Arabic, Persian, Hindi, Sanskrit, Hebrew, Ancient Egyptian, and other Indic and ancient languages.
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- Опубліковано 2 чер 2024
- Conclude the tour of my resource library with books for learning Arabic, Persian, Hindi, Sanskrit, other Indict languages, Hebrew, Ancient Egyptian, and other ancient languages. As I go through the books, I pull down and talk about specific volumes, and I also answer questions from Xing Hao, who is filming.
If you enjoy learning from my videos, then you might also enjoy learning by interacting with me in my virtual academy: www.alexanderarguelles.com/ac... You can join me next week to follow the Path of the Polyglot; read French, German, or Spanish literature; learn to read Medieval languages; practice spoken Latin at various levels; participate in Great Books seminars; study the comparative history of religion; or get support for guided self-study of languages.
If you are in a position to support my educational efforts, please consider making a contribution at: ko-fi.com/alexanderarguelles
If you enjoy learning from my videos, then you might also enjoy learning by interacting with me in my virtual academy: www.alexanderarguelles.com/academy/ You can join me next week to follow the Path of the Polyglot; read French, German, or Spanish literature; learn to read Medieval languages; practice spoken Latin at various levels; participate in Great Books seminars; study the comparative history of religion; or get support for guided self-study of languages.
I have that Gulf Arabic book. Very good recordings and dialogues.
Good to know as I haven't used it myself.
Who is the author of that course? Is it that one by Clive Holes?
So amazing, I can feel the lifetime of love coming from these shelves ❤
Thank you kindly.
Thanks very much for the tour, professor, both this video and all the other parts. I don't know if I'll ever move beyond Japanese (maybe into Korean one of these days, I suppose) but I do love seeing all the books for all the other languages. That is an amazing resource you've put together!
It is meant to be shared.
Amazing and inspiring Professor. I'm someone who has been reading and saving your posts since your days of posting as Ardaschir on the language learning forum. My goal at the moment is to delve deeply into Italian - hopefully move from a B1 to a B2 with an 8 week stay in Italy :)
How nice to learn that I have had a longstanding positive influence upon someone's life. Thank you for letting me know!
Professor thank you for another great video. I've been following you since I read about you in Babel No More (by Michael Erard) around ten years ago and you have been an inspiration ever since. Although my range is tiny compared to yours I live happily immersed in Arabic, Japanese, Spanish, French, Russian and English. All throughout this journey I have taken into consideration many of your suggestions and would like to thank you specially for making me aware of the shadowing technique. It has helped me immensely.
It is always nice to hear that my existence has had a positive effect upon others. Thank you!
Utterly fascinating!
Glad you enjoyed it.
This comment is not related to the video but it was a pleasure to read your newsletter. Happy April Professor!
We are going to try to make it a regular monthly issue from now on. Please forward them on to anyone you think might be interested.
@@ProfASAr Professor, are those newsletters somewhere online?
This is really cool!
Thank you!
It has been inspiring to watch your series of videos about your library.
I used some of the same books about Ancient Egyptian when I attempted to learn Egyptian Hieroglyphics a long time ago. I believe that the cursive form of Ancient Egyptian is called "demotic".
Seeing that Hindustani used to be considered one language reminds me of how (at least in English speaking countries) "Serbo-Croatian" was treated as one language a few decades ago, while it is generally now treated as four different languages. At the time, it ranged from "Serbo-Croatian" phrase books for tourists to universities offering courses in "Serbo-Croatian".
Yes, language separation and language merger are fascinating.
I find it surprising that there aren´t more books on hebrew, given the large body of literature in it and the influence the religion had on the west. I would have also expected more books on the cuneiform languages. And the lack of any books on coptic, well, that´s just criminal!
Thank you for showing us your wonderful library, very inspiring. Will there be a part on the other books you talked about heaving "upstairs"?
Perhaps I will do an upstairs tour some day...
I am from Saudi Arabia and honestly seeing this makes me feel so much better about myself and my journey to learn English, and I really appreciate your help with these videos it’s gave me so much motivation to continue learning English and I’m really curious to see you speaking Arabic, and also one more question, since you already speak Arabic did you read some of our poetry? And how do you find it? As you know we are known for our poetry so I am very curious to hear about yours, and thank you again for your helpful videos appreciated ❤
I will be working on Arabic with respect and devotion for the rest of my life. I am very happy to discover that I can really follow narrative recitations of things like the 1001 Nights...
An impressive collection! You have a real treasure in your basement!
Thank you, Claudia, and good to hear from you. It is for others to use at this point, not me.
You comment a few times throughout this series that you wish you could go back to X book, would love to spend some time with Y etc. I'm curious about what you actually are in fact doing linguistically right now? Which languages are the focus for improvement?
I posted a video about that this week - did you see it?
Do you usually study more than one language at a time, or focus on just one at a time? I'm working on my Spanish and French right now, but eventually I'd like to learn Chinese and Japanese, then Arabic and Hindi! I'm curious if you work on any similar languages at the same time :)
Yes, I have always worked on multiple languages at a time.
i will keep an eye out for that Tamil course and send it your way if i happen upon it - we have a multitude of used bookstores in my corner of the world and the foreign language books people leave behind occasionally yield unique and unexpected findings
That would be a wonderful surprise!
Can you clarify something (if you know): Since the Rigveda was composed (spoken/orally transmitted and NOT written in Sanskrit) around 1500 BCE (open to debate), what WRITING system was used in the region around 1500 BCE? What we know of the written form of the Rigveda, as of today, is that it came to be written in Vedic Sanskrit (often just referred to as 'Vedic') as its vocabulary and grammar differ from Classical Sanskrit, which was codified by the ancient grammarian Pāṇini ca 400 BCE (a Sanskrit philologist, grammarian, and revered scholar in ancient India, variously dated between the 6th and 4th century BCE) (Note: Pāṇini's comprehensive and scientific theory of grammar is conventionally taken to mark the start of Classical Sanskrit). But what writing system was used in 1500 BCE? The Rigveda is quite interesting. The Sanskrit in its text (the Rigveda's Sanskrit verbs, nouns, etc.) is different from later Sanskrit (like in the Upanishads), How did Sanskrit itself evolve? This would go a long way towards trace back the PIE culture(s) and unify a lot of how language and culture developed in human history. The Rig Veda is written in early Vedic Sanskrit. Each word often contains multiple and layered meanings. The verses can be understood and translated from the perspective of history, science, philosophy, physics, and metaphysics.
The Rigveda (note: there are four Vedas, the Rigveda being the oldest of the four) was composed (SPOKEN, not WRITTEN, in Sanskrit) around 1500 BCE. That is the GENERAL consensus. The Rigveda was orally transmitted, spoken, and was not written (as far as we know) at its supposed 1500 BCE date of composition. We don't know with certainty what writing system was used in the region around 1500 BCE (if any at all or if the Rigveda or parts of it were even written down at that time - perhaps it was not and was only oral as no evidence exists of a writing system in that region at that time). It is possible , though remotely, that the Rigveda could have been written down in 1500 BCE, but we do not have any writing system from that time. I use the word "remotely" because the oldest part of the Rigveda (the section called the Samhitas - the mantras and hymns to the gods) are referred to as Shruti, "that which is heard". (Note: As mentioned, there are 4 Vedas, with the other three being: Samaveda, Yajurveda, and Atharaveda. Further, each of the 4 Vedas have a Samhitas section - the oldest sections, the other three sections being called Brahmanas, Aranyakas, Upanishads). So we have: Rigveda (Samhitas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas, Upanishads) Samaveda (Samhitas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas, Upanishads) Yajurveda (Samhitas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas, Upanishads) Atharveda (Samhitas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas, Upanishads) Now let me digress a little. The Vedas are likely rewritten and derived from many sources, compiled together, transcripted over time, losing it's "original" text. That goes for pretty much any old book or text. There is no such thing as "original" when it comes to such religious/spiritual book. These books are translated as per translators own perception and accuracy. The books we find today have very analyzed version of what was written and old languages were not that descriptive as modern languages are. Same sentence could mean many things depending on how it was stated. Single word had multiple meanings and so on, it evolved over time to what it is today and still evolving over time with each new generation of humans. As history tends to erase and flash memories play integral part when documenting it. It becomes hard to track undocumented (spoken/oral) parts. Humans have merely just started documenting themselves when compared to oral tradition. As many influencers conquered various part of the world over time it's pretty safe to say that some has survived and much was forgotten in the darkness of history itself. So, what I am saying is that the Rigveda itself may be a disparate collection of hymns, interpreted/remembered differently over generations, some of which has survived obviously and some of which has not survived that we cannot even know about, and then finally collected in a written form according to an arbitrary organizational method - hymns with hymns, liturgies with liturgies, and so on. What we know of the written form of the Rigveda, as of today, is that it came to be written in Vedic Sanskrit (often just referred to as 'Vedic') as its vocabulary and grammar differ from Classical Sanskrit, which was codified by the ancient grammarian Pāṇini ca 400 BCE (a Sanskrit philologist, grammarian, and revered scholar in ancient India, variously dated between the 6th and 4th century BCE) (Note: Pāṇini's comprehensive and scientific theory of grammar is conventionally taken to mark the start of Classical Sanskrit). Unlike the Greeks and Romans and Sumerians where children were taught to write, in the area of modern India writing was reserved only to the elites. Also, ancient libraries have been burned and destroyed over the centuries, so we have very few records of anything and there was no concept of historian in India. Some state that Sanskrit is older than 1500 BCE (that is, earlier than 2000 BCE), as the Rig Veda mentions the river Sarasvati is praised as a flowing extant river in the Rig Veda, which dried up well before 2000 BCE.
I am sorry, I don't know this either.
I've read that the most disputed point about the origin of the Brahmi script is whether it was a purely indigenous development or was inspired or derived from scripts that originated outside India. The indigenous view is strongly preferred by Indian scholars, whereas the idea of Semitic borrowing is preferred most often by Western scholars. Indeed, there is little intervening evidence for writing during the collapse of the Indus Valley Civilization c. 1900 BCE and the first appearance of Brahmi (3rd century BCE or if one wanted to push it back to the 8th-7th centuries BCE). Yes, one of the theories is that Brahmi derives from the Indus script, a writing system employed in the Indus Civilization which fell out of use as this civilization came to an end. There is some resemblance between some of the signs of these scripts. But given the complete absence of material evidence linking both writing systems, this view seems both speculative and hard to verify. It is debated whether the Mauryans were previously aware of the art of writing in general but Brahmi was created anew for the purposes of writing Prakrit, based on well established theories of Vedic grammar and phonetics, and probably on the order of the reform-minded King Ashoka. What do you think? Unfortunately, there is no accepted decipherment of the Indus script. Nevertheless, what you propose (that the IVC has similarities with Brahmi script hence it is possible that Brahmi script succeeded IVC script around 600 BCE) is still plausible. I like to think about it in this way: I think there is a comparison that can be made with Minoan civilization here. Regarding the Minoan language: The oldest language was a pictographic writing system (much like with the IVC) , but developed around 2000 BCE with the Minoans, known as the Cretan hieroglyphs. Another group of signs was identified as Linear A, developed around 1700 BCE. While Cretan hieroglyphs have a pictorial appearance, Linear A has a linear appearance. It has been speculated that both Cretan hieroglyphs and Linear A represent the same language. Perhaps the IVC pictographic writing system is along the same lines as the Cretan pictographs and Brahmi corresponds not with Linear A, but with Linear B in Minoan civilization. What we are missing with IVC and Brahmi is the Linear A version that goes in between the intervening time period of IVC and Brahmi. Although we have some of Linear A (still undeciphered), we have nothing of what is between IVC and Brahmi. Minoan/Creatan Hieroglyphs is similar to Egyptian Hieroglyphs: both are clearly distinct in both form and phonetic value. Both are part of a complex writing system, where most signs have more than one possible reading, dependent on context. Perhaps IVC script is like this as well. Signs could have both a phonetic (single consonant or syllable) value or an ideogrammatic (word) reading, but could even be utilized as phonetic complements or logograms (a written character that represents a word or phrase, like in Chinese), “reinforcing” the reading of words they were attached to. But I think the IVC script is still undeciphered because, like Linear A and Minoan/Creatan Hieroglyphs, there are very few inventory of symbols. Possible Links A promising possible link between the Indus script and later writing traditions may be in the graffiti of the South Indian megalithic culture, which may have some overlap with the Indus symbol inventory and persisted in use up at least through the appearance of the Brahmi and Tamil Brahmi scripts up into the 3rd century CE. These graffiti usually appear singly, though on occasion may be found in groups of two or three, and are thought to have been family, clan, or religious symbols. Most examples of Brahmi found in North and Central India represent the Prakrit language. The Ashokan Inscriptions already show some slight regional variations on the Brahmi script. In South India, particularly in Tamil-Nadu, Brahmi inscriptions represent Tamil, a language belonging to the Dravidian language family, with no linguistic affiliation to the Indo-Aryan languages such as Sanskrit or Prakrit. Some Tamil examples come from inscribed potsherds found at Uraiyur (South India) dating to the 1st century BCE or the 1st century CE. In Arikamedu (South India) there is also evidence of an early form of Tamil in Brahmi inscriptions, dated to the early centuries CE. At this stage, different Brahmi characters specially adapted to suit Tamil phonetic were already in use. Examples of Tamil have not been identified among the earliest securely dated examples of Brahmi found at Anuradhapura in Sri Lanka, where the language represented is Prakrit. It has been argued that the precursor of the Brahmi script is a system of symbols found on graffiti marks located on several sites in Tamil-Nadu (South India). In this region, hundreds of graffiti either inscribed or carved on potsherds and rock have been found: some of these symbols are found at the end of Brahmi inscriptions. This is supported by evidence found at Vallam (South India), where only graffiti inscriptions were present in the earliest phase, followed by a mix of graffiti and Brahmi script in the middle phases, and only Brahmi inscriptions in the latest periods. A similar picture has been produced by excavations at Mangudi. Whether Brahmi truly derives from graffiti is hard to confirm but the connection between the two systems cannot be ruled out. What do you think? Aramaic Hypothesis As you may know, some scholars (mostly Western) have connected Aramaic with Brahmi. According to this theory, Brahmi was derived from the Semitic script and adapted by the Brahman scholars to suit the phonetic of Sanskrit and Prakrit. India became exposed to Semitic writing during the 6th century BCE when the Persian Achaemenid Empire took control of the Indus Valley (part of present-day Afghanistan, Pakistan, and northwestern India). Aramaic was the language of ancient Persian government administration, and official records were written using a North Semitic script. Around this time, another script also developed in the region, known as Kharosthi, which remained dominant in the Indus Valley region, while the Brahmi script was employed in the rest of India and other parts of South Asia. Although we are confident that Kharosthi is an adaptation of Semitic, the connection between Brahmi and Semitic remains unclear. There appears to be general agreement at least that Brahmi and Kharosthi are historically related, though much disagreement persists about the nature of this relationship. What do you think? The earliest contact of the Hindu Kush region with the Aramaic script occurred in the 6th century BCE with the expansion of the Achaemenid Empire under Darius the Great to the Indus valley. It appears that no use of any script to write an Indo-Aryan languages occurred before the reign of Emperor Ashoka in the 3rd century BCE, despite the evident example of Aramaic. Megasthenes, an ambassador to the Mauryan court only a quarter century before Ashoka, noted explicitly that the Indians “have no knowledge of written letters”. This might be explained by the cultural importance at the time (and indeed to some extent today) of oral literature for history and Hindu scripture. [Note: Megasthenes (350-290 BCE) was an ancient Greek historian, diplomat and Indian ethnographer and explorer in the Hellenistic period. He described India in his book Indica, which is now lost.] The Semitic theory (Phoenician or Aramaic) is the more strongly supported by the available data. According to the Aramaic hypothesis, the oldest Brāhmī inscriptions shows striking parallels with contemporary Aramaic for the sounds that are congruent between the two languages, especially if the letters are flipped to reflect the change in writing direction. (Aramaic is written from right to left, as are several early examples of Brāhmī.) For example, both Brāhmī and Aramaic g resemble Λ; both Brāhmī and Aramaic t resemble ʎ, etc. Brāhmī does feature a number of extensions to the Aramaic alphabet, as it was required to write more sounds. For example, Aramaic did not distinguish dental stops such as d from retroflex stops such as ḍ, and in Brāhmī the dental and retroflex series are graphically very similar, as if both had been derived from a single Aramaic prototype. (See Tibetan alphabet for a similar later development.) Aramaic did not have Brāhmī’s aspirated consonants (kh, th, etc.), whereas Brāhmī did not have Aramaic’s emphatic consonants (q, ṭ, ṣ), and it appears that these unneeded emphatic letters filled in for Brāhmī’s aspirates: Aramaic q for Brāhmī kh, Aramaic ṭ (Θ) for Brāhmī th (ʘ), etc. And just where Aramaic did not have a corresponding emphatic stop, p, Brāhmī seems to have doubled up for the corresponding aspirate: Brāhmī p and ph are graphically very similar, as if taken from the same source in Aramaic p. The first letter of the two alphabets also match: Brāhmī a, which resembled a reversed κ, looks a lot like Aramaic alef, which resembled Hebrew א. Both Phoenician/Aramaic and Brahmi had three voiceless sibilants, but because the alphabetical ordering was lost, the correspondences among them are not clear. Not accounted for are the six Brahmi consonants bh, gh, h, j, jh, ny, some of which could conceivably derive from the three Aramaic consonants with no obvious correspondence. (Brahmi ng was a later development.)
Thank you for the great missive text - I hope others take the time to read it.
I envy you for your library
Thank you!
Assimil Cat for Human speakers. Thanks, and take care.
That would be a classic!
That is such an awesome collection! I am looking forward to delving into Arabic and Aramaic once I get a solid grip on Hebrew! And Coptic and Egyptian too!
Very important question: are you aware of Egyptologist and Biblical Scholar David A. Falk who runs a YT channel “Ancient Egypt and the Bible”? I think you two could have a wonderful discussion for a collaboration of sorts! Just a thought!
How's your Hebrew coming along? I'm fascinated by that language...
@@Christopher_Stead Well I can understand like 50-ish percent of a random text, but when I translate the words it flows way better! Still a long way to go though!
@@Yan_Alkovic Sounds like progress! It reminds me of that stage of Latin learning that the Prof and I experienced after doing Wheelock’s Latin but before doing massive input with the Lingua Latina series. All the best for your journey improving the language. It’s on my wishlist too, but I really really need to get serious about Telugu and Korean first
Thank you, Yan. No, I have never heard of him... good suggestion!
@@ProfASAr Glad to hear that! And yes, I miss Latin myself...
How do you feel your Arabic compares to your Korean, given you've had about a decade in-country for each? Obviously you began with Korean first, but on the whole would you say they're about equal proficiency-wise?
Yes, roughly equal.
The earliest securely dated examples available of the Brahmi script date back to the 3rd century BCE, during the time when India was ruled by the Mauryan Empire. These examples were found on a set of royal rock inscriptions spread in North and Central India by the Indian emperor Ashoka (r. 268 BCE to 232 BCE), known as the Edicts of Ashoka or Ashokan Inscriptions. However, some scholars argued that the Brahmi script had originated earlier than the 3rd century BCE (perhaps as early as to the 8th or 7th century BCE, when it may have been introduced to Indian merchants by people of Semitic origin). This claim is based on the composition of a set of texts, the Brahmanas, which were attached to the Vedic literature during the 6th century BCE. The Brahmanas are the only section of the Vedic corpus written mostly in prose, unlike the earlier sections of the Vedas which are hymns for recitation, specially designed for oral transmission. The emergence of prose is hard to imagine without the support of writing technology, thus the 8th or 7th century BCE theory. Further evidence comes from the work of Panini, the renowned ancient Indian grammarian who composed an influential work on grammar analysis of Sanskrit during the 5th or 4th century BCE. It is unlikely that a work like this could have been produced in a preliterate context, thus supporting at least 8th or 7th century BCE theory. But where do some people derive Brahmi going back more than this 8th or 7th century BCE date? What is the basis for pushing the date back to 1500 BCE for Brahmi script, as some have done?
I don't know the basis for that.
Professor, given your brief excursion into Modern Hebrew some years back, did the language strike you as Indo-European in any way? There are some scholars who dispute its Semitic classification, describing it as an "Indo-European language in transparent Hebrew clothing". Does that ring true in any way? This is in reference to the modern 'revived' language specifically.
No, Hebrew did not strike me as IE in any way, shape, or form - it is a clear close cousin of Arabic.
I once read a comment in Narguess Farzad's Modern Persian course where she writes in the preface:
"The learner of basic Persian does not need to worry about learning the rules of basic word formation and can merely learn the common Arabic words that have everyday usage as part of his or her vocabulary. However, in-depth study of the Persian literature and even understanding the subtleties of the common language will not be possible without some knowledge of Arabic."
This comment has always stuck with me and perhaps gone some way to deterring me from studying Persian. Is there truth to Farzad's comment?
I am inclined to agree with that, but please note that he does say "in-depth study of literature."
Narguess is a she by the way :) - SOAS Academic.
@@LaoZhang00 Ahh, thank you for the correction!
Dear Alexander can you suggest resources on the Sumerian language that introduces the learner to cuneiform script like some hieroglyphics primers .
Sorry, not off hand.
As something alike to Hindi and Urdu, I wonder if you (meaning “you” in the mean), can put forth in our mind’s eye something alike in English. Here I try merely to speak with words that were born within the English tongue, without trying to wander too far from the day-to-day ways of speaking.
Contrarily, one can imagine an English where non-grammatical terminology entirely is of Romano-Greek origin. Granted, the grammar terms will still be Germanic, but the content lexemes can certainly be exclusively of Latin, French, or Greek heritage.
Interesting postulations...
@@ProfASAr there are communities who do a much better and more systematic job at it than I do! The famous Anglish community uses Germanic words exclusively (though in my opinion they err too far towards calques of German and Dutch and continental Scandinavian words, as if those represent some “natural vocabulary,” as opposed to a historical accident based on aereal influence. Icelandic and even day-to-day modern English already have plenty of examples of fully Germanic words that don’t have colloquial cognates in the other languages, and I don’t think they should be overwritten (there’s an example! A byspel, as the Anglishers would say, but then it’s not like German and Dutch have the word “Gospel” [gutes Spiel, wenn der Begriff auf Deutsch existierte?]).
On the other hand there are constructed languages like Anglese and Normani that show the opposite scenario.
Quoted from a Reddit thread last year:
Normani?
Whereas Anglish is "I have a lot of love for my kin and I will fight to my death to ward off whatever evildoers may hurt them"
Normani would be "I contain a gratuitous portion of adoration for my family and I am prepared to protect them to my termination in contention with what malicious factors may assault them".
So you speak Hebrew? Please give me some pointers I'm a beginner and I'm loving it but it's so difficult!
No, I do not speak Hebrew, sorry.
This video was wonderful, but let me curious about some details.
How were you able to live in Arabia for 10 years using MSA? I desire to learn MSA a lot, but according to what I've heard, speaking only it will cause people to see you as plain arrogant or , even worse, not understand you at all.How did you manage, Dr. Arguelles？
About Hindustani: does it mean that the vocabulary is the only difference？ Are there no grammar or pronunciation differences relevant enough to hinder understanding？
Also, please, let's keep spreading the word about digitization of this wonderful library of resources around: I fear the attacks of nature upon those precious books. The digitization would be an invaluable humanistic treasure for generations to come.
Hello William. What you were told about Arabic is flat out wrong in my experience working in universities.
@@ProfASAr Yeah the fusha is not maybe comprehensible to some taxi drivers or some workers at the market squares. Most educated people can understand it at least, and due to not speaking/using it daily might use some type of mixed language like MSA mixed with some colloquials.
Thanks for the interesting video.
Does anyone know if Linguaphone ever produced a Persian course? More than one?
Looking at the endpapers of some of my 3rd generation Linguaphone courses, Persian doesn't seem to be featured.
They made one in the 1920's. I have it and it is quite precious to me.
Thank you for your reply. I'd imagine the course is quite hard to come by but I'll keep an eye out for it nonetheless! @@ProfASAr
Which Arabic dialect should I begin with?
MSA (Modern Standard Arabic).
Professor, Coptic is actually being taught as a spoken languages in some institutes. Recently the Polis Institute of Jerusalem has published a method for Coptic based on Total Physical Response : ua-cam.com/video/R8NRPBrpMcg/v-deo.html
The Polis Institute looks to be truly wonderful. I don't know whether Professor Arguelles has ever met Christophe Rico? I have a feeling they would be kindred spirits - especially as regards teaching literacy in Ancient languages to modern students.
Absolutely agree with both of you: I would love if Mr. Rico or others at Polis met the Professor. Moreover, I know that other polyglots such as Luke Ranieri, Steve Kaufman, Luca Lampariello, and the late Moses McCormick (may he rest in peace) all look/looked up to him. Luke for example has spoken very positively about shadowing on his Polymathy channel, Professor.
Good to know, thank you!
What are the hindi graded readers?
I have lots of readers, but they are not the graded types.
So sad the Biblical Hebrew book has been lost…
Stolen more likely than lost - that is, borrowed and never returned.
thx for the cat
Merlin says you are welcome.
Was Russian in your first video?
No, that was the 3rd or 4th one.
ещё очень рекомендую песню ДДТ Родина
??
дДТ - Это российская группа. А Родина - это их песня. Рекомендую к прослушиванию@@ProfASAr
@@utro_s_baptistom_sammersom Теперь я понимаю. Спасибо за рекомендацию!
рекомендую также песню Владимирский централ. Уверен она вам понравится@@ProfASAr
Persian is included in the Arabic section of the video? Persian is not the same as Arabic, not even in the same language family. Seeing this type of mistake here is a little bit ironic ngl.
Have you watched the whole video? This is not about language families, but about cultural circles.
First😊
Yes you are!