The Nervous System, Part 1: Crash Course Anatomy & Physiology #8
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- Опубліковано 20 тра 2024
- Today Hank kicks off our look around MISSION CONTROL: the nervous system.
Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App!
Download it here for Apple Devices: apple.co/3d4eyZo
Download it here for Android Devices: bit.ly/2SrDulJ
Chapters:
Introduction: Hank's Morning Routine 00:00
Nervous System Functions: Sensory Input, Integration, and Motor Output 1:17
Organization of Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems 2:16
Neurons & Glial Cells 3:42
Central Nervous System Glial Cells: Astrocytes, Microglial, Ependymal, and Oligodendrocytes 4:17
Peripheral Nervous System Glial Cells: Satellite and Schwann 4:56
Cool Neuron Facts! 5:15
Neuron Structure 6:20
Classifying Neuron Structures: Multipolar, Bipolar, and Unipolar 7:00
Classifying Neuron Functionality: Sensory (Afferent), Motor (Efferent), Interneurons (Association) 7:47
Review 9:42
Credits 10:14
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10% of views: people studying the field
10% of views: curious people
80% of views: students the day before an exam
I'm just curious
Curious
preparing for college
Curious
dont call me out
Three principle functions:
- SENSORY INPUT (nervous system senses the spider on your leg)
- INTEGRATION (your nervous system processes the input, and decides what should be done about it)
- MOTOR INPUT (your hand shakes off the spider, it's a response that occurs when your nervous system activates certain parts of your body)
NERVOUS SYSTEM DIVISION
--- CENTRAL nervous system - CNS
- brain
- spine cord
--- PERIPHERAL nervous system - PNS
- around your body
- SENSORY DIVISION (afferent) - picks up a sensory stimuli
- MOTOR DIVISION (efferent) - sends directions from your brain to muscles and glands
- SOMATIC nervous system - voluntary (skeletal movement)
- AUTONOMIC nervous system - involuntary (heart, stomach, lungs)
- SYMPATHETIC - sends the body into action
- PARASYMPATHETIC - relaxes the body
- Neurons (small part of your nervous tissue)
- Glial cells (50% of mass of your brain)
- provide support, nutrition, insulation, and help with signal transmission in the nervous system
- GLIAL CELL TYPES
- CNS
- ASTROCYSTES - support, regulate ions, exchange materials between neurons and capillary
- MICROGLIAL CELLS - defense against invading microorganisms
- EPENDYMAL CELLS - create, secrete and circulate cerebrospinal fluid
- OLIGODENDROCYTES - wrap and insulate, form myelin sheath
- PNS
- SATELLITE CELLS - surround neuron cell bodies
- SCHWANN CELLS - insulate, help form myelin sheath
1. Neurons are some of the longest-lived cells in your body.
2. Neurons are irreplaceable. Most are AMITOCIT - when they get assigned a role, they can't divide anymore.
3. Neurons have huge appetites. They need a lot of oxygen and glucose. About 25% of daily calories are consumed by your brain
NEURON STRUCTURE:
- Soma - cell body
- Dendrites- listeners
- Axons- talkers
NEURON TYPES:
MULTIPOLAR neurons
- three or more processes
- one axon, bunch of dendrites
BIPOLAR neurons
- one axon, one dendrite (found in special places - retina of your eye)
UNIPOLAR neurons
- have only one process (found in your sensory receptors)
NEURON FUNCTIONS:
SENSORY neurons - afferent neurons
-> transmit inpulses from sensory receptors toward the CNS
-> mostly unipolar
MOTOR neurons - efferent neurons
-> impulse moves from the CNS to the rest of the body
-> mostly multipolar
INTERNEURONS - association neurons
-> impulse moves between sensory and motor neurons
-> mostly multipolar
Why am I paying for college
For the degree
mangaka08. How long did thatt kto rite?
@@chloroplast8611 😂😂😂
The parties fam
tis is high school stuff. I use it for college too but it doesn't cover even half of what I am learning in the classroom.
Hank: Imagine a spider walking on your knee
Me: I would really rather not
good.
Same
I literally understand more about this topic in these 10 minutes than I did in my 2 hour lecture
same is the case with me...
same
me too
The animations help a lot
+Aliyah Price
I swear it's like you guys have telepathic powers that awaken whenever a biology student is in distress.
BIO STUDENT AID POWERS ACTIVATE!
-Nicole
+taren pineset doing a bio project right now lol.. THANK YOU CRASH COURSE
+CrashCourse +1 subscriber
So true
anatomy student struggles be gone. you now understand stuff
my 6 yr old loves u, and says she likes learning from u because "u sound like a funny guy who knows a lot of things" 😂
AWWWW so sweet
awwww cute
Well that's what he is
Well that's what he is
Thats so cute
Who is system and why is he so nervous?
you deserve all my tuition fees
@Johnny Lee I'll take that offer. HAHA
icekrn yep, instructor at my school just used these and she was otherwise useless. Sorry not sorry.
I can sum my bio 152 class into 10 crash course videos😭😭
@Corleone what a jerk
Don't just say, do it.
I'm glad I'm not the only one who draws cells with smiley faces.
I love you Crash Course
Way more fun that way.
-Nicole
CrashCourse yeah coz learning we have to add dumb shit to illustrations that has nothing to do with the subject.
maysee traysee Well that was uplifting...
Frida Sg Yeah I put smiley face to for the nucleus! : )
+maysee traysee Here we have most likely a 15~ year old edge-meister who thinks being adult or smart means being objective and seeing things in black and white.
You need to sell plushies of the cells
Brian Lu I know right they're so cute
YES
my life would be complete
Brian Lu agreed
that would be awesome!!!!
i watched the whole thing then i realized i wasn’t paying attention the whole time 🤦♀️
i need to rewatch it
Story of my life. I def need a glossary
good.
That adhd haha
your videos are better than school
anything is better than school
my teacher makes us take notes of this videos every new unit and makes comments on where she wants us to write down some extra or where to leave out. so ya, crash course is pretty damn amazing.
Dude i'm ready to read the same boring book for 24 h straight for not going to school for about 6 hours
They are
these videos are my school. I'm homeschooled
I recently got a job at a hospital as an intraoperative neurodiagnostic technician and I'm here refreshing my knowledge of Anatomy. I watched this series when I was deployed and finally got the chance to use it in the real world. Thank you, Crash Course.
Adam Felibrico that's so cool! I've watched all the series but neuroscience fascinates me the most and I think it's my future
How's your career going now?
are you from indian if yes my dad told me that a lot of you work as doctors!!
@@lindaw5695 Depends how old your dad is and where he is from. It's not that there are loads of doctors and nurses here. But essentially since after WWII it became too expensive and time consuming(at least 6 years before specialization) to train your own medical staff in the West. So Britian eg used its former colonies building the post war national health service on Indian doctors. You'll find most Western countries do similar things though that leads to a reaction often from former immigrants trying to limit immigration because who wants foreigners in their country. To relate this to the integumentary system immigration rules build the wall suspend green cards etc are like the skin barrier. Commercial product wipes out the indigenous homeostasis (pongy oils instead of becoming health care workers you train to be bankers and lawyers becuase there's more money in it for you) and then you need more product (selective immigration) to do the job of protecting your skin. Bit of a stretch but yeah there wold be a lot more doctors in India if they all came back home.
So basically all of the cells in our nervous system are adorable.
not really they are just wanting you to see the cell more clearly
@@lindaw5695 OMG PARTY POOPER
shiju paul lol ikr
SOOO CUTE IT WAS DISTRACTING LMAO
I love his english pronunciation, I'm practiciong english while I develop my english skills.
I'm from Venezuela and I send Greetings for everyone.
omg those cells are so cute
you need to sell them as plushies
im dying omg
haha!so true!
SELLING cells? THATS like SELLING livers ect right? they Both are made from something alive..
+Andrew Hedge illegal i think
TYT ☢ XYZ I too want cell plushies.
I have one
Afferent = arriving. Efferent = exiting. You're welcome :-)
YOU, my friend, are amazing. I've been trying to come up with something to remember those two for the past hour.
Stacy Stanton you are so freaking awesome for that!!!!
Can't take credit. I read it in on a nursing site. Nursing students use A LOT of mnemonics and cool tricks to memorize info.
Bless you
Stacy Stanton thank you!
Why do I go to school for 7 hours a day when I can watch these
@@brianchao7354 because you wont commit to interrupt whatever you were doing to watch this every day
Why go to school at all? Except for gym class and swimming. Textbooks are full of lies. I dont remember any of it anyways
Actually my brain hurts. Gonna have to watch this 20 times
GreenDog yeah bro
Anybody else watching this the day before getting tested on it? lol
I have a unit test on the nervous and endocrine system tomorrow, that's 120 pages and i havent started studying till now :)))))))
sadly :(
Y'all lucky I'm watching this thirty minutes before teaching it
@@antuanlemon484 you won 😂😂😂😂
lmao yup. got a test tomorrow
I find more joy and actual learning from this 10 min video, rather than my 2 hour 45 min lecture my prof gives. Thank you Crash Course.
malingkas do u learn this in college or university what are you major in
mimo sandro you can learn it in both , I’m currently learning it in college so I can transfer , just needed a science course without lab
He was extra funny this episode.
"There's no things!!! There's things..."
"Go around screaming.... SPIDER!"
+Chelsea Grise totally agree,
and also the part where they say 'gah spider',
body sways leg.
no
"scream when you saw the spider or remove it with dignity", my fave line haha
Just to let you know, I'm watching this nervous system series to brush up on my basics as I'm writing a lit review for publication about chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy XD Just wanted to let you know while these videos are awesome for those in AP bio/high school/college, us professionals also very very much appreciate the fun animation and clear-cut explanations as a way to brush up on our basics before having to talk in depth about glial cells and astrocytes and such. Thank you, Hank and team!
nop
Motor Output: The response that occurs when your Nervous System activates certain parts of your body.
Key:
(MC)”word”: if its behind the word then it means it branches from it
“word”(MC):means is it’s the nervous system or (NS) that it may have branches.
Central Nervous System(CNS):
Brain and spinal cord.
Main control center.
Peripheral Nervous System(PNS):
All the nerves that branch off from the brain and spine that allow your CNS to communicate with the rest of your body.
Works in both directions (PNS)
Sensory Division(SD):
Picks up sensory stimuli.
Motor Division(MD):
Sends directions from your Brain to Muscles and Glands.
(MD)Sematic Nervous System(SNS): voluntary
rules skeletal muscle movement.
(MD)Autonomic Nervous System(ANS): involuntary
keeps your heart beating.
(ANS)Sympathetic Nervous System:
Mobilizes the body into action
(ANS)parasympathetic:
Relaxes the body
Astrocytes (Nervous System):
Exchanges materials between neurons and capillaries.
Microglial Cells(MC):
Immune defense against invading microorganisms.
(MC)Satellite Cells:
Surround and support Neuron cell bodies.
(MC)Schwan Cells:
Produce an insulating barrier called by Myelin Sheath.
Crazy facts about neurons:
1.They are the longest-lived cells in the human body.
2.They are irreplaceable.
3.They have huge appetites
HERE ARE SOME NOTES IF YOU NEED THEM THE KEY MAY HELP YOU
Regina Romero You’re* :3
Thank you!! Lifesaver!
What?
Hank, in these past few years you have matured into one of the greatest communicator's and educator's on You-tube. I watch out of interest and thirst for knowledge not for help with an education program as many do, so I can only image how highly valued these video's are with those who are. Though this great resource was not available for my children's generation , I find it comforting to know that you will be here for my Grandchildren Damon and Jasmine when they need you. Thank you and every one involved.
First the nail through the foot, now a damn spider on my bare skin. Seriously Hank, it's like you're trying your hardest to make these examples as potent as possible.
Potent examples help you to remember. :)
they do get your attention better
keep calm and... AAAAH SPIDER!!!!!!!!
Hank is basically a scientific pewdiepie who doesn't swear. And yes, I meant that as a good thing.
My thoughts exactly! Especially when I heard him 1:58-2:00 lol
not swearing is a bad thing tho.
He’s supposed to be family friendly that’s why
this is how you spell peweepie pewtiepie
@@mucpougaming6092 How
Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App!
Download it here for Apple Devices: apple.co/3d4eyZo
Download it here for Android Devices: bit.ly/2SrDulJ
Thankyou CrashCourse, very cool !!
Thank you sir I know little bite english but you speak English very awesome sir
Great timing! I have a Nervous System test for Bio tomorrow!
High five! me too!
Livelify Tomas Hollan Woo! Good luck!
-Nicole
it seems like every video is the week after my test for every subject I have in common. unfortunate.
I will take that test about 4-12 year from now.
This was absolutely horrendous timing for me. I had a a test on the Nervous System for Physiology yesterday.
Oh my gawsh! So many adorable little nerve cells! I might pass out from cuteness overload!😍😱😍
I know! If only they were that adorable in real life. Actually, wait, no...that would mean each cell has a face, which means each cell is infinitely more complex than a single cell ought to be, which means AGH THE COMPLEXITY.
Valar Morghulis The animated ones with the happy little faces.
*****
But your neurons would be happy, and that's all that matters :P
+IceMetalPunk Lol ikr?
I'm so blessed to have such a good anatomy teacher at school, but these videos really help me put it all together visually in my head. Thank you so much for helping us struggling students out :')
I can't get over how well done this series is. Thank you for saving my bacon in school and making these subjects engaging and enjoyable!
learned more in 10.5 minutes than I did in all my lectures covering this material at school, THANKS!
does crashcourse offer any worksheets perhaps? these videos are extremely hopeful, but i'd love for them to have an accompanying test just to check if we retained all the information we were watching. that'd be rad.
Make your own. By the time you are done you will have memorized it all.
Quizlet helps alot!! They have worksheets/quizzes/ and flashcards tests that help!
lordmasterization great idea...im definetly taking notes
Noooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo
Just googled crash course's website to see if they had it, that would really help with retention. I love crash course.
I wish my professor explained the topic in this manner. Very effective breakdown. Thanks for the effort always. Hands down the best channel for bio lessons!
You can't overCELL the importance of the nervous system.
Okay, I'll go away
There were no replies to this comment and that bothered me. So here is a reply.
Freyjaa Singh Kirti lol i was about to see the cool reply, but then i saw ur reply lol
Freyjaa Singh Kirti haha appreciate it!
Yes, but actually no, because you are simultaneously gone and still here. How would we know?
Ik this is 2 years old BUT I THOUGHT THE SAME THING HAHAHAH
OMG!! I'm so glad I subscribed!!
Yay! We are too!
-Nicole
CrashCourse Yay! We're all happy WOOO! But seriously these videos are brilliant!
Humans make me happy :) especially when they just wanna help each other being awesome.
*clears throat* Yo Crashcorse the allmighty knowledge bringer!! Can you tell me what the artist's name is that has created what it is that music's at the end of your shows?
I Really really really really like Really want to know, its such a light, productive, happy sound and yeap :p
+CtpThinkalot Bannanas lol
Reverse уour mеmoory lоss in 14 dayуs twitter.com/7b3c9fb14125d6cd5/status/804578733948444672 The Nеrvous System Paart 1 Crаsh Coursееee А Р 8
I don't know if you read these comments, but I cannot thank you enough for making these videos! I have an amazing AP professor, but I'm such a visual person that your videos help me to make sense of what she is teaching. ALSO, as a hard of hearing person, THANK YOU for providing accurate subtitles that follow your rate of speech (which I'm sure is not an easy thing to do).
These videos are a perfect example of how learning things does not have to be boring. It's all in the way they are presented. I remember going over stuff like this in HS/college and it was all just facts. You make it all come to life ❤️
I have learned more in this 10 minutes than the entire year of school.
I got distracted by the cute neurones...
ME TOO! They were so cute!!
Actually same
OhMirawr
OhMirawr me too
Same
That little leg shake at 3:18 was priceless, it absolutely made my day!
Just again, wow. You guys at crash course are awesome. Using this in my science class for an overview of the human organ systems and it's much appreciated.
Watching these as I finish up my prerequisites for med school!
The history and literature videos helped me so much in high school, and these are helping me in the "real world" too!
I'm sorry but did anyone else laugh so hard when he said "there's things" 0:57
Tatenda Mahaka i didnt u derstand oh gid
This was by far the most helpful and amazing sort course! I study psychology and this channel has helped a lot through exams and tests. Thank you so much and keep up the awesome work!
I have not been this engaged and excited about science since Bill Nye the science guy! Keep up the great work.
This is a beautifully made video (graphics, script, and oral presentation) and covers an enormous amount of information in only 10 minutes. Excellent work!
I feel like this video is highly biased. Of course the brain would say it's the most important organ. :P
It's very sneaky and self-important like that.
-Nicole
Yeah, screw the brain, what would you do without your sweet sweet fingers!?
Svakalegt Or toes, apparently once having a toe some how leave your body it is Really hard to get used to it with all sorts of balance issues or so I've heard.
But without the brain, none of these would do anything
Darshan Shah my brain was opened
Loving this series so much, it's absolutely fascinating!
Thanks so much to C.C. as my A&P teacher is beyond dull and almost useless as a college-level instructor. This guy is funny and "animated" and seems to "live" this material. His humor and clarity have helped me because I've had to, mostly, teach myself the A&P I'm doing this semester. A good teacher is a unique type of person, and I'd say this guy's got that "special something". Thank you from a struggling student. Warm Regards.
Teacher of the year right here. Thank you so much, Crash Course, you guys are invaluable!
Thank you so much for making these videos! I am trying to get through nursing school. I am currently taking A&P and it is a lot of information to take in. Your videos help a lot. I'm more of a visual learner and all of your cartoon images help me understand a little more. Our lectures should consist of your videos. Lol. You're awesome! Keep doing what you're doing!
I love all of Thought Cafe´s simple illustrations while still making them super-adorable. I really want Crash Course to make cell plushies or an Anatomy and Physiology book with those illustrations by Thought Cafe and written by Hank. That would be my must-get book.
I’m watching this to get to know my body better. I have fibromyalgia (overactive nerves). It helps to know how the system is supposed to work. Thank you for explaining in a way i can understand! Keep up the good work! 😊
Thank you crash course for making A&P easier to understand .. love it
I've been watching the biology videos this whole time. I feel so relieved they made these! MCAT studying made easier!
All I want is a CrashCourse's class everyday in every subject! For anatomy I watched this channel is awesome
I wish I could work for you guys!! I love crash course. It helps me learn new things, and stay brushed up on the old. Thank you for all that you do!
I'm so glad these videos exist! So informative yet entertaining. Many many thanks!
You guys will keep making scientists! Just mind blowing! Hats off!
"THERE'S...NO THINGS- there's things..."
lol gets me every time
best
Benjamin Natividad I loved this too
when you have an existential crisis in the first minute of a video
Haha! So rel@table!!!>
this channel is an actual blessing and I love it with my whole soul
I love that this was made in 2015 and I'm watching it for my college a&p course in 2022 - my professor literally posts these for us to watch.
This guy is hilarious! I feel so lost in my A&P class, then I watch these videos and all the sudden it makes sense! I actually enjoying learning about this when he is talking---My Proff. should take some notes
Thank you soo much ! helped me a lot. This 10 minutes helped me than a 5hr lecture!!
These videos are so helpful during quarantine :)
Thanks Crash Course!
amazing!!!sooooooo much more interesting then college..... teaches everything in less time!
thanx for your effort.
"Hey hand part, how bout you do something bout the spider" LMAO
The best part hahahah
2:57
How do they do their research so fast? I learn more here than I do in a month researching things on my own. It almost makes me self-concsious...
Ethan McDonald they get help from an actual professor/teacher who already had the info/lectures so they just have to present it and make images
I'm studying to be a masseuse and learning all about the anatomy. The module information I have is lots of written work and a little overwhelming! Your videos are a huge help to me. You break down the key facts into more bite size info! Thank you! :D :D I can now actually process this!
This channel has elped me in so many ways, with exams projects or even just to be etrentained, but especially the courses "anatomy & physiology" and "history" this two channels are the best
you guys are helping me in a fun way to study for exams
Omg!! Thank you . You make it so easy to study ❤️❤️❤️❤️
This whole series of crash courses are really awesome, good, informative, useful and entertaining. Thank you! :-)
thanks for making funny science videos it rlly helps me study and take notes.its better watching this than it is reading some boring thing my teacher gave me... so again this was very helpful thanks :)
Almost 5 years later and this is still incredibly helpful - love crash course
Sympathetic: Fight or Flight, Parasympathetic: Rest and Digest :)
Nice...wait was that a Standard Deviants reference...if not that's basically what they said.
Thank you so much for the lesson and the deep knowledge that you have provided. It helped me a lot with the first steps in understanding the nervous system's structure and function.
35 Slides into 10 minutes. love it! That you so much
I don't think I would pass my exam tomorrow if it wasn't for your amazing videos Crash Course!! Sending lots of love! Thank you!
Learning is so much funner when everything has a stupidly cute grin. :D
I love your work. May God bless you all. You are the best biology teachers I've ever seen
thank you a lot man, this's a huge help with my studies and in uni, and it's all so intersting to know and learn! you explained everything in a wonderful way that id never forget! i hope you find good in your life.
Omg I am so happy to have found this channel!!! You guys are a gift lol I was panicking over my Anatomy exam
Weird! We were talking about what happens when you burn your tongue this morning. I guess we'll just get a crash course!
Seeker I just use this to help me pass that pesky biology exam. :)
you copy videos of crash course your bad
hey ,if anyone else wants to uncover anatomy and physiology study tools try Pycanta Quick Anatomy Protocol (do a search on google ) ? Ive heard some pretty good things about it and my co-worker got amazing results with it.
Thank you so much. When ever something does not make sense in class I come home and watch a video pertaining to what we learned and you just explain it so well!
I did 4 pages of notes from this one 10 minute video, i learned more from this one video than i would in a 3 days of regular science class. Thanks Hank Green this helped me with notes I had to take for a science project
Dang these videos have become even better at teaching biology, thank you!
OMG laughed so hard at :50
"There's no things! ... there's things."
This is the best youtube channel ever
Whenever I want to learn extra about something I go to Crash Course
Please keep making videos for other subjects too!!!!!!!!!!!!
Love your videos. I usually watch it at 0.75 speed because it is new information to me, but it is helping me stay consistent with my learning.
Who else is watching this because their teacher just gives out handouts instead of answering questions, lecturing, and creating good PowerPoints in order to help us properly learn the course material?
I have a sneaking suspicion it's more than just me.
the spider looked so cutesy :D
Nothing to be afraid of here! Just your friendly, adorable, neighborhood Thought Café animated spider.
-Nicole
he needs to be a more regular feature, spiders are so misunderstood! Unlike wasps, wasps are super meanies :S
No. Just... no. Kinetic bombardment from orbit is the only solution.
lowelife101
Man, I hate wasp. #SourcefedNerdCrossreference
That was actually a really good artistic representation of a jumping spider.
They're harmless (not significantly venomous) and only bite if you make them. Better yet, a few species are super-curious and will actively explore you. Really fascinating stuff.
seriously......what have been trying to understand for the past few days.......u explained it in a way i think i can never forget in my whole life.....THANK YOU.......
Sir I love how you teach and the energy you have,thanks for serving the society the best.
Adult neurogenesis is definitely a thing. I can understand why you might think it's still an unanswered question, since conclusive evidence has only been discovered in the past decade and your resident expert probably graduated long before then. But even from basics, odour receptors (technically neurons) turn over about once a month. Here's an article so you're not just listening to a stranger on the internet, you can listen to a peer reviewed stranger! www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3106107/
Yea, I thought that was common knowledge.
I'm sure that Hank and the person who wrote the script for this video are aware of the existence of some limited neurogenesis, but for the most part, your neurons can't be replaced, and there is a limited amount of detail that can be covered in 10 minutes. I'm sure their expert, who probable graduated before you were born, didn't stop studying new advances in the field he's interested in when he graduated from college. Graduating from college is just the foundation for learning in a science field, not the end of learning.
This video was just a basic overview of the nervous system.
The only educational videos I don't have to put at 1.5x speed
Finally an adhd friendly learning style. I can undetstand this withouth my meds. Fast, fun, colorful and spontenous.