The Quantum Origins of Gravity by Leonard Susskind
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- Опубліковано 17 бер 2019
- The 2018 Oskar Klein Memorial Lecture
was given by Leonard Susskind (Stanford University)
with the title
**The Quantum Origins of Gravity **
It is often said that general relativity and quantum mechanics are separate subjects that don’t fit together comfortably. There is a tension, even a contradiction between them-or so one often hears. I take exception to this view. I think that exactly the opposite is true. It may be too strong to say that gravity and quantum mechanics are exactly the same thing, but those of us who are paying attention, may already sense that the two are inseparable, and that neither makes sense without the other. Two things make me think so. The first is ER=EPR, the equivalence between quantum entanglement and spatial connectivity. In its strongest form ER=EPR holds not only for black holes but for any entangled systems-even empty space. One may say that the most basic property of space-its connectivity-is due to the most quantum property of quantum mechanics: entanglement.
The second has to do with the dynamics of space, in particular its tendency to expand. One sees this in cosmology, but also behind the horizons of black holes. The expansion is thought to be connected with the tendency of quantum states to become increasingly computationally complex: a “second law of quantum complexity.” If one pushes these ideas to their logical limits, quantum entanglement of any kind implies the existence of hidden Einstein-Rosen bridges which have a strong tendency to grow, even in situations which one naively would think have nothing to do with gravity. To summarize this viewpoint in a short slogan: Wherever there is quantum mechanics, there is also gravity.
The lecture took place in the Oskar Klein Auditorium, AlbaNova, Stockholm on January 29, 2019.
www.okc.albanova.se/research/memorial-lecture
We all Love You Dr. Susskind
Beautiful human. LS is a treasure to humanity. Love and respect.
Until you listen to him carefully and then he makes a number of unforced trivial mistakes in this one.
He is 80 yrs old,
talking so fluently, as like a young man,
hats off sir
...and hasn't had any sleep for 25 hours while traveling between Cali and Stockholm. Hell, I couldn't multiply 2*2 under those conditions and I'm 24.
Susskind is a badass that’s why ;)
old people are just young people who've had more experience.
he's been taking lessons from his elder, Freeman Dyson.
You have a very skewed idea of elderly people. The vast majority, even 90+, are very sharp and quick thinking.
I don’t look forward to the day Leonard departs us. He’s my favorite living physicist hands down!
I read his theoreticall minimum series. Fantastic stuff.
bmoneybby - same! And I agree!
Man he is my greatest inspiration and the best educator I know
My wife asked me if I was okay when Stephen Hawking passed away, I told her - it is Dr. Susskind who I worry about
Absolute proof that Mr. Frank DiMeglio is the greatest scientist/physicist who has ever lived:
Energy has/involves GRAVITY, AND ENERGY has/involves inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE. ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. This is proven by F=ma AND E=mc2. This NECESSARILY represents, INVOLVES, AND describes what is possible/potential AND actual (IN BALANCE). So, gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE; as gravity is ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. Therefore, invisible AND visible SPACE in FUNDAMENTAL equilibrium AND balance IS the MIDDLE DISTANCE in/of space consistent WITH/AS what is fundamentally balanced GRAVITATIONAL/ELECTROMAGNETIC force/energy; as ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. Accordingly, inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE is proportional to (or balanced with/as) GRAVITATIONAL force/energy; as this balances AND unifies ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy AND gravity; as this balances gravity AND inertia. (This explains F=ma AND E=mc2, as ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity.) ACCORDINGLY, gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE; as ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. GREAT !!! A PHOTON may be placed at the center of the Sun (as a point, of course), as the reduction of SPACE is offset by (or BALANCED with) the speed of light; AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. (The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky.) "Mass"/energy involves balanced inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE consistent WITH/AS what is BALANCED ELECTROMAGNETIC/GRAVITATIONAL force/energy, as ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. E=mc2 IS F=ma. So, time DILATION ULTIMATELY proves that electromagnetism/energy is gravity. BALANCE and completeness go hand in hand. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. INSTANTANEITY is thus FUNDAMENTAL to what is the FULL and proper understanding of physics/physical experience.
BALANCE and completeness go hand in hand. E=mc2 IS F=ma. Gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Great. Touch AND feeling BLEND, as GRAVITY AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY are linked AND balanced; as gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE; as ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY; AS E=mc2 IS F=ma. Gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND balanced IN AND OUT of SPACE AND TIME, as gravity is electromagnetism/energy. E=mc2 IS F=ma. This is entirely proven by the mathematical unification of Maxwell's equations AND Einstein's equations (given the addition of a fourth spatial dimension). Indeed, this explains why Einstein's equations predict that SPACE is either expanding or contracting. Moreover, this is why Einstein's equations allow for (or predict) "black holes". Balance and completeness go hand in hand. Einstein's equations are NECESSARILY ELECTROMAGNETIC/GRAVITATIONAL. Notice the term c4. GREAT !!! ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. This is proven by F=ma AND E=mc2. I have provided top down, true, and overwhelming mathematical proof AS WELL that gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. So, It is now abundantly and quite clear that Einstein never nearly understood gravity AND physics/physical experience. (Obviously, E=mc2 is DIRECTLY and fundamentally derived from F=ma.) Sir Isaac Newton now ranks second.
Very importantly, outer "space" involves full inertia; AND it is fully invisible AND black.
In fact, the ROTATION of the moon does MATCH it's REVOLUTION. ACCORDINGLY, gravity/acceleration involves BALANCED inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE; as gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. SO, a given planet sweeps out equal areas in equal times; AND this is THEN consistent WITH F=ma, E=mc2, AND what is perpetual motion; as ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Therefore, GRAVITATIONAL force/energy is proportional to (or balanced with/as) inertia/INERTIAL RESISTANCE; as gravity is electromagnetism/energy. So, "mass"/energy involves balanced inertia/inertial resistance consistent WITH what is BALANCED ELECTROMAGNETIC/GRAVITATIONAL force/energy; as ELECTROMAGNETISM/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. It ALL makes perfect sense. E=mc2 IS F=ma. The stars AND PLANETS are POINTS in the night sky. ("Mass"/ENERGY IS GRAVITY. ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. E=mc2 IS F=ma.) It ALL CLEARLY makes perfect sense. Objects fall at the SAME RATE (neglecting air resistance, of course), AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Gravity IS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy. BALANCE and completeness go hand in hand. E=mc2 IS F=ma. Gravity AND ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy are linked AND BALANCED opposites, AS ELECTROMAGNETISM/energy is gravity. Great.
By Frank DiMeglio
WOW! He is not only personable but he is the only person I know today, who can bring across the latest in understanding where we live in. If you can't explain it simply, you don't understand it well enough. He can explain it simple! And this is so important in times we live in.
UA-cam is providing some great educational programming.
It’s sad that there are so many crank comments. This is a wonderful lecture explaining the cutting edge of theoretical physics of quantum mechanics and general relativity, given by one of the best lecturers and pioneering physicists. It deserves better.
Agreed.
I think Susskind needs to get together with Erik Verlinde for a bit. Verlinde is attacking the QM/GR thing from cosmological scales instead of microscopic ones, deriving the equations of GR using the thermodynamic properties of the cosmological horizon...one meeting or some collaboration between these two could be all it takes for the breakthrough insight...
Welcome to the internet, Steve. You seem to have forgotten where you were. Wake up.
Michael Bishop there has been many rebuttals to EV's entropic theory of gravity as for example the rotational velocities of dwarf galaxies are inconsistent with his theory also his theory seems to break the rule of quantum coherence.... these are jut two examples where there are many more which give good reason to be worried with an entropic theory of gravity, on the other hand Susskinds work seems to be moving in the right direction i.e. ER=EPR and how ADS/CFT correspondence theory begins to help show how this is meaningful and what seems to be the case for gravity.
Yes definitely great video keep up the good work
Ignore trolls. They get their kicks from eliciting responses.
At 55:10 susskind says something really important, he says that we should in principle be able to test this worm hole idea of entanglement using quantum computers, just so long as we can get them to work. And given some reading I've done on the subject, this will likely be possible within a few years. The experiments are already in talks to be built.
Entangled particles or entangled entropy = syntropy! Spin up is dual to spin down -- Dirac equation.
There is a dual to process to that of increasing entropy namely syntropy.
Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy).
"Through imagination and reason we turn experience into foresight (prediction)" -- Spinoza describing syntropy.
Syntropy (prediction) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics.
Your mind or brain converts information or entropy into mutual information (syntropy, prediction) which is used to track targets, teleology -- Shannon information theory.
In communication theory the receiver of a message treats the message as an inference or expectation or a prediction, the message is literally predicted into existence by your mind, a syntropic process.
The word syntropy means "a tendency to converge" or integrate into a whole, holism or unification.
The word entropy means "a tendency to diverge" or differentiate into new states, reductionism or division.
Divergence is dual to convergence, differentiation is dual to integration, reductionism is dual to holism, division is dual to unification or syntropy is dual to entropy.
Randomness (entropy) is dual to order (syntropy, predictability).
Concepts are dual to percepts -- the mind duality of Immanuel Kant.
Mind is dual to matter -- Descartes.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
Apples fall to the ground because they are conserving duality.
Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy.
Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry.
Gravitation or curvature is therefore dual.
Gravitation is equivalent or dual to acceleration -- Einstein's happiest thought, the principle of equivalence (duality).
The infinite positive curvature singularity is dual to the infinite negative curvature singularity.
The infinite mass classical black hole (convergence) is dual to the white hole (big bang, divergence).
Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein.
Dark energy is dual to dark matter.
Duality creates reality.
I would say Leonard was correct
ua-cam.com/video/uOJCS1W1uzg/v-deo.html
This has been done
@@sage_unfiltered This has been done~ish. Not a physicist, but based on my understanding of the issue the experiment that was performed on Sycamore WAS super interesting and "showed what they were looking for" but after careful analysis of Yao and others also illustrated that the test needed for this will both require much larger quantum computers and be "incremental" in that to truly model ER=EPR one would need a quantum computer with infinite qbits which is obviously impossible... though I believe the current theory is that with only "a few hundreds of qbits" on each side IF the correspondence continues to hold this would already be maybe the most interesting thing to come out of the last 60-70 years or so.
(On a more technical level I think it comes down to the fact that at the level of ~4-5 Hamiltonians which is what the run experiment uses you can purposefully construct Hamiltonians that have the required properties that if you then add only a single term fail to teleport. The more qbits/Hs you have though the harder it becomes to construct these alternates, and once you get to "this is the only one there is" and keep adding terms and it keeps acting "like it shouldn't" the more promising this avenue would look/the more closely the test models putting something in a paper shredder on one side and the paper coming out the other side intact)
Such is my respect for Dr. Leonard Susskind that i have found myself clapping aloud at the culmination along with the audience while sitting in a crowded restaurant by myself eating lunch with my ear bud in...
WoW, what an amazing, mind-opening lecture... the greatest I have listened to in a long time. Thanks and many times thanks
I always enjoy lectures by Prof Susskind. His lectures in physics on any level are strongly recommended. There is something for everyone. One of the best today. One of the founder of string theory. He described him self being a physicist who do research at the vertices/edges where two fundamental different theories meets, and initially contradicts, e.g. QM and GR.
Also, it's amazing that quantum entanglement was first described by Einstein (spooky action). Einsteins importance in physics cannot be overestimated.
Fantastic mind who stays at the cutting edge of theoretical research! Such creative and bold mind deserve respect 👍. Susskind and Sir Penrose are definitely in another level.
For someone who's mind reaches out into the vastest depths of our universe he seems so down to earth more than anyone I've ever met truly the most articulate man I've ever heard
"Down to earth" because he has that folksy and grandfatherly Bronx persona, but all of this crap is nothing but mathematical conjecture based on zero empirical evidence.
Worst aspect is his steering of promising physics students away from legit research and into this garbage that is a house-of-cards built on a ridiculously faulty foundation that leads nowhere except to more and more outlandish nonsensical science fiction!
As far as I can tell, you´e wrong. Susskind has a long history of being on the winning side of controversies involving physicists of the first caliber. As far as I can tell he really does know what he is talking about.
@@michaels1139You clearly have no clue what you are talking about.
It amazes how people with no training in science have such firmly held ignorant opinions. Pls learn to distinguish physical reality from math conjectures. You guys believe everything the popular media promotes, no matter how outlandish!
@@veganbutcherhackepeter pls go back to your treehugging and refrain from discourse with which you have only ignorant opinions and regurgitation of nonsense@
Leonard is brilliant by any standard; you may need a good grounding to understand many of his points, but I just love to listen to him. Thanks so much for posting :0)
The idea of rejoining or aligning qt with rt is fair enough in itself, but not necessarily realistic in this particular manner. Note that he says "quantum origins of relativity".. Now that's a bit weird.
So, what are the *origins* of quantum processes?
Well, clearly, the universe has energy, and clearly, matter did not always exist as matter in present forms.
Some energy forms are entirely immaterial but may interact with matter (like how sound is produced while an inherent energy in the cosmos make atoms vibrate, thus sound output needs an atmosphere) .
Dark energy is another interesting subject, especially in examining why entropy (temperature distribution by default in nature, increased disorder in matter) tends to increase in more or less closed systems +maybe in the universe as a whole (see Heat death in thermodynamics laws). It may also be difficult to understand cosmic inflation without considering dark energy.
The shape, ability, nature of matter and nonbaryonic energies are a result of historical and contemporary processes "from" the BB and onwards.
Put another way : Everything quantum = a certain aspect of aetherial energy sources.
It seems like there is a manic need to hold on to the old school of "particles in empty space" orientation within both physics and pseudophysics.
But there are many experiments in science history showing that this orientation is not realistic.
KibyNykraft you never stated what is weird about saying the quoted statement you choose to pick out from the lecture...? Also by definition there is nothing non physical about anything in physics, your example of sound literally proves you wrong as sound is a function of matter itself lol. Hence forth why physicist use the name "dark" energy/matter as even when it is unknown what is going on there is plenty of empirical evidence which tells us there must be other forms of matter and energy interacting with all the normal matter which we understand i.e. If something interacts with matter it is physical by the intrinsic nature of the fact an interaction took place.
@@metatron5199 Physical and material are not the same. Basics.All is physical ,some of it material
@@metatron5199 What are the origins of anything quantum? We know btw for a fact from many experiments that particles change structure/their mode of existence from energy state to matter state more or less chaotically but also in terms of manipulation and observation
KibyNykraft ummmm no particles can change their energy state and or relation to other particles and their "interactions" i.e. Spin, angular momentum etc also for example we can see the transformation of particles via different types of particle Chanel's for instance parametric down conversion alpha and beta decay etc. Matter is composed of particles and if whatever you are talking about can interact with matter it is composed of particles i.e. It is physical by definition, learn your basic physics.
I've followed this work closely for so long now, the experimental implications are such temping grounds for exploration.
I found out Joe had died in this video for the first time and I'm deeply saddened. Being an observer of great works of physics through UA-cam and socials you develop a strange relationship with the characters...like the anticipation I felt when the chair man announced Lenny would be *handed* the Klein medal 🤣 I knew Joe only through his many well humoured and interesting videos, but the loss is real. I can't imagine the sadness within the community at large.
Good luck. They have been exploring it for 100 years.
@@jeffwads speaking as an experimental physicist, that doesn't make it any less tempting 😁
Much love and respect. Thank you, Doctor Suskin.
There's about a nine-minute episode of Norsemen, then Susskind begins speaking at about 9:35...
Thanks
proven Norse were multicultural and multiracial
Have to love Prof Susskind!
jump to (12:00) for the beef
If you hadn't said, I would have. Good job
That’s the one common theme I can’t stand about professional academics,..... they think we want to hear them talk about nothing as much as they enjoy hearing themselves do so.
@@boobacockaa Hahaaaaha You're so right. I tend to moan about the institutions in my own country but It's Academia wherever one finds them nesting.
@@boobacockaa once I heard an "introduction" that took almost 35 min
orpOpiru; Cheers mate!
Truly a brilliant maestro conducting a beautiful symphony of elegant concepts. He should be lecturing at Carnegie Hall to a sold out crowd!!!
I find it so incredibly exciting how Computer Science has now such an impact with the fundamental science of physics.
COMPUTERS DONT WORK THAT WELL TO ME IT WILL BE PROVEN SOON.
Thanks, fun talk. Keep up the good work Leonard!
His final point leads me to ask whether the accelerating expansion of space that we current ascribe to “dark energy” could actually be caused by an increase in entropy or in quantum complexity, either on the boundary or in the bulk
Don't let Lenny's blue-collar Brooklyn accent fool you. He's Nobel Prize caliber. I have 2 degrees in Applied Physics and have sat in on his Stanford technical lectures. I was quickly left behind.
@peter paul I don't think so. "but it comes out spin down, i would measure its spin on a DIFFERENT axis in order to reset the main axis back to 50% spin up probability, "
Wouldn't you have to send a signal to Lenny, with information about the different axis before he can make his measurement?
Susskind talked about this in his QM lectures. I don't remember the details but the bottom line is you can only establish correlation in the measurement of entangled pairs. In order to use it to send information, you have to send information about the measurements *at the time the measurements are made, not ahead of time* and you can't do that faster than c. Every scenario for sending information using entanglement involves conventional signalling and will violate SR - including simultaneity. For example - trying to tell Lenny *when* to make his measurements - you can't synchronize clocks then have Lenny travel to Polaris because time dilation will destroy your concept of simultaneity. So, he bottom line is Einstein won't let you turn your correlation into information in less time than it takes to send a conventional signal. I don't remember the details, but that is the result of the No Information Theorem:
"In physics, the no-communication theorem or no-signaling principle is a no-go theorem from quantum information theory which states that, during measurement of an entangled quantum state, it is not possible for one observer, by making a measurement of a subsystem of the total state, to communicate information to another ."
Look at the Theorem and see if your scenario violate it. My brain is too far gone to tackle it.
@peter paul Yes. Given that there are now quantum computers and the Chinese are doing quantum communication with satellites, if FTL EPR communication was possible it would have been done by now.
If you get a chance, watch the Susskind Stanford lecture series. It's an overview series in modern physics intended for people with science/engineering backgrounds and is somewhat mathematical, but not the full-blown crazy maths of String Theory, Standard Model, etc. It's very good.
@peter paul "In physics, the no-communication theorem or no-signaling principle is a no-go theorem from quantum information theory which states that, during measurement of an entangled quantum state, it is not possible for one observer, by making a measurement of a subsystem of the total state, to communicate information to another ."
@peter paul All is well? Then why do the greatest minds in 20th century Physics say you are wrong??
@peter paul I am too far removed from my university days to figure it out. I suggest you post to Physics Fprums. There are members there who are PhD and professional Physicists. Pretty much guarantee they will know the answer.
I know it hinges on the fact that neither Bob nor Alice can determine the information content of an Entangled message without receiving correlation information by conventional means, and that can't be determined before one of them leaves to go to the destination point. It has to happen after the first measurement is made.
This was a great lecture! I’ve watched interviews of Susskind where little disjointed bits of this come up and it’s so nice to finally find a video that puts it all together!
Some psychologist should do a study of quack theories and why the human mind is so prone to developing them. I’m not talking about Susskind - he’s a genuine genius. I’m talking about some of the amazing quackery posted as comments on this video.
I am, Susskind believe`s that black holes hold solar systems or other universes in them , Yet Black holes are not fucking holes they are solid matter. Stars that absorb their own light instead of radiate it.
Its not rocket science unless your twisting the evidence to get more grant money.
If this is modern science i want Einstein and Karl Sagan cloned to stop arseholes like Susskind trying to destroy science.
What's more interesting to me is how human minds can even in principle form inaccurate ideas about the world, when presumably they rely on brains processing information according to the same laws of physics trying to be understood. Maybe it has to do with the fact that any idea is a reflection of the intake of only a subset of the entire system that the mind is attempting to make general statements about...What does a brain structure look like anyway that hosts an accurate or inaccurate conception of the world, and is there any discernable signal between these two states such that we can we use it to optimize the accuracy of our thinking?
Some of Leonard’s animations are getting close to 3Blue1Brown quality! 😂
Beautiful simplicity
I like Leonardo's way of lecturing...He talks so common.
This is very beautiful. Thanks. The idea of worm hole is great, and new. The high entropy is related with the length of worm hole. Here, the bulk of the entropic Black hole, is volumetric elliptical, and worm hole is cylindrical . It seems to me like the transformation of volumetric ellipse into the cylinder. The worm hole is driven by high power. The worm hole is acted by the power. Therefore, the energy of worm hole is directly proportional to the power of black hole. The complexity of the polynomial time of the information flow from Black hole is consequently the minimum state of bits, but the number of bits is comparisonally high as a worm hole.
I wish they would have continued recording and gotten the Q&A session.
Was not that interesting, "What is dark energy?", "Is an electron in an atom entangled?" from what I can remember.
@@axelengstrom3802 Good to know I didn't miss much :-D Thanks ~a
Which idiot decided that the clowns in the start would be included but not Sussking answering questions...
For complexity of a quantum state, the maximum complexity 2^N reminds me of sorting algorithms' O(n^2) which is a very common notation of the most possible steps for specific sorting methods. But damn does 2^N take more steps.
Starts at 11:09
Seems right. Thank you Mr Susskind.
I hope Mike Ehrmantraut gets his own show after Better Call Saul finishes
Indeed, hope i can be so at this age.
On the preposition that the only reason left to continue using the phrase "the early universe:, is because the review of Physics led by Professor Susskind's multiple simultaneous careers has not yet been reorientated and redressed for beginning Physics Students.
Ie 2 years ago is a long time in the context of an Education rebuild.
No words describing my emotions
How to retrieve information form a black hole using Hakwing radiation. In our theory, we propose that hawking radiation carries crucial information about the black hole's mass, energy, and quantum state. This radiation interacts with nearby Planck pixels, causing changes in their quantum states and encoding the information carried by the radiation.
To understand how the equation hf = mc^2 plays a role in the recovery of information, let's break it down. Here, h represents Planck's constant, f represents frequency, m represents mass, and c represents the speed of light.
As the black hole emits hawking radiation, the frequency (f) of the radiation is intimately connected to the mass (m) lost during the black hole's evolution. This relationship is precisely described by the equation hf = mc^2. It reveals that the energy (hf) carried by the radiation is equivalent to the mass lost (mc^2) by the black hole.
By analyzing the frequencies of the hawking radiation absorbed by the Planck pixels, we can discern the mass lost by the black hole. This provides a means to retrieve information about the matter and energy that entered the black hole's event horizon.
Using the encoded information on the pixels, intertwined with the frequencies of the hawking radiation, we can decipher the characteristics and properties of the matter that crossed the event horizon. The relationship between frequency and mass, as encapsulated by hf = mc^2, serves as a key to unlock and recover this information.
In this way, the equation hf = mc^2 offers a fundamental connection between the frequencies of the hawking radiation, the mass lost by the black hole, and the encoded information on the Planck pixels. By understanding the intricate interplay between these elements, we gain insights into the recovery of information within the black hole.
It is important to note that while the equation hf = mc^2 provides a valuable framework for understanding the relationship between frequency, mass, and energy, its direct application to the recovery of information within a black hole is still an active area of research. The challenges and complexities associated with the information paradox and the nature of black hole information require further investigation and theoretical development.
In summary, our theory suggests that the equation hf = mc^2 plays a pivotal role in the recovery of information within a black hole. By analyzing the frequencies of the hawking radiation absorbed by the Planck pixels, we can infer the mass lost by the black hole and decode the encoded information. However, it is essential to recognize that the full understanding and resolution of these concepts require ongoing research, and the application of hf = mc^2 to black hole information retrieval is an active area of exploration in the realm of theoretical physics.
Jason Padgett
The Origin of Fields
Yes, that is total bullshit. ;-)
This IS the sci-fi stuff I was looking for
Entangled particles or entangled entropy = syntropy! Spin up is dual to spin down -- Dirac equation.
There is a dual to process to that of increasing entropy namely syntropy.
Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy).
"Through imagination and reason we turn experience into foresight (prediction)" -- Spinoza describing syntropy.
Syntropy (prediction) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics.
Your mind or brain converts information or entropy into mutual information (syntropy, prediction) which is used to track targets, teleology -- Shannon information theory.
In communication theory the receiver of a message treats the message as an inference or expectation or a prediction, the message is literally predicted into existence by your mind, a syntropic process.
The word syntropy means "a tendency to converge" or integrate into a whole, holism or unification.
The word entropy means "a tendency to diverge" or differentiate into new states, reductionism or division.
Divergence is dual to convergence, differentiation is dual to integration, reductionism is dual to holism, division is dual to unification or syntropy is dual to entropy.
Randomness (entropy) is dual to order (syntropy, predictability).
Concepts are dual to percepts -- the mind duality of Immanuel Kant.
Mind is dual to matter -- Descartes.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
Apples fall to the ground because they are conserving duality.
Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy.
Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry.
Gravitation or curvature is therefore dual.
Gravitation is equivalent or dual to acceleration -- Einstein's happiest thought, the principle of equivalence (duality).
The infinite positive curvature singularity is dual to the infinite negative curvature singularity.
The infinite mass classical black hole (convergence) is dual to the white hole (big bang, divergence).
Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein.
Dark energy is dual to dark matter.
Duality creates reality.
... legend ...
I think there should be a million dollar prize for gravity like millennium prize in math.
From what does the phenomenon generate?
This is magical part of quantum mechanics crazy thought of all times
Is it possible that time like one huge movement started from big bang and continue with Physical constant
I like the idea that gravity "is the hydrodynamics of entanglement". But of course that begs many further questions...
The first physicist who believed that gravity has a quantum origin was Issac Newton. He said( quote from translation from Latin to English in "On the shoulders of giants" edited with commentary by Stephen Hawking, 2002 edition: " ...the power of gravity.....This is certain that it must proceed from a cause that penetrates to the very centers of the Sun and planets....that operates .. according to the quantity of the surfaces of the particles upon which it acts( as mechanical causes use to do),...and propagates its virtues on all sides to immense distances, decreasing always in the duplicate proportion of the distances. Gravitation towards the Sun is made up out of the the gravitations towards the several particles of which the body of the Sun is composed......I have not been able to discover the cause of those properties of gravity from the phenomena , and I frame no hypothesis;..." He said this in "The mathematical principles of natural philosophy" in 1687. "particles" should be referring to atoms in present day parlance, and he believed that the power is due to "mechanical causes" inside the atoms.
Ever see Beavis & Butthead, when Beavis has what he thinks is a bright idea? You see a tiny little light bulb over his head that flickers a couple of times, then goes out.
That's me, listening to this.
Keep listening to physics talks long enough, I mean for years and years, and you will gradually begin to understand some of it.
Earlier, he was talking about how alice could send stuff through the bridge to bob (after bob used the gibberish instructions). Later he was talking about how the bridge was growing showing the non traversability of it. What did I miss?
..and then he talked about how you didn't need black holes at all to test this. it was a confusing story.
They sent information through the bridge using quantum teleportation. Quantum teleportation is different than traversal.
Great teacher
Great lecture
Alice can't send a message, but she can livestream herself to Bob through the entangled black hole and Bob can do the same; And we already do that, its called FaceTime:)
Is it possible that what instead black hole out of time or Separated in different dimension. It like if time difference dimension then matter dimension 2 separate dimension.
What is he means when he says there is Recipe to go from classic to quantum physics?
The universe could very well be a multidimensional fractal set of algorithmic equations where our consciousnesses apply the necessary feedback information into regenerative scaffold-like language matrices, thereby manifesting our apparent relative space-time reality constructs.
A question to Prof. Leonard Susskind. How likely is it that Bob and Alice would ever get involved in this experiment within the lifespan of our universe?
Not very. Carol and Ted keep getting in the way.
Could you use your pointer as a pointer and avoid flashing it all over thr place?
I would spend days talking to this guy. But after many years of studying this phenomenon he might just want to talk about coffee or the weather. Lol
that would happen if we have to two entanglement particules and we throw one in a black hole?
You would have one particle left
I found his overall point to be compelling. However, I'm a bit [a quantum bit?!?] confused by how he described it. In my limited understanding of all of this, it seems to me as if he said that no information - or 'message' - could be sent between locations; yet he then said that this could in fact be done experimentally. Perhaps I'm misunderstanding? Rikki Tikki.
If you're talking about the procedure he discusses at 47:00, that involves also sending a notebook (containing the arbitrary measurements) from Alice to Bob through normal spacetime (i.e. there's no exceeding the speed of light).
1:14 Another view of the degradation of correlations is the mutual acceleration that I mentioned previously.
Will Alice and Bob's time be the same, as they try to compare notes on area fluctuations. Precision of time measurements and which_zone measurements.
I don’t think it matters. They can still find the correlation between the signals without agreeing on the absolute times at which data points were collected.
What could be more definitive than a statement like: "..this has lead some people to say, more than some people, almost everybody." WHICH IS IT?
Sounds like a Trumpism
How much, what % , of the Cosmic Background Photons could have been, or still is entangled?
If everything was in the singularity at the big bang, then it all could be entangled.
Might have been a much better lecture, (without 13 minutes of introductions), if Prof. Susskind had gotten a good sleep beforehand and had less concern over how much time he had for his lecture.
Love his lectures. The Black Hole wars was a riveting book. Could have done without the 11-minute intro.
Can someone who understands math/physics/quantum computation answer a question about the quantum circuit shown at 52:26?
Are the two lines coming out of the top right meaningless to Bob until he has a classically transmitted Key from Alice, to interpret them? Otherwise this *could* be a picture of faster-than-light communication.
The only other thing I can think of to keep this from being FTL is if some weirdness of quantum computation, or this particular computation, forces the height of the circuit (the number of gates / the processing time) to always be proportional to the width (the separation between Alice and Bob). But that can't be right, can it?
The two lines--bottom left/top right--are simply I/O pathways. As for your question, any information that is computed and then transmitted through such circuitry would be unintelligible without a classically transmitted "key." Susskind called it "gibberish" that was collected by Alice making meaningless measurements on her side. However, once transferred to Bob, the "gibberish" would form the quantum "key" that would allow the encrypted message to be deciphered.
That is what would make such a system so incredibly secure: any message transmitted would be useless without having both the original "key" transmission and and its final output. Without one or the other, the message would NEVER be decipherable. It is analogous to a Public Key and a Private Key, except for the fact that a Quantum Key would never be subject to supercomputer cracking. It simply never could be done.
Yes, I already understood that, in general (that is, aside from what this *particular* diagram *prehaps misleadingly* suggests), the the message is uninterpretable without the classically transmitted key. (But thank you for answering.) My question was just about two details of the diagram: (1) It doesn't show the classical transmission. But that's OK; we know it's supposed to be there. (2) Nevertheless, it does show (or seems to show) the passage of time, namely, the time taken by the computation. The information does not pop out on Bob's side until after the computation has taken place. I'm not sure if that's exactly what the diagram *intends* to show. If it does, I'm not sure what the computation *is* -- for one thing, why there's a computation on Bob's side that matches the computation on Alice's side. (Does the entanglement force that to happen?) Why does Bob only get the teleported information after the computation finishes? And a few more questions like that ... but maybe I'm trying to read too much into the diagram.
@Run For Your Life!...it's a dance company! I would say that you have a fairly good grasp of the general conceptions presented except for one thing: remember that in the original information transfer through the wormhole, Alice sent a "sphere of silica" that was imprinted with various pieces of information (what the "information" is here is irrelevant). For the sake of simplicity, let us simply call it an "email."
Now, jump ahead to the quantum computer. In essence, Alice has sent the exact same information--or in our case, "email"--from her quantum computer node, via entangled particles, over to Bob's quantum computer node. It is unfortunate that the diagram shows the two systems being linked together, as that is a classical configuration.
Remember, entangled particles will--in theory--transmit the data through a quantum computer's "virtual wormhole" in this scenario, without needing to be connected in any classical sense. Aside from that (and perhaps it is the classical "key's" pathway), the quantum state allows for the instantaneous transfer of STATES.(AKA spins), until the "virtual wormhole" property is invoked. Otherwise, no information could be transmitted due toFTL limitations.
Consequently, if this quantum computer configuration is ever truly realized, then Alice's "email" will be transmitted from her node to Bob's at what would amount to FTL communication. However, bear in mind that the quantum "key" throws a monkey wrench into the works, re-invoking FTL limitations. The security would be of paramount importance here, and FTL communication would remain unrealized.
But that was the import of that part of his talk, anyway. Susskind sort of skipped over FTL information to stress the importance of both the security aspect, and of course, the creation of a quantum computing system. He did not really mean to lump the twoideas together, I believe. It just came out that way due to the structure of the concepts with which he was dealing.
Is it possible the fluctuating behave like gravity?
Thank you, Mr Susskind
I didn't understand why we can't use entangled binaries as corresponding in quantum computers. did he say the big number is the problem? I'm confused
because the harmonic stabilizer isn't calibrated for quantum digestive program prototypical in septronic catalyst in the exchange of data during hypersonic tactical functioning!
AOC just text me the answer. Dam she sho is smarts. Dat gurl no evrything
The word binary is less accurate than the word duality!
Entangled particles or entangled entropy = syntropy! Spin up is dual to spin down -- Dirac equation.
There is a dual to process to that of increasing entropy namely syntropy.
Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy).
"Through imagination and reason we turn experience into foresight (prediction)" -- Spinoza describing syntropy.
Syntropy (prediction) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics.
Your mind or brain converts information or entropy into mutual information (syntropy, prediction) which is used to track targets, teleology -- Shannon information theory.
In communication theory the receiver of a message treats the message as an inference or expectation or a prediction, the message is literally predicted into existence by your mind, a syntropic process.
The word syntropy means "a tendency to converge" or integrate into a whole, holism or unification.
The word entropy means "a tendency to diverge" or differentiate into new states, reductionism or division.
Divergence is dual to convergence, differentiation is dual to integration, reductionism is dual to holism, division is dual to unification or syntropy is dual to entropy.
Randomness (entropy) is dual to order (syntropy, predictability).
Concepts are dual to percepts -- the mind duality of Immanuel Kant.
Mind is dual to matter -- Descartes.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
Apples fall to the ground because they are conserving duality.
Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy.
Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry.
Gravitation or curvature is therefore dual.
Gravitation is equivalent or dual to acceleration -- Einstein's happiest thought, the principle of equivalence (duality).
The infinite positive curvature singularity is dual to the infinite negative curvature singularity.
The infinite mass classical black hole (convergence) is dual to the white hole (big bang, divergence).
Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein.
Dark energy is dual to dark matter.
Duality creates reality.
Orientation to First Principle Observation, e-Pi-i infinitesimal shaping Fluxion-Integral sync-duration QM picture plane Perspective is a "Rule of thumb" to relate Reciproction-recirculation Singularity positioning integration via Euler's functionality Apature to Maldecena's holography 0-1-2-ness, log-antilog spin-spiral interference dimensionality. From another angle, POV.
I think that when you put gravity and entanglements together, antigravity is a sentence or two away.
I think the matter is united by ENTANGLEMENT and GRAVITY is made by the POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE whene they match at the center of the systems(atoms, stars, galaxies etc.) and is balanced by the CMB that to me is light that comes back discharged, cold and broken.
He has not changed at all since his general relativity lectures 10 years ago
I've just been noticing recently no one wears ties anymore. Ties have gone out of fashion.
Rightfully so. Such a ridiculous garment. But maybe there will be revenge in form of double tie?
Nobody wears turtlenecks either yet, here is Susskind wearing one.
No one is wearing hats either. Watching the first video recordings from around year 1900 they all wore hats. Shocking decline, 😆
Too cool for a tie, apparently.
@@jandroid33 They're indoors.
Lecture begins 11:10
Susskind is a genius.
Mike ehrmantraut did come a long way
How do Bob and Alice agree on the time of the fluctuations?
A very good question!
They probably don’t actually need to. They can find the correlation between the two signals without agreeing on the absolute times of measurements.
Lecture starts at 9:15.
I missed the part about silicon shells. Why silicon? I thought we were talking about something more abstract. It looks like Susskind may have given this talk elsewhere perhaps well rested. Does anyone know where it may be found?
He said it doesn't have to be Silicon - just a metaphor for the shell. I think he chose Silicon b/c of semiconductors and the ability to use it record information on the surface and for it to carry signals.
Lecture starts at 9:30
Hard to believe, but I find very romantic that 2 entangled particles meet stealthily in a wormhole without anyone seeing them.
Is he saying that quantum computers will have trouble sending information over long distances and that the greater the distance the greater the problem?
Alice's notes are perfect gibberish. Bob follows the instructions that Alice sent.
Thankyou
Sorry about that can anyone tell what is wormhole ?
I am here to figure out what space is so earth is included in the galactic federation.
47:03 Protocol does sound more military then digital in this talk =)
Can someone tell what er equal EPR and quantum complexity please?
ER = einstein rosen bridges, often known as wormholes
EPR = entanglement
Is it possible that entropy and matter the same thing and they are one of the 10 dimensions of String Theory
No
Could You Tell Me Please How To Convert A Flat Folded Long Sheet Of Paper Which Appears in ER = EPR " Into " Another Shape Of The Same Sheet Of Paper And This Shape is Penrose Diagram ?
just du some transformations that may completely distort your paper, but keeps lightrays at 45°. and do it in a way that takes infinite space and time to finite values.
thats all ;-)
ps: flat space time (as in special relativity) can be transformed to a ◇-shape this way. the boundaries of the ◇ are infinite space- and/or time coordinates.
the diagram he uses for the ER brigde is what you get from a Schwartzschild Blackhole this way (with some completion of coordinates, as the Schwartzschild metric has open ends after the transformation...)
I was of the opinion that Einstein said a property like entanglement occuring in electron and/or photon pairs was "spooky science", and consequently unbelievable.
Ironically it may be his own theory of gravity that solves the puzzle of entanglement
Consider,
Black Holes connect every star in the galaxy though a system of Spacetime Conduits.
These appear as an "Entanglement", however are really an array of Spacetime "Capillaries" which are connecting each and every Star.
These remove the necessity for attaining light speed, as traveling though them reduces the experiencing of light years into minutes.
The entanglement is the connection between each and every star at the same moment no mater their distance from each other...
spacetime, fundamental force of nature, fields, particles and black holes are not real, they are ghost emerging from quantum bits, quantum bit is information. they all emerge from information. like a rainbow, you see it, its not really there.it is nowhere, but yet if you look at a specific angle , you see it. same thing with everything else, I a given situation, you see something, or feel something. or whatever your brain is programed for as a response
You have watched too many Star Treks
right to me.
it reminds me of Walter Russell cosmology from 100 years ago, regarding holograms created in cubes
There is a vortex at the center of the "Worm-Hole" - Einstein-Rosen bridge. It goes both ways as it is a mirror image of worm-hole's event horizon on either side, and the growth is an illusion made by the flow of Spacetime inside the Conduit. It looks this way from our tiny perspective, and our mathematics confirm that it looks like it is growing. What if the "Expanding Universe" is really the flow of spacetime along different celestial temporal rivers through eternity. Some galaxies flowing toward us in streams, some away?
Michael Wonsower genial, word here is flow ~
secretchordstudio The vibration of the resonant frequencies of spacetime.
The center of an infinite mass black hole is connected to the big bang or white hole via a mobius loop.
The Einstein-Rosen bridge is a mobius loop, positive infinity is dual to negative infinity.
Entangled particles or entangled entropy = syntropy! Spin up is dual to spin down -- Dirac equation.
There is a dual to process to that of increasing entropy namely syntropy.
Teleological physics (syntropy) is dual to non-teleological physics (entropy).
"Through imagination and reason we turn experience into foresight (prediction)" -- Spinoza describing syntropy.
Syntropy (prediction) is dual to increasing entropy -- the 4th law of thermodynamics.
Your mind or brain converts information or entropy into mutual information (syntropy, prediction) which is used to track targets, teleology -- Shannon information theory.
In communication theory the receiver of a message treats the message as an inference or expectation or a prediction, the message is literally predicted into existence by your mind, a syntropic process.
The word syntropy means "a tendency to converge" or integrate into a whole, holism or unification.
The word entropy means "a tendency to diverge" or differentiate into new states, reductionism or division.
Divergence is dual to convergence, differentiation is dual to integration, reductionism is dual to holism, division is dual to unification or syntropy is dual to entropy.
Randomness (entropy) is dual to order (syntropy, predictability).
Concepts are dual to percepts -- the mind duality of Immanuel Kant.
Mind is dual to matter -- Descartes.
"Always two there are" -- Yoda.
Apples fall to the ground because they are conserving duality.
Potential energy is dual to kinetic energy.
Positive curvature is dual to negative curvature -- Gauss, Riemann geometry.
Gravitation or curvature is therefore dual.
Gravitation is equivalent or dual to acceleration -- Einstein's happiest thought, the principle of equivalence (duality).
The infinite positive curvature singularity is dual to the infinite negative curvature singularity.
The infinite mass classical black hole (convergence) is dual to the white hole (big bang, divergence).
Energy is dual to mass -- Einstein.
Dark energy is dual to dark matter.
Duality creates reality.
I love susskind!
Physics and lack of sleep - better than any drug!
Physics and heroin pretty good too.
Yo I didn't know Mike Ehrmantraut's got street smarts AND book smarts
Were we supposed to be able to see anything on the screen? This video uses editing, but I'm not sure to what end.
So it gets better later in the video, but could definitely be better for a video with multiple camera angles.
Nothing can get out of a black hole - instead of Hawking's radiation. What if someone (in a far future) would create pairs of virtual particles (sorry if I am using wrong terms, I'm german) at the very edge of a black hole. Could we send information with these?
Some would say all particles are virtual Peter, including Max Planck who said matter derives from consciousness.
I think the reductionist nature of science, ie, chopping things into little pieces to understand them, is making it increasingly hard to deal with the observable cosmos.
Fritjof Capra had the right approach I think, in The Tao of Physics. He leavens modern science with ancient wisdom.
Maybe the state of the particles changes by singularity interactions which is an SSB breaking of what we see inside our sphere of space/time experience.
Data destruction and transmutation end the entanglement at the event horizon.
(I'm saying it's burned as it's transformed at the event horizon or formed as it comes out of the event singularity of a bang.)
In other words the event horizon of singularities both positive and negative create new attributes which include space time and matter as we know it. Underneath the covers of the singularity those things are broken down. They still exist as gravity, angular momentum and things that still exist inside the black hole from stuff that entered, but the space time link is possibly broken and conservation of data may break down.
(Perhaps: The universe of the seen is closed, but the objective universe including singularities is open inputs and sinks which exist, but are often denied by measurements which must have data to preserve the closed system.)
This would be akin to a firewall transforming the material into something different and that something has some values that remain but other values are lost. The negative singularities become a sink to the nature of the particles as we want to define them with quantum mechanics in space time as space time is no more in a sense. The data is lost. But the entropy is converted into something else(I vote for higs boson like dark matter and energy). That may count as a "read" of the entangled particle inside the conversion of the event horizon by the event horizon. The the read was done by the shell of the black hole, and the other particle going out into space will be fixed with no more spin read coupled to the particle which is lost inside the black hole. The remaining particle in our space time is uncoupled from the particle inside the event horizon. It's spin was fixed by the event horizon conversion or read.
Because the entangled particle entering into the event horizon is measured by it's destruction and conversion into the singularity. The event horizon may not produce any entangled particles at all. But I'm talking about particles that were pulled in. Some think Hawkin radiation is entangled. I can't answer that question with my guesses.
SSB breaking of the rules happens and that fixes the particle outside if it was generated with entangled matter at some point to a fixed read state. There is no more link. The event horizon has broken that and SSB destruction of math(I know this sounds strange but that is possibly what happens) converts the matter inside the black hole into singularity like matter which is much closer to matter we "don't see" and may even reappear as "dark matter and dark energy" when the black hole dissolves. Black holes and singularities or white holes may be using the same SSB breaking of math. And that is why people are worried about the data and how to preserve it on the shell of the surface of the black hole or event horizon. They want to preserve it because they can't let go of it to the form inside the singularity. The big bang and black hole are like two book ends with the same features. The singularities don't use the math we think about inside our universe because the laws of inflation apply, until the matter and higs fields emerge from the singularity and produce more matter. Maybe the black holes are converting seen matter into unseen matter and in effect they are the source for dark matter and dark energy once they disappear. This of course is just my guess as a rank amateur without any good math or physics standing to claim this as anything more than a very dumb pedestrian guess.
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