Some of those are the same vowels at different lengths, though. The accent in A Á E É actually mean different vowels. The rest are just duplicates, marking how long you're supposed to hold the same sound. The little line above an A changes the /ɑ/ sound into an /a/, while Ö and Ő are both /ə/, or somewhere thereabouts your usual mid central vowel. Ő is just longer. To put it into another context, the difference between I and Í would be somewhat analogues to the difference between "pick" and "peek".
Australian English has a very similar 7+length set, then adding a number of weird diphthongs. The short "ü" only occurs in diphthongs never alone, eg: AÜ "boat", ŐU "curl" & ÜU "fuel".
I really want to hear what a language made entirely of vowels would sound like I'm imagining it would basically just sound like what it's like trying to talk to dentists while they have their fingers in your mouth
There's a whole sentence in Brazilian Portuguese made entirely of vowels (including semivowels too): "ó o auê aí" [ˌɔwaˈwe aˈi]. It roughly means "look at this mess". :)
Kôitsu_ Greetings Estonian! I've got to say that you've got some diphthongs even we don't use, that's how we can tell our languages apart. Btw I was over there a few weeks ago in search of cheap booze, I bet you've encountered this phenomenon before, haven't you?
Anston [Music] oh, yes I have, but personally I don't mind some of our favourite neighbours visiting us, even if it is just for the cheap alcohol. Talking about languages I really like Finnish language very much, it sounds familiar yet strange, I hope I can learn it some day!
Kôitsu_ Good for you! I visited this awesome fast restaurant called Wok to Walk, it was as quick and cheap as Subway but it was very refreshing, too bad we don't have one here.
It's funny, because when I started learning English at school (I'm Brazilian, a Portuguese speaker), the teacher used to write on the board: A -> Ei E -> i I -> Ai O -> Ôu U -> Iu
@@wildstarfish3786 dude you do know that ô is used in portuguese right? IPA doesn't use it, neither does it use capital letters, where in the world did you get the idea that this is IPA???
@@glitchy9613 because of the fact they had to transcribe english letters to letters that sound NOTHING like the sound those letters default to in ANY latin language
FAUX!!! "Saint" is pronunced /sɛ̃/, not /sã/. In fact, the sound /ã/ doesn't really exist in french, it's more like /ɑ̃/, like in "sang" (/sɑ̃/) It depends on the accent/dialect, but it's true in standard french. However, in Quebec, the sound /ɑ̃/ is pronunced more like /ã/. I know it because I'm from there myself. ^^ (NB : /ɛ̃/ is pronunced more like /ĩ/ in Quebec, free information =3)
Mercure250 If I had seen a lot of Chinese names, I'd concur. Even though I'd really be interested in the numbers of people who speak English and Chinese and have access to UA-cam versus those that speak English and French and have access to UA-cam.
+Mercure250 Actually, ɛ̃ has moved to æ̃ or even ã for some speakers. The sound is usually transcribed as ɛ̃ because of tradition. It's like English "ʌ", which is in fact realized as "ɐ" in RP.
Penny Lane You can’t speak Chinese as it is not one language, but rather a group of many related languages. The so-called dialects of Chinese are typically mutually incomprehensible. Cantonese and Mandarin are like English and French to each other. Though I suppose you could describe English as “Insular West Germanic Indo-European” and French as “Northwestern Late Common Italic Indo-European”, thus English and French both speak dialects of Indo-European.
Hey Artifexian, I am not Japanese but I am spending a semester abroad in Tokyo. Your point about length of vowels is spot on; Japanese has long and short vowels. Long vowels such as in 東京 (とうきょう) which is read [to̞ːkjo̞ː] and written Tōkyō. Here the characters う(U) elongates the sound from the character と(TO). The second half of the word (きょう) is composed of き(KI), little ょ (YO), which merges itself with KI to create the KYO sound and う(U), which prolongues the KYO (but is not pronounced as an U). However your example of the word すし(sushi) to explain voiceless vowels is, to my knowledge, unusual. Sushi is usually pronounced SU-SHI with a slight emphasis on the sound SHI. Some examples of voiceless vowels in Japanese: the first [i] in ちかい chikai (near); [i] and [u] in きます kimasu (to come); [u] in ですdesu (to be) is voiceless. Japanese has the little sokuon っ that you might want to touch on a video that explains consonants. It is a very peculiar sound. The way my Japanese teachers taught me was trying to imagine holding your breath for a fraction of a second while saying the word. Great video, as always.
+cogogaRJ Gemination (represented by the sokuon in Japanese) is actually a language feature that creeps up quite frequently, although is not that common in Germanic languages. Finnish is the other major one that most people think of, with all of its double consonants and vowels (ex. muta ≠ muuta ≠ muttaa, tuli ≠ tulli). Other languages that feature consonant gemination include Arabic and Korean.
+cogogaRJ Italian is also a mainstream European language that has geminated consonants: "fatto" (made) is pronounced with a geminated /t/. Actually, Italian can geminate almost all of its consonants, and some of them are only found geminated. There is no simple /sh/ sound, only a geminated one like in "pesce" (fish), and the same goes for /ny/ ("segno" sign) and /ly/ ("figlio" son). The /z/ phoneme as in "rosa" (rose) is the only consonant that can never occur geminated. Sorry for the bad phonetics, I can't type IPA right now.
+Ashtar Balynestry Hmmm, interesting. Correct me if I'm wrong, but aren't those different then the Japanese ones? Here the sukuon doesn't mark a change of pronounciation based on geminated consonants, rather skuon is it's own sound. Listen to the pronounciation of まって (matte), meaning the imperative form of "stop". translate.google.com/#ja/en/%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6 Can you hear the little stop? That's the sokuon. We show it when writing with western characters by using geminated consonants. However it is *not* the same as, for example, in Portuguese "carro" /h/ or "caro" /r/. I think we use geminated consonants when transcribing Japanese because there is no other way of indicating the pause. If I'm wrong, please let me know, I'm only a stundent.
+cogogaRJ No, sokuon is gemination. The thing is that when you geminate a plosive, which is a sound like /p/, /t/, /k/ in which the air is expelled abruptly from the mouth after being blocked, the only way to make it longer is to make the blockage last longer, which would essentially cause you to pause before saying it. Japanese has a syllabic writing system, but its phonotactics aren't quite as strict, so they created ways to get around its limitations. It can't represent nasal vowels, so a hentaigana variant of /mu/ was resurrected to represent them (/n/), and it can't represent consonant clusters, so to write them, you write a syllable beginning with the first consonant, and then a small version of the rest of the syllable (/ki/ + /yo/ = /kyo/). Similarly, since a lot of the words with sokuon are descendants of Middle Chinese words that ended in /t/, (compare Japanese /ichi, hachi/ with Cantonese /yat, baat/, and these numbers develop sokuon when added to a counter, like /issai, hassai/), a small syllable with /t/, that is, /tsu/, was co-opted to represent it. About Portuguese "carro" vs "caro", in Latin you did geminate the /r/ (just make it last longer), but Portuguese speakers eventually turned the geminated sound into a uvular fricative, which is now a separate phoneme. You still write itwith a double r, but it's a totally different sound now.
+iEliteTester greek has a latino slavic accent greek its closer to a latin language but it aint it is hellenic so...complicated with our bros wich have the biggest ship ever to sink on the bottom of aegean sea (britannic) huuuu.....
Razvan Popovici everyone but the english pronounce vowels like this, even chinese people for good sakes, i guess its the bretons that had this conventions, oh wait no, in welsh they do pronounce vowels like normal people, so its the french fault, well, normans
In the french "saint", it is not [ã] (nazalized a) but [ɛ̃] (perceived as a nazalized i). French nazalized vowels are always a problem for foreigners. Especially [œ̃] (nazalized u), except for portuguese and hindi speakers (maybe others too, but I didn't meet them).
+Napishtim Crap! You're right about "saint". Sorry about the mistake. And, yes, I find nasalized vowels very difficult - much more so than clicks, implosives etc - but they do sound awesome.
+Artifexian I use to hear that nasal vowels are a big problem for freigners learning portuguese as well, we use it all the time. It may also be the reason we have so few operas written in portuguese :/ Nasalized vowels are hard to project.
+Rígille Scherrer Borges Menezes I actual know a few opera singers, might ask them about how they deal with nazalisation whilst singing - particularly in French songs.
+Napishtim Yeah, I'm working on a conlang and I decided to get rid of all nazalized vowels for that reason. I still kept the French u [y] though, I hope people don't butcher it up too much considering I also have a [u] sound.
Yeah, and all the other letters are not consonants either. THEY'RE JUST SYMBOLS FOR CONSONANTS! Therefore there are no vowels or consonants in the alphabet.
+Oculus Universale Sort of. I was raised speaking both German and English but my German has deteriorated over the years. At the moment, I am far from fluent but have enough to get by if needed.
In Portuguese (at least the Brazilian variation) all the "vowels" are vowels, though "i" and "u" may be semi vowels depending on use, and theres â, ã, é, ó and õ to confuse spanish people.
na verdade, a gente pode ouvir as deferenças, mas a gente acha que é o sotaque mesmo e não uma distinção necessária. É dizer, não temos as orelhas fechadas kkkkkk. A gente pode diferenciar entre "avó" e "avô", mas para nós, não é algo distivo. Por ejemplo, en México, tenemos 11 vocales, 6 orales y 5 oronasales (no son propiamente nasales). Las 5 oronasales /ã̠/, /ẽ̞/, /ĩ/, /õ̞/, /ũ/. Estas, en otros países son mera casuailidad, y se pronuncian antes de N o M o Ñ, y bueno, no son un factor distintivo como lo es en português, sin embargo, en países como México, Cuba, parte de España o en GE, y otras partes más, sí son factor distintivo, es decir, no decimos "pan", sino "pã", sin embargo, no se reconocen por la RAE ni por nadie jajajjaaj. Aclaro, el português en realidad tiene 5 vocales nasale, 2 semivocales nasales y otras 8-9 orales, y no, no son las mismas que las del español. Segunda aclaración, en español, suelen considerarse alófonos y no fonemas como tal. [mĩ̯ẽn.tras], en este caso, se forma diptongo y ambas se nasalizan, ¿Por qué ustedes no las distinguen?, fácil, porque no son iguales a las del portugués. [miˈẽtɾas] (português) vs. [mĩ̯ẽ̞n.tras], como ves, en español se diptonga, pero en portugués no, segundo, en portugués la vocal es lo suficientemente nasal como para reemplezar a la "n", es decir, no la pronuncian, mientras en que español, no. tɾɐ̃skɾisˈɐ̃w̃ (portugués) vs. tɾãns.kɾip.ˈsjõn. La misma historia. Las 6 orales /a̠/, /e̞/, /i/, /o̞/, /u/, /ə̥/ (aquí vemos a la schwa, y es la que hace que "pesos", "pesas" y "peces" se pronuncien igual en México, es decir: [ˈpe̞sə̥s]). Esto es en México, sin embargo, el repertorio de sonidos vocálicos del andaluz es más grande. 17 vocales: 7 oronasales (casi nasales por completo), y 10 orales. las 7 nasales(a veces oronasales, dependiendo del dialecto del andaluz) /ã̠/, /ẽ̞/, /ĩ/, /õ̞/, /ũ/, /ɛ̃/, /ɔ̃/. Y las 10 orales son /a̠/, /e̞/, /i/, /o̞/, /u/, /ɔ/, /ɛ/, /æ̞/, /ʊ̝/, /ɪ̝/. Sin embargo, no se consideran fonémas, sino alófonos en la mayoría de las ocasiones, aunque las nasales sean distintivas en andaluz como en português o francés, no se les da esa categoría porque habría que meternos en debates y sucedería una revolución fonológica que no queremos ahorita. Mis lenguas maternas son el español y el português, y sí se oyen las diferencias tanto en español, como en portugués.
Judging by the comments, English might actually be the exception when it comes to pronouncing AEIOU as diphtongs. They are apparently all monophtongs in Swedish, Spanish, Portuguese, Norwegian, Danish, German, French, and presumably a couple more.
Scandinavian dialects in general are actually very prone to diphthongisation of the long vowels. Even "standard" Swedish tends to have funky offglides making the long vowels not quite pure, but speakers tend to perceive them as pure, which leads to them being taught as pure, and the result is that learners often have a little bit of an accent that natives who pronounce their vowels like this can't quite place because they don't realise the difference between truly pure monophthongs and the "impure" monophthongs of their own pronunciation. And again, many dialects fully diphthongise (or even triphthongise) the vowels. The short vowels, however, tend to be pure monophthongs basically everywhere. This is probably more prominent in Sweden and Norway than in Denmark. As for Faroese and Icelandic, languages historically descended from Scandinavian dialects of Norway, the process was already going on at the time of their breakoff and both vernaculars today have diphthongs as standard (and dialectal) realisations of most long vowels. Portuguese AFAIK has similar tendencies under a few circumstances as well. Standard Castilian Spanish is indeed the go-to example for pure and unreduced vowels however.
Ava Skoog Thanks for the rather lengthy insight! "Accents" that aren't perceived by the speakers due to not noticing miniscule differences in pronunciation is a huge topic by itself.
I'm really baffled you do not have more subscribers than you do. Your videos are always amazing and they teach me so much stuff in such a short timespan. Keep going at it Edgar!
+AbleToWuppii You know, I just don't think this channel has mass appeal - which is cool. But please do consider sharing my videos, it would help loads with my goal of reaching 10,000 subs. :)
In additional for Vietnamese, I just have counted and Vietnamese has: -12 monophthongs -a lot of combinations (diphthongs, triphthongs) -6 tones Each monophthongs has its own letters, with different tone marks, but sound the same as it names With informal speaking (in different local accents), some tones and monophthongs merge into one due to accent habits Which explained to me why I feel so hard when I started English even though I learned English since Kindergarten because words are different from sounds
+Felix Jin I knew my pronunciation was way off. Just couldn't get my food hole to do the correct thing. Thanks for throwing the IPA in comments. Merry Christmas too you to and a very happy new year.
If there's any language with "quiphthongs", it would probably be Finnish. It can have large numbers of vowels with no consonants to break them up, like in "hääyöaieuutinen" - "plans for wedding night". The represents an IPA /y/.
+rzeka Finnish always cracks me up and that one takes the cake. LOL Counting numbers are another exercise in futility. I find it extremely surprising with all of the Finnish people here in the US that we only have ONE word from Finnish: sauna. BTW, where I grew up, we had so many Finns around we actually regularly celebrated St. Urho's Day with a downtown parade and everything. =_)
Oh hey! This is reminding me of how at the school I go to there are some people with a dialect of English in which all phonetic sounds (both consonants and vowels) are made with the tip tongue in the same location, only moving other parts of the mouth (or very rarely the very back of the tongue), and they have some words with as many as eight vowels without a single consonant (other than maybe a glottal stop)
Thanks a lot Edgar, really. Artifexian became one of the best channels I subscribe, and when I see there's a new video out I just run to watch it. You are healping me so much with my conlang, and I just don't know how to thank you.
In Korean, all of the names of the vowels are the vowel themselves. (All the monophthongs of Korean) ㅏ /ɐ/ ㅓ /ʌ/ ㅗ /o/ ㅜ /u/ ㅡ /ɯ/ ㅣ /i/ ㅐ /ɛ/ ㅔ /e/ ㅚ /ø/ ㅟ /y/
Thanks for this - I argue with friends all the time that letters are not vowels. They are symbols that represent sounds. 'How' and 'House' have the same sound, that is represented alternatively by w and u. in this case, it's considered loosely as a continental sound (which is why we are taught that W is never a vowel in English except in Welso loanwords like cwm and cwtch. ) we see the same sound in 'ciao' (an Italian word borrowed in English) and thus ao is also representing the same continental sounds.
+Victor Houle Yes, have been told about this a number of times. Sorry for the mistake but thanks for pointing it out. Mistakes, when they make it through the filter, need to be identified and corrected ASAP.
That overtone singing was pretty good. Not as good as people who spend their lives devoted to it, obviously, but way better than most people could even come close to.
Ah !.. English, your vowels are so messed up ! By the way, in french is not pronounced /sã/ but /sɛ̃/ (wich is really funny since it is homophonic with (breasts) ! Also the /ã/ exists only in québecois (canadian french and i can guaranty you that french native speakers are able to note the difference) in european and african french it is /ɑ̃/ and in some swiss accents /ɒ̃/.
Japanese is interesting because their vowels always sound the same as the letter, and each vowel is tied to a consonant (and only one consonant is ever free from a vowel) in the order I was taught (and spelled phonetically): "Ahh, Eee. Ooh, Eh, Oh"
So... after looking at the last few videos about all these sounds, I'm starting to get a much better clarification on my early studies of phonology when I gained an interest in what conlanging is. In my little note-jot journal, I've compiled a list of 50 consonants- a lot of them pertaining to the /bw/, /mw/, etc., and a few other distinctions like voiceless nasals, and placement of articulation with 't's and 'd's, being either dental, alveolar, and retroflex. Of course, retroflex 't's and 'd's don't sound much different, but have a nice distinction of tone in them. Other consonants include a lateral variation, for letters like s, z, sh, and zh having lateral counterparts. Going on, a few other distinctions between f's and v's- a variation where it's the top lip connecting to the bottom teeth row. This would be used at the beginning of words most likely. Finally, a distinction between wh and w, r and (rolled) r. I also compiled a total of 14 (or 28, if you want to count length) vowels. 7 of which are normal- a, e, i, o, u, oo as in foot, and i as in bit. The other 7 have creaky variations. I just like messing around with this kind of stuff, and seeing what I can come up with. It's just fun. Nothing tedious or time-consuming yet.
[LAUGHS IN POLISH] Polish is hard to pronounce sometimes, but if you get the hang of it, extremely easy to read. What's written is read. Every letter or combination of letters (sz, dz, dzi, cz) has it's own sound to it and is read this way every time you read it. Also, Polish vowels are read hard, so there is no room for slide and they are vowels in the true way.
I'd just like to say thankyou so much. I found your videos about September last year (I think), and they have helped immensely to develop the language I have been creating for a novel I've been writing for a couple of years. Not just that but I find all your videos really interesting whether I use the information or not 😁
"Some sort of timely fashion." It is the middle of May now and I only see 2 more videos in this playlist. Get on this. I have a family of languages to build and you are the best help I have had since google itself.
This one video was all I needed to see to subscribe to your channel. You have given me in one video more then I have found in my vowel research over the last year. Thanks you are amazing.
But it *is* yellow. Color is just how our brains interpret light. There is no difference between how our brain interprets an equal mixture of green and red dots or the 'yellow' wavelength of light. We don't see wavelengths, we see colors, yellow is always yellow.
I'm late to comment, but in case you still don't know... The RYB colour model is simply an outdated guess at how colour works. RGB is the additive colour model, used for lights (stagelights, tv screens, etc). CYM is the subtractive colour model, used for inks, paints, etc. The 3 kinds of receptors in the eyes pick up wavelengths associated with red, green, and blue respectively. So it's RGB. Technically the eyes don't receive colour of course, the brain somehow produces it based on the combination of receptors that are triggered.
As you have sort of obliquely alluded to, information theory shows that a signal without redundancy would be indistinguishable from noise. And a language that permitted all sounds without any rules would lack that redundancy.
This only applies to English. In Slovak, a, e, i, o, u are all pronounced as written - monophtongs. All also have long versions - á, é, í, ó, ú. Our diphtongs are ia, ie, ô (uo). Also, r is a semivowel in Slovak and Czech.
Revisited this after asking myself: - What if my conlang had the rule (guideline) that stressed syllables use diphthongs, while unstressed syllables using monophthongs? Anyone know a language like that?
In russian, we have one vowel sound having multiple tones and each tone variation is a legit letter: и, ы, й, and ъ which is voiceless and just makes the constants more softer
An old World Languages teacher of mine explained tetraphthongs with classical Greek, one of the few languages with frequent triphthongs and tetraphthongs. For example, take "paean"; the mythological land in Homer's Odyssey called "Aeaea"; and the word "onomatopoeia" (the original Greek pronunciation had all four vowels at the end.)
but I guess she was wrong in some respects because some of those vowel combinations make up more than one syllable, and the whole idea of diphthongs, triphthongs, and tetraphthongs involves mushing together vowel sounds into one syllable.
3:40 Making these sounds in this succession makes the same sound as some people in Malmö, Sweden, pronounce the word "Jag", which means "Me". (not back to /i/)
with your videos, the long-ish waiting times are always rewarded with a high quality product, so first and foremost keep the quality up, rather than increasing the frequency.
+TheJklgamer Cheers! Totally agree, quality over quantity is the way to go. I admire the youtubers that stick to that philosophy: CGP Grey, Kurzgesagt, Veritasium, Vsauce, Veritasium etc.
8 років тому
Estonian is pretty insane with vowels, we have a sentence like : "Äia õe oaõieaia õueaua ööau" -(Nightly honour of the watchdog of the dawn's father-in-law's sister's new bean blossom garden) and "Jäääär - Ice edge.
Though tones are counted as separate from vowel phonemes. Also rounding is not that simple, there are degrees of rounding and type of rounding like compressed and prouted rounding. Swedish rounded vowels are in general odd because they are often over rounded so a slight weak frictation can be heard. Plus our /u/ is very compressed for an example compared to most languages that have a similar vowel. Our long y and u do not have proper symbols in the IPA, our y is similar to IPA /y/ but is more prouted and in slight differing position. This is only the begining of variance. So the standard chart only roughly sketches most vowel positions that are use
Maybe it's cuz I grew up in Jamaica, but I was taught differently in school. I was taught that regardless of their names, 'a' is pronounced like the 'a' in 'apple', 'e' for 'egg', 'i' like the 'i' in 'igloo', 'o' like 'open', and 'u' like the 'u' in 'cute'. The use of the vowels in words like make, meet, mice, off, and under were seen as exceptions to me.
And then there are sonorants that often take the place of vowels since pronunciation can be prolonged just like a vowel, especially m, n, r (as in center or acre), l (as in candle or label), and even continuants like s/z, sh/zh, f/v, and both th sounds.
In Turkish, we have Aa Ee Iı İi Oo Öö Uu Üü. 5 of them are used in the 5 vowel system (Aa, Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu). Iı, Öö and Üü are a result of Turkish's vowel harmony. Iı is backed İi, Öö and Üü are fronted Oo and Uu respectively. and there is an unrounded near-low front vowel, which can be considered an allophobe of e because they never contrast. But it gets confusing (to other people) when a root with Ee gets a suffix (because Turkish only has prefixes in loanwords). Ben (I/me) is pronounced with unrounded near-low front vowel. Benim (my) is pronounced with normal Ee.
I never quite know why I watch your videos as I tend to have little interest in the topics. That is, until I've finished a video and then its all I can think about. Keep up the videos and merry Christmas!
English with it's extreme diphthongisation of all vowels always feels like a really bad lingua franca to transliterate all the nonlatin alphabets through. Always cracks me up how that's even necessary to explain.
"E" isn't a monophthong either, in most dialects. It's actually a diphthong more akin to [ɪi̯] or [ii̯] (the tongue doesn't move much, but you can definitely feel a more glide-like end to it)
in sanskrit the rolled "r" was a vowel because it can go in between two consonants without the need for another vowel. which means s, z, m, n, l, f, and v could all be used as vowels.
I generally distinguish the vowel sounds in boot, bit, bud, bed, bad, beet, bot, bade, hoof as monophthongs. (Yes, I analyze the vowel in bade as /e/, not /ei/ or /eɪ/
😀Teacher - now what did you learn? 😃Me - humans are fat. 😄Teacher - no, not that. 😕Me - uh, humans have fat slugs in they're mouths that help them make annoying noises. 😠Teacher - did you even pay attention to the video? 😋Me - humans are annoying. 😡Teacher - what did you learn about vowels!?!? 😕Me - what's a voulpel some type of math thing? 😾Teacher- get out!
In Hungarian we have:
A,Á,E,É,I,O,Ó,Ö,Ő,U,Ú,Ü and Ű.
And they're all proper vowels.
Not diphtongs?
Some of those are the same vowels at different lengths, though. The accent in A Á E É actually mean different vowels. The rest are just duplicates, marking how long you're supposed to hold the same sound.
The little line above an A changes the /ɑ/ sound into an /a/, while Ö and Ő are both /ə/, or somewhere thereabouts your usual mid central vowel. Ő is just longer.
To put it into another context, the difference between I and Í would be somewhat analogues to the difference between "pick" and "peek".
Australian English has a very similar 7+length set, then adding a number of weird diphthongs. The short "ü" only occurs in diphthongs never alone, eg: AÜ "boat", ŐU "curl" & ÜU "fuel".
@LUCA MORIN Portuguese has A, Ã, À, Á, E, É, Ê, I, Í, O, Õ, Ó, Ô, U, Ú
@@andor888 pretty sure ö is /ø/ and not /ə/
I really want to hear what a language made entirely of vowels would sound like
I'm imagining it would basically just sound like what it's like trying to talk to dentists while they have their fingers in your mouth
how about semivowels
There's a whole sentence in Brazilian Portuguese made entirely of vowels (including semivowels too): "ó o auê aí" [ˌɔwaˈwe aˈi]. It roughly means "look at this mess". :)
In Romanian we have a pretty long sentence with only vowels: "Oaia aia e a ei, eu i-o iau", which means "That sheep is hers, I'm taking it from her".
@@stefantrandafir1099 isn't i in oaia is a consonant /j/
@@siratshi455 umm I don't think so, in Romanian a, e, i, o and u are all vowels (i and u can also be semivowels)
In Spanish, all of the vowels are actually vowel sounds, as far as I know.
Same in german
+Adam Smith And Norwegian
+John Balboa and Danish
+Adam Smith In Portuguese as well.
Adam Smith, saves espanol?
[LAUGHS IN SPANISH]
Gvido
And in most languages that aren’t English
**laughs in Swedish**
*laughs in Italian*
*looks confused in japanese*
*[LAUGHTS IN FEIJOADA]*
*laughs in tijolinho*
Just a Finnish guy passing by, laughing a little.
you are not special one here mate, just your southern neighbour passing by.
Kôitsu_ Greetings Estonian! I've got to say that you've got some diphthongs even we don't use, that's how we can tell our languages apart. Btw I was over there a few weeks ago in search of cheap booze, I bet you've encountered this phenomenon before, haven't you?
Anston [Music] oh, yes I have, but personally I don't mind some of our favourite neighbours visiting us, even if it is just for the cheap alcohol. Talking about languages I really like Finnish language very much, it sounds familiar yet strange, I hope I can learn it some day!
Kôitsu_ Good for you! I visited this awesome fast restaurant called Wok to Walk, it was as quick and cheap as Subway but it was very refreshing, too bad we don't have one here.
+Kôitsu_ That's how estonian sounds to finns (or atleast to me).
Why the fuck did a bowling pin teach me about vowels
It's funny, because when I started learning English at school (I'm Brazilian, a Portuguese speaker), the teacher used to write on the board:
A -> Ei
E -> i
I -> Ai
O -> Ôu
U -> Iu
why that makes no sense why would you know the ipa before latin letters
@@wildstarfish3786 That's 100% not IPA that's portuguese transcription of how the English letters sound
@@glitchy9613 that's 100% not portuguese unless Portuguese doesn't use latin letters
@@wildstarfish3786 dude you do know that ô is used in portuguese right? IPA doesn't use it, neither does it use capital letters, where in the world did you get the idea that this is IPA???
@@glitchy9613 because of the fact they had to transcribe english letters to letters that sound NOTHING like the sound those letters default to in ANY latin language
FAUX!!! "Saint" is pronunced /sɛ̃/, not /sã/.
In fact, the sound /ã/ doesn't really exist in french, it's more like /ɑ̃/, like in "sang" (/sɑ̃/)
It depends on the accent/dialect, but it's true in standard french.
However, in Quebec, the sound /ɑ̃/ is pronunced more like /ã/. I know it because I'm from there myself. ^^
(NB : /ɛ̃/ is pronunced more like /ĩ/ in Quebec, free information =3)
+Mercure250
Yeah, surprisingly many Chinese critics here and few people commenting on the French pronunciation.
Penny Lane Not surprising at all. The are way more chinese people in the world than french people. :')
Mercure250 If I had seen a lot of Chinese names, I'd concur. Even though I'd really be interested in the numbers of people who speak English and Chinese and have access to UA-cam versus those that speak English and French and have access to UA-cam.
+Mercure250 Actually, ɛ̃ has moved to æ̃ or even ã for some speakers. The sound is usually transcribed as ɛ̃ because of tradition. It's like English "ʌ", which is in fact realized as "ɐ" in RP.
Penny Lane
You can’t speak Chinese as it is not one language, but rather a group of many related languages. The so-called dialects of Chinese are typically mutually incomprehensible. Cantonese and Mandarin are like English and French to each other. Though I suppose you could describe English as “Insular West Germanic Indo-European” and French as “Northwestern Late Common Italic Indo-European”, thus English and French both speak dialects of Indo-European.
Q: "is there such a thing as quipthongs?"
A: "away"
/əˈweɪ/
I don't see it being a quipthong.
i checked with an ipa and i think i say it like ɐuei
which is four vowels
@@Mabeloid
so you say apart and about as abaut and apart? theres also canadian ebuut
Hey Artifexian,
I am not Japanese but I am spending a semester abroad in Tokyo. Your point about length of vowels is spot on; Japanese has long and short vowels. Long vowels such as in 東京 (とうきょう) which is read [to̞ːkjo̞ː] and written Tōkyō. Here the characters う(U) elongates the sound from the character と(TO). The second half of the word (きょう) is composed of き(KI), little ょ (YO), which merges itself with KI to create the KYO sound and う(U), which prolongues the KYO (but is not pronounced as an U).
However your example of the word すし(sushi) to explain voiceless vowels is, to my knowledge, unusual. Sushi is usually pronounced SU-SHI with a slight emphasis on the sound SHI. Some examples of voiceless vowels in Japanese: the first [i] in ちかい chikai (near); [i] and [u] in きます kimasu (to come); [u] in ですdesu (to be) is voiceless.
Japanese has the little sokuon っ that you might want to touch on a video that explains consonants. It is a very peculiar sound. The way my Japanese teachers taught me was trying to imagine holding your breath for a fraction of a second while saying the word.
Great video, as always.
+cogogaRJ Gemination (represented by the sokuon in Japanese) is actually a language feature that creeps up quite frequently, although is not that common in Germanic languages. Finnish is the other major one that most people think of, with all of its double consonants and vowels (ex. muta ≠ muuta ≠ muttaa, tuli ≠ tulli). Other languages that feature consonant gemination include Arabic and Korean.
+ArchKDE I did not know that the name of it was gemination. Thanks, very interesting indeed.
+cogogaRJ Italian is also a mainstream European language that has geminated consonants: "fatto" (made) is pronounced with a geminated /t/. Actually, Italian can geminate almost all of its consonants, and some of them are only found geminated. There is no simple /sh/ sound, only a geminated one like in "pesce" (fish), and the same goes for /ny/ ("segno" sign) and /ly/ ("figlio" son). The /z/ phoneme as in "rosa" (rose) is the only consonant that can never occur geminated.
Sorry for the bad phonetics, I can't type IPA right now.
+Ashtar Balynestry Hmmm, interesting. Correct me if I'm wrong, but aren't those different then the Japanese ones? Here the sukuon doesn't mark a change of pronounciation based on geminated consonants, rather skuon is it's own sound. Listen to the pronounciation of まって (matte), meaning the imperative form of "stop". translate.google.com/#ja/en/%E3%81%BE%E3%81%A3%E3%81%A6
Can you hear the little stop? That's the sokuon. We show it when writing with western characters by using geminated consonants. However it is *not* the same as, for example, in Portuguese "carro" /h/ or "caro" /r/. I think we use geminated consonants when transcribing Japanese because there is no other way of indicating the pause.
If I'm wrong, please let me know, I'm only a stundent.
+cogogaRJ No, sokuon is gemination. The thing is that when you geminate a plosive, which is a sound like /p/, /t/, /k/ in which the air is expelled abruptly from the mouth after being blocked, the only way to make it longer is to make the blockage last longer, which would essentially cause you to pause before saying it.
Japanese has a syllabic writing system, but its phonotactics aren't quite as strict, so they created ways to get around its limitations. It can't represent nasal vowels, so a hentaigana variant of /mu/ was resurrected to represent them (/n/), and it can't represent consonant clusters, so to write them, you write a syllable beginning with the first consonant, and then a small version of the rest of the syllable (/ki/ + /yo/ = /kyo/). Similarly, since a lot of the words with sokuon are descendants of Middle Chinese words that ended in /t/, (compare Japanese /ichi, hachi/ with Cantonese /yat, baat/, and these numbers develop sokuon when added to a counter, like /issai, hassai/), a small syllable with /t/, that is, /tsu/, was co-opted to represent it.
About Portuguese "carro" vs "caro", in Latin you did geminate the /r/ (just make it last longer), but Portuguese speakers eventually turned the geminated sound into a uvular fricative, which is now a separate phoneme. You still write itwith a double r, but it's a totally different sound now.
In German, all of them happen to be vowels.
in spanish, italian, french and portuguese too
+Paramone Gaming Greek too, English is weird
+iEliteTester greek has a latino slavic accent greek its closer to a latin language but it aint it is hellenic so...complicated with our bros wich have the biggest ship ever to sink on the bottom of aegean sea (britannic) huuuu.....
Razvan Popovici everyone but the english pronounce vowels like this, even chinese people for good sakes, i guess its the bretons that had this conventions, oh wait no, in welsh they do pronounce vowels like normal people, so its the french fault, well, normans
+Paramone Gaming french are more faulty then gypsyes
In the french "saint", it is not [ã] (nazalized a) but [ɛ̃] (perceived as a nazalized i).
French nazalized vowels are always a problem for foreigners. Especially [œ̃] (nazalized u), except for portuguese and hindi speakers (maybe others too, but I didn't meet them).
+Napishtim Crap! You're right about "saint". Sorry about the mistake. And, yes, I find nasalized vowels very difficult - much more so than clicks, implosives etc - but they do sound awesome.
+Artifexian I use to hear that nasal vowels are a big problem for freigners learning portuguese as well, we use it all the time. It may also be the reason we have so few operas written in portuguese :/
Nasalized vowels are hard to project.
+Rígille Scherrer Borges Menezes I actual know a few opera singers, might ask them about how they deal with nazalisation whilst singing - particularly in French songs.
+Artifexian It's very nice on your part
+Napishtim Yeah, I'm working on a conlang and I decided to get rid of all nazalized vowels for that reason. I still kept the French u [y] though, I hope people don't butcher it up too much considering I also have a [u] sound.
This is what I thought. A, E, I, O, and U are not vowels. THEY'RE JUST SYMBOLS FOR VOWELS!
+Jacob Scholte Script ≠ sound.
Yeah, and all the other letters are not consonants either. THEY'RE JUST SYMBOLS FOR CONSONANTS! Therefore there are no vowels or consonants in the alphabet.
@@Artifexian N word ≠ Love
I'm not saying that your chinese pronunciation is really bad... but your chinese pronunciation is really bad. Sorry.
+Oculus Universale Haha. I'm totally with you there. I gave it my best shot but those tones...they're tricky at best.
Artifexian True. Chinese is hard for non-native speakers. But are you Bilingual?
+Oculus Universale Sort of. I was raised speaking both German and English but my German has deteriorated over the years. At the moment, I am far from fluent but have enough to get by if needed.
Your tones are okay, but you're pronouncing the retroflex consonants as postvelar consonants.
*postalveolar
In Portuguese (at least the Brazilian variation) all the "vowels" are vowels, though "i" and "u" may be semi vowels depending on use, and theres â, ã, é, ó and õ to confuse spanish people.
na verdade, a gente pode ouvir as deferenças, mas a gente acha que é o sotaque mesmo e não uma distinção necessária. É dizer, não temos as orelhas fechadas kkkkkk.
A gente pode diferenciar entre "avó" e "avô", mas para nós, não é algo distivo.
Por ejemplo, en México, tenemos 11 vocales, 6 orales y 5 oronasales (no son propiamente nasales).
Las 5 oronasales /ã̠/, /ẽ̞/, /ĩ/, /õ̞/, /ũ/.
Estas, en otros países son mera casuailidad, y se pronuncian antes de N o M o Ñ, y bueno, no son un factor distintivo como lo es en português, sin embargo, en países como México, Cuba, parte de España o en GE, y otras partes más, sí son factor distintivo, es decir, no decimos "pan", sino "pã", sin embargo, no se reconocen por la RAE ni por nadie jajajjaaj. Aclaro, el português en realidad tiene 5 vocales nasale, 2 semivocales nasales y otras 8-9 orales, y no, no son las mismas que las del español.
Segunda aclaración, en español, suelen considerarse alófonos y no fonemas como tal.
[mĩ̯ẽn.tras], en este caso, se forma diptongo y ambas se nasalizan, ¿Por qué ustedes no las distinguen?, fácil, porque no son iguales a las del portugués.
[miˈẽtɾas] (português) vs. [mĩ̯ẽ̞n.tras], como ves, en español se diptonga, pero en portugués no, segundo, en portugués la vocal es lo suficientemente nasal como para reemplezar a la "n", es decir, no la pronuncian, mientras en que español, no.
tɾɐ̃skɾisˈɐ̃w̃ (portugués) vs. tɾãns.kɾip.ˈsjõn.
La misma historia.
Las 6 orales /a̠/, /e̞/, /i/, /o̞/, /u/, /ə̥/ (aquí vemos a la schwa, y es la que hace que "pesos", "pesas" y "peces" se pronuncien igual en México, es decir: [ˈpe̞sə̥s]).
Esto es en México, sin embargo, el repertorio de sonidos vocálicos del andaluz es más grande.
17 vocales: 7 oronasales (casi nasales por completo), y 10 orales.
las 7 nasales(a veces oronasales, dependiendo del dialecto del andaluz) /ã̠/, /ẽ̞/, /ĩ/, /õ̞/, /ũ/, /ɛ̃/, /ɔ̃/.
Y las 10 orales son /a̠/, /e̞/, /i/, /o̞/, /u/, /ɔ/, /ɛ/, /æ̞/, /ʊ̝/, /ɪ̝/.
Sin embargo, no se consideran fonémas, sino alófonos en la mayoría de las ocasiones, aunque las nasales sean distintivas en andaluz como en português o francés, no se les da esa categoría porque habría que meternos en debates y sucedería una revolución fonológica que no queremos ahorita.
Mis lenguas maternas son el español y el português, y sí se oyen las diferencias tanto en español, como en portugués.
5:02 he deadass became mongolian
Judging by the comments, English might actually be the exception when it comes to pronouncing AEIOU as diphtongs.
They are apparently all monophtongs in Swedish, Spanish, Portuguese, Norwegian, Danish, German, French, and presumably a couple more.
Scandinavian dialects in general are actually very prone to diphthongisation of the long vowels.
Even "standard" Swedish tends to have funky offglides making the long vowels not quite pure, but speakers tend to perceive them as pure, which leads to them being taught as pure, and the result is that learners often have a little bit of an accent that natives who pronounce their vowels like this can't quite place because they don't realise the difference between truly pure monophthongs and the "impure" monophthongs of their own pronunciation.
And again, many dialects fully diphthongise (or even triphthongise) the vowels. The short vowels, however, tend to be pure monophthongs basically everywhere.
This is probably more prominent in Sweden and Norway than in Denmark. As for Faroese and Icelandic, languages historically descended from Scandinavian dialects of Norway, the process was already going on at the time of their breakoff and both vernaculars today have diphthongs as standard (and dialectal) realisations of most long vowels.
Portuguese AFAIK has similar tendencies under a few circumstances as well. Standard Castilian Spanish is indeed the go-to example for pure and unreduced vowels however.
Ava Skoog Thanks for the rather lengthy insight!
"Accents" that aren't perceived by the speakers due to not noticing miniscule differences in pronunciation is a huge topic by itself.
I think the vast majority of languages have vowels that are named the same way they are pronounced
rzeka
If you think about it, it's weird that a vowel would _not_ simply be pronounced the way it sounds to begin with.
INCORECT!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
I very much enjoyed going "eeeeee uuuu eeeee uuu ooooo ahhhh oooooo ahhh" throughout this video, so thanks for that Artifexian.
I'm really baffled you do not have more subscribers than you do.
Your videos are always amazing and they teach me so much stuff in such a short timespan.
Keep going at it Edgar!
+AbleToWuppii You know, I just don't think this channel has mass appeal - which is cool. But please do consider sharing my videos, it would help loads with my goal of reaching 10,000 subs. :)
Quality not quantity :)
+Guðni Rúnar Jónasson The Kurzgesagt method of video making.
ua-cam.com/users/Kurzgesagt
I've used your videos before for school projects and recommended people to pay your channel a visit.
+AbleToWuppii Super! You are awesome :)
In additional for Vietnamese, I just have counted and Vietnamese has:
-12 monophthongs
-a lot of combinations (diphthongs, triphthongs)
-6 tones
Each monophthongs has its own letters, with different tone marks, but sound the same as it names
With informal speaking (in different local accents), some tones and monophthongs merge into one due to accent habits
Which explained to me why I feel so hard when I started English even though I learned English since Kindergarten because words are different from sounds
In Mandarin, "shi" is pronounced more like [ʂɨɻ]. Great video btw. Merry christmas!
+Felix Jin I knew my pronunciation was way off. Just couldn't get my food hole to do the correct thing. Thanks for throwing the IPA in comments. Merry Christmas too you to and a very happy new year.
^ i thought my screen was dirty at first when i read OPs comment ahahah
Same for "Zhi". I am not usually one to correct people on this, but this is a video about vowels :)
If there's any language with "quiphthongs", it would probably be Finnish. It can have large numbers of vowels with no consonants to break them up, like in "hääyöaieuutinen" - "plans for wedding night". The represents an IPA /y/.
+rzeka Finnish always cracks me up and that one takes the cake. LOL Counting numbers are another exercise in futility. I find it extremely surprising with all of the Finnish people here in the US that we only have ONE word from Finnish: sauna. BTW, where I grew up, we had so many Finns around we actually regularly celebrated St. Urho's Day with a downtown parade and everything. =_)
Oh hey! This is reminding me of how at the school I go to there are some people with a dialect of English in which all phonetic sounds (both consonants and vowels) are made with the tip tongue in the same location, only moving other parts of the mouth (or very rarely the very back of the tongue), and they have some words with as many as eight vowels without a single consonant (other than maybe a glottal stop)
Thanks a lot Edgar, really. Artifexian became one of the best channels I subscribe, and when I see there's a new video out I just run to watch it. You are healping me so much with my conlang, and I just don't know how to thank you.
In Korean, all of the names of the vowels are the vowel themselves.
(All the monophthongs of Korean)
ㅏ /ɐ/
ㅓ /ʌ/
ㅗ /o/
ㅜ /u/
ㅡ /ɯ/
ㅣ /i/
ㅐ /ɛ/
ㅔ /e/
ㅚ /ø/
ㅟ /y/
+Jihoon Kim I wonder is English one of the few major languages that "misrepresents" it's vowels?
Thanks for this - I argue with friends all the time that letters are not vowels. They are symbols that represent sounds.
'How' and 'House' have the same sound, that is represented alternatively by w and u. in this case, it's considered loosely as a continental sound (which is why we are taught that W is never a vowel in English except in Welso loanwords like cwm and cwtch. ) we see the same sound in 'ciao' (an Italian word borrowed in English) and thus ao is also representing the same continental sounds.
Saint is pronounced with a nasal /ε/ not /a/.
depends on dialect
+Victor Houle Yes, have been told about this a number of times. Sorry for the mistake but thanks for pointing it out. Mistakes, when they make it through the filter, need to be identified and corrected ASAP.
Noam Tashma I'd be interested in knowing what sort of dialect articulates «ain» that way.
London/Cockney would be one.
É: the presenter was referring to the FRENCH word "saint", i.e. /sɛ̃/ !
Linguists: There are only 5 basic vowels, all other vowels are combinations of these vowels or these vowels with different tones.
Serbs:
mini francis That claim isn't even really correct
Very interesting talk on vowels!! I'll be sure to save this in my list of reference material c:
+Nikolaj Lepka This is why I make these videos. Thanks for watching m'man.
Artifexian good to know you got our backs
That overtone singing was pretty good. Not as good as people who spend their lives devoted to it, obviously, but way better than most people could even come close to.
Ah !.. English, your vowels are so messed up !
By the way, in french is not pronounced /sã/ but /sɛ̃/ (wich is really funny since it is homophonic with (breasts) ! Also the /ã/ exists only in québecois (canadian french and i can guaranty you that french native speakers are able to note the difference) in european and african french it is /ɑ̃/ and in some swiss accents /ɒ̃/.
+tonio103683 also i saw and know that many viewers have already told you, but i wanted to expose a litlle about the differences in the dialects)
+tonio103683 Cool! Much appreciated. The more info the better.
i would say saint as /sɛ̃ẽ̆nʔ/ and seins as /sɛ̃ẽ̆nd͡z/
Japanese is interesting because their vowels always sound the same as the letter, and each vowel is tied to a consonant (and only one consonant is ever free from a vowel)
in the order I was taught (and spelled phonetically): "Ahh, Eee. Ooh, Eh, Oh"
+Ari Schwartz It's a very elegant system. Big fan of CV.
Good old open syllable syllabary, tho n is close syllable descended from mu
your videos are soooo good, you deserve so much more subs for all the work you put into your vids. keep it up :D
6:14 that would be Moloko with just 1-2 vowels, and some say that Ubykh could also have 3 vowels
So... after looking at the last few videos about all these sounds, I'm starting to get a much better clarification on my early studies of phonology when I gained an interest in what conlanging is.
In my little note-jot journal, I've compiled a list of 50 consonants- a lot of them pertaining to the /bw/, /mw/, etc., and a few other distinctions like voiceless nasals, and placement of articulation with 't's and 'd's, being either dental, alveolar, and retroflex. Of course, retroflex 't's and 'd's don't sound much different, but have a nice distinction of tone in them. Other consonants include a lateral variation, for letters like s, z, sh, and zh having lateral counterparts. Going on, a few other distinctions between f's and v's- a variation where it's the top lip connecting to the bottom teeth row. This would be used at the beginning of words most likely. Finally, a distinction between wh and w, r and (rolled) r.
I also compiled a total of 14 (or 28, if you want to count length) vowels. 7 of which are normal- a, e, i, o, u, oo as in foot, and i as in bit. The other 7 have creaky variations.
I just like messing around with this kind of stuff, and seeing what I can come up with. It's just fun. Nothing tedious or time-consuming yet.
noooo keep doing IPA videos! I'm learning so much! This video actually helps me a lot with my French pronunciation.
+William Andrea Don't worry the IPA will feature in the future but it won't be the main focus. I got language to construct :)
[LAUGHS IN POLISH]
Polish is hard to pronounce sometimes, but if you get the hang of it, extremely easy to read. What's written is read. Every letter or combination of letters (sz, dz, dzi, cz) has it's own sound to it and is read this way every time you read it. Also, Polish vowels are read hard, so there is no room for slide and they are vowels in the true way.
The Thu'um is strong with this lad, indeed.
May the fus ro dah be with you.
Your videos are always such a pleasure to watch! Happy Christmas! :)
+Xavier Jones Cheers, buddy. Happy Christmas to you too, thanks so much for watching. Really means a lot. :)
Your videos are so good and detailed... How the heck do you not have way more subscribers? Keep it up!
6:14 that would be Moloko, with just 1-2 vowels, while some say that Ubykh could even have 3
So how frontal and high are the i's of the Knights of Ni?
+TheOneManGeekArmy Probably very much so, it seems. :D
done properly, your tongue hits the back of your teeth. It's even in front of the IPA version.
you mean the ees right?
@@wildstarfish3786 potato potato
@@Toost914 no? unless you mean /i/s which are different from regular is
I'd just like to say thankyou so much. I found your videos about September last year (I think), and they have helped immensely to develop the language I have been creating for a novel I've been writing for a couple of years. Not just that but I find all your videos really interesting whether I use the information or not 😁
"Some sort of timely fashion." It is the middle of May now and I only see 2 more videos in this playlist. Get on this. I have a family of languages to build and you are the best help I have had since google itself.
Why is the vowel diphthong represented with the letter a written with ipa as /e ɪ/ and not /ei/? It sounds like it ends with the sound i and not ɪ.
It does end with an [ɪ] sound, it's just very hard to hear without slow pronunciation.
the thumbnail confused me a bit because i thought of the SHORT vowel sounds and not the LONG vowel sounds
That gentleman appears to be treating his aunt’s hemorrhoids without his hands...
This one video was all I needed to see to subscribe to your channel. You have given me in one video more then I have found in my vowel research over the last year. Thanks you are amazing.
John Madden! Football!
Seriously. That's pretty damn good overtone singing for someone who wasn't brought up with it.
Awesome job mate!
+Drop Bear Cheers and can I just say your thumbnail is epic!
Dude your overtone singing sounded really good to me haha. I thought you were gonna say you were joking and it was actually someone else haha.
But it *is* yellow. Color is just how our brains interpret light. There is no difference between how our brain interprets an equal mixture of green and red dots or the 'yellow' wavelength of light. We don't see wavelengths, we see colors, yellow is always yellow.
+IGameChangerI Yes, but there's interesting complexity behind the yellow facade. Just like theres interesting complexity behind A,E, I, O and U.
On top of this, nobody can tell me for sure which colour receptors actually are in our eyes: some say ryb, others rgb, yet others cym..?
Artifexian Mostly semantics though, although I guess that that is your point after all.
I'm late to comment, but in case you still don't know...
The RYB colour model is simply an outdated guess at how colour works.
RGB is the additive colour model, used for lights (stagelights, tv screens, etc).
CYM is the subtractive colour model, used for inks, paints, etc.
The 3 kinds of receptors in the eyes pick up wavelengths associated with red, green, and blue respectively.
So it's RGB.
Technically the eyes don't receive colour of course, the brain somehow produces it based on the combination of receptors that are triggered.
*Laughs in Swedish where the vowels actually are vowels*
As you have sort of obliquely alluded to, information theory shows that a signal without redundancy would be indistinguishable from noise. And a language that permitted all sounds without any rules would lack that redundancy.
This was the first video of Artifexian's that I ever watched, quite a while ago, but certainly not the last. Keep on making videos!
I've been trying to explain this to people for ever
In Brazilian Portuguese we heve 8 vowels(+ the nasals is 12)
/a/ɐ/e/ɛ/i/o/ɔ/u (nasals ɐ̃/ẽ/õ/ũ/ĩ)
This only applies to English. In Slovak, a, e, i, o, u are all pronounced as written - monophtongs. All also have long versions - á, é, í, ó, ú. Our diphtongs are ia, ie, ô (uo). Also, r is a semivowel in Slovak and Czech.
Revisited this after asking myself:
- What if my conlang had the rule (guideline) that stressed syllables use diphthongs, while unstressed syllables using monophthongs?
Anyone know a language like that?
In russian, we have one vowel sound having multiple tones and each tone variation is a legit letter: и, ы, й, and ъ which is voiceless and just makes the constants more softer
Чо
The Bosnian:"Gore gore,gore gore." translates to:Up there mountains are burning worse
An old World Languages teacher of mine explained tetraphthongs with classical Greek, one of the few languages with frequent triphthongs and tetraphthongs. For example, take "paean"; the mythological land in Homer's Odyssey called "Aeaea"; and the word "onomatopoeia" (the original Greek pronunciation had all four vowels at the end.)
but I guess she was wrong in some respects because some of those vowel combinations make up more than one syllable, and the whole idea of diphthongs, triphthongs, and tetraphthongs involves mushing together vowel sounds into one syllable.
Ok but. The letters for “vowels” when combined in a certain order, give most combinations of sounds, so the letter to sound thing works, right?
3:40 Making these sounds in this succession makes the same sound as some people in Malmö, Sweden, pronounce the word "Jag", which means "Me". (not back to /i/)
with your videos, the long-ish waiting times are always rewarded with a high quality product, so first and foremost keep the quality up, rather than increasing the frequency.
+TheJklgamer Cheers! Totally agree, quality over quantity is the way to go. I admire the youtubers that stick to that philosophy: CGP Grey, Kurzgesagt, Veritasium, Vsauce, Veritasium etc.
Estonian is pretty insane with vowels, we have a sentence like : "Äia õe oaõieaia õueaua ööau" -(Nightly honour of the watchdog of the dawn's father-in-law's sister's new bean blossom garden)
and "Jäääär - Ice edge.
Though tones are counted as separate from vowel phonemes.
Also rounding is not that simple, there are degrees of rounding and type of rounding like compressed and prouted rounding.
Swedish rounded vowels are in general odd because they are often over rounded so a slight weak frictation can be heard.
Plus our /u/ is very compressed for an example compared to most languages that have a similar vowel. Our long y and u do not have proper symbols in the IPA, our y is similar to IPA /y/ but is more prouted and in slight differing position.
This is only the begining of variance.
So the standard chart only roughly sketches most vowel positions that are use
Whoever disliked this is on a quest to dislike all UA-cam videos ever or just has no life.
Q: What sound does the ambulance make?
A: 3:21
You mentioned vowel length. How do they distinguish with songs that sing long notes?
Maybe it's cuz I grew up in Jamaica, but I was taught differently in school.
I was taught that regardless of their names, 'a' is pronounced like the 'a' in 'apple', 'e' for 'egg', 'i' like the 'i' in 'igloo', 'o' like 'open', and 'u' like the 'u' in 'cute'.
The use of the vowels in words like make, meet, mice, off, and under were seen as exceptions to me.
And then there are sonorants that often take the place of vowels since pronunciation can be prolonged just like a vowel, especially m, n, r (as in center or acre), l (as in candle or label), and even continuants like s/z, sh/zh, f/v, and both th sounds.
Sephtong in Finnish: hääyöaie = wedding night intention
In Brazilian Portuguese, "hey, what's up?" = "oi, e aí?"
Pronounced quickly it sounds like "oieai".
Always thought it was cute.
In Turkish, we have Aa Ee Iı İi Oo Öö Uu Üü. 5 of them are used in the 5 vowel system (Aa, Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu). Iı, Öö and Üü are a result of Turkish's vowel harmony. Iı is backed İi, Öö and Üü are fronted Oo and Uu respectively. and there is an unrounded near-low front vowel, which can be considered an allophobe of e because they never contrast. But it gets confusing (to other people) when a root with Ee gets a suffix (because Turkish only has prefixes in loanwords).
Ben (I/me) is pronounced with unrounded near-low front vowel.
Benim (my) is pronounced with normal Ee.
I never quite know why I watch your videos as I tend to have little interest in the topics. That is, until I've finished a video and then its all I can think about. Keep up the videos and merry Christmas!
+BlueHat Haha...great comment. Merry Christmas to you too, BlueHat.
The Arrernte language of central Australia also has only two contrasting vowel phonemes.
Australian English does have length distinctions: bid/beard, bed/bared, Manning/manning, cut/cart... all short/long pairs of identical quality.
So many good time stamps in this video
7:18 - when you successfully deconstruct the classification of human sounds
I cam here expecting a technicality prank, instead I got ahead ache and my eyes opened
AEIOU was the Pufferfish eating carrot last words
i can make creaky version of every letter except h . h sounds like e then ch
AEIOU huh. I think someone might just be a Habsburg...
English with it's extreme diphthongisation of all vowels always feels like a really bad lingua franca to transliterate all the nonlatin alphabets through. Always cracks me up how that's even necessary to explain.
Slovian has А Е О У И Я
Я=Ash
"E" isn't a monophthong either, in most dialects. It's actually a diphthong more akin to [ɪi̯] or [ii̯] (the tongue doesn't move much, but you can definitely feel a more glide-like end to it)
in sanskrit the rolled "r" was a vowel because it can go in between two consonants without the need for another vowel. which means s, z, m, n, l, f, and v could all be used as vowels.
125 tones*
3 lengths*
2 nasalisations*
3 lengths*
28 vowels=
63,000 DISTINCT VOWEL SOUNDS.
That's a bold fuckin claim mister lol
Just came across this. fascinating. and I just wanted to say I love the Blob Ross illustration
In our language we read the letters as they are written. e is read as /e/. a is read as /a/. Unlike english.
I generally distinguish the vowel sounds in boot, bit, bud, bed, bad, beet, bot, bade, hoof as monophthongs. (Yes, I analyze the vowel in bade as /e/, not /ei/ or /eɪ/
This gave me flashbacks to being in linguistics class.
Where was the difference between the a in trap and the one in bath?
In Danish all vowels are monophthong, but the letter "Y" is also a vowel, and we have also the 3 extra vowels æ, ø, å
*Laughs in Finnish*
😀Teacher - now what did you learn?
😃Me - humans are fat.
😄Teacher - no, not that.
😕Me - uh, humans have fat slugs in they're mouths that help them make annoying noises.
😠Teacher - did you even pay attention to the video?
😋Me - humans are annoying.
😡Teacher - what did you learn about vowels!?!?
😕Me - what's a voulpel some type of math thing?
😾Teacher- get out!
Those are the names of those letters, we don't say doubleu when we pronounce w, or pronounce y as why
This was so unexpected that my brain cells evaporated before my eyes could even look at this 😆