Japanese Invasion of Manchuria | 3 Minute History
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- Опубліковано 27 гру 2016
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Fun fact: the conquest of Manchuria was actually the biggest example of Gekokujō in Japanese history. Gekokujō is basically a term for a rebellion, but with all things Japanese, it has a special flavour. It is deliberate disobedience towards one's superiors, but is motivated by a desire to protect the nation, and was NEVER directed against the Emperor, soldiers participating in such happenings considered themselves ultimately loyal to the Crown. Gekokujō was mostly tolerated, and offending officers received only ridiculously mild punishments. It was mostly limited to assassination attempts of government officials, various terrorist acts and the like, often involving only a handful of army and navy officers at a time.
As for Manchuria, it was Gekokujō "on a grand scale". Two colonels in the Kwantung Army, Ishiwara and Itagaki, masterminded the whole thing. They, and officers loyal to them, basically hijacked the entire Kwantung Army and used it as their own personal force. Tokyo knew something was afoot before it began, so they sent a high ranking general to keep an eye on things and quash the potential rebellion. Unfortunately, the general was in on the plot, and he condoned it.
When the Kwantung Army started the conquest of Manchuria, the world was taken by surprise, but what most people, then and now, do not know is that Tokyo was just as surprised as everyone else. The government and the Imperial General Staff were sending order after order to cease fire, and halt the advance, but the Kwantung Army disobeyed it all. Tokyo even feared they would proclaim their independence from Japan, but General Baron Honjō, the commander of the Kwantung Army (although in the whole Manchurian incident he was basically following his subordinates, Ishiwara and Itagaki, rather than being in charge himself) was downright offended by such accusations. Remember, these officers saw their temporary disloyalty as an act of *actual* loyalty.
In any case, the government in Tokyo found itself with an accomplished fact, which was the conquest of Manchuria. Prime Minister Inukai refused to recognise the Kwantung Army-proclaimed puppet state of Manchukuo, which led to his assassination by military officers.
Really weird thing (as if more was needed) was the motivation of the two ringleaders, Ishiwara and Itagaki. They dreamed of creating a strong Manchuria under Japanese rule, where the five ethnic groups (Japanese, Chinese, Manchu, Koreans, and White Russians) would live in harmony and equality, and whose industry would both help the Japanese economy (which was tanking, hard, due to 1929 economic crisis), and would serve as a bulwark against communism. Needless to say, they were appalled when they saw how Japan actually came to treat the region afterwards. In fact, Ishiwara was so appalled, he became one of the most vocal generals (he was promoted) who were *against* the later aggression in China, famously proclaiming "the first Japanese soldier to march into China will do so over my dead body".
marked
Thank you, that does bring more ambiguity to this conflict.
Damn ok
Thank you for this. Dan Carlin’s podcast talks about this term as well.
thanks for doing my homework :)
I never realized how unstable and chaotic the Japanese government was during the inter war period.
It only really got out of hand after the economic crisis of 1929. What happened in Japan, happened in many other countries, too.
john daniel Yeah, I used to hate them for what they did because I thought it was premeditated murder. But now that I see their own cabinet officers get shot down like flies with the ideological feuds, I'm finally starting to feel sorry for them.
WRONG, Chiang Kai-Shek did not order Zhang Xueliang not to fight the Japanese! Himself order his troops do not fight the Japanese when he was not in Manchuria. Chiang Kai-Shek was on a ship when Mukden Incident happened! Chiang Kai-Shek only knew the information not from his generals but news from Shanghai! If 400 thousand of the troops fight the 20 thousand Japanese it will be hard to invade China in the future with lack of resource and money!
This is what Communist China want you to believe so that the fault will be on Chiang Kai-Shek, but in reality Zhang Xueliang himself personally say he order it! You are been brainwash by the Communist China!!!
@@d.x.1152 pretty much everyone in china knows this.
Tip: Speak slower and clearer.
Bonus: Add subtitles.
i put it at .75 speed
XD
yes please!
@@XHaRdCoRePwNeRX same here lmao
seriously i cant understand wtf is being said
Thank you so much Jabzy! i was actually thinking about your videos today and wonderying when you will do another one. keep up the good work, its amazing. thanks again!
every time i try and find a history video they talk so fast that i cant learn anything so its really dumb Im just trying to learn!
Well, it’s hard to sum it all up in 3 mins - you clicked on the video!
It helps to slow the video down to 0.75.
Slow it down dork
Maybe your brain just cant learn fast enough and youre slow
that Hirohito picture is on point
@@OttomanSultana NOOOOO😭😭
My ganddad told me how he and his friends went to the top of a bell tower in harbin to get a better veiw of the dog fights that the fighter planes were involved in. He said his friends and him fled the tower after bullets from a plane hit a near by rooftop reminding the young Russians that war was real and deadly aas hell.
Japanese Invasion In China 200 Million
Machurian Conquest China 200 Million
Timurid Conquest In Asia Africa Europe 300 Million
Mongol Conquest 300 Million
1000 Years Islamic Invasion In. Indian Subcontinent 10 Billion
100 Years Of Chinese Unifucation
100 Million
Always a great video Jabzy!
HoI4 as fuck.
please add subtitles in your videos
God yea please do
and slow down your speech pattern.
Good video
So technically the Japanese fought in China for 12 years. Wow :o
14 years tbh. 1931-1945.
Jabsy I'm assuming your reading the book China wars by Phillip jowett. You seem to be going over much the same topics lately the 1911 rebellion, warlords, the annexation of Manchuria are all covered by the book.
+Liam Carballal Im afraid not - I just wanted to cover the Sino-Japanese War and fell down a rabbits hole
The Manchurian candidate.
Siam (Thailand) abstained from the League’s condemnation in 1933 of the Japanese occupation of Manchuria.
+Jabzy, when will you do the philippine-american war?
Any know of fairly accurate movies based on this part of history? Or good books
What are the drums in the intro?
Can someone tell me the music in the background I kind of like it.
would be awesome to get a source list
Maybe just add interest(passion), just maybe.
hey Jabzy,could you do king Philip's war pls and thanks.
dr history yes please
Barry Irlandi anyone else for king Philip's war?
Manchurian Incident
Manchuria:
Historically the people in the northern part of China were always militarily stronger than the Han Chinese as they were good at riding horses. That is why the southern Chinese built the Great Wall of China. Manchuria was never ruled by the Han Chinese, and it was a land of Manchurians (Jurchens) or their relatives like Mongols. Though the Han Chinese were allowed into the land towards the end of the Qing Dynasty, this region was one of the least populated area in today’s China.
However, though as simple as it seems, the issue surrounding the region was so complex that even the Lytton’s report said that the complication is unparalleled like none in the world, and that nobody is entitle to judge anything unless fully aware of the situation.
The Great Game:
The Great Game came eastward all the way to the Far East. They even fought Crimean War in Kamchatka Peninsula. As such, for the Japanese in Edo Era, Russians were the biggest threat, appearing in Hokkaido every now and then and at one point taking over Tsushima. Even after the Meiji Restoration, with Nicholai II calling himself the Commodore of the Pacific, they were always eager to expand into the Pacific Ocean.
Russia had Vladivostok, but its port freezes during the winter. That is why they had set an eye to the Yellow Sea and Liaodong Peninsula where there are some good ports at which today’s North Sea Fleet of People's Liberation Army Navy is stationed.
Thus Russians intervened in the Triple Intervention so that Japan had to return the peninsula which they obtained after the Sino-Japan War. But soon after the return, of course Russia bribed their way to buy rights from Qing for the Chinese Eastern Railway to the Peninsula. The British and the US were concerned about this a lot since if it connects to Trans-Siberian Railway as planned to be completed in 1904, the Russian’s advantage in material transportation to the Far East could change the balance of power in the region and the Pacific.
That is why Russo-Japan War broke out in 1904 with the help of the British and the US. That is why the southern part of the Chinese Eastern Railway was taken by the Japanese in the Treaty of Portsmouth with the mediation by the US.
Development of Manchu:
So Japan took Liaodong Peninsula. But Manchuria at the time was nothing but rugged deserted land just like the western US with poor soil short in phosphor and freezes during winter. Even Dalian was nothing as the Manchurians were land people. Russian started this city (that is why the name Dalian is a part of Russian name meaning Far East) for a few years but it was Japan that developed the entire city. As you can see some photos in internet, the city was just like Shanghai developed by the Sassoon. In the first year alone, Japan invested an equal amount to its national budget.
Japan then developed a new-type soybeans, Manchurian soybeans, that could grow on this poor and cold soil, and started running farms in other parts of Manchuria by leasing and buying lands and hiring locals. Japan could have cultivated lands by machines, but instead it hired locals purposely so they could become well off, too. The export of the Manchurian Soybeans to Europe subsequently grew rapidly and Manchuria become the world’s biggest exporter of soybeans that accounted for over 50% of its total export. Soybean oil was first developed here too. Soybeans were grown throughout the region, and within 20 years, the desert of Manchuria became a prosperous green farm land.
Japan also developed other agricultural products like wheat but they also developed heavy industries like steel, coal, electricity, petroleum, automobile, airplanes, among other things by investing a huge amount of money.
Manchuria became a rich land from nothing.
The Incident:
Then all of sudden, the Han Chinese started saying it is all theirs and Japan has to go home leaving everything behind for free.
In 1912, ROC established itself following the Xinhan Revolution in 1911. Then Qing Dynasty fell in the following month. But no non-Han Chinese regions, Manchuria, Inner Mongol, Uighur or Tibet wanted to join, and with countless wars and plunders among Kuomintang, CCP, many warlords, bandits were going on, the place was in total turmoil like today’s Syria. As all Japan’s contracts were made with the Qing Dynasty and because there was no Manchurian government, Japan formed new contracts with ROC of Yuan Shikai.
However, the Han Chinese started saying this new contract was invalid. Behind this was the Comintern too. Right from the beginning, the Comintern targeted Japan for the following reasons: Japan had monarch; Japan won the Russo-Japan War; Japan intervened Soviet’s revolution in Siberia with the British and others; Soviet wants Manchuria also. Not only blatant breaches of the agreements such as death penalties on people leasing lands to Japanese were imposed, crimes like destructions of railways, factories, facilities, and mines, and burglaries were being reported more than ten thousand cases a year. In the name of “Revolution,” they did anything to get Japanese out of the place.
Although Japan did not originally have its army in Manchuria, they could not maintain the order and had to station Kwantung Army in 1919. Incidentally, Kwantung literally means the east of a barrier, specifically meaning the barrier where Great Wall touches Bohai Sea. So by definition, Kwantung Army was not mean to cross the Great Wall.
However, crimes and harassment kept on increasing, and in the end, the Manchurian Incident broke out. It was not a cause, but it was a result of what happened in the previous 15 years.
Helen Mears, a US historian and an author of “Mirrors of America: Japan” says in her book that Japan can sue ROC with the information collected in the Lytton’s report; the armed force that Japan used in the Incident was no more than other country used for retaliations against China’s crimes and threats. A US diplomat in China, John Van Antwerp MacMurray, says in his book “How the Peace was Lost” that Japan kept all international treaties and it was ROC that broke them, and because US did not treat Japan equally on this matter, it became unbearable for the Japanese. Also another US diplomat Ralph Townsend wrote in his book, “Ways That Are Dark: The Truth About China,” that Japan did what we had been thinking we should do; every foreigners in the Far East was on the Japan’s side; everyone scornfully laughed at Stimson who criticized Japan on this; but because newspaper did not report the truth, anti-Japan sentiment grew in the US. Behind all this in Manchuria was Zhang Xueliang who was a member of Kuomintang, and Timperley was already in China, so of course all the lies were being spread out. But the Incident was not even against the International Law.
Manchukuo:
One day Puyi escaped into the Japanese Embassy from the Forbidden City, where he was confined after being dethroned. He asked for help. The Han Chinese was keeping him to make it look as if Manchuria belong to ROC. But with all his ancestor graves being destroyed and all the treasures stolen, Puyi really became sick of the Han Chinese and demanded to go back to Manchuria as an emperor. Since then some 700 representatives of Manchurians, Mongols, Koreans, youth, and other groups living in Manchuria got together in Fengtian and decided to found Manchukuo.
So the Machukuo was established with the help of the Japanese government but all of its ministers and politicians were Manchurians. And with the return of the emperor, all the robbers, bulgars and the like got together under him, and soon the order was restored in Manchuria.
Some people call it a puppet state. But if this was a puppet state, what about all the Latin America and Caribbean countries of the time supported by US? What about India supported by the British? The truth is that it was a country all Manchurian wanted and welcomed.
After the War in Tokyo Trial, Puyi testified that he did not want to be an emperor and the whole thing was forced by the Japanese. But at the time he was kept in Soviet’s concentration camp; escorted by Soviet’s soldiers; and was taken back to the camp. He later wrote in his memoir that he hid the truth in the Toyo Trial. Also in “Twilight in the Forbidden City” written by Reginald F. Johnston, a Puyi’s personal teacher, Johnston says that Puyi wanted to found his own country. This is a first class primary source evidence.
Lytton’s report:
Right or left, and Great Powers or Japanese, they more or less all agree that the report written by the Lytton Commission was thorough and good, but except for its conclusion. The report literally says that just about everything Japan said is right, and respects all its rights in Manchuria. But in its conclusions, it suggests the Manchukuo to be under the control of the League of Nations.
Of course, the League of Nations was heavily controlled by the Great Powers, so in a way, this conclusion was understandable. But for the Japanese it was not acceptable. At the time, the Japanese politicians were pacifists and the Kwantung Army was aggressive. But it was really the media that fueled the whole thing everyday.
One of the communists and a Soviet spy arrested in the Sorge Incident was a Japanese journalist, Hotsumi Ozaki, at the leading newspaper company, Asahi Shinbun, who was executed in jail. He was also a brain to the Prime Minister Konoe, but previously he stationed in China as an analyst of Asahi for the Manchurian Railway.
You should make a video
reduce the video speed to 0.75 itll be slower
The Japanese had Renault FT tanks?
Emperor Hirohito should’ve known better.
1:46 Chiang didn’t give the order of “non-resistance” Zhang Xueliang himself admitted that he gave the order based on his own miscalculations in several interviews in the 1990s (ua-cam.com/video/sd7fXFCLeok/v-deo.html). This can be corroborated with Chiang’s personal diary. Chiang noted that he only knew about the invasion of Manchuria the Following day. When the invasion happened Chiang was in Shanghai, and news only reached him the day after. By then most of Manchuria was under Japanese control. The central government sent WangJingwei to persuade Zhang to put up some resistance, but he declined.
Father was a merchant marine in the 1930's His Friend at UPI gave him supplies to photograph all he witnessed during the Asian conflicts. He photographed several public mass executions of so called criminals and pirates. by the Japanese. Along with many instances of collateral damage.
His photographs were processed by his UPI connection and used in newsreels and anti-Japanese propaganda. I have seen one or two on internet documentaries.
nice! could you send some of these photographs?
Japanese soldiers was guarding Manchuria against Russia due to a contract with Qing Dynasty.
Dang there's a lot of stupid people in the comments who really think there's no consequences to any of these events.
Manchu !
Damn, that was a lot of political disruption
thats longer then 3 minutes
i cant hear what hes trying to say, get a better microphone or add subtitles :)
lmao
so unfortunate what happened to puyi
i thought japanese hold loyalty and honor above all else..
Actually, they do as long as the loyalty and honor are to Japan.
u watch to much anime
whatever a nation claims to be, it is often not. america the free, china the civil, japan the honorable, etc.
@@musAKulture but in fact the US is more free than china, China is ruled by one party so in return it's more civil, and the Japanese public still doesn't leave feces scattered across bathrooms so I'd say that's more respectful. Maybe these nations emphasize certain themes to differentiate itself from the rest of the world and to have more of a solid foundation from which they want to build their society around.
@@gawd8358 lmao. if only if only...yes they are marginally better for sure, i agree.
You mean 4 minute history
sources?
i need the sources for a project
You never got them...
Did he do the Gulf War yet?
+Florida Railfanning 812 The first one yeah
Jabzy Alright. I love your videos!
Why is this 4:44?
why were alot of Japan's pm's assassinated?
corrupt government
sorry for the 3 year delay lmao
nobody decided to respond 🤣
You know, actually the Japanese assassinated Zhang Xuolin by blowing up a bridge while he was on a train running underneath it.
- Unit 731:
ua-cam.com/video/YdM3_kzhscM/v-deo.html&
+Toney Davis its covered in sino-japanese war, which will be out after xinjiang wars
How bout I do, anyway?
Are you sharing history with us or merely treating us as audiences to your speech deficiency and eloquence test?
Impossible to understand
LIES ITS 4 MINUTES
Cannot understand what you are saying, please slow down and speak clearer!
Is this spoken in English? Can't understand a word
can you title it as 4 minute history itself, since it will remove a lot of the criticism on the comments ( which are mostly unnecessary I feel)
Speak slower and add subtitles otherwise only 50% is understandable. To pull off speaking this quickly you need to have much better diction.
Sorry, are you hard of hearing or just obtuse?
@MrZekinhaluiz The microphone quality was kind of bad in his old videos, to be honest.
Not too hard to follow dawg
nah this is fine idk what yall r on abt
First! :D
Ivoo 27 lol!
The narration is simply TOO FAST to absorb anything!!
Bruh just slow down how you speak and just change the title to 5 min history
SPEED of speech with an accent makes it impossible to follow
Almost obliterating Chinese culture... 😳😁... History... 😳
i didnt understand shit
dude, you're better off not making these inaudible perplexing knowledge videos
To fast. To fast. To fast. Why? What is your rush?
Be professional. Or are you a beginner?
Wrong Puyi is emperor of Manchukuo and Japan occupied Manchuria because bandits from the Fengtian clique bombed Japanese railroads you are just repeating CCP propaganda!🇯🇵🇹🇼
Can you talk slower i stg
"3 Minute History" - video takes 4:43 minutes - instant dislike.
Mud Kippz You must be the life of the party.
ah come on. have a heart. it was close enough.
Bro talk slower