Wow @Stefan... Do you have any group with which you work. I am so very interested in kind of work you do but at the same time I have day time job.. So would be interesting to collaborate or just learn and read papers in anthropology for fun.. Good work I so proud and thankful for your work ..
2nd watch Man that gitty walk chat was just lovely. It's always nice seeing someone passionate about anything! I'm so happy your channel exists, every video is a blessing, and makes me happy to call you my brother (or perhaps, very distant cousin) Cheers amigo
As an Indian from the south, i am obsessed with anthropology but had to get an IT job to support my old parents. Maybe another life. Excellent video though 👍
also, unfortunately there is no incentive (socially or financially). I was super interested in these topics but never even thought about doing this as a profession as I never met someone working in this field or anyone talking about it. Taking Arts subject was almost thought to be embarrassing among my peers.
Dr. Nelliyattu C. Shyamalan A guy from Kerala who did some DNA research on the caste group of Thiyya from Kerala, his findings are somewhat shocking And yeah he's the dad of Hollywood Director Manoj Night Shyamalan
You never mentioned that India has the worst conditions for fossil preservation. 1) It's hot. 2) It gets the highest rain penetrance in the world. Even though other tropical regions get more consistent rain, India is the only place that gets 2x the amount of rain for 4 months straight, which saturates the ground and kills fossilization chances. This is why almost all fossil DNA comes from Northern Eurasia, and to a much lesser extent the Middle East. The former is cold, and the latter is dry which helps to combat the hotness.
That skull that scientist found in Narmada river was literally in the River itself and survived the continuous water flow for about 200000 years what is possibly rain going to do to a human skull? Will it reduce it to atoms is what you are trying to say?
@@hahahahahahahaha6682 Basic middle school chemistry: Water is one of the best corrosives that we know of. That's why we don't drink pure distilled water, it thins out our gut. And that's just in a decade. Water will cut through anything given enough time. How do you think the Grand Canyon was formed? Also, just because we found ONE skull that survived in what you're interpreting as harsh conditions isn't evidence that this happens on a large scale. That's like finding a red rose and concluding that all roses in the world are red!
Because of Himalayan mountains (spread east west)in the north and ocean in the south, south Asia gets sustained rainfall every year that is second to none. It also is on the same latitude as middle east. So its a perfect extreme of hot and wet. So human fossils are going to be extremely rare.
This was wonderful Stefan, clearly so much work went into it. I also wondered why the Indian subcontinent is not talked about so much. Such a great video.
@@StefanMilo how can that q paper say punjabi and guitarists have denisovans when there are no adaptions to it(wouldn't they be referring to Nepalese as they have denisovan adaptations)
@@WayOfTheCode ah yes lets blame everything on hindu nationalist will look cool. Was it the hindu nationalist in pakistan who waged war on india 4 times making us increase defence buget or was it the hindu nationalists who did multiple terrorist attacks in india shouting allah hu akbhar ?
Been a fan for well over 2 years but you really exceeded my expectations with the coverage of this topic. Thank you for always bringing the forefront of great anthropology to us
Yes, Stefan is great at synthesizing overwhelming complexities into accessible stories for the layman, like myself, that are both interesting and up-to-date.
I agree with you both! Stephan is just wonderful. He makes learning easy for us by doing the research for us, then discarding everything that's not immediately relevant, and giving us what is relevant now, saving us all an astronomical amount of time!
I am from Karachi, Pakistan and I absolutely love your channel. It was a treat to see an episode about South Asia. There are a alot of mesolithic sites close to where I live. From cave paintings to dolmens are scattered all around the city. Some sites which were recorded are now destroyed due to urbanization. Anyway, would love to see a future show on South Asia.
@@cloudfive4226 Extremely incorrect. Umayyad Caliphate. Lead by: Mohammad Bin Qasim (Sindh in 711) *ARABS* Indo-Scythians. Lead by: Maues (Taxila in 150 BC) *EASTERN IRANIAN NOMADS* Parthian Empire. Lead by: Gondophares l (Taxila in 19 CE) *PERSIANS/BALOCHS* Indian is not a race. Your patriotism has made you so blind, you think your nation is your race. Even worse, how can you claim Western Pakistani’s are genetically similar to Indian races over Afghani races or Iranian races. Delusional. Stop using the name your country only recently adopted (it was Bharat before Indian.) to claim a territory and a people (races) you have barely if ever interacted with.
I love the “we don’t know for sure” feel to this. It’s what great about science. I do hope we are able to fill in some of the blank spaces and until then; we’ll done to you and those working on it!
@@issakzwarton9067 exactly we are just analyzing pieces of evidence and coming to conclusions one of the most satisfying and intriguing things according to me
Not sure if anyone else mentioned this yet (too many comments!) but I love the commentary beginning at 29:22 for its insight into how we tend to want to oversimplify what must have been a very complex situation spanning a huge amount of time. I always thought the old "out of Africa" vs "multiregional evolution" debate was much too simplistic for the same reason. We make the same mistake in many other parts of science as well, where reality is often much more complicated than we expect.
I couldn't agree more. It was a pleasure to watch, I love the design and aesthetics his work is going in, while still keeping the Stefan charm. SpoonCam™ or no SpoonCam™! 😉
Tell you what: Milo’s style is far superior to the documentaries you can see on TV. Even the good ones tend to dumb down the material, fill the narration with irrelevant fluff, and instead of reporting honestly on the the state of our scientific knowledge they try to create an aura of mystery around each new and old discovery.
NOOO! This is so much better, he has most the control, its actual Non-sensationalized information thats STILL FASCINATING and its FREE even for broke people and people in so many different countries! The TV is just a Monitor these days anyway!
Absolutely a great video. I learned more on my motherland. Keep thinking and discuss... definitely love to hear them. The state of Tamil Nadu has now put more funding into Archeological investigation...I hope we find some interesting stuffs in 20 yrs
Incredible stuff as always Stefan. You are bringing so much knowledge to world by bridging the gap between hardcore active researchers and armchair enthusiasts. You are like "Bhagirath" for lack of a better word. Keep going!
Pakistan is amongst the few nations that sit on the borders of vastly different regions, I think it's the only country with such large variety. You have South Asia, Central Asia, West Asia, China, and Arabian peninsular across the sea, where there were historical linkages. Pakistan specific evaluation would be interesting.
@@namednpc before 1947, there was no country called bharat, India, or Hindustan. That's a fact. A rose by any other name would smell the same. The people of Pakistan have existed since the dawn of time, it's their land, their history, their country, that's Pakistan. This history of the Indus region is Pakistani history. That's a fact.
@@youknow6968 you can deny as much you want but history books all over the world will tell you the same there are no Pakistani people before 1947 , the country itself born in 1947 on 14 August
@@namednpc when did I deny it? I'm not a fool living in a fantasy, like you. Read what I wrote again, it's written words, easy to understand. 😘 I stated facts, covering all the historical realities. Including the fact India didn't exist as a country either before 1947, you can deny it, but you can't change facts 😘😂😂
I used to find indian arrowheads in West Virginia, where I grew up. This video makes me regret not saving them. I'm 69 years old now and have been living in Egypt the past 17 years. So, I have had a rich life... Why don't I have a collection of arrowheads with me? I just don't know. I can see them in my mind's eye. I remember how thrilling it was to dig one up. I saved them but have no idea when or how they left my life. This channel is one of my favorites. Not my area of formal study but so interesting. And the host is just a genuine intellectual. And nice.... Appreciate his sharing his knowledge with us.
@@TW7S95 fell in love over a computer. I guess I hypnotized myself to be that in love. Gave everything up, packed 3 bags and came to the Middle East. Lived in Dubai, Kuwait, visited all the gulf countries. Now, it's as if I can't leave here. Even if I wanted to. I either found myself, lost myself or a little bit of both.😋
@@mshammond_uk1831 hi, well I've had ups and downs, but have gotten through culture struggles and made a place for myself to live comfortably. I have a smaller social life than I prefer because I will always have my intellect, culture and interests as an American and there's not a lot of a connection because in general it is a developing country and society here is very traditional, not many free thinkers. Ex: a 35 year man won't marry a woman... If his mother doesn't approve. Both families negotiate and must agree. This region in general cannot manage time and I am still 5 minutes early for appointments and they are an hour or more late. So the cultural difference is huge. Sharm Al Shilkh or wealthy areas in Cairo or Alexandria have progressed and one may find it acceptable. I suspect I will never return home at my age, so I adapted. It took years to understand it here but I finally got it. Haha. Thank you for asking.
@@mshammond_uk1831 a visit would be unforgettable and nice, but to live here, honestly, is difficult. You would be welcomed a million times if you came as a tourist, so think about coming.❤️
Outright stupendous, I can’t thank you enough for doing this research and synthesizing months of conversations and deep dives for us. I hope to see you here in 20 years helping us understand new discoveries!!
Sheela Athreya is absolutely fascinating. (I really loved the notion of, "how you partition stuff" and "it's more about the processes than the labels.") I am not an academic in this field - so have no expectation to ever meet her... But wow, would be great to have a chat. Stefan, as always, you post such great videos!
dude you're the only one on youtube who makes quality content about this that isnt just lazily ported academic runoff and the youtube algorithm just abuses your channel. Infuriating.
Thank you Stefan for acknowledging Attirampakkam paleolithic stone age site. Note: Attirampakkam is located near to my hometown(chennai) not in Andhra pradesh
@@veerareddy9119 chauvinism seriously?! Attirampakkam is located near Chennai is a fact. Wouldn’t you provide the fact if someone says that Tirupati is located in Tamil Nadu or would you remain mum in order to not portray yourself as a Telugu chauvinist?
@@veerareddy9119 What a shallow mindset you have. Approach content like this as an academic not as a person fuelled by politics and ethnic divide. For years we have fought with our brethren, a fight which was orchestrated by a third party (our colonisers). Please stop that and look at the bigger picture.
Great presentation. Keeping this video for reference. I also am fascinated by the ancient, archaic movements of the inhabitants of south Asia. They are connected to the Australian aborigines and some of the Asian Pacific people. There are iconic stories hidden therein,. For sure.
Possible reason for not much archeological evidence coming out of India and this puzzle not being solved is Indian authorities not wanting to dig. Archeological Survey of India (ASI) is often found suppressing the old evidences or stopping digging operations because what history unfolds is usually against the propaganda in operation currently.
14:12 Oldest middle-paleolithic tools in the entire world, dating to 385000 years ago கல் தோன்றி, மண் தோன்றாக் காலத்தே.... (வாளோடு முன் தோன்றிய மூத்தக் குடி!) Kal thondri, man thondra kalaththe... [In the times of no stones, no mud ->> no stone homes and cropped soil] (Vaalodu mun thondriya mootha kudi) [With sword(/spearhead), an older people who had appeared earlier] These Tamil lines are from a 9th century poem, so beautifully apt to describe the spell-binding Athirampattinam excavations too
Very many thanks STEFAN: A first-class video; highly informative; raises some great questions; sparkling debates; and a creative use of graphs / maps / images etc. Keep up your wonderful work. Cheers Dr Alec Gill MBE
I always found it weird that the Indian subcontinent doesn't feature much in basic Anthropology outside of the Indus Valley Civilization. They say the Vedas are at least 5000 years old (some say they are even 10-15k years old) so who wrote these exactly? It's really befuddling to be told stories about the great country Hindustan with such little scientific literature on the subject. More funding (and support for humanities) is needed in the subcontinent!
@robertolang9684Indus valley civilisation was way more civilized than some of the present cities of Europe. The number zero came from an Indian scientist. Read vedas and you'll find out the concept of relativity was mentioned thousands of years before Einstein wrote about it.
@robertolang9684 Are you crazy? So much of our civilisational heritage in the West is owed to India. India was the epicenter of human thought and the human imagination for millennia.
u have zero knowledge of anything.oldest universities were in subcontinent,many chinese arab scholars have wrote about knowledge they got from subcontinent which later travelled south east and to west. typical troll having 0 knowledge@robertolang9684
I think this is my favorite of SM videos so far. I love how it’s structured and presented and this science is so fascinating - so cutting edge. Great to hear it from the scientists. And SM of course. The statement about processes and influences on the evolution and dispersals rings throughout. Awesome
THANK YOU!!! finally, as a south asian who has a lot of interest in human evolution, i was really disheartened when popular and accessible resources would often leave out south asia, pretending as if we didn't exist. thank you so much for this video, it has made me even more excited to learn new things!!
Regarding the Narmada cranium -- with a cranial capacity in the modern range, why do we _not_ think could have been an individual on the Neandersovan branch? This was an especially fascinating episode. Keep up the good work.
Thank you for such an amazing and interesting video Stefan! Your hard work shows!! And i enjoy it a lot in your videos when you grab the camera and walk outside and talk to us, its refreshing!
I‘m glad you decided to post this, it was hard to comprehend and felt like isolated data points, but I get it. We are still learning,generations through
Great video, as I've come to expect from this channel! If anyone wants to learn more about early Homo sapiens in South Asia, I have a section talking about them in my video "Discovering the World: A Brief History of Human Migrations." There are a few things Stefan covered that I missed during my research, but also a few things this video doesn't talk about.
@@frozenstorm158 u r wrong indian history existed more than 5000 years ago while pakistan & bangladesh r 70 & 50 yrs old nation. Read history with scientific proof. Even Afghanistan was also india , many of it's places r named after hindu kings & queens like Gandhar , Lahore etc.
@@mypersona8270 Afghanistan wasn't part of India and neither were any of those other areas in Asia. Only Pakistan and Bangladesh were part of India. To say they were part of India, is to ignore their own history and their own historical texts and artefacts. At this rate, I'm guessing you believe Indonesia is part of India too, right?
@@user-jt3dw6vv4x Google yourself Afghanistan got separated from India in year 1876 . before that it was part of India. Even Afghanistan's many cities & places r on the Name of Hindu gods & kings like Gandhar . And Afghanistan was the first region to be invaded by Islamic invaders. They forcefully converted natives into islam & women were brutally assaulted by Islamic invaders. That's why there's so many Hindu God & Goddesses 's statues have been found there. Also the statue of Buddha is found there because Afghanistan was the centre to spread Buddhism teachings in Europe' side by Great King Ashoka Maurya.
@@user-jt3dw6vv4x And About Afghanistan's history? ? How old it's history is ??? For People of Afghanistan it's just about barely 600 -700 old.which was written by none other than Islamic invaders . they looted india's Afghanistan part & made natives slaves & r*ped women, they wanted whole India to be Islamic but they couldn't. If u read history of Afghanistan Not written by any foreign invader, u will found out it was really a developed part of Indian till 11th century but after Islamic colonisation it lost its shine & even after having so many resources Afghanistan is poor. Those colonisers just looted Afghanistan. Previously it was ruled by many hindu kings like King Khingila & many More. During 5th century it had many universities people all around the world wanted to study in India. And people from europe side region, ancient Afghanistan was the best place. But as the Islam grew they eradicated all the ancient universities, they did this from modern Day Pakistan Afghanistan to northern part of India. Like Taxila , Nalanda , sharda universities & many more.
People don't realize how important the time points being discussed mean to present populations. Neanderthal genes are suggested to determine risk levels in COVID-19 and South Asian (Indian sub-continent) population was found to have inherited high-risk alleles. Awesome video. Thanks for your work.
make a video on a ancient site in my hometown pls! Its called Göbekli-Teppe but we call it "Xirabreşk" ❤️looking always forward to your vids awesome work bro💪🏽
@@moxiebombshellI recommend going there, you will feel some weird mystic connection to the place even tho you've never been there. Knowing that it is older than the Pyramids and built by Hunter Gatherers.
One more interesting thing about Indian subcontinent, it has been in all climates during traveling to north untill colliding with Asia, before Himalaya it's climate is completely different, while in the southern hemisphere it was different like southern America climate when it reached on equator it has tropical warm climate. There is not any other land mass on this earth who have face the same and massive climate changing by time.
This video alone scratched the biggest curiosity itch that Ive been sustaining since at least 10+ years. Am so glad I happened across this video even if the conclusion is more a philosophical one, it just matches with the reality of being in south asia so much.
"mehrgarh" located in modern day Baluchistan, Pakistan around 9500 years old is said to be the world oldest civilization ever in human history even older then Mesopotamia and Indus Civilization itself was one of the most advance civilization of its time insure the discovery of one of the Indus seal from Mesopotamia tells us both civilizations were once in trade and ancient city of Moen Jo Daro was economic zone type city of its time. Its sad that Indus manuscript till date haven't been translated , It surely holds many secrets of ancient humans. Respect for you from Pakistan for highlighting the human chapter belonging to Indian sub continent.
@@Kh-nr4ng and before 47 pakistan was nothing but india. Cope and seethe. Pak hasnt even maintained the sites well enough and claim the civilization they couldn't maintain.
@@mtk3755 a small percentage but most of the the ethnic people stayed in their ethnic land if a lot of Indian Muslims moved to Pakistan than there would be no Indian Muslims in Pakistan
This is great thanks. I love your illustration of the Lavallois technique. I hadn't appreciated what a change that was. I guess, like many inventions, a flaked werehacked off accidentally, giving the idea that such a useful thing could be replicated.
Excellent video, I can hardly imagine the mind boggling amount of research and collating of evidence to reach a “Best Guess” conclusion. Thank you so much for attempting to explain the as yet inexplicable.
Frankly I watch the channel because you smile so much. Makes me smile, too:D. Really enjoy the professionality of the channel though. Btw, where does your focus end? Would you make more videos on early civilizations maybe, maybe the more obscure ones?
South asia also have cold weather and warm weather so there is a chance that those humans who lived there ended up adopting to the region which means they got those features without even a contact with other humans .
Ramayana itself can be dated back to 15,000 years old, the first poem ever written in a language, Sanskrit, that survives till date, Ramayana, details astronomical events that can be scientifically proven to have happened 15kya. Also geographical descriptions of the geography of entire Asia is given.
Super continent, Pangea began to breakup around 200 million years ago. The "India" landmass was once situated well south of the Equator, but its northern margins began to collide against the southward-moving Eurasian Plate about 40 to 50 million years ago, the collision between India and Eurasia occurred much later, around 35 million years ago. Were humans lived on moving indian plate 50 million years ago?
I don’t know much about commenting here on the expertise of you people. But as I heard that desert on the west of India…well there is historical evidence that there was river Saraswati where there is desert today. So, I think till a couple of thousand years ago, the area was not really a desert.
Also another thing I think is a big mistake that we make is believing that ancient civilisations were not advanced and we later became advanced. But what I truly believe is every nation from every ancient civilisations that came and went were advanced in their own ways that was required by their environments and lifestyle and the needs and wants of the people. For example, the way we live the way our life is our society is our environment is, it plays such a big role in how our mind and imagination works, as this all has an influence in not just how we perceive things but also how we imagine them to be and also the way we design them etc.. so we could never be able to have the same creativity as the people from our past, it’s very different. Our world allows our mind to imagine and design houses the way they’re. But if you went back to say the first few human beings that came to be, they would never be able to imagine building houses the way we do and there is nothing to influence that type of creativity and imagination, but there mind would be able to create and imagine different ways that we could never imagine but because certain civilian ruins architecture is still left behind and surviving we are able to now mentally be able to perceive their way of design that now our mind has the capability to design something similar but if we had no visual evidence it would be so hard for our mind to even conceive such design and creativity and imagination. The same way they could have never perceived our way of creativity and design. Their design of a house would be so different from ours but it doesn’t mean it won’t be just as advanced it’s just in a different way. I hope I kind got what I was trying to say across.
My personal gut feeling from all that I have read is this: Maybe discussions on where to draw the line between species of post-erectus hominins is misplaced? With everything that we now know, Neanderthals having Sapiens mitochondria and Y chromosomes for up to 2/3 of their existence as a definable group of humans, the abnormally large percentages of Denisovan ancestry in South American populations, plus this new mystery Homo group you discussed which I had not heard of before you mentioned (something to look into now). At what point do we say that these are just the same species of Erectus descendants living, trading, and travelling the same Pleistocene earth? After all a Great Dane and a Dachshund are both dogs. I was actually thinking about this several hours before watching this video based on a lot of stuff that I have been reading and watching lately (I am not an expert, so understanding some of the terms used in papers is hard at times; youtubers like yourself and History with Kayleigh does help immensely). The extreme blurring of lines between populations of archaic homo populations makes me really uncomfortable even using the descriptor of species to describe the difference.
Ok some points about Middle Paleolithic ... lithics. First, ever since Lower Paleolithic Oldowan, flakes are the tools. Yes, Acheulean bifaces were used as tools, but so too were the flakes removed to make them. So flakes have ALWAYS been stars of the show. The cognitive leap to Mousterian/Levallois does involve increased planning as stated, however it also marks an expansion of flaking behaviors. Reti's four Oldowan behaviors defined flaking techniques not just for Oldowan but also for Acheulean. Mousterian "muffin-top" prepared cores required at the minimum a near doubling flaking techniques, at least when including the Levallois points made from them.
There actually is a somewhat simple answer to your questions. A female cranium of Homo *heidelbergensis* fits the volume and shape of the skull you introduced at the beginning of your video. We also know that heidelbergensis moved eastward from Europe about 200,000 to 300,000 years ago, and may be responsible for the introduction of fire and cooking in Asia. It also would contribute to Asian genetics outside of Neanderthal and modern humans or *erectus* - but still be quite similar to Denisovan.
Very balanced presentation on this topic. I agree, it is fascinating. I hope you can enlighten me about the pronunciation of Acheulean. You pronounce the ch like sh in shoe. But isn’t it a Greek word, so wouldn’t it the ch be pronounced like K? That’s how I learned to pronounce Achilles (uh-kill-Ezekiel) in college (I had to read the Iliad), Chiron, and other Greek names. Have I been wrong all along? 😅
The moment you said "South Asia" , you went all wrong and berserk! It implies that you don't even know the geography of the place. It is the Indian SUBCONTINENT! It's not part of the Eurasian plate! It is a different geographical part altogether! It's still moving into the Eurasian plate! South of Asia is Tibet! The Indian SUBCONTINENT is pushing against South Asia! Go get your geography checked! Especially when you're talking about something from a few million years back!
THEN Dont call our shared subcontinent "indian" when we pakistanis bengalis sri lankans nepalis are NOT at all indians and is disrespecting for us to be called so. BTW republic of india didnt exist before 1947 and the invading european forces coined the word "india" for the whole subcontinent.
invading Greeks called us indica year's ago btw if you had so much problem with it's oldest name why you wanted a new country why insult our great land and legacy with your modern day name we indians call it oldest name which was given to it it's you guys who are so disrespectful towards your ancestors that you want to change name.
It’s a geographic location. Cry about it. People in Japan don’t get upset when you say East Asia despite them being on their own island. It’s a peninsula with a tectonic border. By the same logic you shouldn’t call it South Africa because tHeY hAvE tHiEr OwN pLaTe.
@user-fw5gp2me9b No one is denying that you are Paaki you actually are, since you don't understand the difference between Bengalis (an ethnic group) and Bangladeshis (a nationality)
@solitairepilot People in Japan are not exposed to English content as much as Indians are. Therefore, Japanese people have the right to be offended if the Western world imposes its own understanding of them.
I just started learning about ancient humans in depth. I thought we all came out of Africa, spread out, than evolved to our surroundings. Then I learned Europeans have Neanderthal ancestors, Africans don't, Philippinos have Denisovan ancestors, etc. How did we all turn out to be homo sapien's if we are mixed with different homimids?
because mixing was pretty rare, and they were all humans to begin with. it just that their differences back then were a bit more than in races today. some scientists argue that neanderthals and denisovans are homo sapiens. but subspecies. so they say that neanderthals should be classified homo sapiens neanderthalensis. and we should be classified as homo sapiens sapiens
Great video! However, it predominantly features footage from the northern part of the South-Asian subcontinent, i.e. Kashmir, Ladakh, or Himachal. This may lead some viewers to mistakenly assume different topographies and climates.
I come from a very religious background. As a child I believed in Adam an Eve but now after reading about Evolution it seems funny and lunacy to think that we came from a pair of humans. While I was reading this huge topic It seemed very odd that very little information on humans of ancient Bangla or Bangladesh is known. now I have a good idea why there is so little information about that. Great video.
Lovely video.. i couldn't help but wonder if the possibility of the sunken lemuria land mass would further confuse things or help find a possible explanation.
It doesn't really surprise me that older technologies persisted. After all though we mow clearly live in the plastic age, iron and bronze are still in use.
I can't help but imagine us in a few thousand years, when we are all a similar, pasty shade of grey, marveling at a new archeological discovery revealing the fact that Homo Sapiens Sapiens used to exist in all colours and shapes.
As a sri lankan i am obsessed with anthropology. When I was young my parents passed away in bike accident so I had to live in the streets. I made money from sweeping neighborhood streets and I used the money to buy bread and broth to eat everyday. I started to eat once every two days to save money for my first anthropology book but in winter I lost my hearing in one year because of the cold and lack of food as I was saving for buying the book.. I am working in a school as a sweeper today because I couldn’t afford education for anthropology degree. Maybe in next life.
Thanks to NORDVPN for sponsoring this video! Get a big discount and watch some international archaeology documentaries! nordvpn.com/stefanmilo
Wow @Stefan... Do you have any group with which you work. I am so very interested in kind of work you do but at the same time I have day time job.. So would be interesting to collaborate or just learn and read papers in anthropology for fun.. Good work I so proud and thankful for your work ..
2nd watch
Man that gitty walk chat was just lovely. It's always nice seeing someone passionate about anything!
I'm so happy your channel exists, every video is a blessing, and makes me happy to call you my brother (or perhaps, very distant cousin)
Cheers amigo
link your music ape!
please
Thank you for covering South Asia.. every one seems leave this part out of Archeological discoveries.
There was no lndia before 15th August 1947.
As an Indian from the south, i am obsessed with anthropology but had to get an IT job to support my old parents. Maybe another life. Excellent video though 👍
also, unfortunately there is no incentive (socially or financially). I was super interested in these topics but never even thought about doing this as a profession as I never met someone working in this field or anyone talking about it. Taking Arts subject was almost thought to be embarrassing among my peers.
@@devverma144 exactly, same thing.
@@devverma144 same man i can feel too
Same here, from East India, cheers.
Dr. Nelliyattu C. Shyamalan
A guy from Kerala who did some DNA research on the caste group of Thiyya from Kerala, his findings are somewhat shocking
And yeah he's the dad of Hollywood Director Manoj Night Shyamalan
You never mentioned that India has the worst conditions for fossil preservation.
1) It's hot.
2) It gets the highest rain penetrance in the world.
Even though other tropical regions get more consistent rain, India is the only place that gets 2x the amount of rain for 4 months straight, which saturates the ground and kills fossilization chances.
This is why almost all fossil DNA comes from Northern Eurasia, and to a much lesser extent the Middle East. The former is cold, and the latter is dry which helps to combat the hotness.
And also its worth to notice our govt also have 0 interest. For sure we can get many fossils if govt is dedicated as well
That skull that scientist found in Narmada river was literally in the River itself and survived the continuous water flow for about 200000 years what is possibly rain going to do to a human skull? Will it reduce it to atoms is what you are trying to say?
@@hahahahahahahaha6682 Basic middle school chemistry: Water is one of the best corrosives that we know of. That's why we don't drink pure distilled water, it thins out our gut. And that's just in a decade. Water will cut through anything given enough time. How do you think the Grand Canyon was formed?
Also, just because we found ONE skull that survived in what you're interpreting as harsh conditions isn't evidence that this happens on a large scale. That's like finding a red rose and concluding that all roses in the world are red!
The most critical of facts often wilfully ignored.
Srilanka, which is closer to equator, which is more humid, has fossil which dates to 23,000 years.
Because of Himalayan mountains (spread east west)in the north and ocean in the south, south Asia gets sustained rainfall every year that is second to none. It also is on the same latitude as middle east. So its a perfect extreme of hot and wet. So human fossils are going to be extremely rare.
This was wonderful Stefan, clearly so much work went into it. I also wondered why the Indian subcontinent is not talked about so much. Such a great video.
Thank you! Yeah it really doesn’t get the attention it deserves. Hopefully some more human remains will thrust it into the limelight a bit
@@StefanMilo how can that q paper say punjabi and guitarists have denisovans when there are no adaptions to it(wouldn't they be referring to Nepalese as they have denisovan adaptations)
Bfrahmin quota people destroys evidences.
@@StefanMilo Thank u from India
@@ajithsidhu7183 guitarists?
As a Sri Lankan going for a career in arcaheology and anthropology, thank you for making this video :) I love your videos a lot
kohomada kollo jeewithe
u have my blessing for your work
Best wishes from 🇱🇰
@@firstconsul001eppedi machan pokethe
all the best in your career!!
Finally someone made a video on the topic I always searched for. As a Bangladeshi I always wanted to know the evolution history of this region.
Its so true, India is literally sidelined in human evolution discussion!!!
Mostly because we don’t fund it much locally and sone hindu nationalists have made it super political.
@@WayOfTheCode did you have to get your “liberal “ mindset here ??
@@WayOfTheCode ah yes lets blame everything on hindu nationalist will look cool. Was it the hindu nationalist in pakistan who waged war on india 4 times making us increase defence buget or was it the hindu nationalists who did multiple terrorist attacks in india shouting allah hu akbhar ?
@@WayOfTheCode did Hindu nationalists force you to remain stuck in ur colonial hangover?
@@Tuluva_Yavdheya because Brahmin think they are descendants of rishis not monkeys
Been a fan for well over 2 years but you really exceeded my expectations with the coverage of this topic. Thank you for always bringing the forefront of great anthropology to us
Well, there is at least one other channel that produces exemplary work.
Yes, Stefan is great at synthesizing overwhelming complexities into accessible stories for the layman, like myself, that are both interesting and up-to-date.
I agree with you both! Stephan is just wonderful. He makes learning easy for us by doing the research for us, then discarding everything that's not immediately relevant, and giving us what is relevant now, saving us all an astronomical amount of time!
I am from Karachi, Pakistan and I absolutely love your channel. It was a treat to see an episode about South Asia. There are a alot of mesolithic sites close to where I live. From cave paintings to dolmens are scattered all around the city. Some sites which were recorded are now destroyed due to urbanization. Anyway, would love to see a future show on South Asia.
do you still believe in Allah
Well you do realize that you all are not the true inhabitants of that land.
@@cloudfive4226ahaha what do u mean
@@Goku-zc8tp real Inhabitants were Indians, not Arabs, not Persian, not Turk
@@cloudfive4226
Extremely incorrect.
Umayyad Caliphate. Lead by: Mohammad Bin Qasim (Sindh in 711) *ARABS*
Indo-Scythians. Lead by: Maues (Taxila in 150 BC) *EASTERN IRANIAN NOMADS*
Parthian Empire. Lead by: Gondophares l (Taxila in 19 CE) *PERSIANS/BALOCHS*
Indian is not a race. Your patriotism has made you so blind, you think your nation is your race. Even worse, how can you claim Western Pakistani’s are genetically similar to Indian races over Afghani races or Iranian races. Delusional. Stop using the name your country only recently adopted (it was Bharat before Indian.) to claim a territory and a people (races) you have barely if ever interacted with.
I love the “we don’t know for sure” feel to this. It’s what great about science. I do hope we are able to fill in some of the blank spaces and until then; we’ll done to you and those working on it!
Feels more like a discussion than being preached to
@@issakzwarton9067 exactly we are just analyzing pieces of evidence and coming to conclusions one of the most satisfying and intriguing things according to me
Not sure if anyone else mentioned this yet (too many comments!) but I love the commentary beginning at 29:22 for its insight into how we tend to want to oversimplify what must have been a very complex situation spanning a huge amount of time. I always thought the old "out of Africa" vs "multiregional evolution" debate was much too simplistic for the same reason. We make the same mistake in many other parts of science as well, where reality is often much more complicated than we expect.
Wow you must have put a massive amount of work into this video. IMO you have graduated from UA-cam and might be ready for the world of documentaries.
I couldn't agree more. It was a pleasure to watch, I love the design and aesthetics his work is going in, while still keeping the Stefan charm. SpoonCam™ or no SpoonCam™! 😉
Tell you what: Milo’s style is far superior to the documentaries you can see on TV. Even the good ones tend to dumb down the material, fill the narration with irrelevant fluff, and instead of reporting honestly on the the state of our scientific knowledge they try to create an aura of mystery around each new and old discovery.
NOOO! This is so much better, he has most the control, its actual Non-sensationalized information thats STILL FASCINATING and its FREE even for broke people and people in so many different countries!
The TV is just a Monitor these days anyway!
@@pansepot1490 agreed! They repeat same things over and over and try to force this mysterious excitement over things. That format would be a step down
I love how anthropology sort of flows into ancient history
I started off digging into ancient human history and realized how important anthropology can help connect the dots
I really appreciate your willingness to do all the hard work to bring us these videos.
Absolutely a great video. I learned more on my motherland. Keep thinking and discuss... definitely love to hear them. The state of Tamil Nadu has now put more funding into Archeological investigation...I hope we find some interesting stuffs in 20 yrs
To find out Tamils are onge descendents
Incredible stuff as always Stefan. You are bringing so much knowledge to world by bridging the gap between hardcore active researchers and armchair enthusiasts. You are like "Bhagirath" for lack of a better word. Keep going!
Who is bhagirath
@@introtwerp his aaya (grandma)
Pakistan is amongst the few nations that sit on the borders of vastly different regions, I think it's the only country with such large variety.
You have South Asia, Central Asia, West Asia, China, and Arabian peninsular across the sea, where there were historical linkages.
Pakistan specific evaluation would be interesting.
Before 1947 there wasn't called a country called Pakistan but akhand bharat
@@namednpc before 1947, there was no country called bharat, India, or Hindustan. That's a fact.
A rose by any other name would smell the same.
The people of Pakistan have existed since the dawn of time, it's their land, their history, their country, that's Pakistan.
This history of the Indus region is Pakistani history. That's a fact.
@@youknow6968 then mughals aur brits jakh marane aaye the kya yaha pe 🤣🤣
@@youknow6968 you can deny as much you want but history books all over the world will tell you the same there are no Pakistani people before 1947 , the country itself born in 1947 on 14 August
@@namednpc when did I deny it? I'm not a fool living in a fantasy, like you.
Read what I wrote again, it's written words, easy to understand. 😘
I stated facts, covering all the historical realities. Including the fact India didn't exist as a country either before 1947, you can deny it, but you can't change facts 😘😂😂
I used to find indian arrowheads in West Virginia, where I grew up. This video makes me regret not saving them. I'm 69 years old now and have been living in Egypt the past 17 years. So, I have had a rich life... Why don't I have a collection of arrowheads with me? I just don't know. I can see them in my mind's eye. I remember how thrilling it was to dig one up. I saved them but have no idea when or how they left my life. This channel is one of my favorites. Not my area of formal study but so interesting. And the host is just a genuine intellectual. And nice.... Appreciate his sharing his knowledge with us.
@@TW7S95 fell in love over a computer. I guess I hypnotized myself to be that in love. Gave everything up, packed 3 bags and came to the Middle East. Lived in Dubai, Kuwait, visited all the gulf countries. Now, it's as if I can't leave here. Even if I wanted to. I either found myself, lost myself or a little bit of both.😋
@@judemorales4U are u happy there or do u prefer the states ? I want to visit one day ..i been to morroco 5x but never egypt!
@@mshammond_uk1831 hi, well I've had ups and downs, but have gotten through culture struggles and made a place for myself to live comfortably. I have a smaller social life than I prefer because I will always have my intellect, culture and interests as an American and there's not a lot of a connection because in general it is a developing country and society here is very traditional, not many free thinkers. Ex: a 35 year man won't marry a woman... If his mother doesn't approve. Both families negotiate and must agree. This region in general cannot manage time and I am still 5 minutes early for appointments and they are an hour or more late. So the cultural difference is huge. Sharm Al Shilkh or wealthy areas in Cairo or Alexandria have progressed and one may find it acceptable. I suspect I will never return home at my age, so I adapted. It took years to understand it here but I finally got it. Haha. Thank you for asking.
@@mshammond_uk1831 a visit would be unforgettable and nice, but to live here, honestly, is difficult. You would be welcomed a million times if you came as a tourist, so think about coming.❤️
This was probably your best video yet. Thanks for the work that you put into making such great content.
I sincerely thank you for this. It scratched an itch of a question I've had for years, but no accessible media were willing to approach!
Outright stupendous, I can’t thank you enough for doing this research and synthesizing months of conversations and deep dives for us. I hope to see you here in 20 years helping us understand new discoveries!!
Sheela Athreya is absolutely fascinating. (I really loved the notion of, "how you partition stuff" and "it's more about the processes than the labels.") I am not an academic in this field - so have no expectation to ever meet her... But wow, would be great to have a chat. Stefan, as always, you post such great videos!
dude you're the only one on youtube who makes quality content about this that isnt just lazily ported academic runoff and the youtube algorithm just abuses your channel. Infuriating.
Fascinating! It's a subject you don't hear too much about. And I really like the way you're always happy to admit "we really don't know".
We are the lucky ones Stefan. Thank you for the hard work, to all, who make these videos.
They have found art and things in caves in balangoda, Sri Lanka. They gave it a name called balangoda manawaya (the balangoda human/man). Its very old
Thank you Stefan for acknowledging Attirampakkam paleolithic stone age site.
Note: Attirampakkam is located near to my hometown(chennai) not in Andhra pradesh
Okay tamizh chauvinist!
@@veerareddy9119 okay telungu casteist reddy retard🙃
@@veerareddy9119 chauvinism seriously?!
Attirampakkam is located near Chennai is a fact. Wouldn’t you provide the fact if someone says that Tirupati is located in Tamil Nadu or would you remain mum in order to not portray yourself as a Telugu chauvinist?
@@divakarvarma599 sare anna.
@@veerareddy9119 What a shallow mindset you have. Approach content like this as an academic not as a person fuelled by politics and ethnic divide. For years we have fought with our brethren, a fight which was orchestrated by a third party (our colonisers). Please stop that and look at the bigger picture.
Great presentation. Keeping this video for reference. I also am fascinated by the ancient, archaic movements of the inhabitants of south Asia. They are connected to the Australian aborigines and some of the Asian Pacific people. There are iconic stories hidden therein,. For sure.
Pakistanis are Aryans and Iranians
Possible reason for not much archeological evidence coming out of India and this puzzle not being solved is Indian authorities not wanting to dig. Archeological Survey of India (ASI) is often found suppressing the old evidences or stopping digging operations because what history unfolds is usually against the propaganda in operation currently.
Lol modi seems like he would love to rewrite shah jehan as a hindu
14:12 Oldest middle-paleolithic tools in the entire world, dating to 385000 years ago
கல் தோன்றி, மண் தோன்றாக் காலத்தே....
(வாளோடு முன் தோன்றிய மூத்தக் குடி!)
Kal thondri, man thondra kalaththe... [In the times of no stones, no mud ->> no stone homes and cropped soil]
(Vaalodu mun thondriya mootha kudi) [With sword(/spearhead), an older people who had appeared earlier]
These Tamil lines are from a 9th century poem, so beautifully apt to describe the spell-binding Athirampattinam excavations too
Very many thanks STEFAN: A first-class video; highly informative; raises some great questions; sparkling debates; and a creative use of graphs / maps / images etc. Keep up your wonderful work. Cheers Dr Alec Gill MBE
I always found it weird that the Indian subcontinent doesn't feature much in basic Anthropology outside of the Indus Valley Civilization. They say the Vedas are at least 5000 years old (some say they are even 10-15k years old) so who wrote these exactly? It's really befuddling to be told stories about the great country Hindustan with such little scientific literature on the subject. More funding (and support for humanities) is needed in the subcontinent!
@robertolang9684Indus valley civilisation was way more civilized than some of the present cities of Europe. The number zero came from an Indian scientist. Read vedas and you'll find out the concept of relativity was mentioned thousands of years before Einstein wrote about it.
@robertolang9684 Are you crazy? So much of our civilisational heritage in the West is owed to India. India was the epicenter of human thought and the human imagination for millennia.
u have zero knowledge of anything.oldest universities were in subcontinent,many chinese arab scholars have wrote about knowledge they got from subcontinent which later travelled south east and to west. typical troll having 0 knowledge@robertolang9684
@robertolang9684 You lost your argument racist
@robertolang9684 European fanatic comparing ancient India to Europe
As an human and watching all this from Earth literally gave goosebumps..From Stone age to Micro chipped Brain Era..cheers to Life..
In Goa there are petroglyphs rock carvings, stone tools in the river beds. Would love to know more about what happened there. And when
I think this is my favorite of SM videos so far. I love how it’s structured and presented and this science is so fascinating - so cutting edge. Great to hear it from the scientists. And SM of course. The statement about processes and influences on the evolution and dispersals rings throughout. Awesome
THANK YOU!!! finally, as a south asian who has a lot of interest in human evolution, i was really disheartened when popular and accessible resources would often leave out south asia, pretending as if we didn't exist. thank you so much for this video, it has made me even more excited to learn new things!!
Regarding the Narmada cranium -- with a cranial capacity in the modern range, why do we _not_ think could have been an individual on the Neandersovan branch?
This was an especially fascinating episode. Keep up the good work.
Thank you for such an amazing and interesting video Stefan! Your hard work shows!! And i enjoy it a lot in your videos when you grab the camera and walk outside and talk to us, its refreshing!
I‘m glad you decided to post this, it was hard to comprehend and felt like isolated data points, but I get it. We are still learning,generations through
14:30, it is not Northern Andhra Pradesh, it's Northern Tamilnadu. The village Attrambakkam is located near Chennai and I live near that place!
He was talking about a different site North of that in TN.
As a south indian who loves anthropology and reads blogs in spare time about human evolution. Have to say, thanks for your time and detailed video
Adam descended from Paradise into India, in a land called Sarandib (Syri Lanka, now-a-days). Hawwa' (Eve) descended in a location different from Adam.
Great video, as I've come to expect from this channel! If anyone wants to learn more about early Homo sapiens in South Asia, I have a section talking about them in my video "Discovering the World: A Brief History of Human Migrations." There are a few things Stefan covered that I missed during my research, but also a few things this video doesn't talk about.
this is great video, thank you
love from South India, Kerala
Another good one, Stefan! Very good work that you- do-- enjoy them a great deal!
Watch from Bangladesh ❤❤
It is very smart of him to list out all the nations instead of just saying south asia
Ironic that I am hearing about the Narmada skull now..while living an hour away from its banks...thankyou for the deepdive..was very educational
Correction: It was just india not any Pakistan , Bangladesh, etc excited at that time ! It was only india. The subcontinent was India.
Pakistan and India both gained independence in 1947
@@frozenstorm158 u r wrong indian history existed more than 5000 years ago while pakistan & bangladesh r 70 & 50 yrs old nation.
Read history with scientific proof. Even Afghanistan was also india , many of it's places r named after hindu kings & queens like Gandhar , Lahore etc.
@@mypersona8270 Afghanistan wasn't part of India and neither were any of those other areas in Asia. Only Pakistan and Bangladesh were part of India. To say they were part of India, is to ignore their own history and their own historical texts and artefacts. At this rate, I'm guessing you believe Indonesia is part of India too, right?
@@user-jt3dw6vv4x Google yourself Afghanistan got separated from India in year 1876 . before that it was part of India. Even Afghanistan's many cities & places r on the Name of Hindu gods & kings like Gandhar . And Afghanistan was the first region to be invaded by Islamic invaders. They forcefully converted natives into islam & women were brutally assaulted by Islamic invaders. That's why there's so many Hindu God & Goddesses 's statues have been found there. Also the statue of Buddha is found there because Afghanistan was the centre to spread Buddhism teachings in Europe' side by Great King Ashoka Maurya.
@@user-jt3dw6vv4x And About Afghanistan's history? ? How old it's history is ??? For People of Afghanistan it's just about barely 600 -700 old.which was written by none other than Islamic invaders . they looted india's Afghanistan part & made natives slaves & r*ped women, they wanted whole India to be Islamic but they couldn't.
If u read history of Afghanistan Not written by any foreign invader, u will found out it was really a developed part of Indian till 11th century but after Islamic colonisation it lost its shine & even after having so many resources Afghanistan is poor. Those colonisers just looted Afghanistan. Previously it was ruled by many hindu kings like King Khingila & many More.
During 5th century it had many universities people all around the world wanted to study in India. And people from europe side region, ancient Afghanistan was the best place. But as the Islam grew they eradicated all the ancient universities, they did this from modern Day Pakistan Afghanistan to northern part of India.
Like Taxila , Nalanda , sharda universities & many more.
That was probably the first time I'd heard someone talk about human evolution in India. Thank you.
A great overview with unique perspective. You make them almost tangible.
People don't realize how important the time points being discussed mean to present populations. Neanderthal genes are suggested to determine risk levels in COVID-19 and South Asian (Indian sub-continent) population was found to have inherited high-risk alleles. Awesome video. Thanks for your work.
Thank you Stefan, for keeping us up to date with all this fascinating research. Your doing a great job!
make a video on a ancient site in my hometown pls! Its called Göbekli-Teppe but we call it "Xirabreşk"
❤️looking always forward to your vids awesome work bro💪🏽
I think he has one, actually, but I wouldn't mind another one. It's such an amazing site!
@@moxiebombshellI recommend going there, you will feel some weird mystic connection to the place even tho you've never been there. Knowing that it is older than the Pyramids and built by Hunter Gatherers.
One more interesting thing about Indian subcontinent, it has been in all climates during traveling to north untill colliding with Asia, before Himalaya it's climate is completely different, while in the southern hemisphere it was different like southern America climate when it reached on equator it has tropical warm climate. There is not any other land mass on this earth who have face the same and massive climate changing by time.
i am no expert at all, but this seems to be the best summary of the state of our knowledge today. A really satisfying watch. THANK YOU.
India is always the land of diversity
Jimbob Blinkhorn. I love this guy’s name 😂
This video alone scratched the biggest curiosity itch that Ive been sustaining since at least 10+ years. Am so glad I happened across this video even if the conclusion is more a philosophical one, it just matches with the reality of being in south asia so much.
Great job, I'm 4 months behind on my watch now list, so the break between videos gives me a chance to catch up. :D
Loved this very informative and honest video. Please keep making more.
Was there a Pakistan 100,000 years ago!!!
"mehrgarh" located in modern day Baluchistan, Pakistan around 9500 years old is said to be the world oldest civilization ever in human history even older then Mesopotamia and Indus Civilization itself was one of the most advance civilization of its time insure the discovery of one of the Indus seal from Mesopotamia tells us both civilizations were once in trade and ancient city of Moen Jo Daro was economic zone type city of its time.
Its sad that Indus manuscript till date haven't been translated , It surely holds many secrets of ancient humans.
Respect for you from Pakistan for highlighting the human chapter belonging to Indian sub continent.
Mehergarh was part of my indus valley civilization what are you talking about 😂 shut the hell up Illiterate people
@@saitamakun8266Pakistanis have higher Indus Valley civilization genes than a lot of Indians cope and seethe
@@Kh-nr4ng and before 47 pakistan was nothing but india. Cope and seethe. Pak hasnt even maintained the sites well enough and claim the civilization they couldn't maintain.
@@Kh-nr4ng not true many people from pak migrated to india during partition so...
@@mtk3755 a small percentage but most of the the ethnic people stayed in their ethnic land if a lot of Indian Muslims moved to Pakistan than there would be no Indian Muslims in Pakistan
This is great thanks. I love your illustration of the Lavallois technique. I hadn't appreciated what a change that was. I guess, like many inventions, a flaked werehacked off accidentally, giving the idea that such a useful thing could be replicated.
Excellent video, I can hardly imagine the mind boggling amount of research and collating of evidence to reach a “Best Guess” conclusion.
Thank you so much for attempting to explain the as yet inexplicable.
Frankly I watch the channel because you smile so much. Makes me smile, too:D. Really enjoy the professionality of the channel though. Btw, where does your focus end? Would you make more videos on early civilizations maybe, maybe the more obscure ones?
South asia also have cold weather and warm weather so there is a chance that those humans who lived there ended up adopting to the region which means they got those features without even a contact with other humans .
Ramayana itself can be dated back to 15,000 years old, the first poem ever written in a language, Sanskrit, that survives till date, Ramayana, details astronomical events that can be scientifically proven to have happened 15kya. Also geographical descriptions of the geography of entire Asia is given.
False
@@thisisgangadhar 🤡
@@crewrangergaming9582 triggered by facts LMAO
@@thisisgangadhar faxs 🗿
@@thisisgangadhar just so you know I am much more capable than these mindless responses but to clowns these are the best responses.
What if the African and Asian hominis evolved from the the South Asian Hominin?
We're not talking enough about the crossroads of the name Jimbob Blinkhorn😅
Totally fascinating.... Thank you Stefan
Genetics really is the superhero for anthropology 😅
You are spreading Great Knowledge brother !!! 😮
If all the human species from this time period were still around today, it could make for some very interesting and really exciting Olympic Games.
Super continent, Pangea began to breakup around 200 million years ago. The "India" landmass was once situated well south of the Equator, but its northern margins began to collide against the southward-moving Eurasian Plate about 40 to 50 million years ago, the collision between India and Eurasia occurred much later, around 35 million years ago. Were humans lived on moving indian plate 50 million years ago?
Must be the toughest place to evolve where mega-volcanoes explode occasionally, especially in the South East Asian region.
I don’t know much about commenting here on the expertise of you people. But as I heard that desert on the west of India…well there is historical evidence that there was river Saraswati where there is desert today. So, I think till a couple of thousand years ago, the area was not really a desert.
Just wanna say: that's an excellent mic.
Cool vid youngblood
India is a mystery for sure. Petraloma Man maybe related to Narmada Man. But there must have been Denisovans and/or Neanderthals there too
Also another thing I think is a big mistake that we make is believing that ancient civilisations were not advanced and we later became advanced. But what I truly believe is every nation from every ancient civilisations that came and went were advanced in their own ways that was required by their environments and lifestyle and the needs and wants of the people. For example, the way we live the way our life is our society is our environment is, it plays such a big role in how our mind and imagination works, as this all has an influence in not just how we perceive things but also how we imagine them to be and also the way we design them etc.. so we could never be able to have the same creativity as the people from our past, it’s very different. Our world allows our mind to imagine and design houses the way they’re. But if you went back to say the first few human beings that came to be, they would never be able to imagine building houses the way we do and there is nothing to influence that type of creativity and imagination, but there mind would be able to create and imagine different ways that we could never imagine but because certain civilian ruins architecture is still left behind and surviving we are able to now mentally be able to perceive their way of design that now our mind has the capability to design something similar but if we had no visual evidence it would be so hard for our mind to even conceive such design and creativity and imagination. The same way they could have never perceived our way of creativity and design. Their design of a house would be so different from ours but it doesn’t mean it won’t be just as advanced it’s just in a different way. I hope I kind got what I was trying to say across.
Oh wow diversity is really the theme in this part of the world. Complex and diverse.
My personal gut feeling from all that I have read is this: Maybe discussions on where to draw the line between species of post-erectus hominins is misplaced? With everything that we now know, Neanderthals having Sapiens mitochondria and Y chromosomes for up to 2/3 of their existence as a definable group of humans, the abnormally large percentages of Denisovan ancestry in South American populations, plus this new mystery Homo group you discussed which I had not heard of before you mentioned (something to look into now).
At what point do we say that these are just the same species of Erectus descendants living, trading, and travelling the same Pleistocene earth? After all a Great Dane and a Dachshund are both dogs. I was actually thinking about this several hours before watching this video based on a lot of stuff that I have been reading and watching lately (I am not an expert, so understanding some of the terms used in papers is hard at times; youtubers like yourself and History with Kayleigh does help immensely). The extreme blurring of lines between populations of archaic homo populations makes me really uncomfortable even using the descriptor of species to describe the difference.
Duuuuuuuuuuuuuuude post more regularly. If possible. Thanks. 😊
Now I want a T-shirt that says "Extinct Hominin 1"
Ok some points about Middle Paleolithic ... lithics. First, ever since Lower Paleolithic Oldowan, flakes are the tools. Yes, Acheulean bifaces were used as tools, but so too were the flakes removed to make them. So flakes have ALWAYS been stars of the show. The cognitive leap to Mousterian/Levallois does involve increased planning as stated, however it also marks an expansion of flaking behaviors. Reti's four Oldowan behaviors defined flaking techniques not just for Oldowan but also for Acheulean. Mousterian "muffin-top" prepared cores required at the minimum a near doubling flaking techniques, at least when including the Levallois points made from them.
There actually is a somewhat simple answer to your questions. A female cranium of Homo *heidelbergensis* fits the volume and shape of the skull you introduced at the beginning of your video. We also know that heidelbergensis moved eastward from Europe about 200,000 to 300,000 years ago, and may be responsible for the introduction of fire and cooking in Asia. It also would contribute to Asian genetics outside of Neanderthal and modern humans or *erectus* - but still be quite similar to Denisovan.
Very balanced presentation on this topic. I agree, it is fascinating. I hope you can enlighten me about the pronunciation of Acheulean. You pronounce the ch like sh in shoe. But isn’t it a Greek word, so wouldn’t it the ch be pronounced like K? That’s how I learned to pronounce Achilles (uh-kill-Ezekiel) in college (I had to read the Iliad), Chiron, and other Greek names. Have I been wrong all along? 😅
The moment you said "South Asia" , you went all wrong and berserk! It implies that you don't even know the geography of the place. It is the Indian SUBCONTINENT! It's not part of the Eurasian plate! It is a different geographical part altogether! It's still moving into the Eurasian plate! South of Asia is Tibet! The Indian SUBCONTINENT is pushing against South Asia!
Go get your geography checked! Especially when you're talking about something from a few million years back!
THEN Dont call our shared subcontinent "indian" when we pakistanis bengalis sri lankans nepalis are NOT at all indians and is disrespecting for us to be called so. BTW republic of india didnt exist before 1947 and the invading european forces coined the word "india" for the whole subcontinent.
invading Greeks called us indica year's ago btw if you had so much problem with it's oldest name why you wanted a new country why insult our great land and legacy with your modern day name we indians call it oldest name which was given to it it's you guys who are so disrespectful towards your ancestors that you want to change name.
It’s a geographic location. Cry about it. People in Japan don’t get upset when you say East Asia despite them being on their own island. It’s a peninsula with a tectonic border. By the same logic you shouldn’t call it South Africa because tHeY hAvE tHiEr OwN pLaTe.
@user-fw5gp2me9b No one is denying that you are Paaki you actually are, since you don't understand the difference between Bengalis (an ethnic group) and Bangladeshis (a nationality)
@solitairepilot People in Japan are not exposed to English content as much as Indians are. Therefore, Japanese people have the right to be offended if the Western world imposes its own understanding of them.
I just started learning about ancient humans in depth. I thought we all came out of Africa, spread out, than evolved to our surroundings. Then I learned Europeans have Neanderthal ancestors, Africans don't, Philippinos have Denisovan ancestors, etc.
How did we all turn out to be homo sapien's if we are mixed with different homimids?
because mixing was pretty rare, and they were all humans to begin with.
it just that their differences back then were a bit more than in races today.
some scientists argue that neanderthals and denisovans are homo sapiens.
but subspecies.
so they say that neanderthals should be classified homo sapiens neanderthalensis.
and we should be classified as homo sapiens sapiens
Great video! However, it predominantly features footage from the northern part of the South-Asian subcontinent, i.e. Kashmir, Ladakh, or Himachal. This may lead some viewers to mistakenly assume different topographies and climates.
I come from a very religious background. As a child I believed in Adam an Eve but now after reading about Evolution it seems funny and lunacy to think that we came from a pair of humans. While I was reading this huge topic It seemed very odd that very little information on humans of ancient Bangla or Bangladesh is known. now I have a good idea why there is so little information about that. Great video.
When I was child I was thinking every time I heard this story what happened after their children grown old who they married how their family grown up
@@krushnaji4940 I always thought that science is bullshit. And now I am studying it.
Shield has the sweetest, most beautiful voice
Lovely video.. i couldn't help but wonder if the possibility of the sunken lemuria land mass would further confuse things or help find a possible explanation.
It doesn't really surprise me that older technologies persisted. After all though we mow clearly live in the plastic age, iron and bronze are still in use.
Thanks so much for posting.
I can't help but imagine us in a few thousand years, when we are all a similar, pasty shade of grey, marveling at a new archeological discovery revealing the fact that Homo Sapiens Sapiens used to exist in all colours and shapes.
As a sri lankan i am obsessed with anthropology. When I was young my parents passed away in bike accident so I had to live in the streets. I made money from sweeping neighborhood streets and I used the money to buy bread and broth to eat everyday. I started to eat once every two days to save money for my first anthropology book but in winter I lost my hearing in one year because of the cold and lack of food as I was saving for buying the book.. I am working in a school as a sweeper today because I couldn’t afford education for anthropology degree. Maybe in next life.
Than how does you have internet nigga. Srilankan isn't like us where you can use internet in the library for free
Hope you win your life,
@@Mr.emu44 There's free internet access in many libraries in Sri Lanka. Also Sri Lanka provide free education.
Another great video. Thanks!