My maternal grandmother was born in 1897, so she was turning 23 in 1920. She was very smart, well read, and well traveled...and she remained beautifully dressed till the day she died at age nearly 103. When I was in junior high school, I wanted to cut my hair like Twiggy. The cut was called "The Suzette" haircut. My mother was skeptical, but my grandmother, who was then in her mid 60s remembered how glad she was when she decided to get a flapper-type hair cut. She called it "a bob." She had beautiful hair. Many of the girls who cut their hair back then strove for a particular type of "finger wave," which they would achieve with hair setting gel and clips. I have very straight hair--much to my mother's chagrin. I recall wearing skinny METAL tubular hair rollers to bed when I was a little girl. This video has some great photos!! So well done! It is amazing how some fashions come back (like the MaryJane & tie-up Oxford shoes). Great job...Thanks for going to all the trouble of putting this together. Very informative!
Absolutely! But it was a trend of the youth for the elder ladys would not have worn their old dresses from their prime; Look at the 40's collection of Yves Saint Laurent he presented in Spring/ Summer 1971 Haute Couture - it was a true scandal.
Good video! However, a couple of points... The hair cut was because of cars, riding in cars which, in the beginning, often had no roof or no windows. Women's hair became a mess. I'm a Boomer, my Grandmother was born in 1901. She not only told me this growing up, but both she and my mother (born in 1927) rolled their eyes when the "mysterious beginning " of the 1920s women's haircut began to be written about in the 1990s... The term "flapper" was coined from Chicago girls "flapping" down citied streets on their way to work not linch... Girls in their late teens and early twenties, now able to work, usually as typists or other office jobs, would wear rubber rain boots and walk three together arm in arm down the city street. The rubber rain boot (I had a pair when I was a little girl in the 1960s), were oversized and you did * not * take your shoes off when u out then on . They closed with simple metal clasps in front but would not fall of if u just wore them "open", is, loose, and when the young girls walked down the street, laughinging, they boots made a "flapping" sounds. The trouble with a lot not "history" u read and hear is that * their * sources are no longer cited. In the past, to be legitamate u had to include " primary " sources, but now adays "histories" are written that contain current peoes opinions. It fact.
Loved the video ❤ This is my favorite era from the 20th century. I even got the Egyptian haircut around seven years ago. Love their lines, their dresses, their makeup, their hairdos, and their attitude ♠ I love CC
Great video! My favorite fashions are from the 1920s & 1930s l was born in 1954 ! Too Late! I also had less interest in the l940s which my mother wore & the 1950s but I did enjoy 1960s Fashion! Quite cute! Thank you so much for the lovely narrative & video!!! I enjoyed it very much!
Fantastic video! I've always been intrigued by this decade and this was fun to watch! A girl at my dance studio in the 1970's got a part in the musical NO NO NANETTE, on Broadway. She had long blonde hair and had it died black and cut into a 20's bob. She looked gorgeous
The styles were gorgeous and classic. Deco and sophisticated. Even the films we're more realistic than after the forced not so moral 'morality' laws imposed which was to really thwart telling truth to power. Mens and women's styles much nicer than today's leggings showing every lump and bump and absolutely no modesty or class.
There are some facts that have to be corrected: at first, Gabrielle Chanel did not introduce her jersey in 1913, for it was before war, and the clients wore rich, luxurious but uncomfortable dresses. It was the time of the "sultan" Paul Poiret, who influenced fashion with his ideas. Secondly, Paul Poiret was definetely not the first or only one who banned the corset, he even created the "hubble skirt" which only allowed the tiniest steps. It was Madeleine Vionnet who really banned the corset first, giving a woman the liberty to move with her bias cut. Madeleine Vionnet was the master of bias and a Grande Patronne to her employees which was revolutionary. Chanel took jersey during the War for lack of other materials, and so she invented the "Chemise dress", la robe chemise. She also was called "La reine du beige" for her using much beige which was inspired by Paul Helleu, the painter. The 20's were the golden Age of Haute Couture, when the most important Maisons like Chanel, Patou or Vionnet presented four collections a year. The Maison of Paul Poiret was more and more losing ground for his loss of touch with the pulse of the time. In the first half of the decade, there also was a second style: la robe de style, which was shown by Jeanne Lanvin. She presented romantic dresses in exquisite materials. However, Chanels influence - especially from 1925 on - let the robe de style go completely out of fashion.
Wow, nice, thorough exposition of the intrigues of style. I wish more people had taken notice of it. What book did you get this from, or if it’s from your own mind, have you written a book? In the opening lines of “Shuffle off to Buffalo,” Powell sings about them grabbing her scanties and panties and “away we go!” What are scanties? Some form of underwear, I take it.
What a pleasure it is to see this view of women's fashion in the '20s. The presentation of the history of these styles is excellent. Thank you. Alas, there's not much to boast about in regard to current fashion, such as it is. I guess one can point to egalitarian comfort and affordability. Modern gear for sports and heavy weather is excellent. I'm a wistful member of the '60s generation. We (men and women) were colorful, rebellious, and eclectic. Many of us made or modified our own clothing, so it was unique and personal. It was fun.
In the 80’s early 90’s there was a bit of a resurgence of 1920’s fashion. The drop waist was everything. I loved it because I am flat chested. The clothes all fit me perfectly! To be honest the 80’s had its flare but sadly didn’t not extend to the drop waist trend. It was pretty utilitarian.
Ma mère est née en 1920. Elle travaillait et sa patronne payait le coiffeur et les habits de tout son personnel de maison comme les cuisinières et les femmes de chambres et cela à la dernière mode. J'ai vu des photos de maman, sa robe allait jusqu'au milieu de la cuisse et ne couvrait absolument pas le genou (sa patronne voulait un personnel habillé à la dernière mode). Toute sa vie maman a refusé que ses robes lui couvrent les genoux, et quand la mode des mini-jupes est arrivée, malgré son âge elle a adoré cette mode et j'ai porté des jupe très très courtes dans les années 1960-1970.
*Coco Chanel was Timeless, a Perfection of elegance in a realistic flow of fabric, absent of puff sleeves and gawdy ruffles, she would be "en Vogue", in any decade, wearing one of her designs from 1920's, 30's, 40"s, 50's, and she made the design of the very best Woman's Suit.* *No one ever came close to her Perfection of Design for Women's Clothing.*
Nice presentation that helps with the styles from back then. My grandmother was born October 9, 1889, seven months after the opening of the Eiffel Tower, but w/o the Internet, I didn’t know what questions to ask her. She wore funny shoes, but in the context of the 20’s, they were perfect! Benny Strong’s song “That Certain Party”, was written in 1948, but his delightful description of women’s looks and comportment go very well with this video! 😄😄🥳
There are some nice examples on Downton Abbey too. I am thinking about making my own patterns and making some dresses like these. It might be in season two when Lady Mary wears a beaded dress, and in a couple of episodes she wears a red dress with beads along the upper front sides and (I think) across at the neck. It looks like red crepe or silk. Unfortunately there is no way to take a screenshot of them but it's still a good reference.
The 1st major star in hollywood who represented the flapper was Colleen Moore her nickname was Flaming Youth. Back in the early 1920s. A bigger star than Louise Brooks and Clara Bow. Also a Top Ten money maker star for over 8 years, 2nd only to Mary Pickford.
I looked her up and not only was she an actress but a very smart woman. She was an investor among other things and did very very well. Apparently she was ahead of her time and I have a feeling she could have been a bit of inventor. She didn’t die till 1988. WOW. LOVE THIS. Thanks for peaking my curiosity. 👍🏻
You are so detailed and accurate in your descriptions and even though the 1920's is not my favorite era, My favorite 20th century era is the 1950's. I am following just from your presentation .
I never knew nylon stockings dated as far back as the 1920's! I thought that was more like WWll, when nylon was needed for parachutes. All I know is that at that time nylon stockings were scarce (rationed maybe?) and women drew a line down the back of each leg to simulate a seam.
Excellent video. But just a note: Chanel spent World War II in Paris in the Ritz Hotel with an SS officer. Chanel Co. tries to play that down all the time.
To me, the 1920 style for women looked frumpy with the dropped waist. But I find the evening dresses very alluring. But then I was raised around my 1889 grandmother and her daughters, who were young in the 20s and still adored finger waves in their hair, which to me was hideous. I was born in 1949, and by the time I was aware of clothing, I was patterning myself after my more hip mom and women her age who were wearing trousers and full skirts and sporting a poney tail. Then the peasant dresses and mini skirts of the 60's and 70s. But my absolute favorite is by far the Edwardian Era, from kitchen maid to the Lady of the house!
❗England lost their best and brightest in WW1 and has never recovered. Aristocrats and nobles, graduates of the finest public schools, raised from birth to be future leaders were cut down in the opening months.
I see that you admire russians, but info about boots based on valenky designed for Siberia makes laughing. Traditional Russian dress like the cult peasant embroidery - is actually Ukrainian traditional dress
The woman’s picture at 2:34 looks like a modern woman playing dress-up. I say that because her makeup and eyebrows aren’t quite right and it looks like she is wearing gauges (pronounced gage-iz). I could be wrong, but I have been staring and staring at her trying to figure it out. Especially her ear… it really looks like a modern gauge. If there are people who are unsure of what I mean, gauging one’s ears is the fashion trend of stretching out the earlobes, little by little, making the earlobe holes bigger and bigger. Then, they usually put some type of gauges in them so people can see right through earlobe holes. I will never forget the first time I saw an American guy with stretched out earlobe holes. In 1989, I was at an exotic pet shop in the Ann Arbor/Ypsilanti (pronounced Ip-sah-lantee), Michigan area. The guy who worked at the shop was just a little older than me and he had Lincoln Logs, yes, the wooden block toys, in his stretched out earlobes! I wonder what his ears look like now that he’s in his mid-fifties or so?
“New forms of government - more egalitarian …. “ and you show a picture of Lenin, the icon of a form of government- communism which would cause the death and torture of tens of millions? I hope this was an oversight. I was enjoying it.
My favorite fashion era! Thank you so much for this thoughtful and lovely presentation!
Mine too! I was delighted to see it pop up.
My maternal grandmother was born in 1897, so she was turning 23 in 1920. She was very smart, well read, and well traveled...and she remained beautifully dressed till the day she died at age nearly 103. When I was in junior high school, I wanted to cut my hair like Twiggy. The cut was called "The Suzette" haircut. My mother was skeptical, but my grandmother, who was then in her mid 60s remembered how glad she was when she decided to get a flapper-type hair cut. She called it "a bob." She had beautiful hair. Many of the girls who cut their hair back then strove for a particular type of "finger wave," which they would achieve with hair setting gel and clips. I have very straight hair--much to my mother's chagrin. I recall wearing skinny METAL tubular hair rollers to bed when I was a little girl.
This video has some great photos!! So well done! It is amazing how some fashions come back (like the MaryJane & tie-up Oxford shoes). Great job...Thanks for going to all the trouble of putting this together. Very informative!
Clara Bow....What a doll !!
I love the hairstyles and fashion of this decade. The 70's are cool too. I think those were the two best decades.
Absolutely! But it was a trend of the youth for the elder ladys would not have worn their old dresses from their prime; Look at the 40's collection of Yves Saint Laurent he presented in Spring/ Summer 1971 Haute Couture - it was a true scandal.
Good video! However, a couple of points...
The hair cut was because of cars, riding in cars which, in the beginning, often had no roof or no windows. Women's hair became a mess. I'm a Boomer, my Grandmother was born in 1901. She not only told me this growing up, but both she and my mother (born in 1927) rolled their eyes when the "mysterious beginning " of the 1920s women's haircut began to be written about in the 1990s...
The term "flapper" was coined from Chicago girls "flapping" down citied streets on their way to work not linch... Girls in their late teens and early twenties, now able to work, usually as typists or other office jobs, would wear rubber rain boots and walk three together arm in arm down the city street. The rubber rain boot (I had a pair when I was a little girl in the 1960s), were oversized and you did * not * take your shoes off when u out then on . They closed with simple metal clasps in front but would not fall of if u just wore them "open", is, loose, and when the young girls walked down the street, laughinging, they boots made a "flapping" sounds.
The trouble with a lot not "history" u read and hear is that * their * sources are no longer cited. In the past, to be legitamate u had to include " primary " sources, but now adays "histories" are written that contain current peoes opinions.
It fact.
ty ! I enjoy the pronunciation of 'rayon' and 'crepe' as well :) yes a lovely presentation, I had to escape the current events for awhile.
Portuguese accent . Love it.
Su
I like the fashions of that era.
Loved the video ❤ This is my favorite era from the 20th century. I even got the Egyptian haircut around seven years ago. Love their lines, their dresses, their makeup, their hairdos, and their attitude ♠ I love CC
Great video! My favorite fashions are from the 1920s & 1930s l was born in 1954 ! Too Late! I also had less interest in the l940s which my mother wore & the 1950s but I did enjoy 1960s Fashion! Quite cute! Thank you so much for the lovely narrative & video!!! I enjoyed it very much!
I love the hat and headbands of the 1920s can you do. A tutorial on that.
Fantastic video! I've always been intrigued by this decade and this was fun to watch! A girl at my dance studio in the 1970's got a part in the musical NO NO NANETTE, on Broadway. She had long blonde hair and had it died black and cut into a 20's bob. She looked gorgeous
Loved it. the 1920's was The Fashion Decade. all subsequent fashion styles evolved from this one!
Totally loved this era. Great job, thank you for this!
One of the very best videos on the fashion of this era! Great job!
The styles were gorgeous and classic. Deco and sophisticated. Even the films we're more realistic than after the forced not so moral 'morality' laws imposed which was to really thwart telling truth to power. Mens and women's styles much nicer than today's leggings showing every lump and bump and absolutely no modesty or class.
There are some facts that have to be corrected: at first, Gabrielle Chanel did not introduce her jersey in 1913, for it was before war, and the clients wore rich, luxurious but uncomfortable dresses. It was the time of the "sultan" Paul Poiret, who influenced fashion with his ideas. Secondly, Paul Poiret was definetely not the first or only one who banned the corset, he even created the "hubble skirt" which only allowed the tiniest steps. It was Madeleine Vionnet who really banned the corset first, giving a woman the liberty to move with her bias cut. Madeleine Vionnet was the master of bias and a Grande Patronne to her employees which was revolutionary. Chanel took jersey during the War for lack of other materials, and so she invented the "Chemise dress", la robe chemise. She also was called "La reine du beige" for her using much beige which was inspired by Paul Helleu, the painter. The 20's were the golden Age of Haute Couture, when the most important Maisons like Chanel, Patou or Vionnet presented four collections a year. The Maison of Paul Poiret was more and more losing ground for his loss of touch with the pulse of the time.
In the first half of the decade, there also was a second style: la robe de style, which was shown by Jeanne Lanvin. She presented romantic dresses in exquisite materials. However, Chanels influence - especially from 1925 on - let the robe de style go completely out of fashion.
Wow, nice, thorough exposition of the intrigues of style. I wish more people had taken notice of it. What book did you get this from, or if it’s from your own mind, have you written a book? In the opening lines of “Shuffle off to Buffalo,” Powell sings about them grabbing her scanties and panties and “away we go!” What are scanties? Some form of underwear, I take it.
What a pleasure it is to see this view of women's fashion in the '20s. The presentation of the history of these styles is excellent. Thank you. Alas, there's not much to boast about in regard to current fashion, such as it is. I guess one can point to egalitarian comfort and affordability. Modern gear for sports and heavy weather is excellent. I'm a wistful member of the '60s generation. We (men and women) were colorful, rebellious, and eclectic. Many of us made or modified our own clothing, so it was unique and personal. It was fun.
Excellent, educational and best of all fun!!! Thank you
Comprehensive presentation of fashion history 👍😍🏳️🌈🦹🏾♂️🧕🏿
Some of the dresses are works of art. They should be brought back.
I would love to see some fashion revival
of many of those beautiful dress and shoes.
Magnificent video cultural of the day
beautifully narrated
In the 80’s early 90’s there was a bit of a resurgence of 1920’s fashion. The drop waist was everything. I loved it because I am flat chested. The clothes all fit me perfectly! To be honest the 80’s had its flare but sadly didn’t not extend to the drop waist trend. It was pretty utilitarian.
Love the video, u explain everything in the simplest manner.
Excellent video.
Amazing video! Congratulations
You speak so well
Fashion is definitely an amazing art form.
Ma mère est née en 1920. Elle travaillait et sa patronne payait le coiffeur et les habits de tout son personnel de maison comme les cuisinières et les femmes de chambres et cela à la dernière mode. J'ai vu des photos de maman, sa robe allait jusqu'au milieu de la cuisse et ne couvrait absolument pas le genou (sa patronne voulait un personnel habillé à la dernière mode). Toute sa vie maman a refusé que ses robes lui couvrent les genoux, et quand la mode des mini-jupes est arrivée, malgré son âge elle a adoré cette mode et j'ai porté des jupe très très courtes dans les années 1960-1970.
Me encanta esa moda es tan sofisticada and luxury
Luv the video! But What about hats, tiaras, hairscurf and feathers? Really important items in the 20s ❤
Thanks so much for sharing this video!❤️
*Coco Chanel was Timeless, a Perfection of elegance in a realistic flow of fabric, absent of puff sleeves and gawdy ruffles, she would be "en Vogue", in any decade, wearing one of her designs from 1920's, 30's, 40"s, 50's, and she made the design of the very best Woman's Suit.*
*No one ever came close to her Perfection of Design for Women's Clothing.*
Coco Chanel was a nazi
Thanks for the awesome info!!
Thank you! There's more coming!
Slim and elegant, very rarely overweight.
Addicted to this fabulous channel !
Love it!
Thank you
Thx for historical input.
I too have as a favorite.
Nice presentation that helps with the styles from back then. My grandmother was born October 9, 1889, seven months after the opening of the Eiffel Tower, but w/o the Internet, I didn’t know what questions to ask her. She wore funny shoes, but in the context of the 20’s, they were perfect! Benny Strong’s song “That Certain Party”, was written in 1948, but his delightful description of women’s looks and comportment go very well with this video! 😄😄🥳
So interesting. Thanks.
There are some nice examples on Downton Abbey too. I am thinking about making my own patterns and making some dresses like these. It might be in season two when Lady Mary wears a beaded dress, and in a couple of episodes she wears a red dress with beads along the upper front sides and (I think) across at the neck. It looks like red crepe or silk. Unfortunately there is no way to take a screenshot of them but it's still a good reference.
Loved it. Thankyou.
I like this fashion
Where can I find the 1920 dresses which I have always loved
You have to make them
How can I contact with you regarding the copyrights of this film? I would like to use it in an art exhibition.
I agree with the history of "bootlegging"😂
I love the shoes shown in these photos!
The 1st major star in hollywood who represented the flapper was Colleen Moore her nickname was Flaming Youth. Back in the early 1920s. A bigger star than Louise Brooks and Clara Bow. Also a Top Ten money maker star for over 8 years, 2nd only to Mary Pickford.
I looked her up and not only was she an actress but a very smart woman. She was an investor among other things and did very very well. Apparently she was ahead of her time and I have a feeling she could have been a bit of inventor. She didn’t die till 1988. WOW. LOVE THIS. Thanks for peaking my curiosity. 👍🏻
You are so detailed and accurate in your descriptions and even though the 1920's is not my favorite era, My favorite 20th century era is the 1950's. I am following just from your presentation .
Nice, but I was surprised to hear no mention of Zelda Fitzgerald, "the first American flapper."
I love the 20 era
Cool!
Fascinating
I like it very much. I also subscribed.
Yep, Clara Bow, the IT Girl. ❤️💋 Swarovski was also selling his crystals for embellishments for clothes.
just love!!!!!!
I love the fashion. Especially the most femminine style of shoes (heels) in all history!❤
J'aime le style élégance de 1920...
I never knew nylon stockings dated as far back as the 1920's! I thought that was more like WWll, when nylon was needed for parachutes. All I know is that at that time nylon stockings were scarce (rationed maybe?) and women drew a line down the back of each leg to simulate a seam.
I saw a couple of dresses by Versace that were similar to these.
Mi suegra ríp nacio1909 y me decía de esa época ella y mi suegro ríp bailaban Charleston era una señora hermosa🇵🇷💜
Great work on this video. Do you have a transcript of it that I can share with my students?
Excellent video. But just a note: Chanel spent World War II in Paris in the Ritz Hotel with an SS officer. Chanel Co. tries to play that down all the time.
❤️❤️❤️
To me, the 1920 style for women looked frumpy with the dropped waist. But I find the evening dresses very alluring. But then I was raised around my 1889 grandmother and her daughters, who were young in the 20s and still adored finger waves in their hair, which to me was hideous. I was born in 1949, and by the time I was aware of clothing, I was patterning myself after my more hip mom and women her age who were wearing trousers and full skirts and sporting a poney tail. Then the peasant dresses and mini skirts of the 60's and 70s. But my absolute favorite is by far the Edwardian Era, from kitchen maid to the Lady of the house!
Thank you good overview one of the better ones
tres chic
I would love to see, unless you've already done it...HATS from the 1920s. I wear cloche hats every fall winter.
My mom and her sisters were fashion bugs they always got compliments All them gone now.
🥰
@spirals 73 Aww thank you!!😊
🦋😇🦋
can i wear a short fake shoulder fur on top of the outfit ?? thank you
Why not go for it 😊 Girl Friend!
Please talk abou the hair ornament women wore
Linda matéria.
Thank-you dear one*
🌷😃♥️♥️♥️♥️♥️
👍🏽😍♥️
We are currently in the 20s
🆒
Check out Karolina Zebrowska. She is quite knowledgeable, and has done her homework
Shout out to Meme Mom! Karolina is a treasure, her content if full of information told in a fun, easily indigestible way.
Inappropriate discussing the war with that music...and the music was overly used. Cannot watch with the sound on.
🌈💝
Again spoiled by unnecessary music ,cannot hear the narrator
This is NOT 1920's style music!! This is post late 1939 style big band music!!.....ALSO!!
Where is Charleston ?! Black Bottom ?
Hot Jazz ? etc. ?
Use earbuds, I can hear just fine. The music brings the photos to life
@@mick2spic it’s the wrong era though but ok
That's so odd. I can hear her just fine.
every day i ignore chanel's "take one thing off before you leave the house" advice. i don't take advice from nazis and i need to Layer
why did this independent, free wheeling feminist era "de-evolve" into a '50s housewife aesthetic??
I swear I have wondered the same thing!!! How do you go from Clara Bow to June Cleaver?!!?
After the War ww2 working women who took the jobs of their men who went to war, went back home to start they life and family's.😊
Because the men returned from WWII and they needed jobs. So government propaganda decided to put women back to the stove.
❗England lost their best and brightest in WW1 and has never recovered. Aristocrats and nobles, graduates of the finest public schools, raised from birth to be future leaders were cut down in the opening months.
I see that you admire russians, but info about boots based on valenky designed for Siberia makes laughing. Traditional Russian dress like the cult peasant embroidery - is actually Ukrainian traditional dress
The woman’s picture at 2:34 looks like a modern woman playing dress-up. I say that because her makeup and eyebrows aren’t quite right and it looks like she is wearing gauges (pronounced gage-iz). I could be wrong, but I have been staring and staring at her trying to figure it out. Especially her ear… it really looks like a modern gauge. If there are people who are unsure of what I mean, gauging one’s ears is the fashion trend of stretching out the earlobes, little by little, making the earlobe holes bigger and bigger. Then, they usually put some type of gauges in them so people can see right through earlobe holes. I will never forget the first time I saw an American guy with stretched out earlobe holes. In 1989, I was at an exotic pet shop in the Ann Arbor/Ypsilanti (pronounced Ip-sah-lantee), Michigan area. The guy who worked at the shop was just a little older than me and he had Lincoln Logs, yes, the wooden block toys, in his stretched out earlobes! I wonder what his ears look like now that he’s in his mid-fifties or so?
Wait a minute.. is this my friend seamstresses?
I love the fashion of the 20s and 30s but those SHOULDERS ! of the 40s ? Like linebackers for the Dallas Cowboys ! 🤐😵💫
I think we had shoulder pads in the 80s.
العالم الان يجري خلف التعري .وغضب الرب 😢
Iam a flapper.
Me too
F. Scott Fitzgerald dubbed Joan Crawford as the ultimate flapper!
I don't think nylon was invented until the 30s!
Spanish Flu killed 50milion+; arguably that caused more trauma than the War.
What a stupid comment
“New forms of government - more egalitarian …. “ and you show a picture of Lenin, the icon of a form of government- communism which would cause the death and torture of tens of millions?
I hope this was an oversight. I was enjoying it.
This would have been fine if not for the music which was very distracting and also had nothing to do with the 1920's.
What about married conservative women,? We cannot ignore them
WWI started in 1914 and was over by 1920. Basic history
1918 I'm pretty sure not 1920
@@harperdunn9692 you are correct. And I know that. What was I thinking?
@spirals 73 The Titanic sank more than 2 years before the war started.
However, the " Lusitania" was torpedoed in 1915.