Premature Atrial Contractions (PACs), Animation.
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- Опубліковано 11 вер 2024
- (USMLE topics, cardiology) Causes, symptoms and pathology of PAC.
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Voice by Ashley Fleming
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Premature atrial contractions, PACs, are premature heartbeats originating in one of the upper chambers of the heart, the atria. PACs are common among patients with lung disorders, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD, but they also often occur in healthy people. PACs may be caused or worsened by caffeine, alcohol use, and certain medications. Apart from occasional palpitations, PACs are generally asymptomatic and do not require treatment in otherwise healthy people.
A PAC happens when the atria are activated by an ectopic site in an atrium, instead of the SA node. Because atrial depolarization is initiated outside the SA node, the associated P wave has an unusual, non-sinus morphology. An early atrial activation may cause the P wave to merge with the preceding T wave producing a peaked fusion wave. In situations where the ectopic site is located near the AV node, the atria are depolarized mainly by retrograde conduction and the resulting P wave is inverted; the PR interval representing the time the signal reaches the AV node, is slightly shorter. An ectopic atrial activation can usually enter the SA node, depolarize it and reset its timing, causing a so-called non-compensatory pause. On an ECG, this is seen as changes in the PP intervals that contain the ectopic beats. This feature can be used to differentiate PACs from ectopic beats of ventricular origin, PVCs. PVCs typically do NOT conduct back to the atria, SA node firing is NOT affected, and PP interval remains unchanged.
The downstream ventricular conduction of a PAC can be normal, aberrant or absent. In most cases, conduction through the AV node and ventricles is not affected, resulting in a normal narrow QRS complex. Occasionally however, ventricular conduction may be aberrant, causing a widened QRS complex, usually with right bundle branch block morphology, which may look similar to a premature beat of ventricular origin. In this case, differentiation is made based on the presence of a preceding P wave and a non-compensatory pause in PAC.
A non-conducted PAC is one that arrives too early to the AV node, at the time when the AV node is still in refractory period and thus cannot be activated.
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It’s amazing how much I don’t understand ECG like what is this man
I am studying atrial anomalies now that I have a Kardia EKG system. I’m familiar with the sinus rhythm components, but this tutorial helps me understand the electrical mechanics. I have recovered from repeated AFIB events, but now have arrhythmia and PACs. Very clear. Thanks!
I have pacs as well. Is there anything we can do to stop them?
@@BigHushAffiliate you should be in dialogue with your cardiologist. There could be several sources for this anomaly; from heredity to hypertension. They should check that out for you.
@@TomPauls007 Will do, I’ll get right on that and make an appointment asap. Thank you. 🤝 one last question: I had severe stomach/lower abdomen issues not that long ago and got prescribed a lot of different meds. After that, is when my heart pacs began. I am going to see a Gi this wednesday. What should I ask him to do, like a endoscopy? Since the vagus nerve is connected from the heart to stomach? I had severe stomach irritation from the meds and lower abdominal bleeding.
@@BigHushAffiliate Many meds have the side effect of heart rhythm issues. My hypertension pills cause arrhythmia. Again, these issues should be discussed with your doc. They have to digest (har) your symptoms information to arrive at a path forward.
At what side of chest you feel pac beat
Much love and prayers, Heart Warriors!
Clear explanation, nice illustrations and animations and a likable clear narration. Good work.
Thank you! You explained in a way that I could understand easily. I couldn't get the topic from the books, but your video made it clear.
We are not taught clearly ..non compensatory pause is totally unclear
i can not understand 😭 non compansatory pause so plz help me
great animation. subscribed
Is there a video that explains the role electrolytes (sodium, potassium and calcium) play in premature depolarization of heart cells, and how an imbalance in electrolytes can cause the trouble?
great animation
I have heart PACS. I also a 2cm hiatail hernia. Could my hernia be the reason I am having PACS??? I have had ALL heart tests and they are all normal. They can’t find the cause of my PACS!
That's so interesting! I have a hiatal hernia and PACs too!
@@lboog3678 so does another family member on my wifes side. It is definitley something we should look into: check this out, I got it from wikipedia. “Hiatal hernia has often been called the "great mimic" because its symptoms can resemble many disorders. Among them, a person with a hiatal hernia can experience dull pains in the chest, shortness of breath (caused by the hernia's effect on the diaphragm), heart palpitations (due to irritation of the vagus nerve), and swallowed food "balling up" and causing discomfort in the lower esophagus until it passes on to the stomach.”
@@BigHushAffiliate yes! It def gives me the other side effects tho! GERD, dull pain- thats when I got checked out- I was afraid I was having a heart attack! Turns out it was just from the hernia! I will look more into it
@@lboog3678 Have you got a confirmation from a doctor that it is from the hernia? I’m still not sure it’s from that myself but after getting a bombardment of heart tests done including a stress test, echo and heart monitor and it ALL coming back normal aside from the PACS (palpatations) I don’t know what else it could be you know?
At what side of chest you felt the beats plz rply
This is awesome
I have both these and PVC’s for years. A two week holter showed they are less than 1%. Ive had them for years and recent changes to diet and adding supplements hasn’t seemed to help. I feel at least a couple per day.
I've been having PVCs and chest pain since 2020 basically four years and seeing cardiologist after cardiologist yet I am still in the same predicament with no resolve from any of these doctors and I've had catheterizations, echocardiograms stress echoes cta's x-rays blood work yet not one doctor can come up with an answer other than I've got a 50% blockage of my LAD.
I've determined they do not want to help anyone that's on Medicaid or Medicare!!.. .
@@bobadingolook for fasting with celtic salt and sea moss. I also feel some heart issues, and all doctors tell me I have nothing.. I will start fasting as Dr Sebi said till I get cured.. succes to you !
Anyone have good advice at how to deal with PACs. I am trying to become a pilot and I possess this condition. They are requiring me to do a variety of tests. I am wondering if there is a way naturally to fix this. Note: I don't possess any other health conditions and I am not overweight.
I am in the exact same position, I am trying to get my pilots license but I am really concerned about these PACs. I am going to get some tests done privately to see what they find. Best of luck and let me know if you found a cure for these.
Stop all stimulants, food and drinks, like coffee, tea, alcohol, cigarettes, you can drink non caffeine tea and coffee but no alcohol. Check if what you eat contains stimulants as ingredients. If that is not enough take magnesium taurate once daily, eat a banana per day, drink water. Dont overdue sports. Im not a doctor but i read a lot of medical information specially heart related literature.
Propranolol is the best for this.🙏
Love the videos
Thanks a lot
Great video! First time viewer here.
I'm wondering if this is the same condition I currently have.
Went for a physical yesterday, did an EKG test for the first time ever. Unless I misread it, the results stated 'Mile premature arterial arrhythmia '
Is this a familiar/real term or did I misread it?
Dr. stated that there's a bit of an irregularity with heart beat. As I breathe in, the beat slows down .
As I exhale, the beat speeds up/returns to normal pace.
Follow up will be in few days. Meantime i'm curious what all this could be and if someone can direct me to a more specific article/vid/site that talks more in length of this.
Many thanks!
Follow up?
I have the same condition. How did it go?
I have this certain in as I been undergone through 24hr holter monitor
Thanks 👏👏
At what side of chest you felt the beats plz rply
Assume a person had all tests possible done. If PACs can happen in healthy people who aren't stressed/anxious, or consume caffeine, alcohol, etc., why would they happen then?
Same thing HAPpening with me! After vaccine and covid
@@No1-22 At what side of chest you felt the beats plz rply
At what side of chest you felt the beats plz rply
I feel like covid had a direct relation to now have PACs.. I got covid before the vaccine was available and that's when I started experiencing flutters/palpitations. I got vaccinated, and got covid AGAIN this previous December. I feel it takes me months to recover both times, even though symptoms of covid last time we're significantly less severe .. I'm only 31. I don't drink, don't do drugs. Struggle with anxiety/panic and this has been a huge reason why. Never knowing why I had these palpitations/flutters and all the doctors writing me off as "anxiety". I HAVE anxiety, because of the palpitations.. just found out today it's PACs. Almost 2 years later.
@@No1-22 Interesting.... I've had both shots and the booster, and now I suffer from frequent PAC's and some PVC's. Can't quite put my finger on it but It appears that it all started up in 2020, corresponding to my first Pfizer shot.
Ablatie, the only one !
Surely. Had one. Helped whit afib, but not with Pac and pvc.
Want another ablation. Wont get one. Still push them cardio people. I wont give up.
Is it deadly?
Nope
Only lie down with totaly empty stomach. 5 or 6 ours before bed, no food. Take a walk before, 20 min at least, walk slow or relaxed. Sucses .
The subtitles hinder the ECG diagrammatic representation needs to be corrected
Subtitles on or off is your own setting, you can remove it.
@@Alilamedicalmedia fine but subtitles without hindering explanation would be much better
At what side of chest you felt the beats plz rply
Any suppliments that can help? I looked up potassium with magnesium citrate can help with L- arginine and L - carnitine and proteolytic enzymes?. Crazy how the Apple Watch can pick these up too.
Ecg cant see properly bcz of subtitles
سلام عليكم
Long absence ****** because we loved you
if someone experiencing pac and doctor recommended hydroxyzine hydrochloride an antihistamine med. is there a possibility that pac may develop worse in the future? but sometimes the pac subside with antihistamine med. any comments please.
❤️❤️❤️❤️
Hey I know this was posted a year ago,,but last Friday I’ve noticed my heart pauses for a secound and kinda adrenaline rush happened right after,Iva had previous ecg,chest X-ray,and blood work all came back normal,doesn’t happen to frequent but atleast 15 times a day,I have a cardiology appointment next Thursday should I be worried?been going on for about a week. Also would like to mention I have heavy anxiety and a lot of emotional stress.woudl greatly appreciate a response👍
morgy it’s pacs don’t worry!
I'm 29 and have had these for about 10 years now. Many stress tests, ultrasounds, xrays, bloodwork, etc. Everything is normal. They are normal and unharmful. You learn to live with them. Anxiety makes them worse so treat your anxiety and try to relax!
Also, you say yours happens 15 times a day. It is normally only an issue if they happen thousands of times a day. Mine happens about 100 times a day.
@@martianjuames4803 Ive got the same but i have them about 1000 times a day on a rly bad day. Been to several doctors, did holter but they say it's harmless. How on earth do I live with this? I'm only 20 years old!
@@Steelingz at what side you feel the pac beat
@@singh6677g hard to explain. 45° left 1cm under the left nipple?
💪🏻💪🏻
I'm afraid I'm going to die from it.
R u still getting them. I been having them for 5 days now and it's scary and getting to the point now I don't want to sleep at night
@@loveme5771 same. Mine happen a lot too but the my cardiologist said it’s nothing to worry about and won’t help me
I have palpitations for 3 months now and taking medicines. My holter report said I have 2 beats isolated in PAC so I’m very scared
@@loveme5771 I still have frequent intermittent PAC's, and it's been over a year...
@@ronalynnecuran118 i had 7 pvc and 8 pac , doctor said its ok
😍
I’ve been getting these semi regularly for a few days now and I’m scared
Me too
Same. And how are you now ?
Did they ever go away
Ive had mine for over 20 years now.
i have the shittiest physiology teacher ever it took for woman to explain this whole playlist like 8 hours of lessons she is really slow