But How DO Fluid Simulations Work?

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  • Опубліковано 28 тра 2024
  • Fluid simulations. How on is it possible that a computer can recreate the crashing waves, the rolling clouds and the swirling smoke that we see in our daily lives, phenomena which seem characterized by randomness and chaos? This video will attempt to explain exactly how the mathematics behind fluid simulations work.
    Timestamps:
    00:00 Intro
    00:42 Navier-Stokes Equations
    02:38 Representation
    04:52 Diffusion
    07:53 Gauss-Seidel Method
    09:36 Advection
    11:31 Clearing Divergence
    14:33 Outro
    Paper referenced: Jos Stam - Real Time Fluid Dynamics for Games (2003)
    www.autodesk.com/research/pub...
    Music: Soft Piano Music by Relax Music Meditation
    • Video
  • Наука та технологія

КОМЕНТАРІ • 429

  • @cpkreuuuuu
    @cpkreuuuuu 3 роки тому +1869

    I like your funny words magic man

    • @nimphilia
      @nimphilia 3 роки тому +6

      man

    • @AlxM96
      @AlxM96 3 роки тому +23

      😂😂😂 your comment cracked me up

    • @aissaelwadjih4785
      @aissaelwadjih4785 3 роки тому +4

      Dumb cant

    • @forbiddenera
      @forbiddenera 3 роки тому +46

      Says any competent programmer could do it..instantly loses me in math...been coding for 30 years..not the imposter I swear

    • @nimphilia
      @nimphilia 3 роки тому +9

      @@forbiddenera relatable

  • @josstam2217
    @josstam2217 3 роки тому +592

    Nice video. Reminds me of my talks in the early 2000s. I also wrote a book about this. The Art of Fluid Animation. We also implemented this into the Maya software and has been used in blockbuster movies. We got a tech Academy Award for this in 2008.

  • @David-zy1lr
    @David-zy1lr 3 роки тому +492

    When I finished the video I expected it to have at least 100k views with how well made this is. You deserve many, many subs

    • @t4ky0n
      @t4ky0n 2 роки тому +3

      50 views away from 100k as im typing this

    • @David-zy1lr
      @David-zy1lr 2 роки тому

      @@t4ky0n hello fellow anarcho-troll-ist

    • @t4ky0n
      @t4ky0n 2 роки тому +1

      @@David-zy1lr YOOOOOO

    • @user-hv5tl2ij7o
      @user-hv5tl2ij7o 2 роки тому +8

      There is 100k views now

    • @Sebastian-rp9np
      @Sebastian-rp9np 2 роки тому

      check braintruffle bro

  • @thygrrr
    @thygrrr 3 роки тому +181

    Hey, I found this video via a Reddit post. This is really well-made, thank you!

    • @evank7858
      @evank7858 3 роки тому +2

      What sub?

    • @mastershooter64
      @mastershooter64 3 роки тому +7

      @Caleb Landry Wow you used a bot account to market some scam and reply to it using another bot account to make it seem reputable?? that's disgusting

  • @quantumgaming9180
    @quantumgaming9180 3 роки тому +172

    Too bad I found about this video after I did the same thing. It took me over a year to understand the theory and algorithms behind Stam's papers, but you explained it in 15 minutes! Great video anyway!

    • @Gonkee
      @Gonkee  3 роки тому +43

      If it took you a year, I'm sure you won't forget it anytime soon! :)

    • @pinkyrng7104
      @pinkyrng7104 2 роки тому +6

      @@Gonkee I still have no clue how to program that. Have to watch the video 5 more times :D

    • @cory99998
      @cory99998 2 роки тому +6

      @@pinkyrng7104 just start one step at a time, try and get the basic system working so that you only need to learn one new concept at a time to eventually get it all working

    • @Polygarden
      @Polygarden 2 роки тому +3

      Same for me. But it's not an easy subject though and contains many different algorithms and approaches. I also skipped the lerp part, because on the GPU you are able interpolate between pixels by default, with the filtering step.
      Overall very detailed and well made video! It helps a lot of curious people.

    • @nullbeyondo
      @nullbeyondo 2 роки тому

      ​@@pinkyrng7104 You're making it sounds complicated more than it is. You just look at the N solver equation and implement an N loop for it. I did it in 1 time watching the video and just rewinding it to where the equations are.

  • @makra2077
    @makra2077 3 роки тому +123

    Man, I'm a Unity dev and UA-camr. I came here from reddit, when I saw the video I thought you had somewhat around 100k subs bro. Keep griding you'll easily reach there :) Good Luck!

    • @AkariInsko
      @AkariInsko 3 роки тому +1

      Gdrinding*

    • @makra2077
      @makra2077 3 роки тому +2

      @@AkariInsko *grainding

    • @lebaguette5393
      @lebaguette5393 2 роки тому

      @@makra2077 *grdinaining

    • @user-cw3nb8rc9e
      @user-cw3nb8rc9e Рік тому

      Are "subs" so important to you? Who cares how many subs. The world is not only about money. Good is minority, stupidity is majority.

    • @makra2077
      @makra2077 11 місяців тому

      @@user-cw3nb8rc9e 110k now hehe

  • @user-nj1qc7uc9c
    @user-nj1qc7uc9c 3 роки тому +10

    Under a minute in and ive never been this excited to watch a video by someone ive never heard of before

    • @easyidle123
      @easyidle123 3 роки тому +1

      The craziest thing: this seems to be this guy's first video from what I can find

  • @rigtio8887
    @rigtio8887 3 роки тому +35

    UA-cam just recommended this video to me. Hope you get picked up by the algorithm!

  • @NozaOz
    @NozaOz 3 роки тому +50

    Hey, I recently changed from engineering at Uni to computer science/math, I’ve been feeling a little Gino because I miss physics concepts and understanding things, but this video reminded me that with math and computer science I can recreate all the sciences that lie between using mathematical models and programming skills. Thanks :)

    • @artoshia
      @artoshia 3 роки тому +7

      if you ever touch bits of game dev, its full of math/physics (a lot more than people realize), would totally recommend trying it out, the math is very interesting and visual.

    • @BlastinRope
      @BlastinRope 2 роки тому +1

      As a fellow cs student, a degree in cs is just tools that need to be applied to some other field, and physics is a fun and interactive one to program

  • @melody3741
    @melody3741 3 роки тому +8

    Finally, I’ve been looking all over for information on health physics simulations in general work but literally every single one just tells you to get a library and doesn’t actually go over the math. Thank you for making this video

    • @parthsavyasachi9348
      @parthsavyasachi9348 3 роки тому +2

      This video doesnt even come close to what really happens.
      Btw the book that has complete navier stokes solver as used in industry is by milovan peric. Google cfd and peric.

  • @dsi-films1264
    @dsi-films1264 3 роки тому +4

    This channel is amazing! The quality of production this video has is incredible, keep up the great work!

  • @donovanholm
    @donovanholm 3 роки тому +5

    This is extremely high quality, well made and really drives my interest in modeling and simulations. Thank you

  • @timothygao9442
    @timothygao9442 Рік тому +1

    Slight correction on the diffusion step, the equation according to original paper is x0[IX(i,j)] = x[IX(i,j)] - a*(x[IX(i-1,j)]+x[IX(i+1,j)]+x[IX(i,j-1)]+x[IX(i,j+1)] -4*x[IX(i,j)]), which would be d_n = d_c + k (s_c - 4 * d_c).
    Without doing 4 * d_c, the amount donated to the 4 surrounding cells would only be subtracted once from the original, resulting in a net increase in density/velocity from nowhere and breaking conservation of mass.
    Additionally, I believe the equation d_n = d_c + k (s_c - 4 * d_c) explains why its necessary to diffuse density reverse in time, because it blows up under certain scenarios, resulting in negative values. An example is if you have a really high value cell (say 100) surrounded by really small value cells (say 1). Let K=1. On the next iteration, the high value cell will have -396. While having negative velocity possible, having "negative density" is not and will cause the simulation to blow up.

  • @niekvandam9427
    @niekvandam9427 3 роки тому +2

    Great editing and informative video, you deserve a lot more acknowledgement for the quality you put out!

  • @peksn
    @peksn 3 роки тому +17

    Wow! Awesome video, I always hated how science videos never went deep into how equations actually worked and how to implement/use them, but you did both! Thank you! Awesome video, subscribed and I hope to receive new notifications from you :)

  • @duret-robertlouis2973
    @duret-robertlouis2973 3 роки тому +115

    Your video is really well made ! The animations, the pace, the narration, the music, everything looks like a professionnal channel with many thousands of followers. Keep up the great work ! I can't wait to see more videos from you

  • @Steveplays28
    @Steveplays28 3 роки тому +3

    Very nice video! I randomly came across your channel via my recommended lol
    I like the pacing and the animations a lot. Keep going!

  • @sujals7108
    @sujals7108 3 роки тому +73

    woah I just realised how less subs and views this guy has. This video deserves way more views with such good animation and narration.

  • @1982pwr
    @1982pwr 3 роки тому +7

    Great job with all the videos. The level is very good and the explanations are great. Most of all the topic/topics are a good niche - they're not some sort of basic tutorial, but they're not at an advanced academic level either discussing the details of the respective topics they cover. They're very much the type of stuff I'd love to see if I just want to get an actual technical introduction to something I've never thought about before.

  • @glace848
    @glace848 8 місяців тому

    thanks for this video man. with the help of this video, jos stams paper, a paper by nvidea and weeks of my life spent understanding everything i was able to implement jos stams fluid simulation, while understanding all the processes involved in it. your visualizations we're really valuable in the way they helped me visually grasp everything.

  • @NotTofuFood
    @NotTofuFood 3 роки тому +7

    Wow! Can not believe you have this little subs. Fantastic video and you have inspired me to give fluid simulation a try.

  • @CandianWorkbench
    @CandianWorkbench 3 роки тому +8

    This channel is gonna blow past 1M subs if videos like these keep getting posted

  • @rishichudasama3435
    @rishichudasama3435 3 роки тому +13

    I can’t believe people can actually understand this stuff. Great job man, this is amazing stuff. I just subscribed

    • @jaredjones6570
      @jaredjones6570 2 роки тому +1

      It wasn't that hard to follow. The hardest part was actually the lerp for density redistributions. The rest was purely vector calculus and was nothing new.

  • @hassanahmadsheikh5130
    @hassanahmadsheikh5130 Рік тому

    if not the best than one of the best ever youtube explanaion here of CFD.... Did't knew it was so easy to understand the CFD.... Appriciated mate

  • @ZeroPlayerGame
    @ZeroPlayerGame 3 роки тому +1

    Really nice video, despite having read several papers about fluidsim recently, I still feel like I walked away with a clearer understanding of the fundamental implementation details.

  • @hakamabedmohammed6497
    @hakamabedmohammed6497 2 роки тому

    Very happy to find a kind of beautiful genuine, well understand concept channel.

  • @Oscar-vs5yw
    @Oscar-vs5yw Рік тому

    Your explanations for these very complex are amazing

  • @mr_rowboto
    @mr_rowboto 2 роки тому +1

    Excellent presentation dude. Insta-subscribed. A couple of weeks ago I simulated a boat by voxelizing it and using buoyancy and drag laws, then I wanted to simulate a fluid next... and found your channel. This is pure gold.

  • @minetech4898
    @minetech4898 3 роки тому +1

    This is an amazing video with great information which I will promptly use in about 20 years.

  • @leonstansfield
    @leonstansfield 3 роки тому +1

    video got reccomended to me! it was really good. I hope you hit algorithm gold with this one.

  • @rdasher7747
    @rdasher7747 3 роки тому +3

    This is such a great video, I probably won't be making fluid simulations, but I really enjoyed that

  • @bastelfreund
    @bastelfreund 3 роки тому +1

    Awesome stuff, I came from reddit and i really like the quality of your video keep it up.

  • @mikeohc
    @mikeohc 3 роки тому +5

    Came across your video from YT algorithm. It's really well-made! Subbed

  • @edacoose6969
    @edacoose6969 3 роки тому

    Super informative video, really aided my understanding - thanks very much!!

  • @bigmistqke
    @bigmistqke 3 роки тому +1

    Great video! That was really insightful

  • @abgekippt
    @abgekippt Рік тому

    Very good video! Exactly what I was searching for 👍👍👍

  • @maddieLund
    @maddieLund 3 роки тому

    This kind of stuff if the stuff I want to make more of but don't know how. You just earned a sub :) keep up the good work and make more!! Things like this are hard to learn on your own but things like this make it possible. Thanks.

  • @evanlane1690
    @evanlane1690 9 місяців тому

    Duuude! 11:59 is something I've been trying to wrap my head around for ages. Thanks!

  • @anthonywelsh1496
    @anthonywelsh1496 2 роки тому

    I'm a CS student and I have a critical paper review to write on Stam's Real Time Fluid Dynamics for Games paper, your video really explained fluid simulations well! Also realised I'm already subbed to your channel from your sound synthesis video I used to understand the concept for a personal project implementing a sound synth in C++ from last year. Cheers!

  • @_notch
    @_notch 3 роки тому +1

    Great video! The part about subtracting the divergence was especially fascinating.
    Having never implemented any actual fluid dynamics, I sort of assumed you'd rely on the density to pull and push to even it out, close your eyes, and hope you don't have any rounding errors.

  • @DragonFoxStudios
    @DragonFoxStudios 3 роки тому +1

    Amazing! Amazing source for research!

  • @rohanasokan7338
    @rohanasokan7338 3 роки тому +4

    Honestly, the best content. I dont understand why youtube didn't put this high up on the search results when I was searching for something similar a week back - all I got was shitty lectures and some other crap. Keep going @Inspecto.

  • @aditya_a
    @aditya_a 11 місяців тому +1

    Cool video! (U got that Jos Stam reply, epicccc.)

  • @gregor-alic
    @gregor-alic 3 роки тому +2

    I read the same paper before I watched this video and I must say this video is amazing

  • @J2000Ray
    @J2000Ray 3 роки тому +1

    This is awesome. Thank you for making this.

  • @aesthetikun3704
    @aesthetikun3704 2 роки тому

    I loved on how this video was crafted, and your other videos too, like legit, you somehow exploit most of human senses to really impart a rather complex idea to someone brain in a really engaging way. It would be highly appreciated if you can make a video or any other form of guidance detailing on how this video is produced, like how you do your research, what tools, to do the research, the video editing software or even the content brainstorming management. I'm so sorry if this is too much to ask for but you would really help me or maybe others in communicating our own ideas or any other complex ideas to the layman. Again, your videos are already on the top notch category and you'll definitely reach a bigger audience and prospects in no time!!

  • @targetmhk269
    @targetmhk269 3 роки тому +1

    This was extremely helpful and well made video.

  • @HarhaMedia
    @HarhaMedia 3 роки тому +1

    Very cool explanation, thanks!

  • @guitaek4100
    @guitaek4100 3 роки тому

    This is really easy. Thanks for the good explanation and the paper.

  • @BehradDavoudi
    @BehradDavoudi 3 роки тому

    very very well made and informative video. thank you!

  • @prafulsrivastava7684
    @prafulsrivastava7684 2 роки тому

    Exactly what I was looking for! Thanks man!

  • @shaladddin5687
    @shaladddin5687 3 роки тому

    Keep it going man, your content is really great.
    I believe your channel will grow really well.
    +1 subscriber

  • @jonohiggs
    @jonohiggs 3 роки тому +14

    Probably the best explanation I have seen on the topic. Please can you do another one on the advanced topics

  • @kerch00
    @kerch00 2 роки тому

    You explain Jos Stam's code and theory extremely well

  • @monsieur910
    @monsieur910 3 роки тому +1

    great video! Can't wait for the next

  • @nnesseth
    @nnesseth 3 роки тому +2

    Great video, looking forward to more.

  • @alexrobbins2288
    @alexrobbins2288 3 роки тому

    Attempting to make my own fluid sim right now and this is extremely helpful!

  • @trietch
    @trietch 3 роки тому +1

    Thank you for this video, it really helped me :)

  • @nin10dorox
    @nin10dorox 3 роки тому +1

    Thank you, this demystified it a lot!

  • @ceylaneray
    @ceylaneray 3 роки тому

    Great explanation for this topic.. simply intellegence Thank you!

  • @kjeldje12345678910
    @kjeldje12345678910 3 роки тому +1

    Assuming that the divergence is 0 is indeed valid in most cases. This is based on the assumption that the fluid is incompressible. However with compressible flows one should use the continuity equation which allows you to solve it. But great video!

  • @quantumcookie64
    @quantumcookie64 3 роки тому

    Really great explanation, thank you!

  • @ivanperezavellaneda4031
    @ivanperezavellaneda4031 3 роки тому +1

    Jus what I was looking for! thanks

  • @DGHere12
    @DGHere12 2 роки тому

    this was best explained, I saw many but I was not able to understand the simulation, thx for tutorial

  • @rickyspanish4792
    @rickyspanish4792 3 роки тому +2

    quality content! good job, very helpful

  • @vuubi1
    @vuubi1 3 роки тому +1

    Algorithm brought me here and you got me super interested in Fluid Simulations, extremely well-made video and I'm also leaving this comment to help the algorithm pick up your video for engagement!

  • @AJ-et3vf
    @AJ-et3vf Рік тому

    Awesome video! Thank you!

  • @nighteule
    @nighteule 3 роки тому +1

    I just found this channel today. Quite underrated :)

  • @XanderGouws
    @XanderGouws 3 роки тому +1

    Phenomenal. Amazing video.

  • @sebastiangudino9377
    @sebastiangudino9377 3 роки тому +1

    You are the 3B1B of computers. You are going to get reeealy big eventualy. And i will love to say that i was here while you only had 4 videos and not even 10k subs.
    Thanks for the absolutely top notch content

  • @maybenat
    @maybenat 3 роки тому +1

    Great explanation, nice job ^^

  • @abhishek.chakraborty
    @abhishek.chakraborty 3 роки тому +3

    Wow ! Really well made and educational 👏🏻👏🏻 subscribed to your channel 👍🏼
    However, I can't help but wonder using what softwares was this made 🤔🤓

  • @evanburrows
    @evanburrows 3 роки тому

    Awesome explanation! Thanks

  • @MrSeppii
    @MrSeppii 3 роки тому

    Really well made Video and you manage to get to the point of the subject. Can you do something like structural simulation next?

  • @axelBr1
    @axelBr1 2 роки тому +1

    Fantastic video. As a Chemical Engineer I've seen lots of references to CFD studies, and always wanted to implement my own CFD and Finite Element (for heat transfer problems) solver.
    One thing that is freaking me out is the casual treatment of density, i.e. just using a few equations to move density around. It feels wrong as density is the result of temperature and mass of material within a certain volume. I guess k is dependent on all those properties, but converting those properties to a number seems a bit magical / "ignore the man behind the curtain" type of thing. But then again I suck at maths, as I said an engineer not a scientist.
    The advice to calculate dn with a hyperbolic function will be really helpful for me in my mathematical journey. Thanks!

  • @PFnove
    @PFnove 2 місяці тому

    i will need to rewatch this a couple times but it's extremely interesting

  • @iankelley9302
    @iankelley9302 3 роки тому +2

    Incredible video! Needs more views! I feel like with a few more years of learning math (I'm in Algebra 2) I could program my own fluid sim!

    • @erickuhn1042
      @erickuhn1042 2 роки тому

      Absolutely! I just graduated with a mechanical engineering degree. The knowledge I gained from math and fluid physics made programming my own fluid sim relatively easy.

  • @12321dantheman
    @12321dantheman Рік тому +1

    Thanks for this, I was able to make my own using it. I'd looked at other explanations but this was the best, especially for the part about clearing divergence

  • @jaashiik
    @jaashiik 3 роки тому +1

    Seriously fantastic content, thank you for answering the very question I have been asking the past few weeks - just how on earth do computers simulate the chaotic motion of fluids ?? Subscribed

  • @raletran
    @raletran 7 місяців тому +2

    Careful viewers! I might be wrong, but the equations shown for diffusion in the video are incorrect. If you look at the paper by Jos Stam, the simple, unstable equation for the next density is dn = dc + k(sc-4dc) (where sc means the sum of the densities in surrounding cells), which is not the same as the equation shown in the video, dn = dc + k(sc-vc), where sc is the average of densities in the surrounding cells. I saw that when implementing the method seen in the video, density was lost after diffusion even though it should just spread out.

  • @fckndrummczinz
    @fckndrummczinz Рік тому

    beautiful, amazing. thank you

  • @super_sayf
    @super_sayf 3 роки тому +1

    I thought you had 800k subs until I looked at the comments. This is next level, well done

  • @lizardbeeboy
    @lizardbeeboy 3 роки тому

    I don't know why youtube has been recommending me some really interesting videos lately but I like it

  • @levitycreations
    @levitycreations 2 роки тому

    This was a great video! Could you do a secondary follow up video covering the topics mentioned at the end of the video ! That would be amazing!

  • @snowcrashshaftoe
    @snowcrashshaftoe 3 роки тому

    this channel deserve a lot more subs!!

  • @thianesh9097
    @thianesh9097 2 роки тому

    WOW! Well made.. Nailed it👌

  • @TheJosephStalin420
    @TheJosephStalin420 3 роки тому

    So that's where the advance mathematics and CFD equations come to play in real life! Also I thought I'd never be seeing those iterative equation solving methods. You've no idea what this video is to an enthusiastic mechanical engineer! Thanks alot!

  • @ishdx9374
    @ishdx9374 3 роки тому

    this is a hidden gem of a channel

  • @Daverinoe
    @Daverinoe 3 роки тому +11

    So I've just recently started on a computational fluid dynamics journey myself, so I was Stokes-d (sorry) to see your video! I love this video, and am really looking forward to your next ones!
    I often struggle with the disconnect between math on the page, and code on the screen, and learn best by having examples to pick apart. So, will you be planning to have some comprehension implementation / code videos?

  • @AndrewPa
    @AndrewPa 7 місяців тому

    well done - good presentation

  • @HubsterPL
    @HubsterPL 3 роки тому +1

    You are amazing, I don't remember ever clikcing the bell button, but today I did.

  • @strangeWaters
    @strangeWaters 3 роки тому

    ive always been mystified by navier stokes so super looking forward to watching this series

  • @deathTurgenev
    @deathTurgenev 2 роки тому

    Great stuff, thank you

  • @Michallote
    @Michallote 2 роки тому

    Whoa man, awesome job your channel is going big soon enough just keep doing quality content like this! How do you recommend me start implementing this for my very first fluid simulation? My main issue is just where to start for making the graphics and data structures for the grid and display of vectors. Which programming paradigm is best for this kind of endeavour?

  • @magneat
    @magneat 3 роки тому +1

    Dude, thank you so much!

  • @darkmagic543
    @darkmagic543 2 роки тому

    Great video, thank you

  • @GreatNini
    @GreatNini 3 роки тому

    Thank you for the high quality video! I am really curious what you will cover next. If I can suggest something, I would like to see you taking care of the Lattice Boltzmann method! It is a really interesting method compared to the classical CFD approaches and is extremely accurate but still has a very simple algorithm. Keep up the great work! Subscribed :)

  • @mysteryfacebookgirl
    @mysteryfacebookgirl 2 роки тому

    Wow! This is an incredible video.

  • @pixboi
    @pixboi 3 роки тому +1

    Great video, earned yourself another subscriber

  • @fermiLiquidDrinker
    @fermiLiquidDrinker 3 роки тому +5

    I just got this video in my recommended, and hot damn it's well done! You could probably make something like density functional theory or quantum hydrodynamics understandable to a kindergartner.