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Hypercalcemia - Too Much Calcium, Animation
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- Опубліковано 11 лют 2018
- (USMLE topics) Hypercalcemia: calcium metabolism, hormonal control, etiology, diagnosis, symptoms, treatment, prognosis.
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Voice by: Ashley Ottesen
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The amount of calcium in circulation is MAINLY regulated by 2 hormones: parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitriol. PTH is produced in the parathyroid gland while calcitriol is made in the kidney. When serum calcium level is low, PTH is UP-regulated. PTH acts to PROMOTE calcium release from bones and REDUCE calcium loss from urine. At the same time, it stimulates production of calcitriol, which promotes absorption of calcium in the small intestine while also INcreases RE-absorption in the kidney. Together, they bring UP calcium levels back to normal. The REVERSE happens when calcium level is high. This feedback loop keeps serum calcium concentrations within the normal range.
HYPERcalcemia is generally defined as serum calcium level GREATER than 2.6 mmol/L. Because the total serum calcium includes albumin-bound and free-ionized calcium, of which only the LATTER is physiologically active, calcium levels must be corrected to account for albumin changes. For example, INcreased albumin levels produce HIGHER serum calcium values but the amount of FREE calcium may STILL be normal. On the other hand, in conditions with low blood pH, albumin binds LESS calcium; releasing MORE FREE calcium while the total serum calcium may appear normal.
Most symptoms of hypercalcemia can be attributed to the effect it has on action potential generation in neurons. High levels of extracellular calcium INHIBIT sodium channels, which are essential for DEpolarization. Hypercalcemia therefore REDUCES neuronal excitability, causing confusion, lethargy, muscle weakness and constipation. In most cases, excess calcium in the blood is a direct result of calcium release from bones as they break down, becoming weak and painful. As the kidneys try to get rid of the extra calcium, MORE water is also removed, resulting in dehydration, excessive thirst and kidney stones. Extremely high extracellular calcium may also affect cardiac action potentials, causing arrhythmias. Typical ECG findings include short QT interval, and in severe cases, presence of Osborn waves.
While hypercalcemia may result from a variety of diseases and factors, HYPERparathyroidism and cancers are responsible for about 90% of cases, with the former being by far the most common cause. In HYPERparathyroidism, PTH is OVERproduced due to benign or malignant growths within the parathyroid gland.
An existing cancer elsewhere in the body can cause hypercalcemia in 2 major ways. First, some cancer cells produce a protein similar to PTH, called PTHrP, which acts like PTH to increase serum calcium. Unlike PTH, however, PTHrP is NOT subject to negative feedback; consequently, calcium levels may keep rising unchecked. Second, cancers may spread to bone tissues, causing bone resorption or osteolysis, and subsequent calcium release into the blood.
Hypercalcemia treatment consists of lowering blood calcium levels with a variety of drugs, and addressing the underlying cause. While treatment outcome for hyperparathyroidism is generally excellent, prognosis for malignancy-related hypercalcemia is poor, possibly because it usually occurs in later stages of cancer.
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Excellent video with really clear explanations to a reasonable level of scientific detail, making things very clear to understand. Thank you for a brilliant video which is helpful for many
this is a very well made and explained video, thank you.
really short and informative . thank you
Hyper meaning High
Calc comes from greek word for Calcium
Emia meaning Presence in Blood
High Calcium in blood ☝️
🤣bruh
ight med student chill out
“its just a youtube comment, SD thought”
All the videos are great.looking for a video on Hyper and hypo natremia..
Very nice madam.....i see ur videos verly interstingly ...i request u to make the video based upon the dryness tongue and dryness palte.....i am seeing this case for many patient .....pls make very fast......i pray for this channel to make a brilliant......bye madam
What examination should be done you find the calcification in soft tissue in the body if it's not the first time? Should we have to check PTH?
This channel is awesome 👍😎
Perfect.
Vitamin d overdose se bar bar pisab aa rha kya ye normal aur kab tak thik ho jayega please 🙏🥺 reply
thank you!
Me drinking a gallon of milk a day: Oh I don't think so...
thanks
I’ve Bin Referred 2 a Specialist!.. As, My Second Test!...Revealed Still Higher Than Normal Readings!..How Can U Decrease The Calicum In Yer Blood Thru Natural Methords?...Instead Of Drugs?
Search motivational doc here on you tube.
@@tinathomas3288 whom?
Taking vitamin k will fix the calcium in the bones with vitamin D and maguinesium
Distilled water, spring water, mineral water. avoid bottled water with sodium and calcium in it.
It said the answers at the end of this video
Hyper last Lima. Just tell us how to bring it back to normal thanks
Visit your dr
Magnesium
Water
how can you not mention magnesium deficiency?!
THIS is the biggest issue. A long with supplementing vitamin D. Also deficiency in vitamin K and vitamin E.
Suspect I have this since my supplement seller told me so. My vitamin D level is at 247nml/l and my muscles contract so hard I cannot relax no matter what I do and had to go to the doctor for an injection of muscle relaxers. Still cant relax and the nights are pure torture. I'm quitting my vitamin D for a while and starting on a way lower dose. From 5000IU's a day to 2000. This is HELL. Imagine your muscles contrating so hard you can hardly walk, you have to force the body to go and the pain level is at a 9. I almost faint at times. And yes, my heart "fludders" meaning it beats unevenly, thought it was due to the pain. Even thought I had rheumatism or spondylitis but no..It seems to be this.
5,000iu is not alot for your vitamin D level to be so high.Either your already getting enough with Sun exposer or your having issues with your liver.
Anything I can do to lower my calcium levels? I been at 10.5 for a while but the levels are suppose to be 10.1.
Talk to your Endocrinologist.
@@stephensaines7100 wow you know I forgot I even wrote on here. It went up to 11.2 now. Going to see a doctor in January.
@erickaray1816 what did you find out?
You probably have Hyperparathyroidism. I also have it after my kidney transplant. I am on Cinacalcet. Walking, stretching and other forms of exercise can help. Also less sugar in diet and eating apples. I am also fighting it and searching for other methods to alleviate my calcium level in blood serum.
3 month baby how much calcium need it
so i've been drinking a litter of milk a day everyday for the last month to gain weight. and it absolutely works. my only concern is hypercalcemia because i do pee a lot, and i feel dehydrated a lot of the time.
i don't want to hurt my kidneys or heart health because I'm a very health obsessed person, but i don't wanna lose all the gains i'm making.
does anybody have any recommendations as on how to maintain my health while i still consume a lot of milk?
i heard vitamin K helps, and maybe i should drink more water, anything else?
try to supplementing magnesium and take enough k2 from meats such as salmon,eggs, red meat
Dont drink milk
Limit milk to to one cup and some yogurt . Get calcium from sesame seeds and green leaf vegetables like collar green . Do not over do calcium limit 600 mg a day . Drug company sponsored too high calcium for profit .
Please do some research on drinking milk
Slow down with the milk. I'm going through it my calcium is high. Got me so sick I can't even work out or work my physical labor job. Muscle bone pain and heart fast pvc/pac
CRP,d- dimer test
When I was a kid I suffered from a lack of calcium after having 2 malignant brain tumours. But now I’m back to normal after having to take calcium tablets for a while. And one of them had to be dissolved and tasted horrible too.
My different labs shows different calcium level..9.50 9.08.10.76
Mine 12
@@sikandar0rko631 I am 11.5 Have you reduced your level?
Mashallah
like it
Doctors. Please understand we are not interested in the whole shinagen we only need solutions
This is an informative video. Talk to your doctor, not complain on a video
speak for yourself shirley
Who's this peanut
Bingo..blah blah
O contraire, I want to understand the mechanisms.
translate to Arabic...it will be benefit too much in Arabic
Sorry we dont know Arabic, but if you want, you can translate and submit the subtitle in Arabic for the video. Thank you.
Pravo
wrong information.? First of. HYPERCALCEMIA is low not high. I SUFFER from this. GET facts right before sharing ....
OMG, Hyper = high, hypo= low, in everything! I feel bad for you to get your own condition in reverse. Good luck!
I too have hypercalcemia as told by my doctors. My blood calcium levels were 3.77 which was considered critically high, normal range being 2.1 - 2.6
@@vanpriyacor1374 How are you doing now? I got lab test done and I have high calcium in my blood. I have yet to see my doctor
@@vanpriyacor1374 This can be cured once and for all?
@@Alex-kb4ci Hey! The reason behind my hypercalcemia was detected to be because of hyperparathyroidism which was caused due to a tumor on one my parathyroid glands (located in the throat) I got my tumor removed and now I have my blood calcium in normal range. I would say get your PTH levels checked too, just to rule out the possibility of hyperparathyroidism.