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Why the Longest Tunnel in the World Leads to New York City - IT'S HISTORY
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- Опубліковано 9 бер 2022
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New York City is the pinnacle example of American development. Being the most populated city in the United States, it requires a tremendous amount of infrastructure - chief Among the most important of these systems is its waterworks which have a long and complex past. Today we discover a fascinating tale of underground piping, aqueducts, forgotten tanks, and the longest tunnel in the world!
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IT’S HISTORY - Weekly tales of American Urban Decay as presented by your host Ryan Socash.
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00:43 - The History of New York’s early Waterworks
03:34 - New York’s water crisis (The Great Fire of New York & Illnesses)
05:20 - Why New York’s Water administration got into banking
06:59 - The Story of The old Croton Aqueduct
08:08 - How the Croton Aqueduct transformed New York (part 1)
09:07 - A word from our sponsor - Squarespace
10:41 - How the Croton Aqueduct transformed New York (part 2)
11:48 - Construction of the New Croton Aqueduct
12:53 - Construction of the Delaware Aqueduct (The worlds longest tunnel)
14:52 - The modern waterworks of New York
» CREDIT
Scriptwriter - Gregory Back,
Editor - Kamil Krawiec
Host - Ryan Socash
Sponsor - Squarespace
» SOURCES
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» NOTICE
Some images may be used for illustrative purposes only - always reflecting the accurate time frame and content. Events of factual error / mispronounced word/spelling mistakes - retractions will be published in this section.
My step dad was one of the sand hogs who worked on the Ashokan tunnel to New York City pre WWII. He had alot of great stories about some of the rock and minerals they cut through, including huge quartz crystals, some of which went to the NY Museum of Natural History.
Here we go...
@6:12 your narration on Lead being Plumbum was perfect. the symbol for lead as you know is Pb. You had no messup!!
I’m surprised you didn’t mention the ongoing tunnel project called water tunnel 3. It’sa huge 100km tunnel built very deep under the city and will replace the older tunnel 1. It started around 1970 and not expected to be complete until 2026.
Cool. Never heard of it.
Same here, was expecting the video to finish with it.
Btw, a part of Die Hard III takes place in this tunnel (its' third act)
@@guyr.6053 I remember that! Always wondered where it was.
@@guyr.6053 I remember that
The city started an stopped this tunnel a number of times as it ran out of money for one reason or another. I heard that the other tunnels have Hugh shutoff valves for maintenance reasons but were never shut off because if they did it would shut down water for at least 1/3 of the city. So they started this tunnel so they could shut down parts of it for maintenance. I also remember they finished the tunnel part went Jersey Gov. Christy got in ( that's a time reference). They just had to connect them all together. This released the tunnel workers for the 4 train tunnels they are completing now. This info is somewere I saw a documentary years ago on it.
I'm a former Chase employee and it's funny that I think it's now 30 years since the bank has been called Chase Manhattan today it is called JPMorgan Chase. Chase recognizes the fact that among its heritage Banks in the past it goes back to the Manhattan company and in the corporate headquarters there is an example of a hollowed out log that was used for distributing water. Not to mention the guns that were used in the Alexander Hamilton Aaron Burr duel.
I have lived in NYC for 20 years and always been in a 5 story building, always enjoying that gravity fed water. One of my early confronting moments about the value of this idea was during the 2003 blackout - everything was out… but my walkup building in Yorkville, on the 5th floor in the heat of august had cool upstate water flowing. Stupid selfish I know… but as a NYC sycophant… keep these NYC history videos coming. I literally dream of what you might do next. They are all so so so great for a local… again, selfish I know. But there are a lot of us… so collective selfishness? For those New Yorkers who will find this in the future…? I’m sticking to it - keep the NYC history coming!
The water tanks on top of the older 6 story and taller buildings is amazing. Modern buildings have them too, but many use lift pumps on every other floor to provide pressure.
The water flowing during the summer blackout allowed people to fill tubes and not die, like happened in Chicago, Detroit and other cities.
During that blackout, Upstate New York towns with their own independent power plants were the only places with the lights still on.
That's why hydro power is so important. It works without coal or oil or natural gas, through all weather.
We really need to build more wind mills and solar farms
The best thing is if you have a house put solar panels on the roof and put in a 10kw windmill
And 12 RV batteries
If the grid fails, you can power your entire house with just a 5mph wind and 10 hours of daylight
A natural gas or propane generator is a good idea too for a backup
I was amazed how just 4 6 volt RV lead acid batteries was able to run everything for 6 hours
If you are careful you can have a couple days worth power with no source recharging
Good ideas. Seems like collective gratitude.
The level of mastery we have attained in getting clean water to people in cities is one of the most magnificent achievements of the modern world. It might be true that in ancient Rome there was more water being brought into the city per person but just how clean that water was, well, likely not the greatest.
It is not like keeping water clean is not an ongoing issue as well, in my own little city, around 30+ years ago there was a dry cleaner who just dumped their chemicals out their back door (more or less literally) and the water has slowly been leeching down the side of the valley it is on. In the area where this is a problem, even though it is a place that has sewers, the city never ran water lines to many of the roads there. So people have well water and many of these houses either have expensive filtration equipment or they have to bring their drinking water in from elsewhere (though well water here is still safe enough for showering). (this is in Connecticut btw)
The water being brought to Rome was probably way cleaner than whatever water could have been obtained in the area of Rome itself.
it is not hard to make potable water. thinking so is just lazy or uninformed
@@nomercyinc6783 "Making" it, is just one part of "getting" it.
I wouldn't qualify getting water to our cities as an "achievement". The environmental impacts often not sustainable are an embarrassment and clear indication of overpopulation on our planet.
The Colorado river runs dry before the ocean. Owens valley lake is dry due Los Angeles and nearby farming. Mexico city and Las Vegas rely on underground wells for large portions of their water which are slowly diminishing each year. Mexico city famously drop 20 inches a year from pumping water from under their city. Las Vegas takes water also from hundreds of miles away. Aral sea is another example where the lake was dried up in the 2010s due to water consumption.
Often smaller towns and farms are destroyed to provide for the big city.
It makes me laugh when some claim we have pollution, housing, food and water issues. Well maybe population are too high and unsustainable.
Another stupidity is not eat meat. You cannot grow crops on most lands plus even fertile land only for a few years. Grass can grow every year and almost anywhere hence why our ancestors had lifestock too.
The disconnect is very real nowadays about our current state and how to treat our planet in a sustainable way.
@@flaviusfake271
Cities were a mistake and de-urbanization along with land reclamation can't come soon enough. Cities also create very selfish materialistic greedy people detached from the reality of the world because they live in an artificial and unhealthy habitat.
The symbol for Chase Manhattan Bank is actually a wooden pipe chase.
The lake inside of Central Park was originally a reservoir and was at one time to be filled in, but the city residents spoke out against that and it remains a lake today.
City police officers annually dive and search of that lake to recover guns, bicycles and other items that have been thrown in it.
The reservoirs in upstate New York are guarded by NYC Police Officers.
I remember seeing photographs of the inside of the first aqueduct when they were able to close it down for maintenance after over one hundred fifty years of continuous service.
I believe the current want supply enters the city an a large cavernous facility 4 stores underground.
Hasn’t another even larger water tunnel been dug and placed into service.
The symbol of Chase Manhattan should be: the Grinch, or Ebenezer Scrooge.
My grandfather worked on the Ashokan dam. My mother grew up only a mile or two from the dam in Stone Ridge NY. It’s still a beautiful place to go to, antique shops, lots of history, apple picking, we’ve made our yearly family “pilgrimage” there for as long as I can remember.
Flash Back 10years and I was doing a Street Restoration job in Brooklyn and found the original Wood and Lead lined piping STILL serving 8 houses in Brooklyn! Spent 25 years doing Civil/Structural engineering in NYC!
You've done a great job on the water of NYC....now how about the garbage....like the Fresh Kills Landfill!
Supposedly cleaned up .. or was that Arthur Kills?
@@JimAllen-Persona Fresh Kills is the landfill. Arthur Kills is the water nearby.
@@samanthab1923
I know of the Kill Van Kull waterway and Arthur Kill Road, but didn’t know that there’s a waterway called Arthur Kill.
@@augsdoggs All those crazy Dutch names. There’s actually a Fresh Kills estuary too.
@@samanthab1923
Yes I worked for companies capping several sections of Fresh Kills Landfill. Some sections were closed while the landfill was still operating, others were capped after the place was fully closed, such as the estuary area. I lived on SI for nearly 40 years. I suppose that you’re from there as well.
If my math is right... 13 inches per mile is 0.25 of an inch every 104'-2". That's pretty impressive!
I have installed pipes underground connected to the drains on gutters, for the purpose of moving the water away from structures. Even using a laser level it was hard to get 1" of drop over 10 feet. Granted this did not involve the detailed planning a city water supply would get, still it made me really appreciate just how precise both ancient and modern stuff really was.
(The stuff we did, it was just digging trenches and laying pipe, then covering it back up. Nothing spectacular or really special)
Could you do a video about the location of the Croton Reservoir and the connection between the Jerome family and Winston Churchill.?
I worked there and we found buried brick walls from the Jerome Race Track buried about 12 below grade.
That’s an interesting little story. My dad grew up in the Bronx. On Sedgwick over near the res. I never knew Jerome Ave. was named after her dad.
Jenny Jerome was an American from a socially prominent New York City family. She married into an English family, as did many young woman of her age. Now of her children was Winston Churchill.
I second this! I grew up living on the ("New") Croton Reservoir and it's history has always fascinated me
I'm a water treatment plant operator. I love videos like this relating the history of potable water conveyance and infrastructure.
As usual, Ryan, very well done
We take this absolute necessity for life so much for granted. Must be a testament to the quality of the systems in place that continuously bring clean water to us. We forget how incredibly fortunate we are to almost never have to do without.
Another great video brother!! And New Yorkers pronounce it Ak-waduct lol. I grew up in the Bronx, right near the Jerome Park Reservoir. On a hot summer day nothing beat opening the cold water on the faucet, and drinking straight from it. If you could do a story on the very interesting history of the Jerome Park Reservoir, that would be awesome!!
An excellent documentary on the astonishing story of the NYC water supply (one of my favorite topics to contemplate, especially when visiting the Catskills). The most important fact is stated at the end: that gravity is what brings the water to the city. There of course were engineering challenges, but the supply is a stroke of good luck, as is NYC period! The topography made all this possible. When I stand at the Ashokan Reservoir each year, I am amazed at the fact that this water will eventually be in my home!
I already learned most of this information from Jerry Parks, the truck driver, in Die Hard 3.
Yeah, people like really exist.
wonderful broadcast quality doc...well conceived, well executed!
I've always heard the Roman's knew about the dangers of lead. Their water was just so mineral rich it coated the pipes and provided a barrier against the lead
Ryan, the Old Croton Aqueduct is now a nature trail. You can pick it up in Bronx and take it all the way up to Croton, apparently. There are a few detours as areas were developed before it became a park. There is an entrance less than a mile from my house in Yonkers.
4:54 "That Aaron Burr ?" , "Oh THAT Aaron Burr"
The guy from the "Got milk" commercial?
04:54 Not Aaron Burn?
"You cannot photograph the smell."
-19th century New York guy.
We are currently digging a tunnel from Manhattan to the source of the Thames. The idea is to supply oneself with water while denying everyone else.
Keep up the good work dude nice video
It's aaaaqueduct ..like hat. And many thanks for NOT using that scratched film effect filter! Much easier to watch your work.
These are incredible engineering feats for the time they were constructed and still functioning properly…not a single pump in the catskill aqueduct
Aaron Byrne did not kill Alexander Hamilton. The man was Aaron Burr, who was also V.P. during Jefferson's first term.
For a more detailed story, see if you can get a hold of Water for a City by Charles Weidener Rutgers University press, 1974. It has a lot of naps, illustrations and photos.
I worked on water tunnel 3 started right out of high school 1980 just retired after 40 years
Robert Daley, author of "The World Beneath the City," should be proud of your unabridged treatment of his 1959 book's first several chapters!
When the Ashokan was almost dry in spots 25+ years ago, my buddies dad went with his metal detector. Since the reservoir is a small town that was flooded, there's lots of things to find.
Him: As the UA-camr’s say…
Me: Wait, aren’t YOU a UA-camr…? Sounds like something my history teacher would say before the school Bell 🔔
plumbum! lol love it...i wonder if i have a plum bum or a purple bum
Excellent video!
Most interesting...watching from 🇨🇦
I live in NYC for the last two decades. They say it like the first way you said it.
Water Tunnels #1 PALE in comparison with Water Tunnel #3...worked on the Main Pumping Chamber underneath Van Cortland Park in the Bronx....850ft Down and 1000ft x 1000ft x 500ft...Did my job for 25 years!
Another awesome episode!
Fluoride added for "tooth decay" and pineal gland decay.
An amazing feat of engineering. Thank you for the video!
"The city saw these challenges coming..." Hmmmmm, seems like they've lost that ability in the past decade or so.
Q&A... the former rather than the later 🥱
Holy shit!
I live in Bakersfield California and I find that Aquaduct is mostly used ,but... so either slightly other version of the word is in use.😉
Great video
Imagine finding an old pot in your backyard thanking that it was somebody’s pottery or something used in the kitchen
Then you find out it was just an old shit pot LOL
I knew exactly what the title was referring to. I live right next to it.
plumbum... I like that word
Don’t think I’ve ever caught a video this early
I agree but plumbum is funny word in the old history but I not sure who came up of it
When they had a fire;
and wooden water pipes ?
they would dig a hole down to the water pipe,& drill a hole in it --and then use buckets to create a bucket brigade ;
Just imagine how long this process took…. while someone’s house is burning down!
to put out the fire ….and this is where the term fire plug came from :
because once the hole was not used?
it was plugged with a wooden stick going up toward the surface and called a fire plug….
Very soon someone had the idea of putting a riser and a valve on it and that was the first water hydrant for fires
its the longest known tunnel - there are probebly so many tunnesl under this nation that are way way longer
15:35 - - *QUESTION: “The system adds FLUORIDE to prevent TOOTH DECAY”* *(?) ... TOOTH DECAY FROM WHAT? CHLORINE??*
If you're into such history, did you know both rivers (the east and hudson) were created by a breaking ice dam of huge proportions in the badlands long long long ago.
Are you referring to ice age meltwater?
Thank you...
Norton!
Did every city in the US have a 'great fire' at some point? Chicago's is probably the most famous. I live in Detroit which had a 'great fire' in 1805 (Our motto is even: 'Speramus Meliora; Resurget Cineribus' or 'We Hope For Better Things; It Shall Rise From the Ashes' which is a pretty good motto for Detroit especially now that it seems like it's going through a Renaissance) and now New York too. I'm guessing that almost every City has had some kind of huge fire at some point. I know London has had at least one.
yes... things that make you go hmmm??
Oh Detroit is going through a renaissance huh? Not sure I would’ve put it quite so elegantly. 😂
If you're from New Jersey, as I am, it's ACK-wah-duct, not AHK-wah-duct.
I say Ah-kwa-duct since the word derives from Latin's "aqua". But for something like this, especially as it's not a last name (e.g. Porsche), tomato tomato!
Crazy what we can accomplish when we come together.
It was Aaron Burr not Aaron Byrne. You might remember that he was once a Vice President Of The United States.
Not mentioned is that maintenance of the water pipes is impossible since they cannot be shut down. No valve on Tunnel One has been turned in 60 years because the ear that they would break. Most are rusted shut and need to be replaced. One problem is where to put the backed up water if Tunnel One is closed off for repairs.They need cross tunnels so water can be rerouted.
I believe that Aaron Burr killed Alexander Hamilton because Burr believed Hamilton a Traitor who was a Rothschild agent hence his insistence on the formation of the First Bank of America instigated by Hamilton for the Rothschild's.
Amazing. Ack like Aflac! but u can say it the other way and still be correct.
Look I got to be honest your videos are great, I wouldn't be upset if they were a little longer some more facts put in but they're awesome. My one request is can you turn down the music for the intro?
I've driven past it so many times down 684 and never knew it
Plumb Bum! Still relevant. Plumber's crack the British version though xD
Great video! I wonder if Mickey O'Brien of aqueduct security is still on the job?
That always seemed like a great gig to me… city cop patrolling an upstate reservoir.
"Yeah, they said he was a jolly, old, fat guy with a snowy, white beard. Cute little red and white suit. I'm surprised you didn't see him. 😉"
"Is it Aqueduct or Aquaducked?"
In some cities its Aqualung
World's largest acknowledged tunnel*
Also..
"Fluoride to prevent tooth decay" 🤣🤣 learning is always more fun with little bits of comedy sprinkled throughout. Fluoride is already in toothpaste, which spends much more time exposed to the teeth compared to drinking water, after which time It is spit out, as per the instructions. It is not meant to be consumed. However, the powers-that-be learned a few tricks off of ole Adolf. And they are so subtle hardly anyone notices.
13 inches of fall per mile is about 1/400th of an inch per foot.
really NYC has one of the most amazing water systems in the history of civil engineering. Must take a huge amount of people to run the water department as something this big and complex must need constant work.
New York City has some of the best tasting water in this nation.
Soooo how long is the tunnel?
About 13:23 it said 85 miles.
Arron BURR, come on.
Why do you think fluoride in the water is a good thing?
They add fluoride to help tooth decay- sure 😂
It's no surprise, Chase has been screwing up forever
Some Say Potato , Some Say Potahto
What about the new water tunnel?
Akkkwa, ahhhqua, both are common
You promised "forgotten tanks" at the start of the video. Did I miss that part?
Fluoride was NOT added to water for teeth!
Bruh this is so early and no comments like. How.
Fluoride in the water? Why not just toss leftover garbage from the aluminum industry?
Fluoride was NOT added to water for teeth!
@@auaggoldbug4151 I know.
“Aqua”-“duct”
Roman plumbing brought fresh clean water to an area , who’s population ….was shitting itself ,
right up to its ears…
Therefore :
they developed a method of plumbing… to remove sewage…
There is evidence of ancient South American cities that had huge plumbing underground sewers that were like caves but they all made of brick and stone etc. I would like to know where all of that waste water went and what is the current result of it’s presence …in the past
Longest tunnel in the world you say, but what about the DUMB's and the Electromagnetic powered train from LA to New York in just 2.6
hrs, 35 miles underground?! Other than these, great video Ryan!
Well its not the longest tunnel in the world. That belongs to the tunnel in the Swiss Alps which is 35 miles long.
Well....it's "new-klee'-er", not "new-kyew-lur"....You're welcome.
Known...
Aaron Burn?
When I was growing up it was called aqueduct
And so was the race track....
It's 'Octadoc
Now the other side of the coin, what do they do with the waste today?
It's the The Bronx
It's not the longest tunnel in the world. It's the second longest
You just answered the global warming problem in one minute . Most people don’t get this concept. Too many people
Imagine celebrating clean water from a source far far away, while continuing to dump your shit in the river just outside? That is after all what Americans did & many still do. Lets not forget the Love Canal cest pool which resulted from this practice. It led to creation of the EPA & Federal govt to take action where cities, counties, & state governments failed us.
its interesting that you are 'amazed' NYC has a central water supply.. doing something for the community and common good.... isn't amazing... its vital and normal...not having city water is weird to me in europe. i guess its a political divide.
I believe water is a universal right too but I was under the assumption that he was amazed at the technical feat of bringing water to so many houses and buildings rather than the politics of how it got there
canonsvile dam local 825. up state n y.