Britain’s DNA: The Culture that Changed Britain Forever… Meet the Bell Beakers
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- Опубліковано 20 жов 2024
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Britain’s DNA: The Culture that Changed Britain Forever… Meet the Bell Beakers
'We found that the skeletal remains of individuals from Britain who lived shortly after this time have a very different DNA profile to those who came before. It seems that there is a large population turnover.' These are the words of Prof Ian Barnes, Research Leader in Ancient DNA at the National History Museum. But what culture and period is he discussing?
Well he is not discussing the Vikings, Anglo-Saxons, Normans or any other later group. He is discussing a culture that existed thousands of years prior to these influences: namely, the Bell Beaker culture. Given how impactful this group was on the genetics of Britain, you could definitely argue that the Bell Beaker period is a forgotten part of our history.
But who were the Bell Beakers, what was their culture like and how profound was their impact on the genetics of Britain? Very quickly, you can support this work by buying me a coffee, top link in the video description below… Thank you and now on with the video.
Now before we move onto discussing the Bell Beaker culture specifically in more detail, an overview of the main population movements into ancient Britain since the last Ice Age will help us understand their position within this. About 11,700 years ago, glaciers that had covered most of Britain and which had essentially made these lands uninhabitable for thousands of year, receded for good. Hunter gatherers then moved in shortly after this. Then about 6,000 years ago, farmers originating from the Mediterranean moved into Britain. Their ancestors had come from modern-day Turkey.
This farming population was probably much larger than that of the hunter-gatherers, and brought new technologies into Britain. Then about 4,400 years ago, a second population of farmers entered Britain, bringing with them distinctive Beaker pottery. These Bell Beakers came over from continental Europe but their ancestors had mostly come from the Eurasian Steppe.
Sources:
National History Museum, The Beaker people: a new population for ancient Britain www.nhm.ac.uk/...
Nature (Olade et al.) The Beaker phenomenon and the genomic transformation of northwest Europe www.nature.com...
Britannica, Beaker folk www.britannica...
Bell Beaker culture en.wikipedia.o...
Barry Cunliffe (2018) The Ancient Celts (Oxford University Press)
Corded Ware culture en.wikipedia.o...
Funnelbeaker culture en.wikipedia.o...
#bellbeakers #ancestry #history
Thanks for watching! Please let me know your thoughts below...
My YDNA (which originates from the Clyde Valley), is of the original inhabitants of the isle: pre-BB, so the fact my strict patrilineal line managed to survive until today has always fascinated me. Thanks for the video.
Yes, Bell Beaker People were the basis for the Proto-Celtic nations.
I've been doing a bit of research on the Beaker folk recently, so thank you for this video. I'm American, but my ancestry is almost entirely British, with a bit of German on my maternal Grandmother's side. It's been an incredibly interesting journey tracing the history back to the Steppe people. Keep up the good work!
Thank you, it's fascinating isn't it
Few points I'd like to make here, not as a criticism;
1. The origin and nature of the BB culture is now generally regarded to have emerged from central Europe, being indo-european.
2. The replacement of the Neolithic farmer population of the UK is an anomaly in Europe, as most of the similar peoples in Europe merged with the Indo-Europeans. BB DNA is actually lower in native French and German people for example.
3. The BB genetic results are probably biased in that elite burials tended to survive and be found more than commoners. Meaning the replacement rates were less than 90%. What we can say with certainty is that the high-status people were overwhelmingly BB.
4. There is growing evidence that the neolithic peoples of Europe suffered a series of disasters in the form of plagues, which may have caused rapid depopulation.
Interested in your 4th point specifically. The evidence of Neolithic plagues. I'd be interested in reading the published scientific papers or journal if they're publicly accessible.
@@iainmc9859 It's all over Wikipedia, try, 'neolithic decline'.
@@iainmc9859 I did provide a link but it seems to have vanished?
Strange neolithic disease that wipes out mostly only the indigenous Islanders male population and spares the females. For that main reason I believe the hypothesis you mentioned at #4 as B.S.
@@tobyplumlee7602 There are other causes for Neolithic female survival. The simplest being that the unions of BellBeaker and Neos had more kids that lived, possibly due to the genes that enable lactose tolerance. Bear in mind that at least 10% of the BBs survived. As for the plague, there is evidence of this in many other regions of Europe. If you posit genocide then cite the physical evidence of this...like mass graves for example.
Great Video. One of my Idols is 80% British TMDWU!
Cheers
I think the bell beaker culture is very interesting unfortunately there is relatively little information publicly available about them.
Ancestry searches say the same thing. people moved west from the steppes and farther east, and from Turkey. lots of Trojan names show up in Welsh and Viking legacies.
What culture or cultures succeeded the Bell Beaker culture - before the arrival of the Celtic cultures? And - would this succession have also involved a new influx of populations - or have only been a transition in material culture?
A culture as ancient as the Bell-Beaker culture must have been speaking a language very close to PIE - wouldn't they have?
Thanks for pursuing this issue of early genetic replacement.
I'm with the proto-Celtic theory here, in terms of DNA, regarding BB people. The rest, for me. is cultural (technology and art) development rather than much migration. Same probably holds true for the Anglo-Saxon incursions except in eastern England where it seems to be a genetic replacement.
Interesting that someone else is edging towards a viral plague theory.
DNA archaeology still hasn't really caught on yet. Maybe because archaeologists still don't basically understand it, the science.
Bell Beaker=Proto-Celts.
Proto Italo-Celtic
Thank you for the lesson. I assume that both the Cored Ware Culture and the Bell Beaker Culture, at some point, co-mingled before they were taken over by the Yamnaya Culture in western Europe ? Did any of the Cored Ware people make it to England ?
@williamcarthcart7994
That’s a good question about to what extent the Corded Ware spread into the U.K., considering they were more of a central, eastern, Northern European group, but they are in Scandinavians. So of course analysis would have to be done on older samples considering the amount Germanic dna in the U.K. Plus the interaction between the BB & CW happened early enough that various degrees of admixture would most likely be in continental Celts and Anglo Saxons that moved into the U.K. during the Iron Age and later.
Also both the CW & BB largely descend from the Yamnaya with some Neolithic Farmer admixture, which the gentleman in the video mentioned about the BB.
I have heard and read some speculation that the CW derived its steppe ancestry from perhaps a very similar line Yamnaya group in the forest north of the Yamnaya, but I don’t now, I think the consensus is CW is predominantly Yamnaya with some NF.
Hope this helps best
Josh:)
Thank you for your time an effort. Your answer makes a lot of sense. What a fantasticating time in history. Thanks again Bill@@joshuaperkins9916
Thanks William. Well the Corded Ware and Bell Beaker cultures more descend from the Yamnaya Culture, but there was a lot of intermingling between the cultures. They are obviously modern names we use so it's not an exact science though. The Bell Beaker culture was probably the major vector spreading Steppe ancestry into England etc.
Thank you Bill@@celtichistorydecoded
@@williamcathcart7994 Thanks Bill
Bruh, 90% of the Europe's population are Bell-Beakers. But I can agree that land which now inhabited by Celts have the most BB influence.
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