Thank you so much for watching everyone! I always appreciate your comments requesting topics to be covered in future videos, so please keep them coming :)
Hello Parth Sir, Seeing your videos my love towards physics has exponentially increased and I am somehow motivated to make short physics videos, Not as better as you, but I also wanna try this stuff.... Can you please recommend any video editor or animator....
I liked this vid but I'd like a thorough critique of possible holes and errors in QCD and QFT confirmation experiments concerning the make-up of protons. Electron scattering result error range and averaging etc... I'm not saying all of QCD and QFT are wrong, just that they're more mathematically useful than physically accurate.. The simple question is why would the highly conservative universe that does so much with so little not use The Positron.. We know porotns are compound particles and electrons and poistrons are the only proper permanent particles. -- Why are there no theories where Up Quarks are half 'strongly neutralised' Positrons and Down Quarks are fully 'strongly neutralised' Electrons. Neutrons are a positron and electrically, not strongly bonded electron, the strong force has high mass, electric field has no or low mass.. It's the Strong Mass Spin force vs Electric Force... Protons are 1/3 electric force, 2/3 strong mass spin force. -- Two positrons hit an electron at the same time under immense gravitational confinement to form a proton.. Light can collide with a proton and bash its two positrons/up quarks together to form a NEW electron-positron pair from the unifying quantised subspace matter-energy charge field. Higher energy light creates 2 new electron-positron pair that form a neutron (also if high enough energy is fired at a neutron).. Even higher energy forms a proton and anti-proton... -- oscillator and (limited) particle flow field -- Bottom-up Thought Experiment... Constraints: As few base forces and particles as possible to form a coherent, integrated 4D multi/universe model -- Subspace Field: Positive cells (hard ball, quanta, +1) bound by displaceable negative gas. Matter-energy field conserves momentum Positron/Up Quark/Graviton (p+): Free, mobile out of place cell warps the field, radiating AC field cell vibration 'blip' spheres at C + 6 DC spin loops Electron/Down Quark (e-): Hole left behind warps the field, radiating AC field cell vibration 'blip' spheres of opposite phase at C + 6 DC spin loops Nucleons: Proton: P=pep.. Neutron: N=P_e=pep_e.. Beta-: N-e>>P+e.. Beta+: P+e_p>>N+p.. Alpha: A=PNPN=PeP_PeP=(pep_e_pep)_(pep_e_pep) Particle Zoo: Energy sprays cells / chunks entangled with large -ve holes that decay and/or annihilate to photons + regular = empty field Electrostatic Force: Recoiling blip spheres propagate. Opposite direction + and - blips form a vibrating, neutral AC flux tube. Same sign = phase repel Instant-Off Long Neutral Force: Electrostatic flux tube as thin as 1 cell wide. Each cell and its -ve gas move in contrary motion (AC). Low (no?) mass Mass Spin Force: e-s and p+s pull in 12 surrounding cells, that bounce out, stabilising as a torus of 6 in/out (N/S) DC spin loops with mass Left Hand Rule: Spin circuit cells push between field cells causing lateral, perpendicular AC blips. These form an AC blip 'shell' around a particle Strong Mass Spin Force: Strong Neutralisation creates more and longer spin loops merging as DC circuits between e-s and p+s (like a magnetic field) Weak Force: Geometric structural charge balance instability. Random particle and photon collisions statistically tipping the balance Photon: Charged particles moving up and down (transmitter, atomic electron) form a transverse wavelet with +ve, compressed peak Double Slit: Laser light / particle centre's preceding, extended subspace distortion diffracts, interferes, forming wave guides observation destroys Dark Gravity: p+ attracts 1 quantum of -ve gas so void cell size/gap grows (and matter's shrinks?) forming a subtle macro -ve gas density gradient Time: Clocks are linked to spin loop length that grows in space and time because cell gap shrinks with gravity, C is constant and energy is conserved
All electrons are quantum harmonic ocsillators and are entangled to positron pairs. In fact all fundamental particles are pairs but bosons just pair with themselves since they can occupy multiple quantum states. Our universe is just the left chiral pairs and right chiral pairs are opposite spacetime. This easily explains the big bang as all matter will eventually decay into its most basic components and annhialate transfering the centre-of-mass to the new finite region of the universe. Black holes are just regions in which the potential energy (mass density) are so high they interact with their entangled pairs.
I have learned more from this channel than I have in several year's worths of schooling. I can’t believe this is free content. Thank you so much. This was...far beyond what I expected. You could have gotten away with much, much less of an effort without any pushback. Instead, we are left with this... An absolutely beautiful, visually pleasing, simple yet concise explanation that works for hand in hand to bring us an intuitive, entry-level walk-through of this topic I'm honestly awe-struck. I can confidently say this is easily one of the best videos on quantum mechanics. I have yet had the privilege to enjoy it here on UA-cam. (and I watch nothing but science and physics docs on UA-cam etc) What an absolutely superb masterpiece, an incredibly engaging tool that undoubtedly will benefit thousands and thousands of inquisitive minds. I am still struggling with the mathematics of quantum physics and complex particle interaction.it would be better if you suggest me some mathematics books to understand quantum field theory and Thank you so much for this labor of love. It truly shows your passion for your field, and hoo boy what a treat the whole video was. It is insanely rare explanations, so deep insights and facts all come together so brilliant and organically organized in such a way that the end product comes together to create something much, much greater than each part on its own. What an honor.
You cover quite a few things that many popular science UA-camrs don't,or explain them more clearly and in detail than was previously thought would be healthy.I like and appreciate that.Making a somewhat deeper level of Physics open to the general audience while still not making it too complicated for them to get attracted.I wish you and your channel all the best and all the growth.Best of luck!👍
Physicist turned teacher here. I'm starting my own YT channel soon which aims to help kids manage through high school until university. I'll definitely be making a video at some point to talk about worthwhile YT stem channels to follow and this channel is, without a doubt, one of them. Keep up the great work!
Hey Parth, thanks for another great video. I just wanted to say that I really appreciate how you don't shy away from the equations in physics. I took a few physics courses in undergrad, but only took up to calc 2, and my graduate work was not related to physics. While I might not be able to solve the math of QM, I really like how you actually present the equations and break them down in a way that is understandable to someone without higher math education. It's hard to find sources that do a good job at this. You and PBS Spacetime are the main two that come to mind, and it's no coincidence that those are my 2 favorite physics channels on youtube. I'd love to see the possible video you mentioned in this episode about going into the math more. Thanks for the great content and keep up the good work
Great video, thank you very much! I have an exam in QM in a few weeks and your videos have been great in giving it more of an intuitive spin (pun intended) :D
Flashbacks to my module in spectroscopy (1st-year chemistry). The simplest model that is used to describe a bond vibration between 2 atoms. Although, it's neat and all, it serves no practical purpose in spectroscopy due to the energy levels being spaced out evenly. Enter anharmonic oscillator.
Could you make videos where you solve typical quantum mechanics exercises using these methods you are showing us? That would really help us understand how these operators and other methods are really used. It would also give us a more intuitive way to understand them all
Hey parth.. thanks for making such nice n informative videos.. kindly make one video on 'dielectric constant'.. what it is..it's dependence on frequency..etc.. 👍👍
Another question - I hope I can formulate the question in a way that makes sense; An electron when it is bound to an atom can only be on a certain energy level. If the electron were to get enough energy the atom would be ionized and the electron is not bound to a specific energy level anymore. It doesn't matter which wavelength an incoming photon would have, the electron would always get excited, right? My question is tho, how does an atom cause this quantization? What's the mechanism behind the energy levels itself? How can they just form?
It's difficult to properly explain without going into the math. Here's a crude mental picture: states of definite energy correspond to stable states. These are like the harmonics of a vibrating string or membrane, which can only have certain values.
Quite simply the quantization (the necessity for energy levels to have specific values) arises from maths. One of the first things you see when starting to learn quantum chemistry is a particle in a box. It's a simple model for which there is 0 potential energy within some interval, with infinity potential energy elsewhere. One step in solving the Schrodinger equation to obtain possible wavefunctions is finding all functions where sin("something")=0 and sin("something")=L L being the "length" of the box (just a constant) Turns out there are infinite amount of solutions since sin function crosses x axis infinite amount of times and as long as L is within the amplitude of the function. the solutions then are psi=sin( (n*pi*x)/L) where n is now the quantum number - an integer from 0 to infinity. In other words. Due to maths, the system can ONLY exist in discrete states, as not all sin functions obey the Schrodinger equation, but those that do can be altered by value n to give another viable solution. After that solving the energy for the particle in a box gives something that is similar to: E="something" * n^2 Meaning each energy level n has a discrete value of energy that is proportional to n^2 (for particle in a box, for other models the correlation is different)
@@mairisberzins8677 I haven't really had time to think about your answer in depth yet, so I don't think I fully understand it. But that's something I probably have to wrap my mind around on my own. Thanks for pointing me in the right direction tho and giving me some terms to research! I appreciate it a lot!
@@fdntrinity Look up particle in a box model. If you have some knowledge of basic calculus and algebra you might see where the "discrete" energy levels come from.
It's an amazing explanation ...but I have a simple query that if an electron is to be excited from one energy state to the next energy state say 2nd to 3rd, then we have to impart energy equal to hcut omega then how energy is taken from that electron so it can down excite say from 2nd to 1st?
How did eigenvalue fall into this? We didn't talk about the linear transformation of vectors at all. If the eigenvalue term is used in some other context then it's ok.
to be exact: a|n> = sqrt(n)|n-1> (lower/anhilate) a*|n> = sqrt(n+1)|n+1>(raise/create) so a*a|n>=a sqrt(n)|n-1>=sqrt(n)(a*|n-1>) =sqrt(n)sqrt(n-1+1)|n-1+1>= sqrt(n)sqrt(n)|n>=n|n> If you look at how "x" and "d/dx" link various Hermite polynomials (the solutions to the SHO shrodinger eq), you'll see how "a" and "a*" can be made from the operators "x" and "p=id/dx". It's probably the most important trick for 2nd quantization in quantum field theory.
Step 1: Apply to the least competitive college Step 2: Try to smash your exams/grades and get higher than the offer you'd expect Step 3: Enjoy the offer Step 4: Don't fail 1st year of Cambridge
@@manthanshivekar6372 I would know... Tried myself. Didn't get an offer. Did make it to interviews tho. But thats expected since they only make offers to like 10-20% of applicants depending on college
There really is no good way to guarantee getting an offer UNLESS you really stand out from the crowd. But for that you need achievments not many can get.
First, electrons in molecules and solids are not localized -- they are in superposition states equally present in every like atom. These superposition states split the atomic energy levels -- into bands in the case of solids. Second, these electron energies are completely different from the lattice vibrations that exhibit simple harmonic motion. Because of the regular lattice, these vibrations are also extended states and not localized -- and they can oscillate at only specific frequencies. Each of these frequencies can be separated into its own simple harmonic oscillator (normal mode). Molecular vibrations are similarly constrained; however, far fewer frequencies are available in the case of molecules.
Look up quantum mechanics lectures on youtube. Most of them are structured and the early ones are meant to be for people just starting university, so with a bit of extra maths knowledge, you could do pretty well.
5:01 Is the visualisation saying that if the 'ball' traverses down the right hand side to the minimum allowed level that it 'can' or 'will' jump to the left hand side?
A small note: the terms ladder operators and CA-operators are only synonymous here because of the simplicity of the example being a single body and the quanta being bosons, there are cases where this is not true. For example this equivalence falls apart when studying the Ising model, which is a many-body system of fermions. There's an extra corrective step that has to be done in order to go from ladder to CA operators because otherwise you'd get some weird behaviour like fermion quanta but they hop between sites like bosons. See Jordan-Wigner transformation
What formalism/mechanism makes it impossible to apply the annihilation operator to the ground state? After all you cannot extract energy from the ground state.
in QFT, the fields are modeled as QHO for each wavenumber, k , so the hamiltonian is an sum over all wavelengths of a*(k)a(k). However, annihilation is usually calculated in the lagrangian formulation.
that would be the case if they weren't acting on the wave function i.e a*a = 1 but a*a(psi_n) = psi_n where a* is the creation operator and a is the annihilation
This is a good question. Your intuition is right since you would expect that applying the annihilation operator and then the creation operator should result in the same wavefunction. Indeed that's the case, but you also end up with a proportionality factor, which turns out to be the energy level you are in. Infact, it is commonly known as the number operator since a^\dagger a |ψ_n> = n |ψ_n>
The annihilation and creation operators also multiply the wavefunction by a constant factor as well as changing it. Specifically, a psi_n = sqrt(n) psi_{n-1} and a^+ psi_n = sqrt(n+1) psi_{n+1}. (I hope that formatted okay.) So, a^+ a psi_n = a^+ (sqrt(n) psi_{n-1}) = sqrt(n) sqrt(n) psi_n = n psi_n. Incidentally, this is how we solve for psi_n in the first place, by using a psi_0 = 0 and finding a nonzero function which is annihilated by the annihilation operator, and then applying the creation operator n times in succession to obtain psi_n (times a factor of sqrt(n!)).
probably not the right place to do this, but could you do a video about the recent black hole discovery wich supported einsteins theory? so that an idiot like me can understand what happend?
Thank you so much for watching everyone! I always appreciate your comments requesting topics to be covered in future videos, so please keep them coming :)
Hello Parth Sir,
Seeing your videos my love towards physics has exponentially increased and I am somehow motivated to make short physics videos, Not as better as you, but I also wanna try this stuff....
Can you please recommend any video editor or animator....
I liked this vid but I'd like a thorough critique of possible holes and errors in QCD and QFT confirmation experiments concerning the make-up of protons. Electron scattering result error range and averaging etc... I'm not saying all of QCD and QFT are wrong, just that they're more mathematically useful than physically accurate.. The simple question is why would the highly conservative universe that does so much with so little not use The Positron.. We know porotns are compound particles and electrons and poistrons are the only proper permanent particles.
--
Why are there no theories where Up Quarks are half 'strongly neutralised' Positrons and Down Quarks are fully 'strongly neutralised' Electrons. Neutrons are a positron and electrically, not strongly bonded electron, the strong force has high mass, electric field has no or low mass.. It's the Strong Mass Spin force vs Electric Force... Protons are 1/3 electric force, 2/3 strong mass spin force.
--
Two positrons hit an electron at the same time under immense gravitational confinement to form a proton.. Light can collide with a proton and bash its two positrons/up quarks together to form a NEW electron-positron pair from the unifying quantised subspace matter-energy charge field. Higher energy light creates 2 new electron-positron pair that form a neutron (also if high enough energy is fired at a neutron).. Even higher energy forms a proton and anti-proton...
--
oscillator and (limited) particle flow field
--
Bottom-up Thought Experiment... Constraints: As few base forces and particles as possible to form a coherent, integrated 4D multi/universe model
--
Subspace Field: Positive cells (hard ball, quanta, +1) bound by displaceable negative gas. Matter-energy field conserves momentum
Positron/Up Quark/Graviton (p+): Free, mobile out of place cell warps the field, radiating AC field cell vibration 'blip' spheres at C + 6 DC spin loops
Electron/Down Quark (e-): Hole left behind warps the field, radiating AC field cell vibration 'blip' spheres of opposite phase at C + 6 DC spin loops
Nucleons: Proton: P=pep.. Neutron: N=P_e=pep_e.. Beta-: N-e>>P+e.. Beta+: P+e_p>>N+p.. Alpha: A=PNPN=PeP_PeP=(pep_e_pep)_(pep_e_pep)
Particle Zoo: Energy sprays cells / chunks entangled with large -ve holes that decay and/or annihilate to photons + regular = empty field
Electrostatic Force: Recoiling blip spheres propagate. Opposite direction + and - blips form a vibrating, neutral AC flux tube. Same sign = phase repel
Instant-Off Long Neutral Force: Electrostatic flux tube as thin as 1 cell wide. Each cell and its -ve gas move in contrary motion (AC). Low (no?) mass
Mass Spin Force: e-s and p+s pull in 12 surrounding cells, that bounce out, stabilising as a torus of 6 in/out (N/S) DC spin loops with mass
Left Hand Rule: Spin circuit cells push between field cells causing lateral, perpendicular AC blips. These form an AC blip 'shell' around a particle
Strong Mass Spin Force: Strong Neutralisation creates more and longer spin loops merging as DC circuits between e-s and p+s (like a magnetic field)
Weak Force: Geometric structural charge balance instability. Random particle and photon collisions statistically tipping the balance
Photon: Charged particles moving up and down (transmitter, atomic electron) form a transverse wavelet with +ve, compressed peak
Double Slit: Laser light / particle centre's preceding, extended subspace distortion diffracts, interferes, forming wave guides observation destroys
Dark Gravity: p+ attracts 1 quantum of -ve gas so void cell size/gap grows (and matter's shrinks?) forming a subtle macro -ve gas density gradient
Time: Clocks are linked to spin loop length that grows in space and time because cell gap shrinks with gravity, C is constant and energy is conserved
All electrons are quantum harmonic ocsillators and are entangled to positron pairs. In fact all fundamental particles are pairs but bosons just pair with themselves since they can occupy multiple quantum states. Our universe is just the left chiral pairs and right chiral pairs are opposite spacetime. This easily explains the big bang as all matter will eventually decay into its most basic components and annhialate transfering the centre-of-mass to the new finite region of the universe. Black holes are just regions in which the potential energy (mass density) are so high they interact with their entangled pairs.
It's pretty amazing how this dude consistently manages to explain concepts like these in such a clear way.
I have learned more from this channel than I have in several year's worths of schooling. I can’t believe this is free content. Thank you so much. This was...far beyond what I expected. You could have gotten away with much, much less of an effort without any pushback. Instead, we are left with this...
An absolutely beautiful, visually pleasing, simple yet concise explanation that works for hand in hand to bring us an intuitive, entry-level walk-through of this topic
I'm honestly awe-struck. I can confidently say this is easily one of the best videos on quantum mechanics. I have yet had the privilege to enjoy it here on UA-cam. (and I watch nothing but science and physics docs on UA-cam etc)
What an absolutely superb masterpiece, an incredibly engaging tool that undoubtedly will benefit thousands and thousands of inquisitive minds. I am still struggling with the mathematics of quantum physics and complex particle interaction.it would be better if you suggest me some mathematics books to understand quantum field theory
and Thank you so much for this labor of love. It truly shows your passion for your field, and hoo boy what a treat the whole video was. It is insanely rare explanations, so deep insights and facts all come together so brilliant and organically organized in such a way that the end product comes together to create something much, much greater than each part on its own.
What an honor.
Wow!!! I'm dumbstruck about this longer comment.... Yes, ofcourse this channel is very very underrated😭😭😭
Thank you for the kind words! :)
Damn bro!!
How much you spent on this!!
Awesome words of appreciation man!
You cover quite a few things that many popular science UA-camrs don't,or explain them more clearly and in detail than was previously thought would be healthy.I like and appreciate that.Making a somewhat deeper level of Physics open to the general audience while still not making it too complicated for them to get attracted.I wish you and your channel all the best and all the growth.Best of luck!👍
I'd really like to be able to explain things as clearly as this one day.
Physicist turned teacher here. I'm starting my own YT channel soon which aims to help kids manage through high school until university. I'll definitely be making a video at some point to talk about worthwhile YT stem channels to follow and this channel is, without a doubt, one of them. Keep up the great work!
Will it be under this same account name?
When I grow up I want to be a creation and annihilation operator!
Hey Parth, thanks for another great video. I just wanted to say that I really appreciate how you don't shy away from the equations in physics. I took a few physics courses in undergrad, but only took up to calc 2, and my graduate work was not related to physics. While I might not be able to solve the math of QM, I really like how you actually present the equations and break them down in a way that is understandable to someone without higher math education. It's hard to find sources that do a good job at this. You and PBS Spacetime are the main two that come to mind, and it's no coincidence that those are my 2 favorite physics channels on youtube. I'd love to see the possible video you mentioned in this episode about going into the math more. Thanks for the great content and keep up the good work
yess! Make a video of quanta!!
As always, very interesting discussion. I also shared this video to my friends 😉
You never run out of content don't you?
And please recommend some books for just fun physics
Great video, thank you very much! I have an exam in QM in a few weeks and your videos have been great in giving it more of an intuitive spin (pun intended) :D
Small harmonic oscillator energy
Good stuff bro keep it up
Amazing please do more about this
Flashbacks to my module in spectroscopy (1st-year chemistry).
The simplest model that is used to describe a bond vibration between 2 atoms.
Although, it's neat and all, it serves no practical purpose in spectroscopy due to the energy levels being spaced out evenly.
Enter anharmonic oscillator.
Creation and Anhillation operators. What a badass name.
I agree. Parth G explains things like better than anyone.
Could you make videos where you solve typical quantum mechanics exercises using these methods you are showing us? That would really help us understand how these operators and other methods are really used. It would also give us a more intuitive way to understand them all
I struggled with this in my physics 3 class back in the days. Now I feel like I can go back and do a masters in theoretical physics
Hey parth.. thanks for making such nice n informative videos.. kindly make one video on 'dielectric constant'.. what it is..it's dependence on frequency..etc.. 👍👍
Another question - I hope I can formulate the question in a way that makes sense; An electron when it is bound to an atom can only be on a certain energy level. If the electron were to get enough energy the atom would be ionized and the electron is not bound to a specific energy level anymore. It doesn't matter which wavelength an incoming photon would have, the electron would always get excited, right?
My question is tho, how does an atom cause this quantization? What's the mechanism behind the energy levels itself? How can they just form?
Wavelength and frequency does matter in the excitation of an electron
It's difficult to properly explain without going into the math. Here's a crude mental picture: states of definite energy correspond to stable states. These are like the harmonics of a vibrating string or membrane, which can only have certain values.
Quite simply the quantization (the necessity for energy levels to have specific values) arises from maths.
One of the first things you see when starting to learn quantum chemistry is a particle in a box.
It's a simple model for which there is 0 potential energy within some interval, with infinity potential energy elsewhere. One step in solving the Schrodinger equation to obtain possible wavefunctions is finding
all functions where sin("something")=0 and sin("something")=L
L being the "length" of the box (just a constant)
Turns out there are infinite amount of solutions since sin function crosses x axis infinite amount of times and as long as L is within the amplitude of the function.
the solutions then are
psi=sin( (n*pi*x)/L)
where n is now the quantum number - an integer from 0 to infinity.
In other words. Due to maths, the system can ONLY exist in discrete states, as not all sin functions obey the Schrodinger equation, but those that do can be altered by value n to give another viable solution.
After that solving the energy for the particle in a box gives something that is similar to:
E="something" * n^2
Meaning each energy level n has a discrete value of energy that is proportional to n^2 (for particle in a box, for other models the correlation is different)
@@mairisberzins8677 I haven't really had time to think about your answer in depth yet, so I don't think I fully understand it. But that's something I probably have to wrap my mind around on my own.
Thanks for pointing me in the right direction tho and giving me some terms to research!
I appreciate it a lot!
@@fdntrinity Look up particle in a box model. If you have some knowledge of basic calculus and algebra you might see where the "discrete" energy levels come from.
10:30 We would like to have a video on the detailed mathematics of applying the ladder operator on the wave function.
Please make a video on how do u manage to create such awesome videos every week along with your daily works.... Your productivity secret !
Please make a video about the math of the operators as you suggested at 10:36. That would be really cool!
It's an amazing explanation ...but I have a simple query that if an electron is to be excited from one energy state to the next energy state say 2nd to 3rd, then we have to impart energy equal to hcut omega then how energy is taken from that electron so it can down excite say from 2nd to 1st?
Its been a long time man I didn't comment!!🤣
Nice video man
Great work!!!!
I am interested in why a†a=count, why doesnt it mean a destruction followed by an creation(no effect?). Good video!
because the eigenvalue is N, not 1.
How did eigenvalue fall into this?
We didn't talk about the linear transformation of vectors at all.
If the eigenvalue term is used in some other context then it's ok.
@@vijaysinghchauhan7079 operators have eigenstates and eigenvalues. with N=(a*)a, then:
N|n>=n|n>
to be exact:
a|n> = sqrt(n)|n-1> (lower/anhilate)
a*|n> = sqrt(n+1)|n+1>(raise/create)
so
a*a|n>=a sqrt(n)|n-1>=sqrt(n)(a*|n-1>)
=sqrt(n)sqrt(n-1+1)|n-1+1>=
sqrt(n)sqrt(n)|n>=n|n>
If you look at how "x" and "d/dx" link various Hermite polynomials (the solutions to the SHO shrodinger eq), you'll see how "a" and "a*" can be made from the operators "x" and "p=id/dx".
It's probably the most important trick for 2nd quantization in quantum field theory.
Can you make a video on how you made to Cambridge University
Step 1: Apply to the least competitive college
Step 2: Try to smash your exams/grades and get higher than the offer you'd expect
Step 3: Enjoy the offer
Step 4: Don't fail 1st year of Cambridge
Its not that easy you know
@@manthanshivekar6372 I would know... Tried myself. Didn't get an offer. Did make it to interviews tho. But thats expected since they only make offers to like 10-20% of applicants depending on college
There really is no good way to guarantee getting an offer UNLESS you really stand out from the crowd. But for that you need achievments not many can get.
First, electrons in molecules and solids are not localized -- they are in superposition states equally present in every like atom. These superposition states split the atomic energy levels -- into bands in the case of solids. Second, these electron energies are completely different from the lattice vibrations that exhibit simple harmonic motion. Because of the regular lattice, these vibrations are also extended states and not localized -- and they can oscillate at only specific frequencies. Each of these frequencies can be separated into its own simple harmonic oscillator (normal mode). Molecular vibrations are similarly constrained; however, far fewer frequencies are available in the case of molecules.
Hey sir can u make video of path of quantum mechanics and how to start
Would be much appreciated :D
Abd yeah ur content is 👌😎
Look up quantum mechanics lectures on youtube.
Most of them are structured and the early ones are meant to be for people just starting university, so with a bit of extra maths knowledge, you could do pretty well.
Thanks 🙏
I've always been curious about one thing: Why is it that squaring the Schroedinger equation give probability. Why not the forth power or the sixth?
Sir what if we take two entangled particle and throw one of them to black hole then what will happen,
will those particles will be entangled anymore
5:01 Is the visualisation saying that if the 'ball' traverses down the right hand side to the minimum allowed level that it 'can' or 'will' jump to the left hand side?
A small note: the terms ladder operators and CA-operators are only synonymous here because of the simplicity of the example being a single body and the quanta being bosons, there are cases where this is not true.
For example this equivalence falls apart when studying the Ising model, which is a many-body system of fermions. There's an extra corrective step that has to be done in order to go from ladder to CA operators because otherwise you'd get some weird behaviour like fermion quanta but they hop between sites like bosons. See Jordan-Wigner transformation
What formalism/mechanism makes it impossible to apply the annihilation operator to the ground state? After all you cannot extract energy from the ground state.
Whats the significance of that 1/2 in the formula...?
Fantastic ! ❤️❤️❤️
thank you for a great video!
Does this have something to do with material transitions? I'm new to this stuff.
Cool video! No doubt. But it bothers me immensely that your animations of the harmonic oscillation is just a triangle oscillation.
Loved the video!
Thanks a lot❤️
Parth G, I m new here. Please make some videos on ELECTROMAGNETISM i.e AC and DC circuit, Induction, Maxwell equations etc
Please make a video on noether’s theorem. No one explain physics like you do. Please. 😭😭🥺 please
Sorry for the spelling errors!
How is this related to the annihilation of an electron positron pair?
in QFT, the fields are modeled as QHO for each wavenumber, k , so the hamiltonian is an sum over all wavelengths of a*(k)a(k). However, annihilation is usually calculated in the lagrangian formulation.
@@DrDeuteron y can't u integrate the Hamiltonian for getting the so called Eigen value" n"
Oh, thank you thank you thank you!!!
Yeah ..man... please upload the following calculation videos
Videos on simiultaneity
So coooool
why isn't creation followed by annihilation just the identity operator?
that would be the case if they weren't acting on the wave function
i.e
a*a = 1 but
a*a(psi_n) = psi_n
where a* is the creation operator and a is the annihilation
This is a good question. Your intuition is right since you would expect that applying the annihilation operator and then the creation operator should result in the same wavefunction. Indeed that's the case, but you also end up with a proportionality factor, which turns out to be the energy level you are in. Infact, it is commonly known as the number operator since
a^\dagger a |ψ_n> = n |ψ_n>
The annihilation and creation operators also multiply the wavefunction by a constant factor as well as changing it. Specifically, a psi_n = sqrt(n) psi_{n-1} and a^+ psi_n = sqrt(n+1) psi_{n+1}. (I hope that formatted okay.) So, a^+ a psi_n = a^+ (sqrt(n) psi_{n-1}) = sqrt(n) sqrt(n) psi_n = n psi_n. Incidentally, this is how we solve for psi_n in the first place, by using a psi_0 = 0 and finding a nonzero function which is annihilated by the annihilation operator, and then applying the creation operator n times in succession to obtain psi_n (times a factor of sqrt(n!)).
ok, thanks. i may need a bit to digest the answers
i want aa* to give me the number of quanta pleaase
Hey Parth, are you indian??
He's British-Indian ig (prolly more British)
This is my question too. His name suggests he's an Indian. Although he has a good accent
@@swastikdey7498 Right, and I guess he is the only edutuber from India who is under STEM....
I don't know what you mean by "energy creation"? Energy can only be converted from one form to another. Quantum mechanics doesn't change that.
If any case angle going infinite ♾
"chaos is a creation and annihilation operator"
Hi
probably not the right place to do this, but could you do a video about the recent black hole discovery wich supported einsteins theory? so that an idiot like me can understand what happend?
Remember, Time doesn't actually pass. 😂
Why is this video with so less like come on every body like it's parth brus
How to become physicstist
Lucid
👤
Paaaaaaaaaaarth
Hit us with the actual math please!