Volatile Oil Containing Drug (Part 02) = Coriander & Cinnamon (Source, Description, Chemicals & Use)

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1. Introduction to Volatile Oil by Solution Pharmacy in Hindi • Class (60) = Volatile ...
2. Volatile Oil Containing Drug (Part 1) by Solution Pharmacy • Volatile Oil Containin...
CORIANDER
Biological Source
Coriander consists of dried ripe fruits of Coriandrum sativum Linn., belonging to family Umbelliferae.
Geographical Sources
Cultivated in Central and Eastern Europe, particularly in Russia, Hungary, in Africa and India. In India it is cultivated in Maharashtra, U.P., Rajasthan, Jammu, and Kashmir. It is also found in a antiwild state in the east of England.
Characteristics
The fruit is a cremocarp, subspherical in shape, Yellowish-brown in colour. The size of the fruit is 3 to 4 mm in diameter, with aromatic odour, and spicy, aromatic taste.
Chemical Constituents
Coriander consist of about 1% of volatile oil the chief volatile components are D-(+)-linalool (coriandrol), along with other constituents like, borneol, p-cymene, camphor, geraniol, limonene, and alpha-pinenes. The fruits also contain fatty oil and hydroxycoumarins. The fatty oils include acids of petroselic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid, whereas the hydroxycoumarins include the umbelliferone and scopoletine.
Uses
Aromatic, carminative, stimulant, alterative, antispasmodic, diaphoretic and flavouring agent. It is also used as refriger-ant, tonic, appetizer, diuretic, aphrodisiac, and stomachic. Coriander can be applied externally for rheumatism and painful joints. The infusion of decoction of dried fruit of cardamom is useful for the treatment of sore-throat, indigestion, vomiting, flatulence, and other intestinal dis-orders.
CINNAMON
Biological Source
Cinnamon is the dried inner bark of the coppiced shoots of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Nees., belonging to family Lauraceae.
Geographical Sources
Cinnamomum zeylanicum is widely cultivated in Ceylon, Java, Sumatra, West Indies, Brazil, Mauritius, Jamaica, and India.
Chemical Constituents
Cinnamon contains about 10% of volatile oil, tannin, mucilage, calcium oxalate and sugar. Volatile oil contains 50 to 65% cinnamic aldehyde, along with 5 to 10% eugenol, terpene hydrocarbons and small quantities of ketones and alcohols.
Chemical Tests
1. A drop of volatile oil is dissolved in 5 ml of alcohol and to it a drop of ferric chloride is added, A pale green colour is produced. Cinnamic aldehyde gives brown colour with ferric chloride, whereas eugenol gives blue colour.
2. The alcoholic extract is treated with phenylhydrazine hydrochloride, it produces red colour due to the formation of phenylhydrazone of cinnamic aldehyde.
Uses
It is used as an alterative, aromatic, carminative, flavouring agent, analgesic, antiseptic, antirheumatic, antispasmodic, demulcent, digestive, expectorant, stomachic, diaphoretic, antibacterial, antifungal, etc. It stops vomiting, relieves flatulence and as astringents for diarrhoea and haemorrhage of the womb. It is also used in the treatment of bronchitis, colds, palpitations, nausea, congestion, and liver problems.
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