydice, the mother of Philip II and the grandmother of Alexander, as being illyrian etc...
Here is what Demosthene says to us about Philip II of Macedonia (father of Alexander the Great):
- "And yet, as regards Philip and his conduct, they
do not feel that, although he is not Greek and that he is not related at all to the Greeks..."
Source : (The Third Philippic)
By Demosthenes (384-322 BC)
Im so glad that one of my favorite channels are finally doing a segment on Alexander the Great!
Ooh, more Alexander! Rome and Greece often make the best vids in antiquity despite my knowing most of the tales being told. Wish there was more info from ancient Mesopotamia so Sumer and Hittites could be delved into more too.
K&G are still in my triumvirate of top three youtube channels and still going strong.
Who are the other 2?
@@fatalshore5068 Historia Civilis and Invicta.
Honourable mentions to Baz Battles, History March, Hoc Est Bellum, Voices Of The Past. There are a few others but I forget off the top of my head.
Historia Civilis and Invicta are the other two of my top three for the specific details they elaborate on and the information they choose to present. Combined with K&G they give very rounded coverage to time periods they all cover.
But there from the Bronze Age
@@nataliekennedy4646 Doesnt make them any less intersting. They are up there with Rome and Greece is what im proposing.
This reminds me that K&G have never finished their series on the rise of Hamurabi and Babylon.
I love Alexander the great king of greeks🇬🇷and king of kings.
Historical facts = Strabo (63 BC) tells us that Illyrians, Thracians, Bottians and Thesprotes shared the Macedonian territory (Tribes of Pelasgian origin 🇦🇱 ).
Source: (Strabo, VII, Frg .n°.11)
The Macedonians have just propagated the Hellenic culture and have adopted it little by little ...
The ancient authors called the Macedonians Barbaros/non-Greeks...
For example the great Thucydides...
Example : Thucydides 📜 (II, 80- IV, 126) who qualified of Barbaros (not Greek) the MACEDONIANS, Thesprotes, Molosses, Châones Atintanes, Paravaiens, Orestiens etc!
Moreover it is not the only one, far from there ....
Historical facts = Olympias, the mother of Alexander the Great.
But who was this woman who is said to have astonished the Macedonian king with her beauty ?
I will write based only on facts, that is, on the quotes of famous ancient authors, mainly Greek.
( For me there is one thing in history, which with the facts are not said ... )
According to Plutarch, Alexander was a descendant of Ajax through his father Neoptolemos and this is accepted without discussion.
According to Justin, Philip married Olympias, daughter of Neoptolemos, king of the Molosses.
All the authors thus agree on the fact that Alexander the Great was the grandson of a Molossian.
For those who do not know this tribe (the Molossians), who were they, what territory did they occupy and how were they considered by the ancient authors ?
Let us stop for a moment to know more about the tribe of the Molossians from which the mother of Alexander the Great came.
To make it simple, the tribe of Molossians is in Epirus somewhere in the region of Chamerie on the back of Thesprotians who dominated the coastal part.
In addition to this, the Kaons who were in the south of present-day Albania and who constituted three of the great tribes of Epirus.
Historically, tribes like the Molossians or others who composed Epirus like the Kaons, the Thesprotians, the Paraue, the Antintans and others, are historically linked to the Illyrian (🇦🇱) culture or to a part of it.
As Thucydides tells us about the events of the Peloponnesian War that involved both actually in reality Illyrians and Illyria itself, these tribes were commonly considered barbarian (non-Greek) tribes.
Thucydides: - "Among the barbarians there were about 1,000 Kaons who ruled without a king. Along with the Kaons, the Thesprotians also participated and were also ruled without a king. There were also the MOLOSSIANS, the Atintants and the Paraues.
( HISTORY OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR )
All these tribes, mentioned by the historian of Athenian origin Thucydides for their participation in the famous Peloponnesian war in the 5th century B.C., are considered as barbarians, therefore not Greek!
( Thucydides II, 80- IV, 126 )
The Kaons, the Thesprotians of Chamerie, the Arintans and the Parauets constitute the backbone of what one called Epirus.
Among them are of course the Molossians where are the roots of the family of the mother of Alexander the Great !
And Thucydides is not the only source which defines the Epirotes as non-Greeks.
There are many others!
According to the encyclopedia Basic Antiquity, composed of 86 volumes... Pauly Wissowa the Real "Encyclopedia Alterumswissenschaft" says that the Epirotes are of Illyrian origin 🇦🇱 and have strong links with the population of southern Italy!
More concise on the issue, the only Nobel Prize in history 🎓 is none other than Theodor Mommsen author of the cycle "Corpus of Antiquity inscriptions" which says that: - "the brave Epirotes, the Albanians 🇦🇱 of antiquity supported with traditional loyalty the young and brave Pyrrhus or "the Eagle" as they called him " .
Let us point out on this subject that the Albanians name themselves "Shqiptar", that is to say "sons or children of the eagle".
The soldiers of Pyrrhus (3rd century BC / Epirote King), called their King "the Eagle" and that the latter retroqued them one day that they were his "children", so the Albanians are the children of the Eagle ...
"Shqiptar = child of the Eagle .... " .
(Pyrrhus was the cousin of Alexander the Great, of the Molossian tribe and himself an ambitious conqueror, Pyrrhus is one of the most formidable adversaries of the early days of ancient Rome).
Lorenzo Braccesi (Professor of Greek History at the University of Venice, Italy, in 1986) tells us:
- "Olympias was originally from Epirus, on the part of the father who was king of Epirus, on the part of the mother also and that Illyrian blood 🇦🇱 circulated in the family, there is no doubt. "
( 9,01- 9,15 . The true story of Alexander the great ... - Gjurmë Shqiptare )
That the Epirotes are or are not Illyrians is a discussion that, from an archaeological point of view, is resolved.
The Epirotes and the Illyrians have the same culture, if we consider the Iron Age, the use of tombs, fortifications with several rows of walls, their material culture, the shape of the pots or the ornaments which are identical to those of Korça (current Albania) and religion.
Not only ancient authors like Thucydides, Strabo and others have called the Epirotic tribes barbarians (non-Greek) but also later serious publications based on documents and archaeological findings point out the same thing.
The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and the sister .
The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and sister of another well known Illyrian prince "Alexander the Molossus".
I believe that all or part of the strong character of Alexander comes exactly from his mother, from the house that also gave birth to Pyrrhus.
The powerful role of women in Illyrian society has been documented by many authors, including those who today identify themselves as Greeks, such as Athenaeus and Theompope.
Olympias' influence on her son Alexander was so great.
She believed that her son had divine blood and that he was born to rule the greatest kingdom of all time.
But the mother's family was not the only Illyrian family to which Alexander was affiliated, his link with the Illyrians was stronger than that!
Historical facts = The family of Philip II, father of Alexander the Great.
This last, according to the data, had a Macedonian father, but not his mother.
She was called Eurydice and came from the tribe of "Lyncestides".
Who was the grandmother on the side of the father of Alexander the Great?
The mother of Philip is the daughter of the daughter
Of Arrhabaeus, daughter of king Sirras, says Strabo.
Plutarch is very detailed on this subject.
He insists that although Eurydice is Illyrian (🇦🇱) and barbarian in every sense of the word, she was educated to help children.
He says very clearly that she is Illyrian, and barbaric in every way.
(Plutarch, De liberis educandis. p.69)
Lyncestides from where came the mother of Philip II, were a tribe which extended not far from the lake of Ohrid, somewhere in the area of Manastir where the ruins of one of their most important cities are today.
(Illyrian, no doubt. It is the last province that has a border with Macedonia)
As for whether it was an Illyrian tribe, this is clearly proven by ancient historians and geographers, including Titus Livy, Strabo, as well as Pliny who lists many in detail in the fourth book of the collection of 37 works entitled "Natural History", not to mention the great ancient geographer "Claudius Ptolemy" who also classifies the Lyncestrae among the Illyrian tribes .
And the later authors have the same attitude since on several occasions, they mention Eurydice, the mother of Philip II and the grandmother of Alexander, as being illyrian etc...
Here is what Demosthene says to us about Philip II of Macedonia (father of Alexander the Great):
- "And yet, as regards Philip and his conduct, they
do not feel that, although he is not Greek and that he is not related at all to the Greeks..."
Source : (The Third Philippic)
By Demosthenes (384-322 BC)
Wadham Peacock :
- The men who marched to Babylon, Persia and India were the ancestors of the Albanians ... "
Source : (Book: The Wild Albanian 1913 .)
John Shea :
"... Greek culture and history had a Pelasgian, and therefore an "Albanian" origin ... Let it be known - announced Kristo Daco - that Philip and his son Alexander the Great as well as all the Macedonians were not Greeks, but the forefathers of the Albanians "
Source : (Macedonia and Greece: The Struggle to Define a New Balkan Nation)
Cleanthes Nicolaïdes :
"All the Hero's of Troy were Albanians and also Alexander the Great ,Aristotle and many more great people of ancient world who were called Greeks in the wrong way... "
Source : (Publisher: Berlin, J. Räde, 1899.
Etc...
However, the majority of the Albanians and the inhabitants of present-day Greece are the same people because many Pelasgians have been culturally Hellenized.
Example:
Herodotus tells us that (I, 56, 57 - VIII, 44 - VII, 95) the Ionians were Pelasgians, who became Hellenes after adopting the Greek language.
The ethnontym "Ion" derives from the Pelasgians 🇦🇱 "I onë" ( in Albanian, I jonë ) meaning "our own", that is, by extension, "the one who is ( or was ) part of our family, our ethnicity" .
The assertion of Herodotus, according to which the Athenians and the people of Attica were of Pelasgian origin, is, earlier, confirmed by Hecateus of Miletus and, later, by Hellanicos of Mytilèbe ( Lesbos ) and other ancient authors.
The population of current Greece, is of a very subtle mixture of a majority of Pelasgians (🇦🇱) Indigenous and of a leading minority stemming from people semito-Egyptians (the Hellenes🇬🇷) invaders of the country which will carry later, the name of "Greece".
I'd appreciate a video discussing the structure of the Achaemenid military, especially in relation to the empire's ethnic makeup. One item that stood out to my attention was the presence of a Bactrian contingent. I had only ever heard of Bactria as the furthest of Alexander's conquests, and didn't know it was a region before the Greeks arrived there.
Historical facts = Strabo (63 BC) tells us that Illyrians, Thracians, Bottians and Thesprotes shared the Macedonian territory (Tribes of Pelasgian origin 🇦🇱 ).
Source: (Strabo, VII, Frg .n°.11)
The Macedonians have just propagated the Hellenic culture and have adopted it little by little ...
The ancient authors called the Macedonians Barbaros/non-Greeks...
For example the great Thucydides...
Example : Thucydides 📜 (II, 80- IV, 126) who qualified of Barbaros (not Greek) the MACEDONIANS, Thesprotes, Molosses, Châones Atintanes, Paravaiens, Orestiens etc!
Moreover it is not the only one, far from there ....
Historical facts = Olympias, the mother of Alexander the Great.
But who was this woman who is said to have astonished the Macedonian king with her beauty ?
I will write based only on facts, that is, on the quotes of famous ancient authors, mainly Greek.
( For me there is one thing in history, which with the facts are not said ... )
According to Plutarch, Alexander was a descendant of Ajax through his father Neoptolemos and this is accepted without discussion.
According to Justin, Philip married Olympias, daughter of Neoptolemos, king of the Molosses.
All the authors thus agree on the fact that Alexander the Great was the grandson of a Molossian.
For those who do not know this tribe (the Molossians), who were they, what territory did they occupy and how were they considered by the ancient authors ?
Let us stop for a moment to know more about the tribe of the Molossians from which the mother of Alexander the Great came.
To make it simple, the tribe of Molossians is in Epirus somewhere in the region of Chamerie on the back of Thesprotians who dominated the coastal part.
In addition to this, the Kaons who were in the south of present-day Albania and who constituted three of the great tribes of Epirus.
Historically, tribes like the Molossians or others who composed Epirus like the Kaons, the Thesprotians, the Paraue, the Antintans and others, are historically linked to the Illyrian (🇦🇱) culture or to a part of it.
As Thucydides tells us about the events of the Peloponnesian War that involved both actually in reality Illyrians and Illyria itself, these tribes were commonly considered barbarian (non-Greek) tribes.
Thucydides: - "Among the barbarians there were about 1,000 Kaons who ruled without a king. Along with the Kaons, the Thesprotians also participated and were also ruled without a king. There were also the MOLOSSIANS, the Atintants and the Paraues.
( HISTORY OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR )
All these tribes, mentioned by the historian of Athenian origin Thucydides for their participation in the famous Peloponnesian war in the 5th century B.C., are considered as barbarians, therefore not Greek!
( Thucydides II, 80- IV, 126 )
The Kaons, the Thesprotians of Chamerie, the Arintans and the Parauets constitute the backbone of what one called Epirus.
Among them are of course the Molossians where are the roots of the family of the mother of Alexander the Great !
And Thucydides is not the only source which defines the Epirotes as non-Greeks.
There are many others!
According to the encyclopedia Basic Antiquity, composed of 86 volumes... Pauly Wissowa the Real "Encyclopedia Alterumswissenschaft" says that the Epirotes are of Illyrian origin 🇦🇱 and have strong links with the population of southern Italy!
More concise on the issue, the only Nobel Prize in history 🎓 is none other than Theodor Mommsen author of the cycle "Corpus of Antiquity inscriptions" which says that: - "the brave Epirotes, the Albanians 🇦🇱 of antiquity supported with traditional loyalty the young and brave Pyrrhus or "the Eagle" as they called him " .
Let us point out on this subject that the Albanians name themselves "Shqiptar", that is to say "sons or children of the eagle".
The soldiers of Pyrrhus (3rd century BC / Epirote King), called their King "the Eagle" and that the latter retroqued them one day that they were his "children", so the Albanians are the children of the Eagle ...
"Shqiptar = child of the Eagle .... " .
(Pyrrhus was the cousin of Alexander the Great, of the Molossian tribe and himself an ambitious conqueror, Pyrrhus is one of the most formidable adversaries of the early days of ancient Rome).
Lorenzo Braccesi (Professor of Greek History at the University of Venice, Italy, in 1986) tells us:
- "Olympias was originally from Epirus, on the part of the father who was king of Epirus, on the part of the mother also and that Illyrian blood 🇦🇱 circulated in the family, there is no doubt. "
( 9,01- 9,15 . The true story of Alexander the great ... - Gjurmë Shqiptare )
That the Epirotes are or are not Illyrians is a discussion that, from an archaeological point of view, is resolved.
The Epirotes and the Illyrians have the same culture, if we consider the Iron Age, the use of tombs, fortifications with several rows of walls, their material culture, the shape of the pots or the ornaments which are identical to those of Korça (current Albania) and religion.
Not only ancient authors like Thucydides, Strabo and others have called the Epirotic tribes barbarians (non-Greek) but also later serious publications based on documents and archaeological findings point out the same thing.
The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and the sister .
The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and sister of another well known Illyrian prince "Alexander the Molossus".
I believe that all or part of the strong character of Alexander comes exactly from his mother, from the house that also gave birth to Pyrrhus.
The powerful role of women in Illyrian society has been documented by many authors, including those who today identify themselves as Greeks, such as Athenaeus and Theompope.
Olympias' influence on her son Alexander was so great.
She believed that her son had divine blood and that he was born to rule the greatest kingdom of all time.
But the mother's family was not the only Illyrian family to which Alexander was affiliated, his link with the Illyrians was stronger than that!
Historical facts = The family of Philip II, father of Alexander the Great.
This last, according to the data, had a Macedonian father, but not his mother.
She was called Eurydice and came from the tribe of "Lyncestides".
Who was the grandmother on the side of the father of Alexander the Great?
The mother of Philip is the daughter of the daughter
Of Arrhabaeus, daughter of king Sirras, says Strabo.
Plutarch is very detailed on this subject.
He insists that although Eurydice is Illyrian (🇦🇱) and barbarian in every sense of the word, she was educated to help children.
He says very clearly that she is Illyrian, and barbaric in every way.
(Plutarch, De liberis educandis. p.69)
Lyncestides from where came the mother of Philip II, were a tribe which extended not far from the lake of Ohrid, somewhere in the area of Manastir where the ruins of one of their most important cities are today.
(Illyrian, no doubt. It is the last province that has a border with Macedonia)
As for whether it was an Illyrian tribe, this is clearly proven by ancient historians and geographers, including Titus Livy, Strabo, as well as Pliny who lists many in detail in the fourth book of the collection of 37 works entitled "Natural History", not to mention the great ancient geographer "Claudius Ptolemy" who also classifies the Lyncestrae among the Illyrian tribes .
And the later authors have the same attitude since on several occasions, they mention Eurydice, the mother of Philip II and the grandmother of Alexander, as being illyrian etc...
Here is what Demosthene says to us about Philip II of Macedonia (father of Alexander the Great):
- "And yet, as regards Philip and his conduct, they
do not feel that, although he is not Greek and that he is not related at all to the Greeks..."
Source : (The Third Philippic)
By Demosthenes (384-322 BC)
However, the majority of the Albanians and the inhabitants of present-day Greece are the same people because many Pelasgians have been culturally Hellenized.
Example:
Herodotus tells us that (I, 56, 57 - VIII, 44 - VII, 95) the Ionians were Pelasgians, who became Hellenes after adopting the Greek language.
The ethnontym "Ion" derives from the Pelasgians 🇦🇱 "I onë" ( in Albanian, I jonë ) meaning "our own", that is, by extension, "the one who is ( or was ) part of our family, our ethnicity" .
The assertion of Herodotus, according to which the Athenians and the people of Attica were of Pelasgian origin, is, earlier, confirmed by Hecateus of Miletus and, later, by Hellanicos of Mytilèbe ( Lesbos ) and other ancient authors.
The population of current Greece, is of a very subtle mixture of a majority of Pelasgians (🇦🇱) Indigenous and of a leading minority stemming from people semito-Egyptians (the Hellenes🇬🇷) invaders of the country which will carry later, the name of "Greece".
this is my favorite channel, especially the series you are doing on Alexander is precious. I am waiting for the next one, especially the war with Darius. Alexander never lost a fight, always like his hero Achilles
Historical facts = Strabo (63 BC) tells us that Illyrians, Thracians, Bottians and Thesprotes shared the Macedonian territory (Tribes of Pelasgian origin 🇦🇱 ).
Source: (Strabo, VII, Frg .n°.11)
The Macedonians have just propagated the Hellenic culture and have adopted it little by little ...
The ancient authors called the Macedonians Barbaros/non-Greeks...
For example the great Thucydides...
Example : Thucydides 📜 (II, 80- IV, 126) who qualified of Barbaros (not Greek) the MACEDONIANS, Thesprotes, Molosses, Châones Atintanes, Paravaiens, Orestiens etc!
Moreover it is not the only one, far from there ....
Historical facts = Olympias, the mother of Alexander the Great.
But who was this woman who is said to have astonished the Macedonian king with her beauty ?
I will write based only on facts, that is, on the quotes of famous ancient authors, mainly Greek.
( For me there is one thing in history, which with the facts are not said ... )
According to Plutarch, Alexander was a descendant of Ajax through his father Neoptolemos and this is accepted without discussion.
According to Justin, Philip married Olympias, daughter of Neoptolemos, king of the Molosses.
All the authors thus agree on the fact that Alexander the Great was the grandson of a Molossian.
For those who do not know this tribe (the Molossians), who were they, what territory did they occupy and how were they considered by the ancient authors ?
Let us stop for a moment to know more about the tribe of the Molossians from which the mother of Alexander the Great came.
To make it simple, the tribe of Molossians is in Epirus somewhere in the region of Chamerie on the back of Thesprotians who dominated the coastal part.
In addition to this, the Kaons who were in the south of present-day Albania and who constituted three of the great tribes of Epirus.
Historically, tribes like the Molossians or others who composed Epirus like the Kaons, the Thesprotians, the Paraue, the Antintans and others, are historically linked to the Illyrian (🇦🇱) culture or to a part of it.
As Thucydides tells us about the events of the Peloponnesian War that involved both actually in reality Illyrians and Illyria itself, these tribes were commonly considered barbarian (non-Greek) tribes.
Thucydides: - "Among the barbarians there were about 1,000 Kaons who ruled without a king. Along with the Kaons, the Thesprotians also participated and were also ruled without a king. There were also the MOLOSSIANS, the Atintants and the Paraues.
( HISTORY OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR )
All these tribes, mentioned by the historian of Athenian origin Thucydides for their participation in the famous Peloponnesian war in the 5th century B.C., are considered as barbarians, therefore not Greek!
( Thucydides II, 80- IV, 126 )
The Kaons, the Thesprotians of Chamerie, the Arintans and the Parauets constitute the backbone of what one called Epirus.
Among them are of course the Molossians where are the roots of the family of the mother of Alexander the Great !
And Thucydides is not the only source which defines the Epirotes as non-Greeks.
There are many others!
According to the encyclopedia Basic Antiquity, composed of 86 volumes... Pauly Wissowa the Real "Encyclopedia Alterumswissenschaft" says that the Epirotes are of Illyrian origin 🇦🇱 and have strong links with the population of southern Italy!
More concise on the issue, the only Nobel Prize in history 🎓 is none other than Theodor Mommsen author of the cycle "Corpus of Antiquity inscriptions" which says that: - "the brave Epirotes, the Albanians 🇦🇱 of antiquity supported with traditional loyalty the young and brave Pyrrhus or "the Eagle" as they called him " .
Let us point out on this subject that the Albanians name themselves "Shqiptar", that is to say "sons or children of the eagle".
The soldiers of Pyrrhus (3rd century BC / Epirote King), called their King "the Eagle" and that the latter retroqued them one day that they were his "children", so the Albanians are the children of the Eagle ...
"Shqiptar = child of the Eagle .... " .
(Pyrrhus was the cousin of Alexander the Great, of the Molossian tribe and himself an ambitious conqueror, Pyrrhus is one of the most formidable adversaries of the early days of ancient Rome).
Lorenzo Braccesi (Professor of Greek History at the University of Venice, Italy, in 1986) tells us:
- "Olympias was originally from Epirus, on the part of the father who was king of Epirus, on the part of the mother also and that Illyrian blood 🇦🇱 circulated in the family, there is no doubt. "
( 9,01- 9,15 . The true story of Alexander the great ... - Gjurmë Shqiptare )
That the Epirotes are or are not Illyrians is a discussion that, from an archaeological point of view, is resolved.
The Epirotes and the Illyrians have the same culture, if we consider the Iron Age, the use of tombs, fortifications with several rows of walls, their material culture, the shape of the pots or the ornaments which are identical to those of Korça (current Albania) and religion.
Not only ancient authors like Thucydides, Strabo and others have called the Epirotic tribes barbarians (non-Greek) but also later serious publications based on documents and archaeological findings point out the same thing.
The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and the sister .
The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and sister of another well known Illyrian prince "Alexander the Molossus".
I believe that all or part of the strong character of Alexander comes exactly from his mother, from the house that also gave birth to Pyrrhus.
The powerful role of women in Illyrian society has been documented by many authors, including those who today identify themselves as Greeks, such as Athenaeus and Theompope.
Olympias' influence on her son Alexander was so great.
She believed that her son had divine blood and that he was born to rule the greatest kingdom of all time.
But the mother's family was not the only Illyrian family to which Alexander was affiliated, his link with the Illyrians was stronger than that!
Historical facts = The family of Philip II, father of Alexander the Great.
This last, according to the data, had a Macedonian father, but not his mother.
She was called Eurydice and came from the tribe of "Lyncestides".
Who was the grandmother on the side of the father of Alexander the Great?
The mother of Philip is the daughter of the daughter
Of Arrhabaeus, daughter of king Sirras, says Strabo.
Plutarch is very detailed on this subject.
He insists that although Eurydice is Illyrian (🇦🇱) and barbarian in every sense of the word, she was educated to help children.
He says very clearly that she is Illyrian, and barbaric in every way.
(Plutarch, De liberis educandis. p.69)
Lyncestides from where came the mother of Philip II, were a tribe which extended not far from the lake of Ohrid, somewhere in the area of Manastir where the ruins of one of their most important cities are today.
(Illyrian, no doubt. It is the last province that has a border with Macedonia)
As for whether it was an Illyrian tribe, this is clearly proven by ancient historians and geographers, including Titus Livy, Strabo, as well as Pliny who lists many in detail in the fourth book of the collection of 37 works entitled "Natural History", not to mention the great ancient geographer "Claudius Ptolemy" who also classifies the Lyncestrae among the Illyrian tribes .
And the later authors have the same attitude since on several occasions, they mention Eurydice, the mother of Philip II and the grandmother of Alexander, as being illyrian etc...
Here is what Demosthene says to us about Philip II of Macedonia (father of Alexander the Great):
- "And yet, as regards Philip and his conduct, they
do not feel that, although he is not Greek and that he is not related at all to the Greeks..."
Source : (The Third Philippic)
By Demosthenes (384-322 BC)
However, the majority of the Albanians and the inhabitants of present-day Greece are the same people because many Pelasgians have been culturally Hellenized.
Example:
Herodotus tells us that (I, 56, 57 - VIII, 44 - VII, 95) the Ionians were Pelasgians, who became Hellenes after adopting the Greek language.
The ethnontym "Ion" derives from the Pelasgians 🇦🇱 "I onë" ( in Albanian, I jonë ) meaning "our own", that is, by extension, "the one who is ( or was ) part of our family, our ethnicity" .
The assertion of Herodotus, according to which the Athenians and the people of Attica were of Pelasgian origin, is, earlier, confirmed by Hecateus of Miletus and, later, by Hellanicos of Mytilèbe ( Lesbos ) and other ancient authors.
The population of current Greece, is of a very subtle mixture of a majority of Pelasgians (🇦🇱) Indigenous and of a leading minority stemming from people semito-Egyptians (the Hellenes🇬🇷) invaders of the country which will carry later, the name of "Greece".
The Greek mercenaries that fought at Persians's army and imprisoned after the battle, they have been considered as guilty of high treason, and sent back to Greece by Alexander, condamned to hard labor because as Alexander stated , "ότι παρά τα κοινή δόξαντα τοις Έλλησιν Έλληνες όντες εναντία τη Ελλάδι υπέρ των βαρβάρων εμάχοντο." (Αrrian's Alexander Anabasis Ι, 16,6), i.e. "against the common glory of all Greeks, and as being Greeks themselves, they fought against Greece, and at the side of the barbarians".
Well, and also because he was broke af and needed money
@@TheDude1980 He did that with the Greek mercenaries after the Battle of Issus, giving them the choice to join his forces, or return home. But in the Battle of Granicus, since Memnon was still alive back then, Alexander wanted to give the message that each Greek who fought under Memnon's orders and with the Persians's forces was a traitor of his country.
@@TheDude1980 there will be more of these in this story.
Most of the later Greeks who fought for Persia would later be sent to Bactria.
Persia used Bactria like the Soviet Union used Siberia. Banishing rebellious Greeks to that distant desolate location.
Later, Alexander would do the same.
@@cynfaelalek-walker7003 These Greeks were mercenaries hired and payed by the Persians, they didn't choose to fight with them because of loyalty or for any other reason, they fought because of money. As every single mercenary from the beginning of time, they served, and they were "loyal" as long as they were payed. No payment, and no service anymore. Besides the Greek mercenaries were considered outcasts of the Greek world, they were not anymore citizens, because they didn't partecipated in the "Koina" and didn't belong any more in any city-state. And it's not that the Persians kept always their promises. The most characteristic example of this, is how Tissaphernes the Persian satrap of Ionia tricked and killed the leaders of the 10.000 Greek mercenaries in Xenophon's Anabasis, after the Battle of Cunaxa. Then again the mercenaries have always been considered expandables by every nation, state, and civilization. Another example of that is Xanthippus of Sparta, who saved Cathage from the Romans in the end of the First Punic War. The Carthagenians tried to get rid off him afterwards and Xanthippus barely escaped with his life.
@@cynfaelalek-walker7003 Not exactly. True, Cyrus the Younger was killed, but Artaxerxes made a deal with them to let them go unharmed. Tissaphernes promised to lead them back to the Ionian coast in peace. They even travelled together in the beginning. Then when he found the opportunity, he killed Clearchus and the other leaders of the Greek mercenaries, and afterwards attacked the rest of them. As i said the mercenaries always have been considered expandables.
The rise of Macedon and the period after Alexander’s death are my favorite love the older episodes on the War of the Diadochi..
Love the channel!! Much respect from Philly!!
A poem by Cavafy about the inscription on the 300 Persian shields of Granicus, that Alexander sent as tribute to Athens:
“Alexander, son of Philip, and the Greeks except the Lacedaimonians...”
We can very well imagine
how completely indifferent the Spartans would have been
to this inscription. “Except the Lacedaimonians”-
naturally. The Spartans
weren’t to be led and ordered around
like precious servants. Besides,
a pan-Hellenic expedition without
a Spartan king in command
was not to be taken very seriously.
Of course, then, “except the Lacedaimonians.”
That’s certainly one point of view. Quite understandable.
So, “except the Lacedaimonians” at Granikos,
then at Issus, then in the decisive battle
where the terrible army
the Persians mustered at Arbela was wiped out:
it set out for victory from Arbela, and was wiped out.
And from this marvelous pan-Hellenic expedition,
triumphant, brilliant in every way,
celebrated on all sides, glorified
as no other has ever been glorified,
incomparable, we emerged:
the great new Hellenic world.
We the Alexandrians, the Antiochians,
the Selefkians, and the countless
other Greeks of Egypt and Syria,
and those in Media, and Persia, and all the rest:
with our far-flung supremacy,
our flexible policy of judicious integration,
and our Common Greek Language
which we carried as far as Bactria, as far as the Indians.
Talk about Lacedaimonians after that!
Για Λακεδαιμονίους θα μιλάμε τώρα …
Quoting my beloved poet you gave me chills!
What a master Kavafis was!!
Lets enjoy another one:
THE GLORY OF PTOLEMIES
I am Lagides, King. Full in possession
(with my wealth and power) of delight.
Whether Macedonian or barbarian, none is
equal to me, or even coming close. He is laughable,
that Seleukides, with his base pleasures.
Although if you ask for more, here, quite plain: this city,
a seat of learning, crown of Greece
unequalled in knowledge, supreme in every art.
crap poetry by a crap poet
@@blaisevillaume2225 Cavafy is one of the greatest poets to have lived. Ithaca, God forsakes Anthony, Waiting for the Barbarians are world-known poems of his. You don’t know much about poetry, do you, barbarian?
Wasn't this poem after Issus?
This video is as grand, as Alexander's conquests...
Historical facts = Strabo (63 BC) tells us that Illyrians, Thracians, Bottians and Thesprotes shared the Macedonian territory (Tribes of Pelasgian origin 🇦🇱 ).
Source: (Strabo, VII, Frg .n°.11)
The Macedonians have just propagated the Hellenic culture and have adopted it little by little ...
The ancient authors called the Macedonians Barbaros/non-Greeks...
For example the great Thucydides...
Example : Thucydides 📜 (II, 80- IV, 126) who qualified of Barbaros (not Greek) the MACEDONIANS, Thesprotes, Molosses, Châones Atintanes, Paravaiens, Orestiens etc!
Moreover it is not the only one, far from there ....
Historical facts = Olympias, the mother of Alexander the Great.
But who was this woman who is said to have astonished the Macedonian king with her beauty ?
I will write based only on facts, that is, on the quotes of famous ancient authors, mainly Greek.
( For me there is one thing in history, which with the facts are not said ... )
According to Plutarch, Alexander was a descendant of Ajax through his father Neoptolemos and this is accepted without discussion.
According to Justin, Philip married Olympias, daughter of Neoptolemos, king of the Molosses.
All the authors thus agree on the fact that Alexander the Great was the grandson of a Molossian.
For those who do not know this tribe (the Molossians), who were they, what territory did they occupy and how were they considered by the ancient authors ?
Let us stop for a moment to know more about the tribe of the Molossians from which the mother of Alexander the Great came.
To make it simple, the tribe of Molossians is in Epirus somewhere in the region of Chamerie on the back of Thesprotians who dominated the coastal part.
In addition to this, the Kaons who were in the south of present-day Albania and who constituted three of the great tribes of Epirus.
Historically, tribes like the Molossians or others who composed Epirus like the Kaons, the Thesprotians, the Paraue, the Antintans and others, are historically linked to the Illyrian (🇦🇱) culture or to a part of it.
As Thucydides tells us about the events of the Peloponnesian War that involved both actually in reality Illyrians and Illyria itself, these tribes were commonly considered barbarian (non-Greek) tribes.
Thucydides: - "Among the barbarians there were about 1,000 Kaons who ruled without a king. Along with the Kaons, the Thesprotians also participated and were also ruled without a king. There were also the MOLOSSIANS, the Atintants and the Paraues.
( HISTORY OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR )
All these tribes, mentioned by the historian of Athenian origin Thucydides for their participation in the famous Peloponnesian war in the 5th century B.C., are considered as barbarians, therefore not Greek!
( Thucydides II, 80- IV, 126 )
The Kaons, the Thesprotians of Chamerie, the Arintans and the Parauets constitute the backbone of what one called Epirus.
Among them are of course the Molossians where are the roots of the family of the mother of Alexander the Great !
And Thucydides is not the only source which defines the Epirotes as non-Greeks.
There are many others!
According to the encyclopedia Basic Antiquity, composed of 86 volumes... Pauly Wissowa the Real "Encyclopedia Alterumswissenschaft" says that the Epirotes are of Illyrian origin 🇦🇱 and have strong links with the population of southern Italy!
More concise on the issue, the only Nobel Prize in history 🎓 is none other than Theodor Mommsen author of the cycle "Corpus of Antiquity inscriptions" which says that: - "the brave Epirotes, the Albanians 🇦🇱 of antiquity supported with traditional loyalty the young and brave Pyrrhus or "the Eagle" as they called him " .
Let us point out on this subject that the Albanians name themselves "Shqiptar", that is to say "sons or children of the eagle".
The soldiers of Pyrrhus (3rd century BC / Epirote King), called their King "the Eagle" and that the latter retroqued them one day that they were his "children", so the Albanians are the children of the Eagle ...
"Shqiptar = child of the Eagle .... " .
(Pyrrhus was the cousin of Alexander the Great, of the Molossian tribe and himself an ambitious conqueror, Pyrrhus is one of the most formidable adversaries of the early days of ancient Rome).
Lorenzo Braccesi (Professor of Greek History at the University of Venice, Italy, in 1986) tells us:
- "Olympias was originally from Epirus, on the part of the father who was king of Epirus, on the part of the mother also and that Illyrian blood 🇦🇱 circulated in the family, there is no doubt. "
( 9,01- 9,15 . The true story of Alexander the great ... - Gjurmë Shqiptare )
That the Epirotes are or are not Illyrians is a discussion that, from an archaeological point of view, is resolved.
The Epirotes and the Illyrians have the same culture, if we consider the Iron Age, the use of tombs, fortifications with several rows of walls, their material culture, the shape of the pots or the ornaments which are identical to those of Korça (current Albania) and religion.
Not only ancient authors like Thucydides, Strabo and others have called the Epirotic tribes barbarians (non-Greek) but also later serious publications based on documents and archaeological findings point out the same thing.
The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and the sister .
The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and sister of another well known Illyrian prince "Alexander the Molossus".
I believe that all or part of the strong character of Alexander comes exactly from his mother, from the house that also gave birth to Pyrrhus.
The powerful role of women in Illyrian society has been documented by many authors, including those who today identify themselves as Greeks, such as Athenaeus and Theompope.
Olympias' influence on her son Alexander was so great.
She believed that her son had divine blood and that he was born to rule the greatest kingdom of all time.
But the mother's family was not the only Illyrian family to which Alexander was affiliated, his link with the Illyrians was stronger than that!
Historical facts = The family of Philip II, father of Alexander the Great.
This last, according to the data, had a Macedonian father, but not his mother.
She was called Eurydice and came from the tribe of "Lyncestides".
Who was the grandmother on the side of the father of Alexander the Great?
The mother of Philip is the daughter of the daughter
Of Arrhabaeus, daughter of king Sirras, says Strabo.
Plutarch is very detailed on this subject.
He insists that although Eurydice is Illyrian (🇦🇱) and barbarian in every sense of the word, she was educated to help children.
He says very clearly that she is Illyrian, and barbaric in every way.
(Plutarch, De liberis educandis. p.69)
Lyncestides from where came the mother of Philip II, were a tribe which extended not far from the lake of Ohrid, somewhere in the area of Manastir where the ruins of one of their most important cities are today.
(Illyrian, no doubt. It is the last province that has a border with Macedonia)
As for whether it was an Illyrian tribe, this is clearly proven by ancient historians and geographers, including Titus Livy, Strabo, as well as Pliny who lists many in detail in the fourth book of the collection of 37 works entitled "Natural History", not to mention the great ancient geographer "Claudius Ptolemy" who also classifies the Lyncestrae among the Illyrian tribes .
And the later authors have the same attitude since on several occasions, they mention Eurydice, the mother of Philip II and the grandmother of Alexander, as being illyrian etc...
Here is what Demosthene says to us about Philip II of Macedonia (father of Alexander the Great):
- "And yet, as regards Philip and his conduct, they
do not feel that, although he is not Greek and that he is not related at all to the Greeks..."
Source : (The Third Philippic)
By Demosthenes (384-322 BC)
Rome 2 Total War units especially hoplites look perfect. Thanks for good quality and visuals.
Awesome I’ve been waiting for you guys to do Alexander’s conquest videos!
This is a fantastic video it really shows how brave Alexander was fighting on the frontlines to the point that he was killing enemy officers himself
This my favorite series on your channel! Please dont skip the battle of Tyre!
Today is my birthday and I guess this is my present... Thank you very much.
An amazing video, and i am really looking forward to Alexander's series. This man was the true 'Great'
"DOCUMENTARY" oh man so we will be getting battle of Issus, Gaugamela, Hydaspes, siege of Tyre, Gaza and more with the same quality as this vid ? can't wait
Egypt had no fight but needs to be covered: Pharoah, Ammon, founding of Alexandria.
Also add battle of jaxartes to your list
I'm waiting for Uxian and Mallian campaigns as well.
Battle of Jaxartes is a must. Prevailed over HORSE ARCHERS.
No... they are going to do all the others but piss on Tyre because it was stupid.
?
@@Willzy800 I was hoping that someone would mention that so I didn't have to. That's Alexander's coolest fight.
Kings and Generals making a documentary about one of the greatest king and general of all time
Congratulations! We have a episode dubbed to Spanish! Thank you! Greetings from Mexico!
Absolutely loving this series, best channel out there!
More Alexander please
Macedonians are Greeks. You are slav.
I’ve got a feeling this will be my new favorite series ! Keep up the good content !
I love ur intros and how u show the strategic view of the battles
Bendito seas Rey de reyes, pusiste audio en español !! No alcanzaran los años para agradecerte de parte de todos los hispanos del mundo por acto tan benevolente !!
Historical facts = Strabo (63 BC) tells us that Illyrians, Thracians, Bottians and Thesprotes shared the Macedonian territory (Tribes of Pelasgian origin 🇦🇱 ).
Source: (Strabo, VII, Frg .n°.11)
The Macedonians have just propagated the Hellenic culture and have adopted it little by little ...
The ancient authors called the Macedonians Barbaros/non-Greeks...
For example the great Thucydides...
Example : Thucydides 📜 (II, 80- IV, 126) who qualified of Barbaros (not Greek) the MACEDONIANS, Thesprotes, Molosses, Châones Atintanes, Paravaiens, Orestiens etc!
Moreover it is not the only one, far from there ....
Historical facts = Olympias, the mother of Alexander the Great.
But who was this woman who is said to have astonished the Macedonian king with her beauty ?
I will write based only on facts, that is, on the quotes of famous ancient authors, mainly Greek.
( For me there is one thing in history, which with the facts are not said ... )
According to Plutarch, Alexander was a descendant of Ajax through his father Neoptolemos and this is accepted without discussion.
According to Justin, Philip married Olympias, daughter of Neoptolemos, king of the Molosses.
All the authors thus agree on the fact that Alexander the Great was the grandson of a Molossian.
For those who do not know this tribe (the Molossians), who were they, what territory did they occupy and how were they considered by the ancient authors ?
Let us stop for a moment to know more about the tribe of the Molossians from which the mother of Alexander the Great came.
To make it simple, the tribe of Molossians is in Epirus somewhere in the region of Chamerie on the back of Thesprotians who dominated the coastal part.
In addition to this, the Kaons who were in the south of present-day Albania and who constituted three of the great tribes of Epirus.
Historically, tribes like the Molossians or others who composed Epirus like the Kaons, the Thesprotians, the Paraue, the Antintans and others, are historically linked to the Illyrian (🇦🇱) culture or to a part of it.
As Thucydides tells us about the events of the Peloponnesian War that involved both actually in reality Illyrians and Illyria itself, these tribes were commonly considered barbarian (non-Greek) tribes.
Thucydides: - "Among the barbarians there were about 1,000 Kaons who ruled without a king. Along with the Kaons, the Thesprotians also participated and were also ruled without a king. There were also the MOLOSSIANS, the Atintants and the Paraues.
( HISTORY OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR )
All these tribes, mentioned by the historian of Athenian origin Thucydides for their participation in the famous Peloponnesian war in the 5th century B.C., are considered as barbarians, therefore not Greek!
( Thucydides II, 80- IV, 126 )
The Kaons, the Thesprotians of Chamerie, the Arintans and the Parauets constitute the backbone of what one called Epirus.
Among them are of course the Molossians where are the roots of the family of the mother of Alexander the Great !
And Thucydides is not the only source which defines the Epirotes as non-Greeks.
There are many others!
According to the encyclopedia Basic Antiquity, composed of 86 volumes... Pauly Wissowa the Real "Encyclopedia Alterumswissenschaft" says that the Epirotes are of Illyrian origin 🇦🇱 and have strong links with the population of southern Italy!
More concise on the issue, the only Nobel Prize in history 🎓 is none other than Theodor Mommsen author of the cycle "Corpus of Antiquity inscriptions" which says that: - "the brave Epirotes, the Albanians 🇦🇱 of antiquity supported with traditional loyalty the young and brave Pyrrhus or "the Eagle" as they called him " .
Let us point out on this subject that the Albanians name themselves "Shqiptar", that is to say "sons or children of the eagle".
The soldiers of Pyrrhus (3rd century BC / Epirote King), called their King "the Eagle" and that the latter retroqued them one day that they were his "children", so the Albanians are the children of the Eagle ...
"Shqiptar = child of the Eagle .... " .
(Pyrrhus was the cousin of Alexander the Great, of the Molossian tribe and himself an ambitious conqueror, Pyrrhus is one of the most formidable adversaries of the early days of ancient Rome).
Lorenzo Braccesi (Professor of Greek History at the University of Venice, Italy, in 1986) tells us:
- "Olympias was originally from Epirus, on the part of the father who was king of Epirus, on the part of the mother also and that Illyrian blood 🇦🇱 circulated in the family, there is no doubt. "
( 9,01- 9,15 . The true story of Alexander the great ... - Gjurmë Shqiptare )
That the Epirotes are or are not Illyrians is a discussion that, from an archaeological point of view, is resolved.
The Epirotes and the Illyrians have the same culture, if we consider the Iron Age, the use of tombs, fortifications with several rows of walls, their material culture, the shape of the pots or the ornaments which are identical to those of Korça (current Albania) and religion.
Not only ancient authors like Thucydides, Strabo and others have called the Epirotic tribes barbarians (non-Greek) but also later serious publications based on documents and archaeological findings point out the same thing.
The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and the sister .
The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and sister of another well known Illyrian prince "Alexander the Molossus".
I believe that all or part of the strong character of Alexander comes exactly from his mother, from the house that also gave birth to Pyrrhus.
The powerful role of women in Illyrian society has been documented by many authors, including those who today identify themselves as Greeks, such as Athenaeus and Theompope.
Olympias' influence on her son Alexander was so great.
She believed that her son had divine blood and that he was born to rule the greatest kingdom of all time.
But the mother's family was not the only Illyrian family to which Alexander was affiliated, his link with the Illyrians was stronger than that!
Historical facts = The family of Philip II, father of Alexander the Great.
This last, according to the data, had a Macedonian father, but not his mother.
She was called Eurydice and came from the tribe of "Lyncestides".
Who was the grandmother on the side of the father of Alexander the Great?
The mother of Philip is the daughter of the daughter
Of Arrhabaeus, daughter of king Sirras, says Strabo.
Plutarch is very detailed on this subject.
He insists that although Eurydice is Illyrian (🇦🇱) and barbarian in every sense of the word, she was educated to help children.
He says very clearly that she is Illyrian, and barbaric in every way.
(Plutarch, De liberis educandis. p.69)
Lyncestides from where came the mother of Philip II, were a tribe which extended not far from the lake of Ohrid, somewhere in the area of Manastir where the ruins of one of their most important cities are today.
(Illyrian, no doubt. It is the last province that has a border with Macedonia)
As for whether it was an Illyrian tribe, this is clearly proven by ancient historians and geographers, including Titus Livy, Strabo, as well as Pliny who lists many in detail in the fourth book of the collection of 37 works entitled "Natural History", not to mention the great ancient geographer "Claudius Ptolemy" who also classifies the Lyncestrae among the Illyrian tribes .
And the later authors have the same attitude since on several occasions, they mention Eurydice, the mother of Philip II and the grandmother of Alexander, as being illyrian etc...
Here is what Demosthene says to us about Philip II of Macedonia (father of Alexander the Great):
- "And yet, as regards Philip and his conduct, they
do not feel that, although he is not Greek and that he is not related at all to the Greeks..."
Source : (The Third Philippic)
By Demosthenes (384-322 BC)
cant wait for the rest in this series! thanks for all your work and time.
The graphics, details and also additional info like the close combat details were amazing in this one. Well done!
Greek history is so epic. Perfect fit for Kings and Generals!
correction history is epic
@GREAT TURK KHANETE I don't know why the Turks love the Mongols
Why do Turks love to lick the bars of the Mongols?
" I would be ashamed if this little stream stops me after coming that far"
Above was Alexander's reply when his Generals advised him not to cross the river while persian cavalry was waiting for them at bank.
The fact Netflix didn’t hire you guys for there series is a shame. This is better than that. I’m watching it again
You have some truly incredible historical videos of ancient conflicts, with fantastic visual aids to accompany an excellent narrator.
Wonderful video, even I am Achaemenid Empire lover i am waiting for next Alexander video.
Thank you for your share of wisdom I have learned lot of History from you.
Memnon: "Guy's, this dude is dangerous. Just take away his food and supplies, and he'll have to go home and look like a jive ass fool. Problem solved."
Persians: "No way! He's just a kid, and we'll give him a good spanking!"
Memnon: "It's your funeral".
Most of them were not even average when it came to commanding independently.
The most talented commander, Parmenion, was killed by Alexander. Antipater was also talented. Hephaestion was at least competent.
But the rest were average of below average.
E.g. Ptolemy was a bodyguard and lacked command experience as he was rarely given command.
After Alexander's death, Perdicass (who was also a bodyguard) was killed by his own army for being militarily incompetent.
When the Sogdian warlord Spitamenes started his rebellion, several Macedonian officers were sent to deal with it, but were defeated.
Alexander was then forced to go back to Sogdiana himself and made the task look easy... Also making those officers look incompetent.
Alexander usually ignored the advice of his officers, did the opposite and achieved success. Each time this happened it made them look amd feel like fools...which caused resentment among the old guard.
For Alexander the old guard was more like an obstacle holding him back, so Alexander started surrounding himself with Persian "yes men" as advisors.
At a drinking party, a performing comedian used the events against Spitamenes as material for his act. Which was what triggered the event that ended in Cleitus' being killed by Alexander (both men in a fit of rage).
Eventually, Alexander depended mostly on Hephaestion.
After Alexander's death, it was the unusual characters around Alexander that showed command talent.
E.g. Eumenes was just a secretary, but he embarrassed Alexander's generals on the battlefield during the Successor wars
Seleucus was a lowly infantry officer under Alexander, but rose to defeat everyone.
This alexander conquest series is amazing so far.
Amazing video as always. I'm curious to see if the battles you've already covered get redone as part of this series. The quality of your product has grown x100 over the years. :-)
You guys sure know how to tell a story and make it interesting great job!
When Alexander still was a young Achiles... Great video!
I'm always blown away by how much detail we know of these ancient battles.
@@THomAs.H.P.76 Amazing 👍
Thank you for this great video. A unique piece of history highlighted beautifully.
"his interest in women was tepid at best" that's a very elegant way to put it
A man who seeks glory , doesn't care much about women and family till his goals are achieved . Imagined if he left his wife and children in Pella while he was in Persia !? Bad things could happen
@@dimitrisg45 family. Men seeking glory often do not, can not care about family. The interest in women (or men) is not a choice, though
@@istvansipos9940 you know that Alexander had lovers right ?! Like Memnon's wife after he killed Memnon , with a princess in Pergamon and Roxana too .. the two first were for pleasure while the last gave him a child
ΜΑΚΕΔΟΝΙΑ/MACEDONIA ΓΗ ΕΛΛΗΝΙΚΗ.
Kings and Generals thanks so much for these exceptional videoseries on Greek history.
Nope, not greek
@@dinstful Whatever you say Igor... Is that a Macedonian general's name? Oh no, I forgot all those had Greek names. I wonder why is that. Don't you?
@@StavrosDS
And what is your name Greek?
@@unseen23221 My name is Stavros. It means Cross in Greek. It is a Christian name and was not used in ancient times as a name but was used only as the word for cross.
In any case it is a Greek name and it means something, which is the norm in most Greek names. Do you know whose names had the same characteristics? The ancient Macedonians...
Not from a different language group with no connection to Macedonia during that era...
Or do you dispute that the ancient Macedonian names are Greek?
In what language do the following names actually mean something: Alexandros (protector of men), Philippos (he who loves horses), Bucephalas (ox head), Crateros (strong-powerful), Thessaloniki (Thessalian victory), Amyntas (defender), Philotas, Hyphaestion etc. etc.
How can you seriously ignore the FACT that the vast majority of ancient Macedonian names are of Greek origin and that ALL inscriptions from that era that have been found in Macedonia are in a form of Greek?
by far one of the best channels on youtube
Please continue this series about Alexander.. 3rd video please..
When you already know every name because the Diadochii series, and their future ordeals it is much more easy to quickly identify each one of Alexander's commanders.
Side Note (Fun Fact): Parmenion was indeed, and ,as the video said defeated when Alexander was securing his sucesion, by Memnon close to Magnesia, so the Macedonian outpost was wiped out, despite Parmenion then retaking the Hellespont without a fight, and then winning against Memnon with Alexander at the Granicus river.
Also: The persians had at the time of the invasion suffered from a lack of stability, corruption, and political machinations by the satraps (especially in Asia Minor, Babylon and Egypt). In fact Darius III had many skeletons on his closet also.
Our enemies are Medes and Persians, men who for centuries have lived soft and luxurious lives; we of Macedon for generations past have been trained in the hard school of danger and war. Above all, we are free men, and they are slaves.
There are Greek troops, to be sure, in Persian service but how different is their cause from ours! They will be fighting for pay and not much of it at that; we, on the contrary, shall fight for Greece, and, our hearts will be in it.
As for our foreign troops-Thracians, Paeonians, Illyrians, Agrianes-they are the best and stoutest soldiers in Europe, and they will find, as their opponents the slackest and softest of the tribes of Asia. And what, finally, of the two men in supreme command? You have Alexander, they-Darius!
Alexander the Great
So Iranian pay much better than Macedonian because they are noble people not like Macedonian who we don't whose their mothers and fathers. And also this is the difference between Achamanashian and Macedonian empire who we respect them and they preferred to fight beside us not Alexander.
And also You think after invasion of Alexander the great . We fall like dead nation no we stand and destroyed Sulcous empire.
Parthian stand
@@thinkandcreate9755 My friend I did not quote this to insult Iranian people whom I respect, just to show what was the thinking of Alexander for waging this war and how he thought of the Greek mercenaries fighting for Darius.
Understandably Alexander would make disparaging comments against his enemies before battle to boost his soldiers morale. However he as well generally showed respect to Iranian cultures after his conquests (aside from the unfortunate Persepolis incident).
The Iranian peoples have produced great civilizations and have proven to be brave warriors throughout history.
No problem. okey ✋
please more fast!!!!!! love you
We truly are lucky to get all this Alexander content, first the Malthius series now this.
My daily inspiration.
Is it true you told someone on Saint Helena
“I place Alexander in the first rank, the reason for giving my preference to the King of Macedonia, is for the planning and, above all, execution of the Asian campaigns”
thessaly was not part of the league of corinth it was part of the kingdom of macedon
Indeed
Well now! Been waiting for this!!! Thank you!!!
Excellent new video. As always. Anticipating Issus. Thank you.
Greek mercenaries: what is our purpose
Persians: just sit behind us and then wait the Macedonias to kill you
Greek mercenaries: OH MY GOD☹️
traitors got what they deserve .
Historical facts = Strabo (63 BC) tells us that Illyrians, Thracians, Bottians and Thesprotes shared the Macedonian territory (Tribes of Pelasgian origin 🇦🇱 ).
Source: (Strabo, VII, Frg .n°.11)
The Macedonians have just propagated the Hellenic culture and have adopted it little by little ...
The ancient authors called the Macedonians Barbaros/non-Greeks...
For example the great Thucydides...
Example : Thucydides 📜 (II, 80- IV, 126) who qualified of Barbaros (not Greek) the MACEDONIANS, Thesprotes, Molosses, Châones Atintanes, Paravaiens, Orestiens etc!
Moreover it is not the only one, far from there ....
Historical facts = Olympias, the mother of Alexander the Great.
But who was this woman who is said to have astonished the Macedonian king with her beauty ?
I will write based only on facts, that is, on the quotes of famous ancient authors, mainly Greek.
( For me there is one thing in history, which with the facts are not said ... )
According to Plutarch, Alexander was a descendant of Ajax through his father Neoptolemos and this is accepted without discussion.
According to Justin, Philip married Olympias, daughter of Neoptolemos, king of the Molosses.
All the authors thus agree on the fact that Alexander the Great was the grandson of a Molossian.
For those who do not know this tribe (the Molossians), who were they, what territory did they occupy and how were they considered by the ancient authors ?
Let us stop for a moment to know more about the tribe of the Molossians from which the mother of Alexander the Great came.
To make it simple, the tribe of Molossians is in Epirus somewhere in the region of Chamerie on the back of Thesprotians who dominated the coastal part.
In addition to this, the Kaons who were in the south of present-day Albania and who constituted three of the great tribes of Epirus.
Historically, tribes like the Molossians or others who composed Epirus like the Kaons, the Thesprotians, the Paraue, the Antintans and others, are historically linked to the Illyrian (🇦🇱) culture or to a part of it.
As Thucydides tells us about the events of the Peloponnesian War that involved both actually in reality Illyrians and Illyria itself, these tribes were commonly considered barbarian (non-Greek) tribes.
Thucydides: - "Among the barbarians there were about 1,000 Kaons who ruled without a king. Along with the Kaons, the Thesprotians also participated and were also ruled without a king. There were also the MOLOSSIANS, the Atintants and the Paraues.
( HISTORY OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR )
All these tribes, mentioned by the historian of Athenian origin Thucydides for their participation in the famous Peloponnesian war in the 5th century B.C., are considered as barbarians, therefore not Greek!
( Thucydides II, 80- IV, 126 )
The Kaons, the Thesprotians of Chamerie, the Arintans and the Parauets constitute the backbone of what one called Epirus.
Among them are of course the Molossians where are the roots of the family of the mother of Alexander the Great !
And Thucydides is not the only source which defines the Epirotes as non-Greeks.
There are many others!
According to the encyclopedia Basic Antiquity, composed of 86 volumes... Pauly Wissowa the Real "Encyclopedia Alterumswissenschaft" says that the Epirotes are of Illyrian origin 🇦🇱 and have strong links with the population of southern Italy!
More concise on the issue, the only Nobel Prize in history 🎓 is none other than Theodor Mommsen author of the cycle "Corpus of Antiquity inscriptions" which says that: - "the brave Epirotes, the Albanians 🇦🇱 of antiquity supported with traditional loyalty the young and brave Pyrrhus or "the Eagle" as they called him " .
Let us point out on this subject that the Albanians name themselves "Shqiptar", that is to say "sons or children of the eagle".
The soldiers of Pyrrhus (3rd century BC / Epirote King), called their King "the Eagle" and that the latter retroqued them one day that they were his "children", so the Albanians are the children of the Eagle ...
"Shqiptar = child of the Eagle .... " .
(Pyrrhus was the cousin of Alexander the Great, of the Molossian tribe and himself an ambitious conqueror, Pyrrhus is one of the most formidable adversaries of the early days of ancient Rome).
Lorenzo Braccesi (Professor of Greek History at the University of Venice, Italy, in 1986) tells us:
- "Olympias was originally from Epirus, on the part of the father who was king of Epirus, on the part of the mother also and that Illyrian blood 🇦🇱 circulated in the family, there is no doubt. "
( 9,01- 9,15 . The true story of Alexander the great ... - Gjurmë Shqiptare )
That the Epirotes are or are not Illyrians is a discussion that, from an archaeological point of view, is resolved.
The Epirotes and the Illyrians have the same culture, if we consider the Iron Age, the use of tombs, fortifications with several rows of walls, their material culture, the shape of the pots or the ornaments which are identical to those of Korça (current Albania) and religion.
Not only ancient authors like Thucydides, Strabo and others have called the Epirotic tribes barbarians (non-Greek) but also later serious publications based on documents and archaeological findings point out the same thing.
The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and the sister .
The Molosses, were one of the Illyrian tribes of Epirus from where came the mother of Alexander the Great Olympias daughter of the king and sister of another well known Illyrian prince "Alexander the Molossus".
I believe that all or part of the strong character of Alexander comes exactly from his mother, from the house that also gave birth to Pyrrhus.
The powerful role of women in Illyrian society has been documented by many authors, including those who today identify themselves as Greeks, such as Athenaeus and Theompope.
Olympias' influence on her son Alexander was so great.
She believed that her son had divine blood and that he was born to rule the greatest kingdom of all time.
But the mother's family was not the only Illyrian family to which Alexander was affiliated, his link with the Illyrians was stronger than that!
Historical facts = The family of Philip II, father of Alexander the Great.
This last, according to the data, had a Macedonian father, but not his mother.
She was called Eurydice and came from the tribe of "Lyncestides".
Who was the grandmother on the side of the father of Alexander the Great?
The mother of Philip is the daughter of the daughter
Of Arrhabaeus, daughter of king Sirras, says Strabo.
Plutarch is very detailed on this subject.
He insists that although Eurydice is Illyrian (🇦🇱) and barbarian in every sense of the word, she was educated to help children.
He says very clearly that she is Illyrian, and barbaric in every way.
(Plutarch, De liberis educandis. p.69)
Lyncestides from where came the mother of Philip II, were a tribe which extended not far from the lake of Ohrid, somewhere in the area of Manastir where the ruins of one of their most important cities are today.
(Illyrian, no doubt. It is the last province that has a border with Macedonia)
As for whether it was an Illyrian tribe, this is clearly proven by ancient historians and geographers, including Titus Livy, Strabo, as well as Pliny who lists many in detail in the fourth book of the collection of 37 works entitled "Natural History", not to mention the great ancient geographer "Claudius Ptolemy" who also classifies the Lyncestrae among the Illyrian tribes .
And the later authors have the same attitude since on several occasions, they mention Eurydice, the mother of Philip II and the grandmother of Alexander, as being illyrian etc...
Here is what Demosthene says to us about Philip II of Macedonia (father of Alexander the Great):
- "And yet, as regards Philip and his conduct, they
do not feel that, although he is not Greek and that he is not related at all to the Greeks..."
Source : (The Third Philippic)
By Demosthenes (384-322 BC)
However, the majority of the Albanians and the inhabitants of present-day Greece are the same people because many Pelasgians have been culturally Hellenized.
Example:
Herodotus tells us that (I, 56, 57 - VIII, 44 - VII, 95) the Ionians were Pelasgians, who became Hellenes after adopting the Greek language.
The ethnontym "Ion" derives from the Pelasgians 🇦🇱 "I onë" ( in Albanian, I jonë ) meaning "our own", that is, by extension, "the one who is ( or was ) part of our family, our ethnicity" .
The assertion of Herodotus, according to which the Athenians and the people of Attica were of Pelasgian origin, is, earlier, confirmed by Hecateus of Miletus and, later, by Hellanicos of Mytilèbe ( Lesbos ) and other ancient authors.
The population of current Greece, is of a very subtle mixture of a majority of Pelasgians (🇦🇱) Indigenous and of a leading minority stemming from people semito-Egyptians (the Hellenes🇬🇷) invaders of the country which will carry later, the name of "Greece".
Thank you for such a great video! I was checking the audio track in Spanish, and I noticed you're collaborating with a Penninsular Spanish narrator. It seem to me a good narration, though the quality of the audio does suffer noticiably from English to Spanish. Even though, I find quite appropiated using a European narrator for European events, while I think American narrators suit best in the other scenarios. Keep it up!
Just in time for lunch! The timing is impeccable.
i am so greatfull for this channel. THANK YOU!!!
The Greatest to ever do it!
I am not afraid of an army of lions led by a sheep; I am afraid of an army of sheep led by a lion.
Alexander the Great
حق
I'm afraid of either, an army is an army 😅
KEep it up folks.... This is the pinnacle of history and we need to learn bout about Alexander and his conquests as it has major repercussions in history.
Please please please make this series be more often than just once a month!
I was literally waiting for this
I'm astonished by the willingness of the satraps to just surrender the entire province with the treasury and everything without putting up serious resistance after granicus, and since i think this happened in every satrapy Alexander went through, even well before the outcome of the war was decided I cannot help asking why was that. I mean if persian officials put determined resistance to Alexander in every step of the way I doubt he could advance so far without his supply lines being cut at any given moment or forcing him to stop and wait for reinforcements due to mounting casualties. So does anyone know why the Persians fought back only in pitched battles and when they lost they just surrendered everything? Was it due to discontent with Achaemenid rule? Or some sort of Persian war philosophy that held them back, like mentioned in the scorched earth policy segment of the video above?
I think thats because the provinces were stripped bare from soldiers as they were sent into the army which alexander defeated in battle. They probably didnt have enough men to survive a siege against alexanders army. Sure if every city resisted it would be a huge pain in alexanders ass, but why fight to a certain death when you are offered to stay in your position unharmed, your cities safe and not razed to the ground? I dont think anyone except very few were hardcore loyal to darius, so its understandable why they easily surrendered and served another king instead.
Alexander's real talent was reading his opponents and manipulating them psychologically.
Alexander made heavy use of propaganda. E.g. He'd send spies into cities to spread news, stirr dissent, open gates, etc
The result of the Battle of Granicus had a much greater effect than Alexander anticipated. So he milked that victory for everything it was worth.
Alexander also allied himself with a very popular ex-satrap, who lived in exile in very strong fortress in the area.
Many of the cities in Asia minor were ruled by tyrants, installed by the Persians. Alexander "liberated" some these cities and allowed those to govern themselves and he made sure news of this spread.
Soon, more came to him offerening to submit if Alexander allowed their own prefered form of government to continue, e.g. Democracy, etc.
Greek cities in Asia were allowed to stop paying taxes if they joined the Corinthian League.
Soon, cities submitting to him, turned into a landslide.
With only Halicarnasus not submitting without a fight (because Memnon and another Satrap was located there).
They did so when the Turks appear, didn't they?
Όχι Γιάννη μου , δεν είναι έτσι τα πράγματα . Οι Πέρσες είχαν τη φήμη αρκετά μισητών δυναστών με αποτέλεσμα να είναι μερικές φορές απάνθρωποι για να διατηρηθούν στην εξουσία . Η Μικρά Ασία , η Λιβύη και η Αίγυπτος κατοικούνταν έτσι και αλλιώς κυρίως από ελληνικά φύλα ( Ίωνες , Αιολείς και Δωριείς ) μαζί με Αιγυπτίους , Φοίνικες , Κυπρίους και τους Κάρες - όλοι με βαθύ μίσος εναντίον των Περσών .Οι ίδιοι οι Αιγύπτιοι εξάλλου τον ανακήρυξαν αυτοβούλως Φαραώ , όπως λέει στα επόμενα βίντεο . Μοναδική εξαίρεση οι Τύριοι - που είδες τι έπαθαν - ενώ οι μοναδικός πολιορκίες ελληνικών πόλεων ήταν στη Μίλητο και στην Αλικαρνασσό και αυτό επειδή τις υπερασπιζόταν ο προδότης Μέμνονας . Για τη Βίβλο και τη Γάζα δε χρειάζεται να πω κάτι , ο ίδιος ο KG έχει κάνει τι μεθεπόμενο βίντεο στο θέμα αυτό .
Large empires are never 100% united and willing to die for their ruler a thousand miles away. Whats one king to another if he lowers your taxes and has a massive popular army at your door simply asking for surrender or your complete destruction. Think of how big the empire was a lot of that land was held with a tenuous grasp at best rolling over to the next big man in town isn’t surprising.
Thank you for a great history lesson.
Thank you for the story I appreciate your time and effort
Excellent video as always and a like from me too! You missed the opportunity though to make the epic epilogue of this battle with Alexander's gift of 300 Persian armours to the Parthenon in Athens with the inscription: "Alexander of Philip and the Greeks, from the barbarians that resident Asia."
Hope you will someday make the Byzantine sassanian war of 602-628 again
Been looking forward to this!!
Please continue this series it is awsome
It's so funny that the video is full of greek names and there are people wondering if Alexander was Slav. 😂
Im from North Macedonia and sadly i speek only slavic. I agree totaly with the greek Position. I did DNA Test and i discoverd that i have 57 % greek and south italian genes,rest are balkan Romanian who are related with latinised paleo Balkan peoples Thraco-Dacians. Gevgeli a town of my origin to the greek Border. It has in the past greek schools. I think we schoud return to our origins and learn greek becouse like the example with the english languge in USA speaking english does't make you englishman or american. That mean that my genes are more importaint that some allien slavic language.I wish you all the best. Take care.
@@tomeardjanliev6886 People from the Balkans tried to create their own history. People of North Macedonia tried to differ from Bulgarians, Albanians and Serbs so they were conviced that they are ancestors of ancient Macedonians who were a part of the Greek world after a greek royal family was established there and most tribes were hellenized according to the other Greeks of the area. The problem is that North Macedonia claimed that Alexander and the Macedonians were speaking their slavmacedonian language which is ridiculus. Fortunately the Prespes aggrement recognised that the official language of North Macedonia belongs to the South Slavic Language Family and ended ridiculus claims. I have to say that i m not a greek nationalist but i am an archaeologist. I remember a North Macedonian who were trying to say that Alexander was speaking his language because there are some greek words in the Slavmacedonian language but it was obvious that these words had origin of Byzantine Greek and it was natural that Slavs used Greek words when they came to the Balkans.
@@snowstorm1936 That fact is known,and i think it was very stupid statemant from our side to clim such a thing. The Slavic and greek languge are both indo european and thats all. After all ,this country should not exist. Its only poor backwater place where only corupt politicians live good. And thats why im not living there. I think the future of this country is not clear, it will be no EU integration,and i think we should unite in one country,but that can triger another Balkn war with Bulgaria. West is alredy albanian,and Turkey is lurking from the shdows. Not good.
@@user-jf6yv8rj2s that happened unfortunatelly with some kids during the civil war of greece but its not of course alla the kids of those times, but some kids of specific areas that this thing happened. so yes, in this point of view, it is possible but is more possible that the kids that grew up did not know it.
@@user-jf6yv8rj2s Hallo i didn't saw the reply. My Gran Gran Father was born in the area of Kilkis. I think he left Greece becouse before the Balkan war Gevgeli town in North Macedonia was populated with Greeks and Grekomans. Grekomans are acording to History or Bulgarian thesis people who fhight for the greek cause. In Region of Gevgeli there where also Andarts fighting for Greek Cause before the Balkan wars.
Great video!
agree
Some good details in here I never knew! can't wait for whats to come for this series.
I love the story's of Alexander Kings and Generals always delivers
One of the ones that definitely earns his title of great
@@TheColombiano89 You will change your mind seeing all the achievements. There are many ways to greatness, albeit my sympathy and admiration for Persia in any form is boundless.
he was a narcissistic, genocidal megalomaniac, a brilliant general, and a hopelessly noob king.
Alexander the Successfull
@@istvansipos9940 He was not genocidal at all. I only recall Thebes and Persepolis as cities destroyed and never targeted a specific ethnic group, to my knowledge.
Amazing video again and top quality,, just one thing that i mentioned on all of your videos before, please pronounce correct all names and words (greek) that are in plural, is not heter-o-i, is heteri (o+i in plural is pronounced as just i).. Thank you and much love from Greece and Cyprus
Erasmian pronunciation of ancient Greek (not necessarily the correct or wrong one) dictates that ancient (classical) Greek be pronounced this way.
Love this series, thanks.
GREAT SERIES LOOK FORWARD TO NEXT
In a month I'm going to Turkey, film ancient sites on my channel (I recommend😋). Now I feel like I'm following in Alexander's footsteps... thanks for the video, a great channel!
Lucky I still wish I could travel to Greece have to save up. Anatolia is a must in the future
@@ziounford is the best period! In Athens (outside the Acropolis) few tourists
@@ancientsitesgirl I was hoping to go to epirus Athens and Crete. Macedonia is another one I'd like to see.
🙂 K+G’s have done a military reforms of Philip + Alexander series
😁 K+G’s do an Alexander’s Balkan campaign video
😍 K+G’s do the Battle of the Granicus
🤯 K+G’s FULL ALEXANDER SERIES
I was afraid for a moment, the video came out in Spanish, obviously done by a bot with a terrible tone, mistakes and else xD
happy to know you can change this in settings!
btw, great work guys, trulluy enjoy your videos
Excellent piece!
Alexander might have conquered Persia, but Persia ultimately conquered Alexander's heart.
💯%. You nailed it. 👏
wasnt persian it was afghans he fell in love with
@@shamahmed746 there was no such thing as Afghanistan back then.
@@ARIYA2150 yes there wasn’t but there was the first first original Afghans known as pactyns known now as Pakhtun or Pashtun that Alexander came across where we was near defeat and took an arrow to leg and aswell as falling in love with them, it’s weird ik bt that’s jst history
@@shamahmed746 cool buddy, you win
the episode is soo good , but we wait to see more episodes about byzantine reconquista
Yeah !!!! The soldiers emperors !!!
Macedonian famous & great leader through his sword swiftly using & excellent capability of military leading... wrote great historic page in humanity history.....too nice historical channel which always sharing most wonderful historical videos
So good...
Thanks guys!
The saddest part is that Alexander killed Cleitus
Good old Cleitus the Black. I'm sure he'll remain one of Alexander's most loyal and trusted supporters for all of his days and would _never_ get into some drunken argument that will lead to his death or something. No, not at all, sir.
Make a series about the Parthian revolt against Seleucids after the series of Alexander
نه اینا فقط یا درباره روم ویدیو می سازن یا درباره یونان ؛ تو بقیه ویدیوها هم همیشه شکست ایران رو نشون میدن لعنت به این نژادپرستی
@@aminghasemzadeh5462 گفتم حالا که راجع به دوتا از پیروزیای اشکانیان ویدیو ساختن شاید راجع به تشکیل امپراتوریشونم بسازن
ولی آره راست میگی اینا معلومه بدجوری سوختن
ساسانیان تو اکثر جنگاشون علیه روم پیروز بودن ولی از هیچکدوم ویدیو درست نمیکنه
یا وقتی از پیروزی ساسانیان تو دومین ویدیوش راجع به جولیان حرف میزنه پیروزی رو کوچک نشون میده و شاپور رو ترسو
در حالی که شاپور و ارتش اصلیش درگیر جنگ با نیمه دوم ارتش جولیان بود و ارتش فرعی شاپور بود که رومیارو تو جنگ سامرا بدبخت کرد
حرومزاده ها چشم ندارن شکست روم و یونان رو بدست ایرانیا ببینن
تازه این بی تاریخای نکبت خودشونو میچسبونن به یونانیا و رومیا و تاریخ ایتالیایی ها و یونانیارو تاریخ خودشون میدونن
4:56 this is one of the few times I've heard it pronounced correctly. Sweet