I think there is a mistake on the last step, the one which involves the 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase: the reaction requires a NADPH (+ H+) to reduce two of the four carbons involved in the double bonds, instead of NADP+, otherwise that would mean a further oxidation of already oxydated carbons.
Yeah, you're right. Because you're adding two Hydrogens, one at carbon 2 & the other at carbon 5, and the electrons must perform some sort of radical intermediate in order to form a double bond between carbons 3 & 4. Simple error.
Thanks so much. Your videos have been beneficial to me as a Nigerian postgraduate student. In the reaction involving 2,4-dienoylCoA intermediate, NADPH should be used up to generate the oxidized form. Thanks.
If 1 NADPH => 3 ATP and 1 FADH2 => 2 ATP So Stearic acid => 146 ATP Linoleic - 1 FADH2 => 144 ATP Linolenic acid - (1 FADH2 and 1 NADPH) => 141 ATP Right? Can everyone tell me please? Thanks (Linolenic acid -2 FADH2 because it presents 2 double bond, and +1 FADH2 -1 NADPH in dehydrogenase and reductase step)
Welcome back!I was wondering when the next video would be uploaded,I am a student studying at a difficult country, and I get a lot of help from you, Thanks! :D
I don't see the point on the even or odd numbers of double bonds. The illustration that @AK Lecture showed for the even C18:2n6 can be also applied to C18:3n3. Can someone helps to clarify this point? Thanks
Thank you very much for your lectures. Sometimes books take for granted facts and explain mechanisms and processes without giving any reasons for what is happening. For example, in this case, I could not understand why a reduction reaction was needed. You simply explained that it was because the conjugated intermediate was not a substrate of the enzyme hydrolase and so a different reaction was needed. I don't like learning without thinking, only memorizing stuff putting no logic into it. That's what I like about you. You always explain WHY something is happening. You're an inspiration. Thank you very much. I'll pass my exam thanks to you.
Great video it explains a lot but I just don't get it how double bond from last step when reductase is working how cis double bond between fourth and fifth carbon jump to the trans double bond between third and fourth carbon because reductase just give hidrogen atoms to the molecule it is not removing two carbon atoms
thank you for posting this video, thank you for coming back, a bit of correction, when enzyme 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase works, it requires NADPH + H+, forming NADP+. not the other way around, please check. thank u
+AK LECTURES (Andrey K) i've checked d video, and you really add the annotation, thank u.. anw i'm still curious how a math grads can end up in med school? =D
The palmitoleic acid goes through 3 rounds of beta oxidation until the cis acyl coA is formed, and then the enoyl coA isomerase, then continues beta oxidation etc.... but Is it 3 rounds for this particular example or do all mono unsaturated fatty acids go through 3 rounds?
With this knowledge you're the most suited scientist to develope supplements and medications to correct the missing links in our metabolism . I loved organic chemistry in school.
or how about to eat a diet that would be best suited for health, to eliminate the need for medications? Who wants to be on medications for life if health was an option all along?
1. What occurs to poly and monounsaturated fats that go unused? Are they converted into triglycerides? 2. Say someone is on a ketogenic diet, consuming large amounts of fat. What is the signal that induces storage of fat vs oxidation? Such as how maxed out glycogen storage results in triglyceride formation, in terms of carbohydrate consumption.
Great stuff, thanks a lot. I was just wondering if all dietary PUFAs are equally readily oxidized for energy production, or if the number of double bonds (or other competing metabolic functions, e.g. in case of AA, EPA, DHA) affect the utilization. In other words; if one didn't eat enough calories, would his omega-3-supplements be as readily catabolized to energy as any other fatty acids?
I am so grateful for all of the AK Lectures BioChemistry lectures. I can’t thank you enough.
I think there is a mistake on the last step, the one which involves the 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase: the reaction requires a NADPH (+ H+) to reduce two of the four carbons involved in the double bonds, instead of NADP+, otherwise that would mean a further oxidation of already oxydated carbons.
Gianlu1912 u r right. The reaction uses NADPH & H+ and release NADP+
Yeah u are right 👌
Yeah, you're right. Because you're adding two Hydrogens, one at carbon 2 & the other at carbon 5, and the electrons must perform some sort of radical intermediate in order to form a double bond between carbons 3 & 4. Simple error.
Yes u r crt....💯💯
Yeah
his explanations are so clear and concise. How can you not like his lectures?
Your videos are SUPERB. most of such videos are like punishment to listen, but yours..very easy and interesting.
Great to see you back! You're amazing.
Thanks so much. Your videos have been beneficial to me as a Nigerian postgraduate student.
In the reaction involving 2,4-dienoylCoA intermediate, NADPH should be used up to generate the oxidized form. Thanks.
Thank you for saving us in biochemistry! ❤
Afnan S. You are right
However english is not my languge ,he explane it better than my doctor thank you Mr,AK
Thank you so much! You absolutely saved me for my IB Extended Essay
I think the process is okay but where we use 2,4 dienoyl coa reductase,We use NADPH and H ,becoz we are adding 2H at C2 n C5
hey shouldnt that be from NADPH +H to NADP and not the other way around??
by the way, your lectures are amazing! Great help for med students
but he said the reductase enzyme reduced NADP to NADPH+H and oxidized the substrate!!!
yeah but he made a mistake. sheena said it right. it wouldnt make sense to oxidise the supstrate which then has more hydrogen molecules
Great explanation
this was very helpful, thank you.
If 1 NADPH => 3 ATP and 1 FADH2 => 2 ATP
So Stearic acid => 146 ATP
Linoleic - 1 FADH2 => 144 ATP
Linolenic acid - (1 FADH2 and 1 NADPH) => 141 ATP
Right?
Can everyone tell me please? Thanks
(Linolenic acid -2 FADH2 because it presents 2 double bond, and +1 FADH2 -1 NADPH in dehydrogenase and reductase step)
What if the single double bond is present in even number carbon?
Welcome back!I was wondering when the next video would be uploaded,I am a student studying at a difficult country, and I get a lot of help from you, Thanks! :D
I don't see the point on the even or odd numbers of double bonds. The illustration that @AK Lecture showed for the even C18:2n6 can be also applied to C18:3n3. Can someone helps to clarify this point?
Thanks
Thank you very much for your lectures. Sometimes books take for granted facts and explain mechanisms and processes without giving any reasons for what is happening.
For example, in this case, I could not understand why a reduction reaction was needed. You simply explained that it was because the conjugated intermediate was not a substrate of the enzyme hydrolase and so a different reaction was needed.
I don't like learning without thinking, only memorizing stuff putting no logic into it. That's what I like about you. You always explain WHY something is happening. You're an inspiration. Thank you very much. I'll pass my exam thanks to you.
So glad you did this video! Phenomenally clearer than my lecturer haha
+Samueltk awesome! Thanks bud!
sir your videos save me lot :)
you're awesome .
Can anyone help me out what products occur from oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids?
Thank u soooooooo much , U are the best !!!
Awesome explanation sir
Great video it explains a lot but I just don't get it how double bond from last step when reductase is working how cis double bond between fourth and fifth carbon jump to the trans double bond between third and fourth carbon because reductase just give hidrogen atoms to the molecule it is not removing two carbon atoms
thank you for posting this video, thank you for coming back, a bit of correction, when enzyme 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase works, it requires NADPH + H+, forming NADP+. not the other way around, please check. thank u
+CitraTheKrumZ Thank you! You're right. I added an annotation with the correction!
+AK LECTURES (Andrey K) women are always right hhahhaha,, naahh I'm just kidding.. glad i can help ;)
CitraTheKrumZ Can't argue with you there :-)
+AK LECTURES (Andrey K) i've checked d video, and you really add the annotation, thank u.. anw i'm still curious how a math grads can end up in med school? =D
+AK LECTURES (Andrey K) then the intermediate is reduced and not oxidized as mentioned right?
The palmitoleic acid goes through 3 rounds of beta oxidation until the cis acyl coA is formed, and then the enoyl coA isomerase, then continues beta oxidation etc.... but Is it 3 rounds for this particular example or do all mono unsaturated fatty acids go through 3 rounds?
It depends of the location of the first double bond counted from the carboxyl end.
Thanks a Lot sir, it helped tremendously.
Just when I bought some new fish oil caps. Thanks a lot!
Thank you oooh sir ❤
One doubt in last step 2hydrogen atoms will be added or removed as I can see two hydrogen atoms added at position no 2 and 5 in product
thank you sir for this lecture
This is great, thank you!!
good to c u back.. ur videos helping a lot.. thank u so much.
Can unsaturated fatty acids be synthesized from glucose?
omega - 9
Thank you sooo much !!!
you have made biochem easy with your concise and free flowing knowledge.keep it up
awsome sir....love your lectures....I thought u stopped.Thanks again sir.
I'm still wondering how/if this impacts on mitochondrial health
I have an exam over this material this week! Perfect timing.
Did you pass?
@@teodorkiritsov2677 Haha yes, I'm a licensed pharmacist now
Awesome good for you
Now I'm because our biochemistry tchr refuse to discuss this and now we're apparently having an exam -_-
What if the compound has triple bonds,how will be there beta oxidation process
5 years old ....still so useful✨
Brother what on earth is an apatacide?
Very nice
Finally I get it, thanks!
With this knowledge you're the most suited scientist to develope supplements and medications to correct the missing links in our metabolism . I loved organic chemistry in school.
or how about to eat a diet that would be best suited for health, to eliminate the need for medications? Who wants to be on medications for life if health was an option all along?
Thank you
thank you so much
how many rounds of beta oxidation are needed to oxidate it at the end?
4
How is it that the double bond was moved from the the ninth carbon to be positioned between the third and the fourth carbon in the polmitolate ?
1. What occurs to poly and monounsaturated fats that go unused? Are they converted into triglycerides?
2. Say someone is on a ketogenic diet, consuming large amounts of fat. What is the signal that induces storage of fat vs oxidation? Such as how maxed out glycogen storage results in triglyceride formation, in terms of carbohydrate consumption.
Can u please tell why enoyl hydratase enzyme can't act on this
Pls anyone at which carbon the oxidation takes place at 2;4 dienoyl coa.
With help of reductase.
Great stuff, thanks a lot. I was just wondering if all dietary PUFAs are equally readily oxidized for energy production, or if the number of double bonds (or other competing metabolic functions, e.g. in case of AA, EPA, DHA) affect the utilization. In other words; if one didn't eat enough calories, would his omega-3-supplements be as readily catabolized to energy as any other fatty acids?
the beast has returned. are you in school or making youtube videos exclusively?
man welcome back !
Thank you for such simple explaination
is it always 3 beta oxidation cycle apart from the number of carbon atom ?😁😅😅
Hey Genius, can you please so a video on pulmonary function tests??👍🏽🙏🏽🙏🏽🙏🏽
Can you tell me how we can beak down palmitoleic acid in starvation ??
Very well explained .. thank u sir!😊🙌
In the last product, did you mean to draw a double bond between Carbons 2 & 3?
U are awesome man.u answering all of my questions
i love you so much!
better than any professor i have ever had
You made it all very easy sir!Thank you..
thanks great video!
thank you SO MUCH
god bless you , thank you
Welcome back Andrey! Guess you had enough time off from your medical studies to post more videos! Awesome stuff, really appreciate your awesome videos
+nmanhas thanks! spring break gave me a few extra minutes :)
Why enoyl coa hydratase could not act on 2 4 dienoyo coAs alpha and beta carbon while it could act on trans delta2 enoyl coA
May be because of structural difference...
Never Mind
Thanks a Lot
Shouldn't it form trans delta 2 enoyl CoA instead of trans delta 3 enoyl CoA?
Quincy Madunezim yes
love u man
Why three rounds of beta oxidation?
it should be two right?
Three rounds just to react with the saturated bond of Linoleoyl CoA. Then after that, it encounters the double bond part.
جزاك الله خيرا
Hey, Hey! Great timing as I am going back over MCAT material. Glad to have ya back!! Hey any possibility of Psychology/Sociology future videos?
Thanks Ak lectures for yet another life-saving video!