Wow @Stefan... Do you have any group with which you work. I am so very interested in kind of work you do but at the same time I have day time job.. So would be interesting to collaborate or just learn and read papers in anthropology for fun.. Good work I so proud and thankful for your work ..
2nd watch Man that gitty walk chat was just lovely. It's always nice seeing someone passionate about anything! I'm so happy your channel exists, every video is a blessing, and makes me happy to call you my brother (or perhaps, very distant cousin) Cheers amigo
As an Indian from the south, i am obsessed with anthropology but had to get an IT job to support my old parents. Maybe another life. Excellent video though 👍
also, unfortunately there is no incentive (socially or financially). I was super interested in these topics but never even thought about doing this as a profession as I never met someone working in this field or anyone talking about it. Taking Arts subject was almost thought to be embarrassing among my peers.
Dr. Nelliyattu C. Shyamalan A guy from Kerala who did some DNA research on the caste group of Thiyya from Kerala, his findings are somewhat shocking And yeah he's the dad of Hollywood Director Manoj Night Shyamalan
This was wonderful Stefan, clearly so much work went into it. I also wondered why the Indian subcontinent is not talked about so much. Such a great video.
@@StefanMilo how can that q paper say punjabi and guitarists have denisovans when there are no adaptions to it(wouldn't they be referring to Nepalese as they have denisovan adaptations)
Because of Himalayan mountains (spread east west)in the north and ocean in the south, south Asia gets sustained rainfall every year that is second to none. It also is on the same latitude as middle east. So its a perfect extreme of hot and wet. So human fossils are going to be extremely rare.
I really appreciate how you take these academic discussions and break them down for the average person who hasn't got degrees in these subjects. I learn so much from your channel.
The point about South Asia being transitionally isolated due to deserts, and the difficulty of travelling from east to west is something that I have never thought about before and is really interesting to think about for sure!
First time I'm hearing about "a Narmada skull". It of course adds to the pre-historic record and Anthropology. I've seen South Asia stone tools in the Goa museum, which is also not reported in studies. Very informative video.
You never mentioned that India has the worst conditions for fossil preservation. 1) It's hot. 2) It gets the highest rain penetrance in the world. Even though other tropical regions get more consistent rain, India is the only place that gets 2x the amount of rain for 4 months straight, which saturates the ground and kills fossilization chances. This is why almost all fossil DNA comes from Northern Eurasia, and to a much lesser extent the Middle East. The former is cold, and the latter is dry which helps to combat the hotness.
That skull that scientist found in Narmada river was literally in the River itself and survived the continuous water flow for about 200000 years what is possibly rain going to do to a human skull? Will it reduce it to atoms is what you are trying to say?
@@hahahahahahahaha6682 Basic middle school chemistry: Water is one of the best corrosives that we know of. That's why we don't drink pure distilled water, it thins out our gut. And that's just in a decade. Water will cut through anything given enough time. How do you think the Grand Canyon was formed? Also, just because we found ONE skull that survived in what you're interpreting as harsh conditions isn't evidence that this happens on a large scale. That's like finding a red rose and concluding that all roses in the world are red!
Thanks for taking us with you on your academic journey (not just this video, but your body of work). It is very brave of you to put yourself out there and let us 'walk with you' as you construct meaning and knowledge in your own head. It's a privilege. Thank you.
Been a fan for well over 2 years but you really exceeded my expectations with the coverage of this topic. Thank you for always bringing the forefront of great anthropology to us
Yes, Stefan is great at synthesizing overwhelming complexities into accessible stories for the layman, like myself, that are both interesting and up-to-date.
I agree with you both! Stephan is just wonderful. He makes learning easy for us by doing the research for us, then discarding everything that's not immediately relevant, and giving us what is relevant now, saving us all an astronomical amount of time!
Beeing a "cultural/social anthropologist" with south Asia and "historical ethnology" as a main subject, I love to watch stuff like this in the evening 😀. There are 3 or 4 channels worth to have a look at. Yours is one. Not boring at all (and with serious facts and thoughts). Well done.
Bangladeshi here, Gosh how I'd love to have a conversation with you and just pick your brains about everything you know about Southasia- you can't imagine how starved I am for a glimpse into my ancestors' past since we never got to learn about human evolution in school.
I love the “we don’t know for sure” feel to this. It’s what great about science. I do hope we are able to fill in some of the blank spaces and until then; we’ll done to you and those working on it!
@@issakzwarton9067 exactly we are just analyzing pieces of evidence and coming to conclusions one of the most satisfying and intriguing things according to me
@@6point8esspcee68 Thats some serious leaping. British probably, why assume rough childhood? I would assume opposite. Also, i dont know where people commenting are from , but "James" isnt remotely an unnusual name. I know many a james....one i see in the mirror every day.
My favorite thing about anthropology is that it’s all people from all over just learning about each other. There’s no room for racism when you get to learn that we are all just on different branches of the same path
Another great video. Being in Australia it led me to think about the first humans to populate Australia. I’d love to see a video like this about Australia and surrounding islands. How people spread through the region and how language developed would be a great start.
This would be amazing. There's evidence of human activity in Australia dating back as much as 60,000 year ago; there's so much history to tell and explore there. The migration and spread of Austronesian people would be fascinating as well. I'd love to see Stefan tackle these topics in his world-class videos.
There is a theory getting round that turns the out of africa around, and refers to a new model called, "Out of Australia". Look it up, Rebecca Cann i believe is the author.
Thats gonna require a series mate, we have more than 1000 languages just on one island alone. Maluku and Papua are obviously POI for their contribution to ocean navigation since the Outrigger canoe and dubble hull ship were created there with which Polynesia and Madagascar were colonized.
Listening to this vid again, Stefan, I realized that you are definitely the Tony Robinson of your field. You have a brilliant, insightful narrator’s voice that can tie together widely-separated finds from various geographical locations. I love your vids for this reason. I always feel that you have let me in on valuable insights. Bravo!
Thanks Stefan!!! So much to think about and imagine life in those times. Climate, resources, competition, mixing.... Fascinating! I am happy to be one of your patrons.
Best video yet. What a marvelous field- trying to fit the pieces together, not knowing what new pieces might appear and disrupt the model you thought was good, insanely curious but wary of certainty.
when at the start stefan said that this part of asia is overlooked for archeoology, its resonated with me SO MUCH. only 1 human skull to have been found here is such a shock to me. this part of the world has some serious parts of the evolutionary puzzle.
I have always speculated these people were shipped all over the world in mass numbers; which may explain why bones are not found where they should be. Bones found in other continents may not be of that person's origin. She/He could have been sent abroad as a slave for markets, labour, or war; and died where they were sent. Archeologists could be mistaken about human migration.
@@victoriamatthew4422 Intercontinental travel was not a thing during the time periods of when these humans whose fossils have been found were alive. The only means of transport was walking during the lifetimes of these fossils. Any fossil of a person found that existed in a time period where there were alternate forms of travel (such as with animals) don’t have any relevancy with the origins of humans and their migration. That would be considered modern human migration, while the time period that most archaeologists and palaeontologists are usually discussing is far before that.
Stefan, I loved this format of video you put together. This was one of my favorite videos from you. I love how you splice together all the different conversations you had along with great graphics and great narration as always. This was very well done. You should be very proud of this video.
I am from Pakistan. In studying the history of my country, I have gone back up to the Indus Valley Civilization and the pre-Indus farming communities of Mehrgarh and Beluchistan. And I thought I had gone far, but clearly, not far enough. Human habitation is indeed so much older and goes back to even pre-homo sapiens to even more archaic species of humans. It's mind blowing just how many people have stood behind us in order for us to enjoin in and enjoy this very moment in our lives. It teaches you gratitude.
@@BlackholeJET369 Incorrect. "india" is a word created by the British and india's history begins in 1947. At the time of the Indus Valley civilization of Pakistan, no such thing as India nor hinduism even existed. The Indus Valley civilization and pre Indus cultures of Mehrgarh were all located in Pakistan.
Fascinating video. I think your comment towards the end that we can become fixated on what each individual type of homo was doing is spot on. South Asia clearly illustrates how we need a truly holistic approach to the field, drawing in data from all types of research and using them together to create an elaborate illustration from where we can pick out overlaps, similarities and indeed differences.
Great video! It is so fascinating to piece together the puzzles of human evolution, basically life on a different time, a different world even! I loved the illustrations too ❤️
Outright stupendous, I can’t thank you enough for doing this research and synthesizing months of conversations and deep dives for us. I hope to see you here in 20 years helping us understand new discoveries!!
Absolutely fascinating! Human evolution cannot be put simply and joining you on this deep dive was a lot of fun! The complexity makes it all the more interesting.
Very interesting video. Thanks for uploading. The limestone caves of Meghalaya, in Krempuri hosts a number of geological specimens and the caves in Baratang Island in Andaman and Nicobar Islands should probably be the connecting point for the East and West ancestors. Lot of rock paintings can be seen in Bhimbetka Rock shelters in Raisen district, Madhya Pradesh. The excavations in Keezhadi, in Tamil Nadu has thrown some interesting theories on the migration of early man in India.
Very well done and well researched video. Love from Bangladesh 🇧🇩 I've been always searching for such an informative video about our subcontinent ancestors
A long time subscriber, your content has become phenomenal. You've always brought your particular nuance to topics, but you're tackling more diverse, difficult, and yet fascinating questions, now. Your determination and hard work show. Thank you! 💜🌏🥄😎
Some of the most exiting content online right now. In Danish we have this word "formidler" which is the title of someone whose job it is to convey technical information to laypeople, but unfortunately I can't really find an English equivalent - you're a great formidler, Stefan!
Not sure if anyone else mentioned this yet (too many comments!) but I love the commentary beginning at 29:22 for its insight into how we tend to want to oversimplify what must have been a very complex situation spanning a huge amount of time. I always thought the old "out of Africa" vs "multiregional evolution" debate was much too simplistic for the same reason. We make the same mistake in many other parts of science as well, where reality is often much more complicated than we expect.
@@WayOfTheCode ah yes lets blame everything on hindu nationalist will look cool. Was it the hindu nationalist in pakistan who waged war on india 4 times making us increase defence buget or was it the hindu nationalists who did multiple terrorist attacks in india shouting allah hu akbhar ?
I couldn't agree more. It was a pleasure to watch, I love the design and aesthetics his work is going in, while still keeping the Stefan charm. SpoonCam™ or no SpoonCam™! 😉
Tell you what: Milo’s style is far superior to the documentaries you can see on TV. Even the good ones tend to dumb down the material, fill the narration with irrelevant fluff, and instead of reporting honestly on the the state of our scientific knowledge they try to create an aura of mystery around each new and old discovery.
NOOO! This is so much better, he has most the control, its actual Non-sensationalized information thats STILL FASCINATING and its FREE even for broke people and people in so many different countries! The TV is just a Monitor these days anyway!
I am from Karachi, Pakistan and I absolutely love your channel. It was a treat to see an episode about South Asia. There are a alot of mesolithic sites close to where I live. From cave paintings to dolmens are scattered all around the city. Some sites which were recorded are now destroyed due to urbanization. Anyway, would love to see a future show on South Asia.
@@cloudfive4226 Extremely incorrect. Umayyad Caliphate. Lead by: Mohammad Bin Qasim (Sindh in 711) *ARABS* Indo-Scythians. Lead by: Maues (Taxila in 150 BC) *EASTERN IRANIAN NOMADS* Parthian Empire. Lead by: Gondophares l (Taxila in 19 CE) *PERSIANS/BALOCHS* Indian is not a race. Your patriotism has made you so blind, you think your nation is your race. Even worse, how can you claim Western Pakistani’s are genetically similar to Indian races over Afghani races or Iranian races. Delusional. Stop using the name your country only recently adopted (it was Bharat before Indian.) to claim a territory and a people (races) you have barely if ever interacted with.
Living in south india , this is full of goosebumps for me. There is a proverb in our tamil language that starts with :" kal thondra man thondra...."" which means there has been a civilization living here even before land and sand.. so one day we will know the truth :) absolutely mind blowing 🤯
The proverb "Kal thondri man thondra kalathu mun thondriya mutha kudi tamizil kudi" In Sangam period "Kal" means mountain, not stone, "man" means "land" and it says that after the creation of mountains and before the creation of land our people (tamizilans) were had an iron knife to hunt an animal's. This clearly points to the end of the ice age, which means 10000 - 11000 years.
Yes more fossil will be found in the future that will change everything but the trouble is at the moment archaeologists want to believe everything started and migrated from Africa so they will shun and regect any new discoveries, and in fact already have, hominid fossils have been found in India ,Asia , Greece that have been dated over 7 million years but have been ignored because they change everything and don’t fit their narrative.
its so amazing that in balochistan the tribe speaks bruhei language from Tamil language family, clarifying that it was Tamil not sanskrit that indigenous to sub continent and far older than aryan invasion time period
I hope you have archeologists there looking for ancient hominid fossils. It’s the same as everywhere else if you look hard enough you’ll find them. I don’t believe the out of Africa theory. Too many fossils have been found elsewhere, I believe some are just hanging on to that theory because they “want it to be true “.
You and your channel are newer to me within the past few weeks. Your content covers an astounding time of our history that is an intense interest for me. Thank you. I love your content!!!!! I really appreciate both your love and your knowledge of history. ❤❤❤❤❤❤
Growing up, my teachers never taught me much about evolution at school because of prevalent societal preference to stick to creationism (dominant Muslim population, duh). We never read about these things from history and science textbooks, either. Hence you can imagine how STARVED I've been for this type of content! I'm so fascinated by prehistoric human life and everything paleo yet rarely do I see videos on Southasia's early hominids since most of the discussions seem Europe/ Africa focused. Only found your channel about 2 yrs ago, love your usual content but this one hit home. I'm so happy you tried to dig into the Southasian rabbit hole! Love from Bangladesh.
Oh God.. Been there, faced that. I searched literally four or five times to see what was going on with this region. Why weren't we on forefront of human evolution? For every logical and contemporary purposes we should have been. It just feels like enlightenment. I mean, there should be research on our ancestorial lineage. To read that my history started from three or four thousand year ego, disconnected from other human species is just infuriating.
great video, I can't believe I've never thought about what's going on in India during this time before, always assumed it was just southern Denisovans, which I guess in a way was partially right. Also Attenborough's Mammoth Graveyard? What the hell, why don't we get that kind of quality content here in America...
Sheela Athreya is absolutely fascinating. (I really loved the notion of, "how you partition stuff" and "it's more about the processes than the labels.") I am not an academic in this field - so have no expectation to ever meet her... But wow, would be great to have a chat. Stefan, as always, you post such great videos!
Absolutely a great video. I learned more on my motherland. Keep thinking and discuss... definitely love to hear them. The state of Tamil Nadu has now put more funding into Archeological investigation...I hope we find some interesting stuffs in 20 yrs
Incredible stuff as always Stefan. You are bringing so much knowledge to world by bridging the gap between hardcore active researchers and armchair enthusiasts. You are like "Bhagirath" for lack of a better word. Keep going!
Very many thanks STEFAN: A first-class video; highly informative; raises some great questions; sparkling debates; and a creative use of graphs / maps / images etc. Keep up your wonderful work. Cheers Dr Alec Gill MBE
Weyyyy Balangoda Man namedrop! I literally just came from your other video about what life in the Paleolithic was like, after thinking "why does no one talk about Balangoda man and SL" (where I'm from). Lo and behold you have a video. Good stuff.
I might be a bit naive in my logic, but what is the big challenge of the technologies coexisting?! I compare it to fishing rod - sure, they were many advances over time, yet, you can still find scouts creating simple rods, to the most sophisticated composite rod out there...they would coexist for 100s of year due to many reasons (complexity, purpose, costs, etc). Either way, fascinating info, thanks for your great vids!
Exactly what i thought upon hearing of the problem. It could be a combination of cultural transmission and isolation and small wars and diseases, as well as environmental factors. How many people do you know that can make a fire from scratch? How many could smelt bronze or make a clay pot? If i was isolated with a group of friends or family in a strange area, we would probably make sharpened sticks and bifaced hand axes, until we found some flint (where does one even look for flint?). Then the more technical of us would make improved tools if/when we had time while surviving. We would have to re-invent technologies every time. I can see this happening even now, as most people cannot (or will not) even read books anymore and dont have basic building and farming and hunting skills - what happens when the power goes out for a few months or heaven forbid a nuclear war or asteroid hit?
@@cyanofelisbecause in basically all other regions the development of new stone technology has seen it replace older ones relatively quickly. So its not really a question of why cant they coexist, but more of a question why did it coexist here for so long.
@twanheijkoop6753 I see. I just feel that there are so many comparable innovations in today's world that still show huge ranges in complexity which we voluntarily keep around. Like thatch roofing versus anything else. Or brooms. For example, I just visited Tokyo and was amused that some of the street cleaners in one of the most technologically developed countries were using literal branches as brooms to sweep things up. People still appear to use familiar or primitive tools if they work well and are easily created, even if they have access to and skill with more advanced versions.
I was interested in this type of topics- Anthropology, Paleontogy and even Evolutionary biology since my early teens. But unfortunately there's not much environment for research-oriented careers for this topics in India(which I suppose has a rich geological and biological wealth within it). Due to this I shifted my focus on somewhere else for a high-paid job to take my family & community out of poverty.
Everyone who is in the IT sector and has a "high-paid job" today is anything but not crazy rich (compared to the general country population) enough to worry about supporting parents and relatives while working. As an Indian just in college, be honest that you loved the allure of quick money while preparing for Jee and it and stuff and that you regret that decision in some ways. why are so many Indians like you so pretentious?
I think this is my favorite of SM videos so far. I love how it’s structured and presented and this science is so fascinating - so cutting edge. Great to hear it from the scientists. And SM of course. The statement about processes and influences on the evolution and dispersals rings throughout. Awesome
Great presentation. Keeping this video for reference. I also am fascinated by the ancient, archaic movements of the inhabitants of south Asia. They are connected to the Australian aborigines and some of the Asian Pacific people. There are iconic stories hidden therein,. For sure.
Thank you for such an amazing and interesting video Stefan! Your hard work shows!! And i enjoy it a lot in your videos when you grab the camera and walk outside and talk to us, its refreshing!
I always found it weird that the Indian subcontinent doesn't feature much in basic Anthropology outside of the Indus Valley Civilization. They say the Vedas are at least 5000 years old (some say they are even 10-15k years old) so who wrote these exactly? It's really befuddling to be told stories about the great country Hindustan with such little scientific literature on the subject. More funding (and support for humanities) is needed in the subcontinent!
@robertolang9684Indus valley civilisation was way more civilized than some of the present cities of Europe. The number zero came from an Indian scientist. Read vedas and you'll find out the concept of relativity was mentioned thousands of years before Einstein wrote about it.
@robertolang9684 Are you crazy? So much of our civilisational heritage in the West is owed to India. India was the epicenter of human thought and the human imagination for millennia.
u have zero knowledge of anything.oldest universities were in subcontinent,many chinese arab scholars have wrote about knowledge they got from subcontinent which later travelled south east and to west. typical troll having 0 knowledge@robertolang9684
Pakistan is amongst the few nations that sit on the borders of vastly different regions, I think it's the only country with such large variety. You have South Asia, Central Asia, West Asia, China, and Arabian peninsular across the sea, where there were historical linkages. Pakistan specific evaluation would be interesting.
@@namednpc before 1947, there was no country called bharat, India, or Hindustan. That's a fact. A rose by any other name would smell the same. The people of Pakistan have existed since the dawn of time, it's their land, their history, their country, that's Pakistan. This history of the Indus region is Pakistani history. That's a fact.
@@youknow6968 you can deny as much you want but history books all over the world will tell you the same there are no Pakistani people before 1947 , the country itself born in 1947 on 14 August
@@namednpc when did I deny it? I'm not a fool living in a fantasy, like you. Read what I wrote again, it's written words, easy to understand. 😘 I stated facts, covering all the historical realities. Including the fact India didn't exist as a country either before 1947, you can deny it, but you can't change facts 😘😂😂
Regarding "Evolutionary Processes", the Tribal populations of rural India deserve more comprehensive DNA study. These gene pools are quickly being diluted. Of special interest is an area called Rahr, meaning "Red or Laterite Soil" which is referenced by the philosopher PR Sarkar, Shrii Shrii Anandamurti, as the birthplace of human beings. This area is Jharkhand and West Bengal States near Bokaro Steel City. There is a small hill, near Pundag in West Bengal, that is named "Fossil Hill". Paleontologists and Archaeologists would be well served to investigate what is there.
Great vid Stefan you rock brother. The many beards and shirts adds montage feel. Months of work condensed into 30 superb minutes. Thanks for this, you deserve success.
I used to find indian arrowheads in West Virginia, where I grew up. This video makes me regret not saving them. I'm 69 years old now and have been living in Egypt the past 17 years. So, I have had a rich life... Why don't I have a collection of arrowheads with me? I just don't know. I can see them in my mind's eye. I remember how thrilling it was to dig one up. I saved them but have no idea when or how they left my life. This channel is one of my favorites. Not my area of formal study but so interesting. And the host is just a genuine intellectual. And nice.... Appreciate his sharing his knowledge with us.
@@TW7S95 fell in love over a computer. I guess I hypnotized myself to be that in love. Gave everything up, packed 3 bags and came to the Middle East. Lived in Dubai, Kuwait, visited all the gulf countries. Now, it's as if I can't leave here. Even if I wanted to. I either found myself, lost myself or a little bit of both.😋
@@mshammond_uk1831 hi, well I've had ups and downs, but have gotten through culture struggles and made a place for myself to live comfortably. I have a smaller social life than I prefer because I will always have my intellect, culture and interests as an American and there's not a lot of a connection because in general it is a developing country and society here is very traditional, not many free thinkers. Ex: a 35 year man won't marry a woman... If his mother doesn't approve. Both families negotiate and must agree. This region in general cannot manage time and I am still 5 minutes early for appointments and they are an hour or more late. So the cultural difference is huge. Sharm Al Shilkh or wealthy areas in Cairo or Alexandria have progressed and one may find it acceptable. I suspect I will never return home at my age, so I adapted. It took years to understand it here but I finally got it. Haha. Thank you for asking.
@@mshammond_uk1831 a visit would be unforgettable and nice, but to live here, honestly, is difficult. You would be welcomed a million times if you came as a tourist, so think about coming.❤️
Would you ever make a video dedicated to the Australian aboriginals they have such a diverse and interesting history and the hundreds of different cultures too are just fascinating Onya mate from Australia 🇦🇺
I think that India, Pakistan and Sir Lankans are more related to the Australian aboriginals than Asian. After all, during the Gondwana period the India region originally broke off from Western Australia and migrated north till it hit Asia. It kept trying to move north creating Tibet and the Himalayas. Human history has a lot more complexity to it than historian portray it as to being.
I think he has done a video on Australian Aboriginals, but this video is next level and I would love him to continue the discussion from this point and connect it to Australian Aboriginal people
@@andyl3361 This not history Einstein, more science. If you had people recording the time period, which is what history is. You won't need science to figure it out. Stop trying to believe what you want!!!🤣
Excellent! Throughout recorded history indian subcontinent and Central Asia was at crossroads of East and West. So you may not be very far from revelation. I hope that missing piece of this puzzle will be found soon.
Stefan, I have a topic suggestion for you. Considering your location in the PNW, you might research the curious story of ISHI. Ishi was a native American child captured by railroad workers at the beginning of the 20th century. His origin is deeply interesting and should be academically investigated.
Regarding the Narmada cranium -- with a cranial capacity in the modern range, why do we _not_ think could have been an individual on the Neandersovan branch? This was an especially fascinating episode. Keep up the good work.
Brilliant in every way Stefan, great research & production & superb that you're baffled looking so much forward to what the future holds for your knowledge expansion. Love your wrok!
Due to its climate and geography, the Indian subcontinent housed the largest concentration of humanity for the longest period of history and ydna evidence has now conclusively proved this. But this fertility, high population and wet climate is the reason why there is such a low rate of fossil preservation. And unfortunately modern archeology, unfortunately prefers to hide inconsistencies in their simplistic assumptions/models rather than try to use all the data and determine what actually happened
I‘m glad you decided to post this, it was hard to comprehend and felt like isolated data points, but I get it. We are still learning,generations through
Thank you Stefan for acknowledging Attirampakkam paleolithic stone age site. Note: Attirampakkam is located near to my hometown(chennai) not in Andhra pradesh
@@veerareddy9119 chauvinism seriously?! Attirampakkam is located near Chennai is a fact. Wouldn’t you provide the fact if someone says that Tirupati is located in Tamil Nadu or would you remain mum in order to not portray yourself as a Telugu chauvinist?
@@veerareddy9119 What a shallow mindset you have. Approach content like this as an academic not as a person fuelled by politics and ethnic divide. For years we have fought with our brethren, a fight which was orchestrated by a third party (our colonisers). Please stop that and look at the bigger picture.
I will have to watch this a few times. It's packed with so much, it deserves more attention. I have DNA from 2 areas of India, yet overall, I show up as Viking. Yes, my ancestors really got around the world. Even to Peru and Columbia. The far east is represented as well. I love people watching. Often I see people with very ancient features, like men with very pronounced ridges above the eyes, and chinless people. The ancient and the evolved are still all around us, imo. I'm a bit surprised that you felt it important to look the same throughout this presentation, but it does make more sense to me now. Given the fascinating dive you did, I may not have noticed at all! Bones fascinate me. I found some very interesting rocks in China, including a stone age tool in a desert. I also found a fingerbone and the upper ridge of a scapula in the same location. Sand hides so much! Of greater interest is a square black rock with a broken know on one end. One side is blank, but the other side shows faint signs of some sort of writing, mostly worn away. There never seems to be enough time to deeply study everything in an interdisciplinary way. Thank you so much. I really appreciate your point of view.
Brown Indian here with Nordic wife. Our kids are copies of me (son - darker skin - black hair, daddy features) and her (daughter - lighter skin with light brown hair, hazel eyes). My daughter has destroyed my Indian genes :) I had to do a DNA test after her birth as she had pale hair (majority white babies are born with blonde hair). My wife kicked my ballz and did the test and yes, she is 100% Daddy's DNA. My friend is Danish, married to an African lady. Their kids are even more exotic. I predict a future where eventually all of us will be mixed up to great extend (more than what we already are).
i am so glad , i found your vids......i found your work, through north 02...........i cant wait to watch all your vids....i have been studying this same field , and so much more since 1991........keep up the hard work ol'boy ....your doing very well....congrats
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Wow @Stefan... Do you have any group with which you work. I am so very interested in kind of work you do but at the same time I have day time job.. So would be interesting to collaborate or just learn and read papers in anthropology for fun.. Good work I so proud and thankful for your work ..
2nd watch
Man that gitty walk chat was just lovely. It's always nice seeing someone passionate about anything!
I'm so happy your channel exists, every video is a blessing, and makes me happy to call you my brother (or perhaps, very distant cousin)
Cheers amigo
link your music ape!
please
Thank you for covering South Asia.. every one seems leave this part out of Archeological discoveries.
There was no lndia before 15th August 1947.
As an Indian from the south, i am obsessed with anthropology but had to get an IT job to support my old parents. Maybe another life. Excellent video though 👍
also, unfortunately there is no incentive (socially or financially). I was super interested in these topics but never even thought about doing this as a profession as I never met someone working in this field or anyone talking about it. Taking Arts subject was almost thought to be embarrassing among my peers.
@@devverma144 exactly, same thing.
@@devverma144 same man i can feel too
Same here, from East India, cheers.
Dr. Nelliyattu C. Shyamalan
A guy from Kerala who did some DNA research on the caste group of Thiyya from Kerala, his findings are somewhat shocking
And yeah he's the dad of Hollywood Director Manoj Night Shyamalan
This was wonderful Stefan, clearly so much work went into it. I also wondered why the Indian subcontinent is not talked about so much. Such a great video.
Thank you! Yeah it really doesn’t get the attention it deserves. Hopefully some more human remains will thrust it into the limelight a bit
@@StefanMilo how can that q paper say punjabi and guitarists have denisovans when there are no adaptions to it(wouldn't they be referring to Nepalese as they have denisovan adaptations)
Bfrahmin quota people destroys evidences.
@@StefanMilo Thank u from India
@@ajithsidhu7183 guitarists?
As a Sri Lankan going for a career in arcaheology and anthropology, thank you for making this video :) I love your videos a lot
kohomada kollo jeewithe
u have my blessing for your work
Best wishes from 🇱🇰
@@firstconsul001eppedi machan pokethe
all the best in your career!!
Because of Himalayan mountains (spread east west)in the north and ocean in the south, south Asia gets sustained rainfall every year that is second to none. It also is on the same latitude as middle east. So its a perfect extreme of hot and wet. So human fossils are going to be extremely rare.
I really appreciate how you take these academic discussions and break them down for the average person who hasn't got degrees in these subjects. I learn so much from your channel.
I'm blown away by how this channel has evolved. This is one of the best videos so far.
I disagree, the channel is very *intelligently designed* 🤣
@@aakhthuu Oh, come on now!! It is obviously an Alien Creation!!
This channel is the only thing that has evolved.
The point about South Asia being transitionally isolated due to deserts, and the difficulty of travelling from east to west is something that I have never thought about before and is really interesting to think about for sure!
It's also much wetter region which doesn't help in preserving fossils unlike Arabia , north Africa etc which are absolute drier.
@@Q_QQ_Q nah, north west is just as humid as germany
@@ishanpareek2188 read again .
Also remember that you might be attributing these based on current climate. 250k years ago it might have looked and felt completely differently there.
@@7xr1e20ln8 Like the Sahara and Arabia green period.
First time I'm hearing about "a Narmada skull". It of course adds to the pre-historic record and Anthropology. I've seen South Asia stone tools in the Goa museum, which is also not reported in studies. Very informative video.
You never mentioned that India has the worst conditions for fossil preservation.
1) It's hot.
2) It gets the highest rain penetrance in the world.
Even though other tropical regions get more consistent rain, India is the only place that gets 2x the amount of rain for 4 months straight, which saturates the ground and kills fossilization chances.
This is why almost all fossil DNA comes from Northern Eurasia, and to a much lesser extent the Middle East. The former is cold, and the latter is dry which helps to combat the hotness.
And also its worth to notice our govt also have 0 interest. For sure we can get many fossils if govt is dedicated as well
That skull that scientist found in Narmada river was literally in the River itself and survived the continuous water flow for about 200000 years what is possibly rain going to do to a human skull? Will it reduce it to atoms is what you are trying to say?
@@hahahahahahahaha6682 Basic middle school chemistry: Water is one of the best corrosives that we know of. That's why we don't drink pure distilled water, it thins out our gut. And that's just in a decade. Water will cut through anything given enough time. How do you think the Grand Canyon was formed?
Also, just because we found ONE skull that survived in what you're interpreting as harsh conditions isn't evidence that this happens on a large scale. That's like finding a red rose and concluding that all roses in the world are red!
The most critical of facts often wilfully ignored.
Srilanka, which is closer to equator, which is more humid, has fossil which dates to 23,000 years.
Thanks for taking us with you on your academic journey (not just this video, but your body of work). It is very brave of you to put yourself out there and let us 'walk with you' as you construct meaning and knowledge in your own head. It's a privilege. Thank you.
Such high quality content. I and i'm sure all of us here on the webs really appreciate you and your hard work. Absolutely Stellar stuff man
Been a fan for well over 2 years but you really exceeded my expectations with the coverage of this topic. Thank you for always bringing the forefront of great anthropology to us
Well, there is at least one other channel that produces exemplary work.
Yes, Stefan is great at synthesizing overwhelming complexities into accessible stories for the layman, like myself, that are both interesting and up-to-date.
I agree with you both! Stephan is just wonderful. He makes learning easy for us by doing the research for us, then discarding everything that's not immediately relevant, and giving us what is relevant now, saving us all an astronomical amount of time!
Beeing a "cultural/social anthropologist" with south Asia and "historical ethnology" as a main subject, I love to watch stuff like this in the evening 😀. There are 3 or 4 channels worth to have a look at. Yours is one. Not boring at all (and with serious facts and thoughts). Well done.
What are the other channels? I’d love to have a look. Stefan Milo is my favourite UA-camr.
@@chrispeacock1257 same question from me haha
@@khirn10 same
@@chrispeacock1257 same
Bangladeshi here, Gosh how I'd love to have a conversation with you and just pick your brains about everything you know about Southasia- you can't imagine how starved I am for a glimpse into my ancestors' past since we never got to learn about human evolution in school.
I love the “we don’t know for sure” feel to this. It’s what great about science. I do hope we are able to fill in some of the blank spaces and until then; we’ll done to you and those working on it!
Feels more like a discussion than being preached to
@@issakzwarton9067 exactly we are just analyzing pieces of evidence and coming to conclusions one of the most satisfying and intriguing things according to me
7:43 can we just acknowledge how Jimbob Blinkhorn might actually be the greatest name in human history? That’s fantastic.
Why
And judging from his accent, British. Rough childhood, I'd expect.
@@TheOnkarj why is it a great name? Idk bro. It sounds fun. Who cares why, that’s an awesome name. If ya don’t like it then idk what to tell ya.
@@6point8esspcee68 Thats some serious leaping. British probably, why assume rough childhood? I would assume opposite. Also, i dont know where people commenting are from , but "James" isnt remotely an unnusual name. I know many a james....one i see in the mirror every day.
Top quality stuff once again, Stefan! Thank you and greetings from Finland.
My favorite thing about anthropology is that it’s all people from all over just learning about each other. There’s no room for racism when you get to learn that we are all just on different branches of the same path
I feel the same! I love Anthro and wish I had continued on to my Masters and PhD in it. Well said.
@@sunnys3325 At this point, they're not even branches. We're just walking in slightly different parts of the *same path* genetically speaking.
We’re still evolving. We just might reach a Star Trek type level of existence. If Earth 🌋 or space ☄️ doesn’t do a FU humans.
@@thomashiggins9320 sure seems that way
There has been plenty of racism in Anthropology and human origins.
Another great video. Being in Australia it led me to think about the first humans to populate Australia. I’d love to see a video like this about Australia and surrounding islands. How people spread through the region and how language developed would be a great start.
This would be amazing. There's evidence of human activity in Australia dating back as much as 60,000 year ago; there's so much history to tell and explore there. The migration and spread of Austronesian people would be fascinating as well. I'd love to see Stefan tackle these topics in his world-class videos.
Great comment.
Lots of mystery yet to be unveiled here. 😉
There is a theory getting round that turns the out of africa around, and refers to a new model called, "Out of Australia". Look it up, Rebecca Cann i believe is the author.
Me too!
Thats gonna require a series mate, we have more than 1000 languages just on one island alone. Maluku and Papua are obviously POI for their contribution to ocean navigation since the Outrigger canoe and dubble hull ship were created there with which Polynesia and Madagascar were colonized.
Listening to this vid again, Stefan, I realized that you are definitely the Tony Robinson of your field. You have a brilliant, insightful narrator’s voice that can tie together widely-separated finds from various geographical locations. I love your vids for this reason. I always feel that you have let me in on valuable insights. Bravo!
Thanks Stefan!!! So much to think about and imagine life in those times. Climate, resources, competition, mixing.... Fascinating! I am happy to be one of your patrons.
Best video yet. What a marvelous field- trying to fit the pieces together, not knowing what new pieces might appear and disrupt the model you thought was good, insanely curious but wary of certainty.
I really appreciate your willingness to do all the hard work to bring us these videos.
when at the start stefan said that this part of asia is overlooked for archeoology, its resonated with me SO MUCH. only 1 human skull to have been found here is such a shock to me. this part of the world has some serious parts of the evolutionary puzzle.
I have always speculated these people were shipped all over the world in mass numbers; which may explain why bones are not found where they should be. Bones found in other continents may not be of that person's origin. She/He could have been sent abroad as a slave for markets, labour, or war; and died where they were sent. Archeologists could be mistaken about human migration.
@@victoriamatthew4422 Intercontinental travel was not a thing during the time periods of when these humans whose fossils have been found were alive. The only means of transport was walking during the lifetimes of these fossils. Any fossil of a person found that existed in a time period where there were alternate forms of travel (such as with animals) don’t have any relevancy with the origins of humans and their migration. That would be considered modern human migration, while the time period that most archaeologists and palaeontologists are usually discussing is far before that.
Stefan,
I loved this format of video you put together. This was one of my favorite videos from you. I love how you splice together all the different conversations you had along with great graphics and great narration as always. This was very well done. You should be very proud of this video.
I have been waiting for a video on subcontinental Asia. Thank you Stefan. You do amazing work on this channel.
Nice to see such an appreciated and underappreciated region get time in the spotlight, great video!
I sincerely thank you for this. It scratched an itch of a question I've had for years, but no accessible media were willing to approach!
I am from Pakistan. In studying the history of my country, I have gone back up to the Indus Valley Civilization and the pre-Indus farming communities of Mehrgarh and Beluchistan. And I thought I had gone far, but clearly, not far enough. Human habitation is indeed so much older and goes back to even pre-homo sapiens to even more archaic species of humans. It's mind blowing just how many people have stood behind us in order for us to enjoin in and enjoy this very moment in our lives. It teaches you gratitude.
Your country's history is starting from 1947, b4 that it was India
I'm not sure that human habitation goes back to the pre-human era.
WOW very interesting reply, thanks
@@BlackholeJET369 Incorrect. "india" is a word created by the British and india's history begins in 1947. At the time of the Indus Valley civilization of Pakistan, no such thing as India nor hinduism even existed. The Indus Valley civilization and pre Indus cultures of Mehrgarh were all located in Pakistan.
@@BlackholeJET369 cry about it India also never existed all states were independent and their separate entities
Thanks
Was feeling stressed and tired and Stefan drops a video- perfect remedy ❤
Fascinating video. I think your comment towards the end that we can become fixated on what each individual type of homo was doing is spot on. South Asia clearly illustrates how we need a truly holistic approach to the field, drawing in data from all types of research and using them together to create an elaborate illustration from where we can pick out overlaps, similarities and indeed differences.
Great video! It is so fascinating to piece together the puzzles of human evolution, basically life on a different time, a different world even! I loved the illustrations too ❤️
Outright stupendous, I can’t thank you enough for doing this research and synthesizing months of conversations and deep dives for us. I hope to see you here in 20 years helping us understand new discoveries!!
Absolutely fascinating! Human evolution cannot be put simply and joining you on this deep dive was a lot of fun! The complexity makes it all the more interesting.
Very interesting video. Thanks for uploading. The limestone caves of Meghalaya, in Krempuri hosts a number of geological specimens and the caves in Baratang Island in Andaman and Nicobar Islands should probably be the connecting point for the East and West ancestors. Lot of rock paintings can be seen in Bhimbetka Rock shelters in Raisen district, Madhya Pradesh.
The excavations in Keezhadi, in Tamil Nadu has thrown some interesting theories on the
migration of early man in India.
Western part of Meghalaya in garo hills region, stone age tools were also found.
Very well done and well researched video. Love from Bangladesh 🇧🇩 I've been always searching for such an informative video about our subcontinent ancestors
We don't usually have ancestors.
@@Viral-dv4sbl then where are we from? Dropped from the sky or emerged from the sea?
Man the production quality of your vids has gone through the roof over the past few months. Damn well interesting.
This was probably your best video yet. Thanks for the work that you put into making such great content.
A long time subscriber, your content has become phenomenal. You've always brought your particular nuance to topics, but you're tackling more diverse, difficult, and yet fascinating questions, now. Your determination and hard work show. Thank you! 💜🌏🥄😎
Some of the most exiting content online right now. In Danish we have this word "formidler" which is the title of someone whose job it is to convey technical information to laypeople, but unfortunately I can't really find an English equivalent - you're a great formidler, Stefan!
Time for us to adopt it as a loanword. Don't worry 'formidler', there is already a lot of Old Norse in English, you'll fit right in!
Amazing. This opened so many question boxes in my head. I am enthused to explore more and request you to dig some more for us. Thank you
Not sure if anyone else mentioned this yet (too many comments!) but I love the commentary beginning at 29:22 for its insight into how we tend to want to oversimplify what must have been a very complex situation spanning a huge amount of time. I always thought the old "out of Africa" vs "multiregional evolution" debate was much too simplistic for the same reason. We make the same mistake in many other parts of science as well, where reality is often much more complicated than we expect.
Finally someone made a video on the topic I always searched for. As a Bangladeshi I always wanted to know the evolution history of this region.
Lovely how you approach this challenge in your career, you are a great inspiration as a content creator
Its so true, India is literally sidelined in human evolution discussion!!!
Mostly because we don’t fund it much locally and sone hindu nationalists have made it super political.
@@WayOfTheCode did you have to get your “liberal “ mindset here ??
@@WayOfTheCode ah yes lets blame everything on hindu nationalist will look cool. Was it the hindu nationalist in pakistan who waged war on india 4 times making us increase defence buget or was it the hindu nationalists who did multiple terrorist attacks in india shouting allah hu akbhar ?
@@WayOfTheCode did Hindu nationalists force you to remain stuck in ur colonial hangover?
@@Tuluva_Yavdheya because Brahmin think they are descendants of rishis not monkeys
Absolutely fantastic video, such high quality viewing. Thanks for all the hard work you put into this creation.
I really appreciate how much work you put in, the care you took, and all the great people you interviewed for this video. I learned a lot!
Thanks for pumping out the best vids Stefan! I always look forward to seeing your new vids!
Great video Stefan, as usual. Your passion for the subject really shines in this one
Wow you must have put a massive amount of work into this video. IMO you have graduated from UA-cam and might be ready for the world of documentaries.
I couldn't agree more. It was a pleasure to watch, I love the design and aesthetics his work is going in, while still keeping the Stefan charm. SpoonCam™ or no SpoonCam™! 😉
Tell you what: Milo’s style is far superior to the documentaries you can see on TV. Even the good ones tend to dumb down the material, fill the narration with irrelevant fluff, and instead of reporting honestly on the the state of our scientific knowledge they try to create an aura of mystery around each new and old discovery.
NOOO! This is so much better, he has most the control, its actual Non-sensationalized information thats STILL FASCINATING and its FREE even for broke people and people in so many different countries!
The TV is just a Monitor these days anyway!
@@pansepot1490 agreed! They repeat same things over and over and try to force this mysterious excitement over things. That format would be a step down
I am from Karachi, Pakistan and I absolutely love your channel. It was a treat to see an episode about South Asia. There are a alot of mesolithic sites close to where I live. From cave paintings to dolmens are scattered all around the city. Some sites which were recorded are now destroyed due to urbanization. Anyway, would love to see a future show on South Asia.
do you still believe in Allah
Well you do realize that you all are not the true inhabitants of that land.
@@cloudfive4226ahaha what do u mean
@@Goku-zc8tp real Inhabitants were Indians, not Arabs, not Persian, not Turk
@@cloudfive4226
Extremely incorrect.
Umayyad Caliphate. Lead by: Mohammad Bin Qasim (Sindh in 711) *ARABS*
Indo-Scythians. Lead by: Maues (Taxila in 150 BC) *EASTERN IRANIAN NOMADS*
Parthian Empire. Lead by: Gondophares l (Taxila in 19 CE) *PERSIANS/BALOCHS*
Indian is not a race. Your patriotism has made you so blind, you think your nation is your race. Even worse, how can you claim Western Pakistani’s are genetically similar to Indian races over Afghani races or Iranian races. Delusional. Stop using the name your country only recently adopted (it was Bharat before Indian.) to claim a territory and a people (races) you have barely if ever interacted with.
Living in south india , this is full of goosebumps for me. There is a proverb in our tamil language that starts with :" kal thondra man thondra...."" which means there has been a civilization living here even before land and sand.. so one day we will know the truth :) absolutely mind blowing 🤯
The proverb "Kal thondri man thondra kalathu mun thondriya mutha kudi tamizil kudi" In Sangam period "Kal" means mountain, not stone, "man" means "land" and it says that after the creation of mountains and before the creation of land our people (tamizilans) were had an iron knife to hunt an animal's. This clearly points to the end of the ice age, which means 10000 - 11000 years.
As a Pakistani, this is fascinating. During the ice age the sea levels were lower so more land was exposed for human settlement
Yes more fossil will be found in the future that will change everything but the trouble is at the moment archaeologists want to believe everything started and migrated from Africa so they will shun and regect any new discoveries, and in fact already have, hominid fossils have been found in India ,Asia , Greece that have been dated over 7 million years but have been ignored because they change everything and don’t fit their narrative.
its so amazing that in balochistan the tribe speaks bruhei language from Tamil language family, clarifying that it was Tamil not sanskrit that indigenous to sub continent and far older than aryan invasion time period
I hope you have archeologists there looking for ancient hominid fossils. It’s the same as everywhere else if you look hard enough you’ll find them. I don’t believe the out of Africa theory. Too many fossils have been found elsewhere, I believe some are just hanging on to that theory because they “want it to be true “.
I love how anthropology sort of flows into ancient history
I started off digging into ancient human history and realized how important anthropology can help connect the dots
We are the lucky ones Stefan. Thank you for the hard work, to all, who make these videos.
You and your channel are newer to me within the past few weeks. Your content covers an astounding time of our history that is an intense interest for me. Thank you. I love your content!!!!! I really appreciate both your love and your knowledge of history. ❤❤❤❤❤❤
Love your videos, Stephan! Your video editing is top-notch!
Growing up, my teachers never taught me much about evolution at school because of prevalent societal preference to stick to creationism (dominant Muslim population, duh). We never read about these things from history and science textbooks, either. Hence you can imagine how STARVED I've been for this type of content! I'm so fascinated by prehistoric human life and everything paleo yet rarely do I see videos on Southasia's early hominids since most of the discussions seem Europe/ Africa focused. Only found your channel about 2 yrs ago, love your usual content but this one hit home. I'm so happy you tried to dig into the Southasian rabbit hole!
Love from Bangladesh.
Oh God.. Been there, faced that. I searched literally four or five times to see what was going on with this region. Why weren't we on forefront of human evolution? For every logical and contemporary purposes we should have been. It just feels like enlightenment. I mean, there should be research on our ancestorial lineage. To read that my history started from three or four thousand year ego, disconnected from other human species is just infuriating.
@@nafijulalam3255 ikr?!
@@saraf5414 Yeah :)
Very relatable
Thank you for your openness, bhai
as a Bangladeshi, its so rare but great to see my country being represented and recognized and talked about
True that.
We know as indian
Yes
Bangladeshis have partial East Asian ancestry
Bangladesh isn't very receptive of ideas like evolution. Glad to see a fellow Bangladeshi here.
Thanks for Making this educative video...
Love from Bangladesh 🇧🇩
Fascinating! It's a subject you don't hear too much about. And I really like the way you're always happy to admit "we really don't know".
Stefan, I’m an anthropology major, with an emphasis in Native American Studies. I’m also addicted to your content👍🏼
great video, I can't believe I've never thought about what's going on in India during this time before, always assumed it was just southern Denisovans, which I guess in a way was partially right.
Also Attenborough's Mammoth Graveyard? What the hell, why don't we get that kind of quality content here in America...
Because stupidity sells and America's a big consumer in stupid.
Great video! A nuanced, open-minded presentation of what we know so far and what we don't know yet!
Sheela Athreya is absolutely fascinating. (I really loved the notion of, "how you partition stuff" and "it's more about the processes than the labels.") I am not an academic in this field - so have no expectation to ever meet her... But wow, would be great to have a chat. Stefan, as always, you post such great videos!
Absolutely a great video. I learned more on my motherland. Keep thinking and discuss... definitely love to hear them. The state of Tamil Nadu has now put more funding into Archeological investigation...I hope we find some interesting stuffs in 20 yrs
To find out Tamils are onge descendents
Incredible stuff as always Stefan. You are bringing so much knowledge to world by bridging the gap between hardcore active researchers and armchair enthusiasts. You are like "Bhagirath" for lack of a better word. Keep going!
Who is bhagirath
@@introtwerp his aaya (grandma)
Very many thanks STEFAN: A first-class video; highly informative; raises some great questions; sparkling debates; and a creative use of graphs / maps / images etc. Keep up your wonderful work. Cheers Dr Alec Gill MBE
Thanks Stefan for a fascinating and informative presentation!
Weyyyy Balangoda Man namedrop! I literally just came from your other video about what life in the Paleolithic was like, after thinking "why does no one talk about Balangoda man and SL" (where I'm from). Lo and behold you have a video. Good stuff.
Jimbob Blinkhorn is definitely the best name i had heard of an expert in a while
It is fantastic lol
Yeah...its almost like a Harry Potter character.
One of my favourite YT channels...thanks Stefan. All the best in 2023.
I might be a bit naive in my logic, but what is the big challenge of the technologies coexisting?! I compare it to fishing rod - sure, they were many advances over time, yet, you can still find scouts creating simple rods, to the most sophisticated composite rod out there...they would coexist for 100s of year due to many reasons (complexity, purpose, costs, etc).
Either way, fascinating info, thanks for your great vids!
Love that anolgy
Exactly what i thought upon hearing of the problem. It could be a combination of cultural transmission and isolation and small wars and diseases, as well as environmental factors.
How many people do you know that can make a fire from scratch? How many could smelt bronze or make a clay pot? If i was isolated with a group of friends or family in a strange area, we would probably make sharpened sticks and bifaced hand axes, until we found some flint (where does one even look for flint?). Then the more technical of us would make improved tools if/when we had time while surviving. We would have to re-invent technologies every time. I can see this happening even now, as most people cannot (or will not) even read books anymore and dont have basic building and farming and hunting skills - what happens when the power goes out for a few months or heaven forbid a nuclear war or asteroid hit?
I had rhe same impression. I wonder if there is another reason they have for this belief. I don't see why they can't coexist..
@@cyanofelisbecause in basically all other regions the development of new stone technology has seen it replace older ones relatively quickly. So its not really a question of why cant they coexist, but more of a question why did it coexist here for so long.
@twanheijkoop6753 I see. I just feel that there are so many comparable innovations in today's world that still show huge ranges in complexity which we voluntarily keep around. Like thatch roofing versus anything else. Or brooms. For example, I just visited Tokyo and was amused that some of the street cleaners in one of the most technologically developed countries were using literal branches as brooms to sweep things up. People still appear to use familiar or primitive tools if they work well and are easily created, even if they have access to and skill with more advanced versions.
Valeu!
Congrats, Man. You're a genius such as history with cy. Also important to mention that I'm Just another nerd
I was interested in this type of topics- Anthropology, Paleontogy and even Evolutionary biology since my early teens. But unfortunately there's not much environment for research-oriented careers for this topics in India(which I suppose has a rich geological and biological wealth within it).
Due to this I shifted my focus on somewhere else for a high-paid job to take my family & community out of poverty.
Everyone who is in the IT sector and has a "high-paid job" today is anything but not crazy rich (compared to the general country population) enough to worry about supporting parents and relatives while working. As an Indian just in college, be honest that you loved the allure of quick money while preparing for Jee and it and stuff and that you regret that decision in some ways. why are so many Indians like you so pretentious?
I think this is my favorite of SM videos so far. I love how it’s structured and presented and this science is so fascinating - so cutting edge. Great to hear it from the scientists. And SM of course. The statement about processes and influences on the evolution and dispersals rings throughout. Awesome
Love from Bangladesh 🇧🇩❤️
What I've learned from this is that we still have a lot to learn about our human history.
Great presentation. Keeping this video for reference. I also am fascinated by the ancient, archaic movements of the inhabitants of south Asia. They are connected to the Australian aborigines and some of the Asian Pacific people. There are iconic stories hidden therein,. For sure.
Pakistanis are Aryans and Iranians
Thank you for such an amazing and interesting video Stefan! Your hard work shows!! And i enjoy it a lot in your videos when you grab the camera and walk outside and talk to us, its refreshing!
I always found it weird that the Indian subcontinent doesn't feature much in basic Anthropology outside of the Indus Valley Civilization. They say the Vedas are at least 5000 years old (some say they are even 10-15k years old) so who wrote these exactly? It's really befuddling to be told stories about the great country Hindustan with such little scientific literature on the subject. More funding (and support for humanities) is needed in the subcontinent!
@robertolang9684Indus valley civilisation was way more civilized than some of the present cities of Europe. The number zero came from an Indian scientist. Read vedas and you'll find out the concept of relativity was mentioned thousands of years before Einstein wrote about it.
@robertolang9684 Are you crazy? So much of our civilisational heritage in the West is owed to India. India was the epicenter of human thought and the human imagination for millennia.
u have zero knowledge of anything.oldest universities were in subcontinent,many chinese arab scholars have wrote about knowledge they got from subcontinent which later travelled south east and to west. typical troll having 0 knowledge@robertolang9684
@robertolang9684 You lost your argument racist
@robertolang9684 European fanatic comparing ancient India to Europe
Pakistan is amongst the few nations that sit on the borders of vastly different regions, I think it's the only country with such large variety.
You have South Asia, Central Asia, West Asia, China, and Arabian peninsular across the sea, where there were historical linkages.
Pakistan specific evaluation would be interesting.
Before 1947 there wasn't called a country called Pakistan but akhand bharat
@@namednpc before 1947, there was no country called bharat, India, or Hindustan. That's a fact.
A rose by any other name would smell the same.
The people of Pakistan have existed since the dawn of time, it's their land, their history, their country, that's Pakistan.
This history of the Indus region is Pakistani history. That's a fact.
@@youknow6968 then mughals aur brits jakh marane aaye the kya yaha pe 🤣🤣
@@youknow6968 you can deny as much you want but history books all over the world will tell you the same there are no Pakistani people before 1947 , the country itself born in 1947 on 14 August
@@namednpc when did I deny it? I'm not a fool living in a fantasy, like you.
Read what I wrote again, it's written words, easy to understand. 😘
I stated facts, covering all the historical realities. Including the fact India didn't exist as a country either before 1947, you can deny it, but you can't change facts 😘😂😂
Regarding "Evolutionary Processes", the Tribal populations of rural India deserve more comprehensive DNA study. These gene pools are quickly being diluted. Of special interest is an area called Rahr, meaning "Red or Laterite Soil" which is referenced by the philosopher PR Sarkar, Shrii Shrii Anandamurti, as the birthplace of human beings. This area is Jharkhand and West Bengal States near Bokaro Steel City. There is a small hill, near Pundag in West Bengal, that is named "Fossil Hill". Paleontologists and Archaeologists would be well served to investigate what is there.
Why is it called Fossil Hill?
Great vid Stefan you rock brother. The many beards and shirts adds montage feel. Months of work condensed into 30 superb minutes. Thanks for this, you deserve success.
I used to find indian arrowheads in West Virginia, where I grew up. This video makes me regret not saving them. I'm 69 years old now and have been living in Egypt the past 17 years. So, I have had a rich life... Why don't I have a collection of arrowheads with me? I just don't know. I can see them in my mind's eye. I remember how thrilling it was to dig one up. I saved them but have no idea when or how they left my life. This channel is one of my favorites. Not my area of formal study but so interesting. And the host is just a genuine intellectual. And nice.... Appreciate his sharing his knowledge with us.
@@TW7S95 fell in love over a computer. I guess I hypnotized myself to be that in love. Gave everything up, packed 3 bags and came to the Middle East. Lived in Dubai, Kuwait, visited all the gulf countries. Now, it's as if I can't leave here. Even if I wanted to. I either found myself, lost myself or a little bit of both.😋
@@judemorales4U are u happy there or do u prefer the states ? I want to visit one day ..i been to morroco 5x but never egypt!
@@mshammond_uk1831 hi, well I've had ups and downs, but have gotten through culture struggles and made a place for myself to live comfortably. I have a smaller social life than I prefer because I will always have my intellect, culture and interests as an American and there's not a lot of a connection because in general it is a developing country and society here is very traditional, not many free thinkers. Ex: a 35 year man won't marry a woman... If his mother doesn't approve. Both families negotiate and must agree. This region in general cannot manage time and I am still 5 minutes early for appointments and they are an hour or more late. So the cultural difference is huge. Sharm Al Shilkh or wealthy areas in Cairo or Alexandria have progressed and one may find it acceptable. I suspect I will never return home at my age, so I adapted. It took years to understand it here but I finally got it. Haha. Thank you for asking.
@@mshammond_uk1831 a visit would be unforgettable and nice, but to live here, honestly, is difficult. You would be welcomed a million times if you came as a tourist, so think about coming.❤️
Where in WV?
Human History is alot more complicated than we assume I love it.
Would you ever make a video dedicated to the Australian aboriginals they have such a diverse and interesting history and the hundreds of different cultures too are just fascinating
Onya mate from Australia 🇦🇺
I think that India, Pakistan and Sir Lankans are more related to the Australian aboriginals than Asian.
After all, during the Gondwana period the India region originally broke off from Western Australia and migrated north till it hit Asia. It kept trying to move north creating Tibet and the Himalayas.
Human history has a lot more complexity to it than historian portray it as to being.
I think he has done a video on Australian Aboriginals, but this video is next level and I would love him to continue the discussion from this point and connect it to Australian Aboriginal people
@@sophitsa79 I don’t think He has because I searched Australia and aboriginal on his channel and there’s nothing that comes up but I could be wrong
@@bennybennerson7728 hmmm, maybe they just got a mention in a video then. I hope he notices these calls from us Australians to do a dedicated video.
@@andyl3361 This not history Einstein, more science. If you had people recording the time period, which is what history is. You won't need science to figure it out. Stop trying to believe what you want!!!🤣
Thanks!
Excellent! Throughout recorded history indian subcontinent and Central Asia was at crossroads of East and West. So you may not be very far from revelation. I hope that missing piece of this puzzle will be found soon.
Stefan, I have a topic suggestion for you. Considering your location in the PNW, you might research the curious story of ISHI. Ishi was a native American child captured by railroad workers at the beginning of the 20th century. His origin is deeply interesting and should be academically investigated.
There are books written about Ishi. They may be academic considering they were used at UCSB 30 years ago
Regarding the Narmada cranium -- with a cranial capacity in the modern range, why do we _not_ think could have been an individual on the Neandersovan branch?
This was an especially fascinating episode. Keep up the good work.
Stefan, I simply love your videos. You've got to be one of my favorite youtubers. Thank you for all your content!
Brilliant in every way Stefan, great research & production & superb that you're baffled looking so much forward to what the future holds for your knowledge expansion. Love your wrok!
They have found art and things in caves in balangoda, Sri Lanka. They gave it a name called balangoda manawaya (the balangoda human/man). Its very old
Due to its climate and geography, the Indian subcontinent housed the largest concentration of humanity for the longest period of history and ydna evidence has now conclusively proved this. But this fertility, high population and wet climate is the reason why there is such a low rate of fossil preservation.
And unfortunately modern archeology, unfortunately prefers to hide inconsistencies in their simplistic assumptions/models rather than try to use all the data and determine what actually happened
I‘m glad you decided to post this, it was hard to comprehend and felt like isolated data points, but I get it. We are still learning,generations through
Thank you Stefan for acknowledging Attirampakkam paleolithic stone age site.
Note: Attirampakkam is located near to my hometown(chennai) not in Andhra pradesh
Okay tamizh chauvinist!
@@veerareddy9119 okay telungu casteist reddy retard🙃
@@veerareddy9119 chauvinism seriously?!
Attirampakkam is located near Chennai is a fact. Wouldn’t you provide the fact if someone says that Tirupati is located in Tamil Nadu or would you remain mum in order to not portray yourself as a Telugu chauvinist?
@@divakarvarma599 sare anna.
@@veerareddy9119 What a shallow mindset you have. Approach content like this as an academic not as a person fuelled by politics and ethnic divide. For years we have fought with our brethren, a fight which was orchestrated by a third party (our colonisers). Please stop that and look at the bigger picture.
Dear Cosmic people,
No one is Native, we all migrated. Its a humble truth. Dont fight for supremacy of Language, Culture and Region.
True
I will have to watch this a few times. It's packed with so much, it deserves more attention. I have DNA from 2 areas of India, yet overall, I show up as Viking. Yes, my ancestors really got around the world. Even to Peru and Columbia. The far east is represented as well.
I love people watching. Often I see people with very ancient features, like men with very pronounced ridges above the eyes, and chinless people.
The ancient and the evolved are still all around us, imo.
I'm a bit surprised that you felt it important to look the same throughout this presentation, but it does make more sense to me now. Given the fascinating dive you did, I may not have noticed at all!
Bones fascinate me. I found some very interesting rocks in China, including a stone age tool in a desert. I also found a fingerbone and the upper ridge of a scapula in the same location. Sand hides so much! Of greater interest is a square black rock with a broken know on one end. One side is blank, but the other side shows faint signs of some sort of writing, mostly worn away. There never seems to be enough time to deeply study everything in an interdisciplinary way.
Thank you so much. I really appreciate your point of view.
I think DNA tests would be far from accurate. They certainly will be compared to ten, twenty years from now.
hi! just a FYI that col*U*mbia is a term for the United States of America, while col*O*mbia is a term for the Republic of Colombia in South America.
@@tasnim569 FYI, thousands of years ago, nobody had named these places yet. Next time, I'll call it ooga-boofah. Happy now?
Brown Indian here with Nordic wife. Our kids are copies of me (son - darker skin - black hair, daddy features) and her (daughter - lighter skin with light brown hair, hazel eyes). My daughter has destroyed my Indian genes :) I had to do a DNA test after her birth as she had pale hair (majority white babies are born with blonde hair). My wife kicked my ballz and did the test and yes, she is 100% Daddy's DNA. My friend is Danish, married to an African lady. Their kids are even more exotic. I predict a future where eventually all of us will be mixed up to great extend (more than what we already are).
@@solaryatra You just responded to a typically white person who just proved that the mixing of DNA does not change racism.
i am so glad , i found your vids......i found your work, through north 02...........i cant wait to watch all your vids....i have been studying this same field , and so much more since 1991........keep up the hard work ol'boy ....your doing very well....congrats