I love watching your videos, you are not only iteresting and intelligent but also so down to earth and not to metion really pretty too, hope you don't mind me saying so
Its this sort of thing that has rekindled my thirst for knowledge..especially a subject like this...and I'm now 67 years old...thank you ❤ From London England
Hi Kayleigh. Your video was very informative and interesting. Also wanted to say that I've seen short videos of you singing and WOW... you have quite a lovely singing voice! I was pleasantly surprised.
So funny, I was literally just talking about this site with my parents a few hours ago, however, I couldn’t remember too much because it’s been a little while since I came across the information. Then I checked my notifications and here this video is! Serendipity! It seems like every time we make the effort to look, we find something new, something older than we expect. The paradigm of history is shifting! Another great video, Kayleigh!
Another great video On the matter of ochre colours, from Wikipedia: Ochre is a family of earth pigments, which includes yellow ochre, red ochre, purple ochre, sienna, and umber. The major ingredient of all the ochres is iron(III) oxide-hydroxide, known as limonite, which gives them a yellow colour. * Yellow ochre, FeO(OH)·nH2O, is a hydrated iron hydroxide (limonite) also called gold ochre. * Red ochre, Fe2O3, takes its reddish colour from the mineral hematite, which is an anhydrous iron oxide. * Purple ochre is identical to red ochre chemically but of a different hue caused by different light diffraction properties associated with a greater average particle size. * Brown ochre, also FeO(OH), (goethite), is a partly hydrated iron oxide. * Sienna contains both limonite and a small amount of manganese oxide (less than 5%), which makes it darker than ochre. * Umber pigments contain a larger proportion of manganese (5-20%), which makes them a dark brown Evidence of the processing of ochre to a lesser extent, in Africa and Europe has been dated by archaeologists to 300,000 years ago, evidence of use in Australia is dated to 50,000 years ago, and new research has uncovered evidence in Asia that is dated to 40,000 years ago. Ochre has uses other than as paint: "tribal peoples alive today . . . use either as a way to treat animal skins or else as an insect repellent, to staunch bleeding, or as protection from the sun. Ochre may have been the first medicament."
@@HistoryWithKayleigh I just did a quick search on Wiki when I saw a few people in the chat asking about ochre. I was not previous aware of all the colours it came in, though it makes sense given that it was used for the cave paintings. Likewise, I had no idea of its medicinal properties.
@@elvacoburg1279 Excellent contribution to the discussion. And yes ochre is a coagulant. In fact our modern battle dressings contain thio iron oxide, essentially synthetic purified ochre. The ability of your blood to clot, that is red cells to adhere together is controlled by a complex organic molecule in the blood called vitamine K or clotting factor. This in turn bith depends upon and is regulated by the concentration of free iron in the blood. Upon injury red blood cells that are damaged release iron compounds into the immediate area which initiate clotting. The artificial addition of iron from ochre or a battle dressing further enhances this clotting effect, thus limiting blood loss. That’s how it works. A very old trick that we seem to learn over and over through time. Fox out.
China is geologically very turbulent region. They get massive earthquakes with thousands of casualties. We may then assert it is fortunate discovering anything so ancient.
The more findings of homo sapiens functioning further back in time helps force refinement of futurists hypothesis on humanity's limits to endure far from now. Awesome sauce.
I like the term "hoard" which always reminds me of when they found the Sutton Hoo hoard This discovery could help researchers study the cultural links between the groups Thank you Kayleigh🤗👍
I wonder if "hoards" of stone tools that have been found represent tool caches at seasonal campsites of semi nomadic family groups or clans. The tools may have been suited to the specific tasks being or hunting being done in that season. Remember. Everything these people used needed to be carried on their backs.
@@badfairy9554 Tools (1) made from organic materials certainly played a role. Everything from spear shafts to snares. Just how far back do certain items go. Cordage made from vegetable matter is just one. Basketry? Sowen clothing or packs? Bone or other organic cutting tools. 1) Tools includes weapons
I recall it being suggested that the use of bamboo tools may have been the reason that there are less stone tools found in the archaeological record of south east Asia.
Of course, advances weren’t likely to spread out from one region, but rather multidirectional, as people travelled back and forth from one area to another, bringing new found ideas, food, culture, music and innovations along with them…..very much as in more recent history. It makes perfect sense!
I love your channel. Autistic adult child here with an interest in history, my special interest specifically is medical history (I would LOVEEE if you could do some sorta video about that). Also, I enjoyed reading Clan of the Cave Bear, if you haven't read it already, I definitely suggest it; it's explores the possibility of interaction between Homosapiens and Cro-Magnon humans.
Hypothesising is important. It’s how fellow archeologists throw ideas back and forth between each other. Then this refined hypothesis will give them the ability to go into the field and decide on the best sites to dig as they are guided by the educated hypothesis built by many scholars. ie: Let’s dig over there as we hypothesised they lived in caves in mountain sides where there was a river close by. Or some such thing.
Exactly! The very best plans for such expeditions are drawn up on bar napkins where intoxicating spirits free the mind to think thoughts outside the box. The problem comes when your project plan is swept away with the last round or you review your clutch of napkins the next day and can’t quite put it all together. Fox out.
You might consider addressing the significance of ochre and micro-blades at some point. I intuit that most herein don’t really relate to ochre. Briefly, ochre is any number of iron bearing minerals found in rock. Today we think of it mostly in terms of primitive decoration. It was and is much more. Select stones, usually sandstone was abraded with harder igneous stone to produce a very fine powder. Usually yellow in color, raw yellow ochre. Mixed with tree resin and a bit of water the ocher reacted in a process of iron oxidation called hydration that in turn reacted with resin to create an adhesive. Glue if you like. This adhesive allowed micro blades of chert or flint to be set into wood shafts creating an entire class of tools that rivalled the efficiency of solid stone tools such as the Clovis point. But with an entirely different technology. Yellow ochre, hydrated with water and roasted over a fire produced red ochre. This was used as a pigment in paintings, additive for adhesives and most importantly in the tanning of animal hides. The presence of ochre speaks to their ability to conduct chemistry for a desired effect. They also had to have some form of container in which to roast ochre to get red ochre. Finding red ochre signals the presence of 2-3 other parallel technologies. You may not find a pot or stone vessel, but it or something similar was there. Yellow ochre can’t be simply burned in the fire. Mingling with the ashes negates its use. It must be roasted wet to hydrate it. This requires a fireproof container. It had to exist. Even if you failed to find it. So too did a dedicated grinding system. To properly hydrate ochre has to be ground to a very fine powder. Finer than flour. Free of sand-like impurities. So finding red ochre and micro blades is a big deal. It points to a divergent technology. Your not chipping and flaking large blades and attaching them to a shaft with pitch and sinew. Your taking the chips from your large blade and gluing them to a shaft without bindings to make what essentially would be considered a serrated blade today. This find is a big deal.
@@patcook5472 Thank you Pat. I’m educated, not smart. And my personality is such that ai don’t want a channel. I prefer to support those such as Kayleigh who, by their personality, are good direct teachers. There is a substantial difference. See you in the comments. Fox out.
In one of Denis Stanford's* talks (they're out there on UA-cam) he talked about how if archeologists could just get to work in Siberia they'd be able to find Clovis or pre Clovis tools. Post 1991 with the fall of the Soviet Union they were able to get access. What was there was mainly micro blade technology. *Regardless of one feels about Stanford and some of his work I doubt he was living in a fantasy world. He followed the evidence where it led him.
@@mpetersen6 Stanford is indeed impressive. He is correct in that no Clovis like technology has been found in Siberia, east Asia, Alaska or Canada. While the evidentiary link to solution technology for Clovis is very close. Right now his group from the Smithsonian is looking at artefacts from the Great Lakes area that have many similarities to European Neanderthal tool from 60,000 years ago. That combined with finds in California and Nebraska suggest some type of pre Clovis homo in america up to 130,000 years ago. My hunch is eventually we will find erectus or a younger species here before sapians. But no hard evidence yet to support that. Most stones, no bones. It’s a big puzzle.
@@MrJento What part of the Great Lakes region. Right now I'm sitting in my living room about ten miles from the mammoth sites in SE Wisconsin. While I do think that human habitation of the Americas goes back farther than currently accepted. I'm not sure about that far back. Plus the meltdown of the Western and Laurentide Ice Caps released huge volumes of melt water that poured out into the World Ocean through the Actic, St Lawrence, Mississippi and Western watershed. These massive floods drastically altered landscapes on the local level at least. These floods could have erased evidence of previous occupation simply because the best locations for inhabitation was likely along water courses. If one looks at Google Maps or Goohle Earth in the topographic mode a lot of things in the landscape such as the spillways that these floods drained through stick out like a sore thumb.
There seems to be some really interesting archaeology in China. I haven't seen much on it. Also there is some really cool pyramids there (might make a good video...🕵🏼♀️). Great job as always Kayleigh!
Along with lots of dinosaurs. But then the Chinese have been digging up dinosaur fossils for centuries as dragon bones for cultural medicines. One eo ders just how many fossils were destroyed in the trade.
Yeah, it's so interesting. Their country takes up huge and complex geographic area. The state just doesn't allow any non-chinese culture come to light. Do you remember those indo European mummies. They were about 6ft tall, had blonde and red hair, and even wore plaid tartans. Most of their artifacts had direct ties to western Europe. Their DNA proved European ancestry. A few years ago, Their DNA was "re-examined". Well you can imagine what the "results" showed. I hate it for the racist that get hung up on populations in different areas. All "races" have been moving around for as long as we have been around. We have been competing and "exchanging genetic material" forever.
I had to pause the video and Google ochre because I can be ignorant regarding clays and pigments. But then I also read ochre processing might go back 300,000 years in other parts of the world!
Our history keeps going back farther and farther, certainly lends credence to civilization arising much earlier than the accepted timelines currently presented by academia.
@@raceryod I agree with the statement of just what the definition of civilization is. In my mind civilization does not require agriculture or some type of writing system. Nor does it require what we would call cities, priests or kings. If the environment is rich enough in food sources agriculture can be avoided. Writing systems could be avoided through trained memory methodology. But the thing that devides a culture from a civilization, at least in my mind, is the ability of a culture to transform into a civilization is the ability of that society to undertake large projects that take more tthan a season or a year. To me the society (whom ever they were) that constructed Golbecki Tepe and the surrounding sites were a civilization despite seeming not to have agriculture or a writing system. Whether or not they had priests or kings? Although I suppose one could argue that the symbology in the carvings were used to represent ideas, events or something else. And symbology goes back pretty far IMO. The cave paintings in Europe and the paintings and carvings on the walls of rock shelters in the Australian Outback (1) and other areas certainly have elements of symbology in them. The same applies to the people who built Stonehenge. I suspect they had some sort of priestly and political class. Along with agriculture. But not writing. The Inca (2) certainly had cities, agriculture, political and priestly classes along with non agricultural specialists. But they got along without writing by means of a highly specialized system of knotted ropes. Useful for record keeping but not note taking. That would have relied on trained memory techniques. I wonder just how long it took to fashion one of the more complex quippia (3) 1) Or what ever the 'politically correct' term may be. 2) Or whatever the term used to call them being used is 3) I think that's the right name.
@@raceryod well being 11,000 years prior to estimated activity is certainly farther back. Generally anything that is in disagreement with the the academic standard is almost universally shot down. The credence would be the operation itself, the tools found the type of tools found, what else do you want a pictograph of Kilroy saying he was there? 40k years old doesn’t mean stupid or incapable of advancements. Your reply in itself sounds exactly like what is expected. More excavations research and digging is what is needed
@@patrickupstatesaintsbloss7258 " Generally anything that is i disagreement with the academic standard is universally shut down", shows you are mistaken about academia and what standards are.
Ochre was used to dye and also preserve hides. After looking at the tools it looks like some tools that could be hide scrapers and other small tools to put holes in the hides to stretch and tan them. This could have been a place they processed hides as well.
Thank you! I so agree with their 'mosaic' hypothesis. Not because I am any kind of expert at any of this. But because this kind of loose interactive reality over time, the individual and small group complexity, even among plain old mammals, let alone hominids/hominins, does seem to be the way the world works. Complexity, shifting events, small interactions leading to larger ones, little bits shared that spread, and other bits disappearing because 'Grandma died', and Grandma's technique being rediscovered in an unrelated group hundreds of miles away.... I am so GLAD that researchers have moved well beyond the 'grand theories' of the past, and are looking at the fascinating complexities!! I will have to go read this paper ;)
the movements of our ancestors are only known from discoveries like this. that we know as much as we do is amazing, given the huge timeline involved. this series is one of your most interesting, to date. i love the ancient structures, too, but this is mindblowing. our ancestors inter-acting with each other in ways that were thought impossible, a few decades ago. another great upload, Kayleigh! and you brought your friends from Malta! thanks, dear friend. see ya next time!
No matter how much we learn about our ancestors (1) there will always be large gaps in that knowledge. We can shrink those gaps but we can never close them. Artifacts made of organic materials will have largely rotted away. Lithic artifacts will have been buried to deep in the slit of flooded river systems (2) for us to find baring their discovery during modern engineering works. Other artifacts may well have been lost in earlier times when they turned up and were discarded as either meaningless or just trash to go on the refuse heaps. There are artifacts out there that raise curious questions. One is a stone tool found in a Clovis or pre Clovis site but definitely from the last Glacial Advance. This artifact was traced to have come from a quarry on the coast of Labrador. Even today this is a very inhospitable place. During the last Glacial Advance there was ice up to 3 kilometers thick between the quarry and the location the tool was found. They only way to get there was by boat and walking across sea ice. A second is a flint knife found as a surface artifact on the James Peninsula not far from the site of Jamestown. That was traced to a quarry in Southwestern France that is also where stone for tools made by the Solutreans was sourced from (3). I suspect our ancestors traveled around much more than we realize. Yes there were most likely people who lived in one area for their whole lives. Migrating from seasonal camp to seasonal camp (4). But I suspect that there were other people who traveled far afield engaged in trade. In North Ametica we find copper artifacts along the east coast and gulf regions. And shells from the coast in the Great Lakes region. Were these items traded hand to hand through complex trade networks? Or were some of them the result of traders conducting long range trade expeditions over a short span of time. 1) Everyone of us has members of our family trees that reach back the Ice Age and beyond on the plains and forests of Africa. 2) In large areas of the world the massive floods caused by the release of melt water from the continental glaciers reshaped landscapes. Also large areas that were formerly above sea level are now submerged due to the glaciers melting and releasing that water back into the world ocean. 3) I first heard of these two artifacts in one of Denis Stanford's talks. Was he right with his whole Solutrean Hypothesis? I'm certainly not qualified to judge. But when his critics and others rejected the idea out of hand they did a great disservice to a scholar who devoted his working adult life to unraveling the mystery of the peopling of the Americas. 4) Could the presence of amounts of stone tools in a certain area be tied to tools that were meant for specific uses. And these tools were stored in caches at seasonal camp sites for when the family groups or clans were on site.
I hope you are enjoying the accelerated rate of discovery in archaic human remains and paleontology discoveries i know i am,its great to tell the truth with evidence no matter if the story is good or bad about life and history ✌️❤️🇬🇧
It was a processing site, not a residential site. The residential site is probably nearby, but could easily be several kilometers away. Also, it took a long time to figure out how to do all sorts of things - the bow, for example, was probably invented a thousand times or more before 'everyone' knew about it.
@@mpetersen6 Probably: Yes, that was the first use of a bow in that area. (There will probably never be a definitive way to prove which of those was the literal first, but I'm sure each of them was first somewhere.)
Not long ago, a native Chinese visitor, who spoke such perfect English that I became somewhat leery of her, was asked by me about the Chinese cultural celebrations depicting the dragon. I told her of the idea of paleolithic discoveries, long ago, of dinosaur bones and skulls which, to primitive people, told of contemporary, frightening animals inhabiting the land, which held many sites of encountering the fossils. My visitor, an Airbnb guest who was quite educated, stated that the dragon was just something conjured up in the culture. I didn't believe she was correct. I read that the interior of China has many, many fossil sites which revealed to the ancient people something they could not understand, like the concept of millions of years in the past.
If you notice the map (at 4.19 min) you can easily identify from where the Homo sapiens arrived. For more info study the ritual site "Pahiyangala" which means "the rock of Fa Hian" (Buddhist monk came from China) in Sri Lanka and then you can get the most appropriate age 48,000 BP.
I saw a documentary about United Arab Emirates. It focused on their channels to direct water from hills to low areas where they could irrigate fields. But it mentioned several archaeological sites several thousand years old, and one stone structure dated to 125 thousand years old. That's quite a jump. Basically, that area was inhabited during the previous interglacial period, and the current one. Basically, no evidence of habitation during the last ice age, then inhabited again as soon as the ice age ended. This shows human history is very old. Another documentary mentioned satellite archaeology. That means using satellites to image the surface of Earth. They found hundreds of stone structures in the Sahara desert. Most of these have not been explored. And the buildings are all different types and styles. They're not all tombs, some were built for other purposes, probably to live in. These are over 10,000 years old, before invention of writing. We don't have any record of these cultures or people because there is no written record. Paintings found on some of these structures showed trees, lakes, and animals that live in areas that aren't desert. When people lived there, it wasn't desert. Canada launched the first radar satellite, called simply RadarSat. The Canadian Space Agency decided they wanted to map sea ice in the arctic, so ships could safely navigate. They went to NASA to ask for collaboration to develop the satellite, and gave them the spec's they wanted to achieve. NASA said it was impossible, so CSA replied "Ok, we'll do it ourselves. We'll get back to you when we're ready to launch." When they finished they did go back to NASA, and offered 30% observation time to launch it, instead of paying cash. NASA said "You did what? But that's impossible!" But it was finished, ready to launch. So NASA showed the spec's to the US Air Force to ask permission. They replied they don't have anything that can do that. And the military said this radar satellite is so sensitive it can detect the wakes of ships at sea. It can't detect the hull directly, but every ship on the entire planet that's moving fast enough to produce a wake, will all be mapped. So the US Air Force said no, Canada can't have that. NASA passed no the bad news. CSA didn't get angry, they said they accept the US decision, so they'll ask Russia to launch it instead, and they'll get the 30% observation time. 24 hours later NASA called back to ask "When would you like it launched?" This was when Boris Yeltsin was President of Russia, and they had much better relations with all Western countries. When NASA got access to the data, they saw something surprising. The Sahara desert had multiple criss-crossing river systems. How could that be? How could there be major river systems in the Sahara? And how could rivers cross? Turned out the radar looked right through the sand, they were seeing the bedrock beneath. The crossing river channels were from different times. At the end of every ice age, north Africa was cold. As each ice age ended, north Africa would become a temperate forest, then tropical rain forest, then savanna, then desert. The Sahara desert would start small and grow. And the radar data showed how large the Sahara grew during past interglacial periods; today it hasn't finished growing. But my point is thousands of years ago, north Africa was not desert, it had forests and rivers and lakes. It was a lush environment. At the time these stone structures were built, it was much more hospitable. How many cultures rose and fell? Cultures we have never heard about because they lived before invention of writing?
A short period of ocher processing approximately 40,000 years ago makes perfect sense. The Laschamp Event is currently estimated to have occurred around 42,000 years ago, which fits perfectly. This was a period of less than 1000 years in which the Earth's magnetic field was reversed. The likely connection is as follows: When the magnetic field reverses, there are times (centuries) in which there is practically no magnetic field. Since the magnetic field normally protects us from the dangerous radiation coming from space and especially from the Sun, being outdoors without proper protectoin becomes deadly during such a time. Early humans/hominids seem to have had two major strategies: 1. Spending a lot of time in caves. 2. Covering their skin with ocher to protect against the radiation. The combination of these two strategies led to the creation of a lot of cave art created with ocher, also about 40,000 years ago.
It sounds very much like this site and the fact that the ochre was brought to this location specifically for its processing that the ochre served as a form of currency, obviously as a commodity with which to barter. I don't know how much research is done on ancient forms of currency, but it seems that this would represent evidence for a very early form of currency in the Homo Sapien timeline. I'd love to see a video that discusses this subject specifically, and what currently stands as the earliest currency ever discovered... Yeah? Anyone with me?
The Tarim bassing and White mumie and White tribes on the Eurasien steppes ,the kalash in Pakistan,ezidies in kurdistan iraq,native American Indiana ect facinates me a lot. I would love if you took up any of these subjects.i love what you do and share your interests
Could it be remnants of Denisovans that crossed the Gobi. I'm assuming the climate was less harsh in that time period. Was it a factory? Does ochre have an esoteric association? Red ochre is also found in ancient sites in far away Europe. Were these guys in China selling blessed arrows?
Rock on Kayleigh ! U r the highest in regard to anthropology and I love you for it ! Been searching for while for a trustworthy researcher, u hit the marks! Well thought out, clear and understandable presentation, smooth smart and funny! I think we harvested Neanderthal's, I feel we start and stop again, over and over, and leave little clues so next time we can do better. Keeps things fresh. I hope that somewhere folks are keeping records in unbreakable stone, I'm not sure how long electricity can last, but if we launch our knowledge in to space we can always retrieve it. I wish you would take us through the evolutionary tree again, maybe with a marker on a white board to make it simpler.. :)again, thank you for all you do hope to support this channel in any way I can
This is not that uncommon. We are used to seeing artefacts from caves. People lived, ate, slept, died and were buried in caves. But other sites were used for specific purposes. Like the Cerritos Mastodon site. It was not a “home”. Or a kill site, or a butchery site. It was a specific site where bones were taken after the flesh was removed specifically to crack the bones open for the marrow. Then the marrow was taken away to be eaten. The site Kayleigh discusses could be called “the armoury”. A place specifically for making tools. A workshop. Thus the hoard of materials. Like my collection of nuts and bolts out in my workshop. My wife takes a dim view of me rebuilding the lawn mower on the kitchen table. It must have been much the same 60,000 years ago. “Honey! Get that ochre and all those chips away from my fire and out of the cave! The sapians are coming over for dinner and your making a mess!” Fox out.
AND ! ! ! It could be that it was a centralized area to work the ochre the same is found with stone where good stone for wrapping was found and worked there or partially worked by various groups in that area !
Perhaps proto Ainu, which thrived along the Eastern Pacific side of Siberia and the Japanese Islands. Some of whom still exist in Northern Hokkaido Island
The tools sound like surgical implements, perhaps for tattoo, or other body modification. Too tiny for butchering. Is ochre a medicinal, or tattoo pigment? Would explain why both were there.
Great video Kayleigh. I know there isn’t much to say about this find until the dogmatists get out Occam’s Razor and shaves it down enough to fit the standard model. I hope they don’t. We just don’t do discovery science anymore.
I did grad studies in language and sociolinguistics at two Chinese universities and would simply say that it's a very tough environment for science, open-minded archaeological exploration and discovery, and interpretive pluralism, because it's such a politicized and ethnocentric environment. Any explanation that says "Chinese" civilization sprang forth fully formed from the Yellow River plain is fine. Anything else, not so much.
11:50 Who taught them? There are several peaks throughout human civilization where the quality of tools and pottery were declining (per archeological record) and POOF, high civilization again. Weird, indeed.
I'm wondering what was the fauna, flora and climate of the area? Did these early people wear deer skins? Was anything musical found such as rocks that ring? I have seen such in the Valdevia Culture of South America 1500BC if I remember right. Thanks, Thailand Paul
Paul. Kayleigh provides her source material with each video. Most are now available on line to read. In doing so you will find other citations that will answer your specific questions and allow you to accumulate background knowledge which will further your understanding of future videos. Briefly this was a cold tundra like time with the great mega fauna. Proto deer were the least of it. Think skins from mastodon or rhino. Now farther west bone flutes have been found from this time period. As Kayleigh noted only stone tool fractions were found at this site. No bone of any kind. Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. Write that one down. It is a key to Kayleigh’s future videos, I think. Fox out.
I truly loved your comment about needing proof before accepting that a hypothesis the true picture. Too bad main stream archaeologists do not follow that rigorous approach concerning megalithic construction and who built them. I would just love to see them actually shape and move 100-1000 ton andesite, basalt and granite stone blocks to the same precision as the ancients. Using only copper and stone tools. It would be a laugh a minute
You've mentioned several times that Neanderthals inhabited this area (Xiamabei). Could you please clarify this? The information I can find seems to indicate that Neanderthals went as far east as western Ukraine and the Caucasus.
Well. Kayleigh has mentioned “Denny” a Neanderthal X Denisovan F1. A 90,000 year old fragment ( tooth? Having a senior moment!) was found in a cave in eastern Siberia. The range of Neanderthal just keeps creeping east. So if you look at a book from the 1990’s they extend to the Ural Mountains. One from 2010 puts them to the Altai mountains.
Would this be the group that crossed the Bearing Straight ? That's about the time period there was a group living there before they moved south isn't it ?
Glad to see you back on line Kayleigh. Hope you had a great vacation.
Loved the video. On a side note, cool shirt necklace combo 👌
Fascinating, so appreciative that you decided to go into the early human series. You are a rare gem among the fossils of channels.
Another awesome video to share with my children. Thanks Kayleigh.
I love watching your videos, you are not only iteresting and intelligent but also so down to earth and not to metion really pretty too, hope you don't mind me saying so
Its this sort of thing that has rekindled my thirst for knowledge..especially a subject like this...and I'm now 67 years old...thank you ❤
From London England
We love watching your videos as much as you enjoy making them! 😁 Thank you for sharing your knowledge!
Hi Kayleigh. Your video was very informative and interesting. Also wanted to say that I've seen short videos of you singing and WOW... you have quite a lovely singing voice! I was pleasantly surprised.
Thanks for the info-packed video. Your humorous asides and general good nature always make for enjoyable visits to the past.
Looking forward to another awesome job.
Thank you Chris! always happy to see you here! 🤗
New sub. Love your videos keep ‘em comin
I find your videos informative, interesting and also fun to watch! The way you present the information is very accessible and fun to watch. Top!
Thank you!!
So funny, I was literally just talking about this site with my parents a few hours ago, however, I couldn’t remember too much because it’s been a little while since I came across the information. Then I checked my notifications and here this video is! Serendipity!
It seems like every time we make the effort to look, we find something new, something older than we expect. The paradigm of history is shifting! Another great video, Kayleigh!
Another great video
On the matter of ochre colours, from Wikipedia:
Ochre is a family of earth pigments, which includes yellow ochre, red ochre, purple ochre, sienna, and umber. The major ingredient of all the ochres is iron(III) oxide-hydroxide, known as limonite, which gives them a yellow colour.
* Yellow ochre, FeO(OH)·nH2O, is a hydrated iron hydroxide (limonite) also called gold ochre.
* Red ochre, Fe2O3, takes its reddish colour from the mineral hematite, which is an anhydrous iron oxide.
* Purple ochre is identical to red ochre chemically but of a different hue caused by different light diffraction properties associated with a greater average particle size.
* Brown ochre, also FeO(OH), (goethite), is a partly hydrated iron oxide.
* Sienna contains both limonite and a small amount of manganese oxide (less than 5%), which makes it darker than ochre.
* Umber pigments contain a larger proportion of manganese (5-20%), which makes them a dark brown
Evidence of the processing of ochre to a lesser extent, in Africa and Europe has been dated by archaeologists to 300,000 years ago, evidence of use in Australia is dated to 50,000 years ago, and new research has uncovered evidence in Asia that is dated to 40,000 years ago.
Ochre has uses other than as paint: "tribal peoples alive today . . . use either as a way to treat animal skins or else as an insect repellent, to staunch bleeding, or as protection from the sun. Ochre may have been the first medicament."
Oooh so many different colors of ochre!
I didn’t know that it would stop bleeding. TY Elva
@@HistoryWithKayleigh I just did a quick search on Wiki when I saw a few people in the chat asking about ochre.
I was not previous aware of all the colours it came in, though it makes sense given that it was used for the cave paintings.
Likewise, I had no idea of its medicinal properties.
@@elvacoburg1279
Excellent contribution to the discussion.
And yes ochre is a coagulant. In fact our modern battle dressings contain thio iron oxide, essentially synthetic purified ochre. The ability of your blood to clot, that is red cells to adhere together is controlled by a complex organic molecule in the blood called vitamine K or clotting factor. This in turn bith depends upon and is regulated by the concentration of free iron in the blood. Upon injury red blood cells that are damaged release iron compounds into the immediate area which initiate clotting. The artificial addition of iron from ochre or a battle dressing further enhances this clotting effect, thus limiting blood loss. That’s how it works. A very old trick that we seem to learn over and over through time.
Fox out.
It helps when people can do their job and dig deeper. Science seems to be less dogmatic about new discoveries. Thank goodness.
Great video. Wonderful speaker. Couldn't be better.
Enjoyed much. Thanks.
I just noticed Kayleigh ,you are getting very close to 100k subs! Congrats!
Quality content for sure!
Thanks Kayleigh 🤗
I love the way you explain this stuff, thank you and keep it up. :)))
Great job miss as always👍
China is geologically very turbulent region. They get massive earthquakes with thousands of casualties. We may then assert it is fortunate discovering anything so ancient.
I love your channel. Great content. Keep going.
This is a great channel. Fascinating history presented by such a lovely and articulate lady with a sense of humour as well.
Thank you 🙂
This is awesome! So excited to hear more about all this.
Yes, please, more on the interactions between the difference lineages.
My sense is that we interacted and learned much from each other.
I agree
The more findings of homo sapiens functioning further back in time helps force refinement of futurists hypothesis on humanity's limits to endure far from now. Awesome sauce.
I am fond of ancient history, enjoy your work, but I enjoy much better your personality! 🥰
The hand gestures really drive the point home 🤣 love it! Good stuff :)
I can't not talk with my hands 😅🙈
Another great and interesting video.😍
Thank you!!
Another great contribution.
Thanks for the video, beautiful... you brighten my day.
I like the term "hoard" which always reminds me of when they found the Sutton Hoo hoard This discovery could help researchers study the cultural links between the groups Thank you Kayleigh🤗👍
I love Sutton hoo, even made a video about it last year haha
I wonder if "hoards" of stone tools that have been found represent tool caches at seasonal campsites of semi nomadic family groups or clans. The tools may have been suited to the specific tasks being or hunting being done in that season. Remember. Everything these people used needed to be carried on their backs.
Hi@@mpetersen6the Chinese think tools were made from bamboo.
@@badfairy9554
Tools (1) made from organic materials certainly played a role. Everything from spear shafts to snares. Just how far back do certain items go. Cordage made from vegetable matter is just one. Basketry? Sowen clothing or packs? Bone or other organic cutting tools.
1) Tools includes weapons
Hi@@mpetersen6 there is a lack of hand axes in China.
Great information, thanks Kaylee.
I recall it being suggested that the use of bamboo tools may have been the reason that there are less stone tools found in the archaeological record of south east Asia.
Fascinating as always thank you
Have a great week! Glad you are home safe!
Thank you!
Of course, advances weren’t likely to spread out from one region, but rather multidirectional, as people travelled back and forth from one area to another, bringing new found ideas, food, culture, music and innovations along with them…..very much as in more recent history. It makes perfect sense!
Very interesting!! Well done !!
I love your channel. Autistic adult child here with an interest in history, my special interest specifically is medical history (I would LOVEEE if you could do some sorta video about that).
Also, I enjoyed reading Clan of the Cave Bear, if you haven't read it already, I definitely suggest it; it's explores the possibility of interaction between Homosapiens and Cro-Magnon humans.
You know Cro-Magnon just means early Homo Sapiens, right? CotCB is about a tribe of Homo Neanderthalis lol
My favorite book!!!
I read that series as well. Many things I learned from that book.
So glad Dr. Miano led me here. 🙂 Here's a comment and like for the Almighty Algorithm. 👋🏼🙂👍🏼
Hypothesising is important. It’s how fellow archeologists throw ideas back and forth between each other. Then this refined hypothesis will give them the ability to go into the field and decide on the best sites to dig as they are guided by the educated hypothesis built by many scholars. ie: Let’s dig over there as we hypothesised they lived in caves in mountain sides where there was a river close by. Or some such thing.
Exactly! The very best plans for such expeditions are drawn up on bar napkins where intoxicating spirits free the mind to think thoughts outside the box. The problem comes when your project plan is swept away with the last round or you review your clutch of napkins the next day and can’t quite put it all together.
Fox out.
You might consider addressing the significance of ochre and micro-blades at some point. I intuit that most herein don’t really relate to ochre.
Briefly, ochre is any number of iron bearing minerals found in rock. Today we think of it mostly in terms of primitive decoration. It was and is much more.
Select stones, usually sandstone was abraded with harder igneous stone to produce a very fine powder. Usually yellow in color, raw yellow ochre. Mixed with tree resin and a bit of water the ocher reacted in a process of iron oxidation called hydration that in turn reacted with resin to create an adhesive. Glue if you like. This adhesive allowed micro blades of chert or flint to be set into wood shafts creating an entire class of tools that rivalled the efficiency of solid stone tools such as the Clovis point. But with an entirely different technology.
Yellow ochre, hydrated with water and roasted over a fire produced red ochre. This was used as a pigment in paintings, additive for adhesives and most importantly in the tanning of animal hides.
The presence of ochre speaks to their ability to conduct chemistry for a desired effect. They also had to have some form of container in which to roast ochre to get red ochre. Finding red ochre signals the presence of 2-3 other parallel technologies. You may not find a pot or stone vessel, but it or something similar was there. Yellow ochre can’t be simply burned in the fire. Mingling with the ashes negates its use. It must be roasted wet to hydrate it. This requires a fireproof container. It had to exist. Even if you failed to find it.
So too did a dedicated grinding system. To properly hydrate ochre has to be ground to a very fine powder. Finer than flour. Free of sand-like impurities.
So finding red ochre and micro blades is a big deal. It points to a divergent technology. Your not chipping and flaking large blades and attaching them to a shaft with pitch and sinew. Your taking the chips from your large blade and gluing them to a shaft without bindings to make what essentially would be considered a serrated blade today. This find is a big deal.
This person is smart and needs his or her own channel
@@patcook5472
Thank you Pat. I’m educated, not smart. And my personality is such that ai don’t want a channel. I prefer to support those such as Kayleigh who, by their personality, are good direct teachers. There is a substantial difference.
See you in the comments.
Fox out.
In one of Denis Stanford's* talks (they're out there on UA-cam) he talked about how if archeologists could just get to work in Siberia they'd be able to find Clovis or pre Clovis tools. Post 1991 with the fall of the Soviet Union they were able to get access. What was there was mainly micro blade technology.
*Regardless of one feels about Stanford and some of his work I doubt he was living in a fantasy world. He followed the evidence where it led him.
@@mpetersen6
Stanford is indeed impressive. He is correct in that no Clovis like technology has been found in Siberia, east Asia, Alaska or Canada. While the evidentiary link to solution technology for Clovis is very close. Right now his group from the Smithsonian is looking at artefacts from the Great Lakes area that have many similarities to European Neanderthal tool from 60,000 years ago. That combined with finds in California and Nebraska suggest some type of pre Clovis homo in america up to 130,000 years ago. My hunch is eventually we will find erectus or a younger species here before sapians. But no hard evidence yet to support that. Most stones, no bones. It’s a big puzzle.
@@MrJento
What part of the Great Lakes region. Right now I'm sitting in my living room about ten miles from the mammoth sites in SE Wisconsin.
While I do think that human habitation of the Americas goes back farther than currently accepted. I'm not sure about that far back. Plus the meltdown of the Western and Laurentide Ice Caps released huge volumes of melt water that poured out into the World Ocean through the Actic, St Lawrence, Mississippi and Western watershed. These massive floods drastically altered landscapes on the local level at least. These floods could have erased evidence of previous occupation simply because the best locations for inhabitation was likely along water courses. If one looks at Google Maps or Goohle Earth in the topographic mode a lot of things in the landscape such as the spillways that these floods drained through stick out like a sore thumb.
Interesting video. We as a people have been here a long time
We sure have 🙂
Thank you! I love the archaeological stuff
Awesome video
There seems to be some really interesting archaeology in China. I haven't seen much on it. Also there is some really cool pyramids there (might make a good video...🕵🏼♀️). Great job as always Kayleigh!
Along with lots of dinosaurs. But then the Chinese have been digging up dinosaur fossils for centuries as dragon bones for cultural medicines. One eo ders just how many fossils were destroyed in the trade.
@@mpetersen6 many deeper in the ground. They would have only got the ones near or at the surface.
Yeah, it's so interesting. Their country takes up huge and complex geographic area. The state just doesn't allow any non-chinese culture come to light.
Do you remember those indo European mummies. They were about 6ft tall, had blonde and red hair, and even wore plaid tartans. Most of their artifacts had direct ties to western Europe. Their DNA proved European ancestry.
A few years ago, Their DNA was "re-examined". Well you can imagine what the "results" showed.
I hate it for the racist that get hung up on populations in different areas.
All "races" have been moving around for as long as we have been around. We have been competing and "exchanging genetic material" forever.
Saw on Nat Geo they have these gigantic underground mounds that go for miles not like vertical Egyptian pyramids though.
I had to pause the video and Google ochre because I can be ignorant regarding clays and pigments. But then I also read ochre processing might go back 300,000 years in other parts of the world!
Yeah the use of ochre goes back a long way in certain parts, this is the oldest usage in the entirety of East-Asia 🤗
Our history keeps going back farther and farther, certainly lends credence to civilization arising much earlier than the accepted timelines currently presented by academia.
It depends on your definition of credence,civilization and academia. Try a little harder
@@raceryod
I agree with the statement of just what the definition of civilization is. In my mind civilization does not require agriculture or some type of writing system. Nor does it require what we would call cities, priests or kings. If the environment is rich enough in food sources agriculture can be avoided. Writing systems could be avoided through trained memory methodology. But the thing that devides a culture from a civilization, at least in my mind, is the ability of a culture to transform into a civilization is the ability of that society to undertake large projects that take more tthan a season or a year. To me the society (whom ever they were) that constructed Golbecki Tepe and the surrounding sites were a civilization despite seeming not to have agriculture or a writing system. Whether or not they had priests or kings? Although I suppose one could argue that the symbology in the carvings were used to represent ideas, events or something else. And symbology goes back pretty far IMO. The cave paintings in Europe and the paintings and carvings on the walls of rock shelters in the Australian Outback (1) and other areas certainly have elements of symbology in them.
The same applies to the people who built Stonehenge. I suspect they had some sort of priestly and political class. Along with agriculture. But not writing. The Inca (2) certainly had cities, agriculture, political and priestly classes along with non agricultural specialists. But they got along without writing by means of a highly specialized system of knotted ropes. Useful for record keeping but not note taking. That would have relied on trained memory techniques. I wonder just how long it took to fashion one of the more complex quippia (3)
1) Or what ever the 'politically correct' term may be.
2) Or whatever the term used to call them being used is
3) I think that's the right name.
@@mpetersen6 please finish
@@raceryod well being 11,000 years prior to estimated activity is certainly farther back. Generally anything that is in disagreement with the the academic standard is almost universally shot down. The credence would be the operation itself, the tools found the type of tools found, what else do you want a pictograph of Kilroy saying he was there? 40k years old doesn’t mean stupid or incapable of advancements. Your reply in itself sounds exactly like what is expected. More excavations research and digging is what is needed
@@patrickupstatesaintsbloss7258
" Generally anything that is i disagreement with the academic standard is universally shut down", shows you are mistaken about academia and what standards are.
Ochre was used to dye and also preserve hides. After looking at the tools it looks like some tools that could be hide scrapers and other small tools to put holes in the hides to stretch and tan them. This could have been a place they processed hides as well.
Thank you!
I so agree with their 'mosaic' hypothesis. Not because I am any kind of expert at any of this. But because this kind of loose interactive reality over time, the individual and small group complexity, even among plain old mammals, let alone hominids/hominins, does seem to be the way the world works.
Complexity, shifting events, small interactions leading to larger ones, little bits shared that spread, and other bits disappearing because 'Grandma died', and Grandma's technique being rediscovered in an unrelated group hundreds of miles away....
I am so GLAD that researchers have moved well beyond the 'grand theories' of the past, and are looking at the fascinating complexities!!
I will have to go read this paper ;)
Outstanding 👍👍
Thank you Chris!
I love your videos and I would like to see more pictures e.g geografical ones of the area
Luv ya work
thanks nice lecture
You are great to watch
Thank you!
the movements of our ancestors are only known from discoveries like this. that we know as much as we do is amazing, given the huge timeline involved. this series is one of your most interesting, to date. i love the ancient structures, too, but this is mindblowing. our ancestors inter-acting with each other in ways that were thought impossible, a few decades ago.
another great upload, Kayleigh! and you brought your friends from Malta! thanks, dear friend. see ya next time!
Thank you!
No matter how much we learn about our ancestors (1) there will always be large gaps in that knowledge. We can shrink those gaps but we can never close them. Artifacts made of organic materials will have largely rotted away. Lithic artifacts will have been buried to deep in the slit of flooded river systems (2) for us to find baring their discovery during modern engineering works. Other artifacts may well have been lost in earlier times when they turned up and were discarded as either meaningless or just trash to go on the refuse heaps. There are artifacts out there that raise curious questions. One is a stone tool found in a Clovis or pre Clovis site but definitely from the last Glacial Advance. This artifact was traced to have come from a quarry on the coast of Labrador. Even today this is a very inhospitable place. During the last Glacial Advance there was ice up to 3 kilometers thick between the quarry and the location the tool was found. They only way to get there was by boat and walking across sea ice. A second is a flint knife found as a surface artifact on the James Peninsula not far from the site of Jamestown. That was traced to a quarry in Southwestern France that is also where stone for tools made by the Solutreans was sourced from (3). I suspect our ancestors traveled around much more than we realize. Yes there were most likely people who lived in one area for their whole lives. Migrating from seasonal camp to seasonal camp (4). But I suspect that there were other people who traveled far afield engaged in trade. In North Ametica we find copper artifacts along the east coast and gulf regions. And shells from the coast in the Great Lakes region. Were these items traded hand to hand through complex trade networks? Or were some of them the result of traders conducting long range trade expeditions over a short span of time.
1) Everyone of us has members of our family trees that reach back the Ice Age and beyond on the plains and forests of Africa.
2) In large areas of the world the massive floods caused by the release of melt water from the continental glaciers reshaped landscapes. Also large areas that were formerly above sea level are now submerged due to the glaciers melting and releasing that water back into the world ocean.
3) I first heard of these two artifacts in one of Denis Stanford's talks. Was he right with his whole Solutrean Hypothesis? I'm certainly not qualified to judge. But when his critics and others rejected the idea out of hand they did a great disservice to a scholar who devoted his working adult life to unraveling the mystery of the peopling of the Americas.
4) Could the presence of amounts of stone tools in a certain area be tied to tools that were meant for specific uses. And these tools were stored in caches at seasonal camp sites for when the family groups or clans were on site.
I hope you are enjoying the accelerated rate of discovery in archaic human remains and paleontology discoveries i know i am,its great to tell the truth with evidence no matter if the story is good or bad about life and history ✌️❤️🇬🇧
Thank you again!
Thanks!
Thanks again 👍
Youre awesome. Thank you.
Thank you again.
🤗
It was a processing site, not a residential site. The residential site is probably nearby, but could easily be several kilometers away. Also, it took a long time to figure out how to do all sorts of things - the bow, for example, was probably invented a thousand times or more before 'everyone' knew about it.
What came first. The bow as a weapon. Or the bow as a fire starter. Or the bow as a drilling tool.
@@mpetersen6 Probably: Yes, that was the first use of a bow in that area. (There will probably never be a definitive way to prove which of those was the literal first, but I'm sure each of them was first somewhere.)
For hunting first.@@mpetersen6 flint for fire. Most tools were made from bamboo.
Was Ocher the only color they used for painting with? Did anybody think it may of been a seasoning too?
Old joke Rex! This ochre soup tastes like dirt! It was fresh ground this morning!
Not long ago, a native Chinese visitor, who spoke such perfect English that I became somewhat leery of her, was asked by me about the Chinese cultural celebrations depicting the dragon. I told her of the idea of paleolithic discoveries, long ago, of dinosaur bones and skulls which, to primitive people, told of contemporary, frightening animals inhabiting the land, which held many sites of encountering the fossils. My visitor, an Airbnb guest who was quite educated, stated that the dragon was just something conjured up in the culture. I didn't believe she was correct. I read that the interior of China has many, many fossil sites which revealed to the ancient people something they could not understand, like the concept of millions of years in the past.
you have found the flow the feel of human evolution
So funny......so educative.!!!!!....have you read urantia book???what do you think about?? Thank you for your videos🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏
Maybe the ochre helped early hunters camouflage, since deer can’t see red. Or maybe it helped keep mosquitoes away.
I've enjoyed watching u talk and I noticed from the first time the protagonist part that eyebrows have in human discourse.....thank you
If you notice the map (at 4.19 min) you can easily identify from where the Homo sapiens arrived. For more info study the ritual site "Pahiyangala" which means "the rock of Fa Hian" (Buddhist monk came from China) in Sri Lanka and then you can get the most appropriate age 48,000 BP.
I saw a documentary about United Arab Emirates. It focused on their channels to direct water from hills to low areas where they could irrigate fields. But it mentioned several archaeological sites several thousand years old, and one stone structure dated to 125 thousand years old. That's quite a jump. Basically, that area was inhabited during the previous interglacial period, and the current one. Basically, no evidence of habitation during the last ice age, then inhabited again as soon as the ice age ended. This shows human history is very old.
Another documentary mentioned satellite archaeology. That means using satellites to image the surface of Earth. They found hundreds of stone structures in the Sahara desert. Most of these have not been explored. And the buildings are all different types and styles. They're not all tombs, some were built for other purposes, probably to live in. These are over 10,000 years old, before invention of writing. We don't have any record of these cultures or people because there is no written record. Paintings found on some of these structures showed trees, lakes, and animals that live in areas that aren't desert. When people lived there, it wasn't desert.
Canada launched the first radar satellite, called simply RadarSat. The Canadian Space Agency decided they wanted to map sea ice in the arctic, so ships could safely navigate. They went to NASA to ask for collaboration to develop the satellite, and gave them the spec's they wanted to achieve. NASA said it was impossible, so CSA replied "Ok, we'll do it ourselves. We'll get back to you when we're ready to launch." When they finished they did go back to NASA, and offered 30% observation time to launch it, instead of paying cash. NASA said "You did what? But that's impossible!" But it was finished, ready to launch. So NASA showed the spec's to the US Air Force to ask permission. They replied they don't have anything that can do that. And the military said this radar satellite is so sensitive it can detect the wakes of ships at sea. It can't detect the hull directly, but every ship on the entire planet that's moving fast enough to produce a wake, will all be mapped. So the US Air Force said no, Canada can't have that. NASA passed no the bad news. CSA didn't get angry, they said they accept the US decision, so they'll ask Russia to launch it instead, and they'll get the 30% observation time. 24 hours later NASA called back to ask "When would you like it launched?" This was when Boris Yeltsin was President of Russia, and they had much better relations with all Western countries.
When NASA got access to the data, they saw something surprising. The Sahara desert had multiple criss-crossing river systems. How could that be? How could there be major river systems in the Sahara? And how could rivers cross? Turned out the radar looked right through the sand, they were seeing the bedrock beneath. The crossing river channels were from different times. At the end of every ice age, north Africa was cold. As each ice age ended, north Africa would become a temperate forest, then tropical rain forest, then savanna, then desert. The Sahara desert would start small and grow. And the radar data showed how large the Sahara grew during past interglacial periods; today it hasn't finished growing. But my point is thousands of years ago, north Africa was not desert, it had forests and rivers and lakes. It was a lush environment. At the time these stone structures were built, it was much more hospitable. How many cultures rose and fell? Cultures we have never heard about because they lived before invention of writing?
I agree with you but I feel that Asia could have very ancient history as well it doesn't make sense that humanity could only start in one place
Neanderthal were known to be quite fond of Red Ochre.
A short period of ocher processing approximately 40,000 years ago makes perfect sense. The Laschamp Event is currently estimated to have occurred around 42,000 years ago, which fits perfectly. This was a period of less than 1000 years in which the Earth's magnetic field was reversed. The likely connection is as follows: When the magnetic field reverses, there are times (centuries) in which there is practically no magnetic field. Since the magnetic field normally protects us from the dangerous radiation coming from space and especially from the Sun, being outdoors without proper protectoin becomes deadly during such a time. Early humans/hominids seem to have had two major strategies: 1. Spending a lot of time in caves. 2. Covering their skin with ocher to protect against the radiation. The combination of these two strategies led to the creation of a lot of cave art created with ocher, also about 40,000 years ago.
Your "thinker" works well. Thank you 😊
It sounds very much like this site and the fact that the ochre was brought to this location specifically for its processing that the ochre served as a form of currency, obviously as a commodity with which to barter. I don't know how much research is done on ancient forms of currency, but it seems that this would represent evidence for a very early form of currency in the Homo Sapien timeline. I'd love to see a video that discusses this subject specifically, and what currently stands as the earliest currency ever discovered... Yeah? Anyone with me?
The Tarim bassing and White mumie and White tribes on the Eurasien steppes ,the kalash in Pakistan,ezidies in kurdistan iraq,native American Indiana ect facinates me a lot. I would love if you took up any of these subjects.i love what you do and share your interests
Could it be remnants of Denisovans that crossed the Gobi. I'm assuming the climate was less harsh in that time period.
Was it a factory?
Does ochre have an esoteric association? Red ochre is also found in ancient sites in far away Europe. Were these guys in China selling blessed arrows?
Rock on Kayleigh ! U r the highest in regard to anthropology and I love you for it ! Been searching for while for a trustworthy researcher, u hit the marks! Well thought out, clear and understandable presentation, smooth smart and funny!
I think we harvested Neanderthal's, I feel we start and stop again, over and over, and leave little clues so next time we can do better. Keeps things fresh. I hope that somewhere folks are keeping records in unbreakable stone, I'm not sure how long electricity can last, but if we launch our knowledge in to space we can always retrieve it. I wish you would take us through the evolutionary tree again, maybe with a marker on a white board to make it simpler.. :)again, thank you for all you do hope to support this channel in any way I can
Great news. Could the Red Ochre be a barrier cream for a more active Sun? Why was the ancient world covering themselves with the pigment?
Cruise back through the comments. Ochre is discussed in detail. And yes it was “sun block 500” for some cultures.
love your work, smart & pretty, we need more like you
Catching up, got called away from the live. Tools at the site but no human remains. I wonder where they went and why? Histories mysteries.
This is not that uncommon. We are used to seeing artefacts from caves. People lived, ate, slept, died and were buried in caves. But other sites were used for specific purposes. Like the Cerritos Mastodon site. It was not a “home”. Or a kill site, or a butchery site. It was a specific site where bones were taken after the flesh was removed specifically to crack the bones open for the marrow. Then the marrow was taken away to be eaten.
The site Kayleigh discusses could be called “the armoury”. A place specifically for making tools. A workshop. Thus the hoard of materials. Like my collection of nuts and bolts out in my workshop. My wife takes a dim view of me rebuilding the lawn mower on the kitchen table. It must have been much the same 60,000 years ago. “Honey! Get that ochre and all those chips away from my fire and out of the cave! The sapians are coming over for dinner and your making a mess!”
Fox out.
hey, lovely lady! another great video from my Kayleigh! i'll be here, for sure!
Happy to hear
AND ! ! ! It could be that it was a centralized area to work the ochre the same is found with stone where good stone for wrapping was found and worked there or partially worked by various groups in that area !
Ever do anything concerning Adam Bridge between India and Sri Lanka?
Please do a video on Shield Maidens...
Perhaps proto Ainu, which thrived along the Eastern Pacific side of Siberia and the Japanese Islands. Some of whom still exist in Northern Hokkaido Island
The tools sound like surgical implements, perhaps for tattoo, or other body modification. Too tiny for butchering. Is ochre a medicinal, or tattoo pigment? Would explain why both were there.
Great video Kayleigh. I know there isn’t much to say about this find until the dogmatists get out Occam’s Razor and shaves it down enough to fit the standard model. I hope they don’t. We just don’t do discovery science anymore.
Intrigued by the hot teacher, stayed for the very interesting history
I did grad studies in language and sociolinguistics at two Chinese universities and would simply say that it's a very tough environment for science, open-minded archaeological exploration and discovery, and interpretive pluralism, because it's such a politicized and ethnocentric environment. Any explanation that says "Chinese" civilization sprang forth fully formed from the Yellow River plain is fine. Anything else, not so much.
It's changing. That's why we are finding out about some truly fascinating archeology.
11:50 Who taught them? There are several peaks throughout human civilization where the quality of tools and pottery were declining (per archeological record) and POOF, high civilization again. Weird, indeed.
I'm wondering what was the fauna, flora and climate of the area? Did these early people wear deer skins? Was anything musical found such as rocks that ring? I have seen such in the Valdevia Culture of South America 1500BC if I remember right. Thanks, Thailand Paul
Paul. Kayleigh provides her source material with each video. Most are now available on line to read. In doing so you will find other citations that will answer your specific questions and allow you to accumulate background knowledge which will further your understanding of future videos.
Briefly this was a cold tundra like time with the great mega fauna. Proto deer were the least of it. Think skins from mastodon or rhino. Now farther west bone flutes have been found from this time period. As Kayleigh noted only stone tool fractions were found at this site. No bone of any kind. Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. Write that one down. It is a key to Kayleigh’s future videos, I think.
Fox out.
I truly loved your comment about needing proof before accepting that a hypothesis the true picture. Too bad main stream archaeologists do not follow that rigorous approach concerning megalithic construction and who built them. I would just love to see them actually shape and move 100-1000 ton andesite, basalt and granite stone blocks to the same precision as the ancients. Using only copper and stone tools. It would be a laugh a minute
The word fossil (mineralized) describes a very different thing than the word remains (dry bones not chemically changed by mineralization).
You've mentioned several times that Neanderthals inhabited this area (Xiamabei). Could you please clarify this? The information I can find seems to indicate that Neanderthals went as far east as western Ukraine and the Caucasus.
Well. Kayleigh has mentioned “Denny” a Neanderthal X Denisovan F1. A 90,000 year old fragment ( tooth? Having a senior moment!) was found in a cave in eastern Siberia. The range of Neanderthal just keeps creeping east. So if you look at a book from the 1990’s they extend to the Ural Mountains. One from 2010 puts them to the Altai mountains.
I think it was demand over availability... Red ochre is very prevaliient in archeological digs, often used in funeral rights in prehistoric societies.
More photographs and b-roll footage!
When there is more i show more
Would this be the group that crossed the Bearing Straight ? That's about the time period there was a group living there before they moved south isn't it ?
40 thousand is a number that often comes up.
it must have been the time when homo sapiens
bloomed in the northern hemisphere
time of retreating ice age glaciers. Rich forest growth, good meat production for hunter gathers.