The Recent Megaeruptions in Tenerife; Teide's Caldera Forming Eruptions
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- Опубліковано 25 чер 2024
- Imagine 35 Mount Saint Helens volcanoes right next to each other explosively erupting like witnessed in 1980. Although difficult to imagine, this portrays the massive scale of an explosive eruption which occurred at the Teide volcano on the island of Tenerife approximately 183,500 years ago. This video discusses that eruption, and the complex that is the Mount Teide volcano.
This video's thumbnail image displays what the most recent VEI 6 eruption of the Teide volcano may have looked like.
Note: The information on the eruption size, volcanic explosivity index (VEI), and age of Teide's last caldera forming eruption along with the size of the 1980 eruption of Mount Saint Helens in this video's description and a line of text above about the video's thumbnail image was sourced from the LaMEVE database: British Geological Survey © UKRI, www2.bgs.ac.uk/vogripa/view/c..., Used with Permission
Thumbnail Photo Credit: Frame grab/screenshot from a video (which was filmed by U.S. Geological Survey scientist Don Swanson), (Produced by Liz Westby, Geologist, USGS Cascades Volcano Observatory), U.S. Geological Survey, Cascades Volcano Observatory, Public Domain, www.usgs.gov/media/videos/mou.... The relevant frame grab/screenshot from the original video was also cropped. The font used in this video's thumbnail image, GeologyHub logo, and the orange border overlay are NOT in the public domain and were overlayed onto a U.S. Geological Survey image. Only the original source video is labeled as being in the public domain.
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Sources/Citations:
[1] LaMEVE database, British Geological Survey © UKRI, www2.bgs.ac.uk/vogripa/view/c..., Used with Permission
[2] Hunt, J.E., Cassidy, M. & Talling, P.J. Multi-stage volcanic island flank collapses with coeval explosive caldera-forming eruptions. Sci Rep 8, 1146 (2018). doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-19..., CC BY 4.0
[3] U.S. Geological Survey
[4] Newhall, C. G., and Self, S. (1982), The volcanic explosivity index (VEI) an estimate of explosive magnitude for historical volcanism, J. Geophys. Res., 87(C2), 1231-1238, doi:10.1029/JC087iC02p01231. Accessed / Read by / geologyhub on Oct 5th, 2022. (Source of the VEI scale and methodology)
0:00 Teide Volcano
0:48 Crater Lake
3:02 A Caldera Forming Eruption
4:04 Smaller Future Eruptions, For Now
4:36 Conclusion
I appreciate you doing this. I'm from Tenerife and I've been waiting a long time for someone to make a video on this topic.
Me and my daughter are coming to tenerife in may.
@@Auntypsychotic12 Well, you will see several exciting and beautiful things on this island. Trust me, there are several.
i live in tenerife
Same
I highly recommend visiting Tiede. It is incredibly easy to reach the summit, there are well maintained roads to almost the top and a cable car for the rest of journey. You can drive up or even take a bus tour. The views from the summit are out of this world and it is without a doubt my favourite place to watch a sunrise and a sunset.
Cable cars close with even the mildest winds so i didn't make it. But it was still cool to see a bit lower
It's beautiful, i go every year. I highly recommend
I would also recommend going up at night, the view of the stars is absolutely amazing. I believe its the 3rd best place in the world (on land) to stargaze
@@markgreenaway8666t
Yay! I live in Tenerife and I wondered when this topic or similar ones would be talked about on the channel.
Canary Islands are a very interesting place por geology-curious people as you can see both the results of more recent volcanic activity (west islands, Timanfaya) and the future that awaits for all of them after years of erosion (east islands).
It is a beautiful island, wish i could have explored more of it when i visited:)
You’re a lucky man!😊
I lived my infancy a few miles away from the Teide's summit. I wondered then whether it would erupt, and what my chances of survival were. But not too often, only sometimes.
The Canary Islands and those of Hawai'i and Galápagos all have a similar origin and formation/destruction mechanism. The Westward oceanic crust's displacement over occasional ascending mantle plumes creates the islands. Large land slides occasionally destroy the Eastern ones.
Now I'll watch the video and discover where I got that wrong.
@@wafikiri_ Where the eruption occurs directly correlates to how dangerous it will be (for the most part). Flank eruptions are generally basaltic and less explosive while summit eruptions or ones within the caldera are more silica rich and more explosive.
What a great video, been there 2 Months ago. Pico del Teide is an absolute beautiful, breathtaking vulcano. The landscape in the crater seems to be from another world and you can see the different periodes of the vulcanic history everywhere around you.
Mindblowing, warm on the black beaches. Drive upwards and degrees below 0°C near the caldera. Awesome view to the stars. Beautiful island for sure.
it truly is a fascinating place to go to, my dad and I have been there 3 month ago in the hot south, I really want to go back more often, 10 days spending on the island isn't enough to see everything about Mt Teide
what a great video and I'm glad there is finally a channel that discusses about this truly magnificent yet one of the most dangerous volcano's on this planet, I have visited the island of Tenerife and the volcano 3 months ago with my dad after he promised me 18 years ago when my special interest about volcano's and geophysics was born, there is so much information to see about the island's history both on the inside of the caldera as well outside the caldera, it is truly magnificent and definitely an island to go back to more often to understand the beauty and yet destructive nature of this volcano, mount Teide has always been my special volcano I want to know every single tiny detail about it 💖
Finally, been waiting for a video like this!
Thank you for your timedoing this informative video, i am a frequent visitor to Tenerife, i prefer to stay in Puerto de la Cruz. I have been up to Teide 5 times and is always impressed by the the beauty of it. I always thoughg that Pici de Teide is much older than 180000+ years. Thank you for explaining the big caldera there.
So Amazing😮 Awesome 😮
Greetings from Tenerife, thank you
I have never been on Tenerife. But nevertheless the Teide is one of my favourite volcanoes.
Thanks for the video 🖐👴
I go to Tenerife every year now with family and friends 😊
My family are Jamaican and I am uk born.
I have been to many countries but for me Tenerife is beautiful on many levels.
Awesome video! Is the unlikelihood of Teide producing a VEI 5-6 eruption due to any particular factor (ex. decreasing gas content of the magma, eruptible volume in magma chamber, etc.)?
Scientists have yet to definitively detect a large phonolite magma body. Phonolite and similar composition lavas power the VEI 5+ eruptions at Tenerife. One or more probably exist, but are likely quite small in their current form.,
Soy de Tenerife y aquí todo el mundo sabe que si por alguna casualidad el Teide erupcionara estaríamos bien jodidos.
Very interesting! I recently watched a video about the climate event of 536 CE which they concluded was mostly likely caused by a super eruption somewhere near the equator. Would love to hear your take on that including a comparison of the size of that hypothetical eruption and the Yellowstone super eruptions. Thanks in advance.
I am of the opinion that climatic event involved 2 eruptions. One in 535/536 and one in 540 CE. One of the two was most likely Krakatau in an eruption larger than 1883, and the other was a likely unidentified eruption from a northern hemisphere (Iceland, Canada, Alaska? volcano)
Thank you for such a prompt reply! The documentary I watched did mention the possibility of multiple eruptions but focused on the single Krakatau theory. Placing the second eruption in the northern hemisphere would explain the difference in the arctic and antarctic ice cores which the show also mentioned.
We saw an eruption this large nearly one year ago at Hunga Tonga. So we’ve got a pretty good clue about what these explosive eruptions at Tenerife were actually like. That eruption at Hunga Tonga left a caldera about 1/2 a mile deep under the Pacific Ocean! I think an explosion like that completely above the ocean would be far worst than what Hunga Tonga did a year ago concerning the effects on the planet’s climate, and the impacts on the immediate region near the volcano.
Curious why you think it's physically incapable of a VEI-5+ in its current state. Insufficient lava dome thickness? Something about the magma chamber?
Perhaps there isn't enough magma to make an eruption of that size.
@@GeneralFr - Regarding the state of the lava dome complex in the caldera just prior to last caldera-forming eruption, he said that it was probably much thicker than it is now. So maybe it was able to contain greater pressure than at present, enabling a more powerful eruption.
Perhaps the relatively long periods of time between highly explosive eruptions has more to do with the lava dome complex thickness than it does magma chamber recharging periods.
@@cacogenicist yes, it could be too. Although in any case at that time I think there were large stratovolcanoes (Las Cañadas). Maybe it's also because the Canary Islands hotspot is a little further away than before (I don't see it as likely, but it could be).
Hey I'm doing a research about Teide for a geography competition, where did you get all of this information? I mean I know a lot because we go there everywhere, but with this amount of detail.
Teide is a phonolithic volcano, basaltic eruptions only occur in the rift zones. Anyways the modern Teide magma chamber is too small to produce powerful great eruptions, and also probably too cold to produce any eruption at all as recent studies show.
Im in love with the Canary Islands, they are super beautiful, I highly recommend going.
During this trip I enjoyed all its lovely sites, like Mount Teide. Beautiful.
Seeing as the Teide edifice itself seems mainly constructed of phonolite and trachyte the potential for highly explosive eruptions is quite clear as those magma types are frequently associated with some large infamous eruptions.
Hey dude... Don't tell me those things... We live in GUARGACBO, 42 km from the very TEIDE ❗👀❗👀❗👀❗😲😲😲
@@jorgef.7923get out now………..🏃
Does a huge eruption diminish or delay a followup huge eruption from the damage it causes to the rock? Often when you show us old calderas, there there is a newer cone forming along the faults one the rim. Do these faults act as pressure relief, letting the system blow off pressure earlier and easier, delaying or preventing a repeat?
That’s really scary, that major caldera forming eruptions could occur. But thankfully that threat is over, but if humans were living on the island five and 600,000 years ago they would definitely have reasons to be concerned.
Las Cañadas caldera formed from 3 distinct eruptions and gravitational landslides.
The first volcanic edifice - Las Cañadas I (Roman numerals), formed above the present Icod Valle, then the volcano collapsed into the ocean - you can see the debris or 'Mortalon' exposed in road cuttings above Icod. Erosion cut the head wall back to its present location near Boca Tauce - the Ucanca sector of the caldera.
Later a new volcanic edifice - Cañadas II, formed and underwent gravitational collaps in to the ocean, and the head wall eroded back to the present position - the highest point is Guajara - (about1000 metres lower than Teide at 2715 metres) ASL). The sector is known as the Guajara Sector. Guajara was a Guanche princess who threw herself of tbe peak rather than marry a person she did not wish to - according to local legend.
A third volcanic edifice - Cañadas III, formed, underwent collapse and its headwall is not as eroded as the Ucanca and Guajara sectors, has some exceptional exposures of dykes etc displayed. The side wall of the sector is exhibited at Fortaleza, and the sector is known as 'The Diego Hernandez sector.'
There is controversy as to whether part of the Las Cañadas caldera is a true caldera - as in formed by piston faulting, or a series of 'Horse Shoe' caldera as per Williams.
Cañadas IV - aka Montaña Teide, stands about 3718 metres ASL, and is located over the pre-erosion headwall of the Icod valle. It has a bulge on its northern flank very visible when viewed from the road between its base and El Portillo or the road from El Portillo to La Laguna. It is slowly undergoing deformation, calculations indicate its summit should be several tens of metres higher and further south. Last summit eruption was about 850 AD, last eruption was from Montaña Chinyero in November, 1909. In 2003 approximately 10^11 m^3 of hydrothermal fluids were emplaced in to the edifice, and a fresh fissure opened on tbe north-east flank.
The last major eruption was from Montaña Blanca about 2020 years ago. That was a sub-Plinian eruption with an estimated VEI 5.
My field notes are not immediately to hand, but if anyone wants more information along with references to peer reviewed works. Let me know.
Great video, thank you. Can I ask please, why do you think that the eruption style will change to a hawaiian style? (You illustrated the point with a clip of lava from kilauea, so I assume that future eruptions are expected to be hawaiian).
Moreso Strombolian. At least if we are specifically referring to flank vents. Think a Hawaiian eruption in a best case scenario and a repeat of 2021 La Palma in a worst case scenario. Ash would be emitted but under 0.1 km^3 in the most destructive event.
@GeologyHub thank you. Why is that though.... what is the mechanism for why a volcano could change from plinian to stromboli or hawaiian.... is the magma reducing in silica content for some reason?
La Palma island in the Canaries erupted this year and Lanzarote is still hot beneath the surface.
Congrats for the video on a very complex issue. Some points:
-Las Cañadas formation is a matter of harsh discussion about geologists. Collapse vs landslide has been the two main hypothesis. Both could happen, and probably that was the case. Also it is very possible previous implosion events had taken place, so Las Cañadas is probably a long lasting collapse caldera.
-The implosion destabilized the volcano and the northern section generated a landslide, the Icod valley, now totally filled with Teide materials. Evidences of a tsunami can be found inland to the northwest, in Buenavista "isla baja" = platform and offshore as well.
-Teide main vent last eruption was the "Lavas Negras", 8th century CE. It was a phonolitic eruption with some massive lava flows you can clearly see on top of the peak, 800.000.000 m3. During the Holocene, the volcano has erupted 4.4 Km3 of material, mostly felsic in the form of lava flows, but also some subplinian (Montaña Blanca) and strombolian events (1798)
The debate between landslide and caldera collapse isn’t strictly exclusive in my opinion. Caldera collapse can destabilize a region with then causes a landslide. Of course, several landslides have occurred on the northern section of Tenerife.
The presence of this eruption and another medium sized event in the 1st millennia BCE also a bit confusing when it’s brought up that a large phonolite magma chamber has not been detected. They are quite easy to detect, yet there appear to be only an assortment of small phonolite chambers. I’m guessing these expand in the years, decades, or hundreds of years before a large eruption.
The biggest threat from this volcano imho is a huge landslide into the ocean generating a mega tsunami. There are 3 potential landslide threats in the Canaries, Teide, El Hierro and La Palma. Teide is the steepest of the 3, A relatively minor eruption COULD be the potential trigger, but as we saw with the La Palma ' mega tsunami threat', it may take a few eruptions to dislodge the edifice.
Hi there Happy Holidays and good tidings!
I wanted to ask u a question! I have an unusual rock/stone I'm not exactly sure i found it in the bush /country setting and it has a shape of a teardrop black in shape but it's thin end where the teardrop shape tapers down to a thinner tube i found it hollow. I thought i may have been from an insect but i have since dismissed that as it is almost like a metal because of its weight and pure cold ness mich more so than other natural to rocks or gems
There are 978 000 residents living in Tenerife.
Could I request you look at "salpeterkop" ( I am quite interested and have found some material on it from Stellenbosch University, but sadly dont understand much ) it's one of only 2 volcanoes I know of in mainland South Africa the other being "Pilanesberg" both of which are extinct, the other now are active but are the Prince Edward Islands.
Hi I’m so happy to watch this I have been in tenirrife for a vacation 🎉 I was going to see teade❤ I hope it’s very beautiful 😊 thanks for letting me know these facts! ;) lol I’m so exited to go to the third giant volcano in the world😮
Pico De Teide has fumaroles still giving off sulfur
It's stinky as hell
Great video. Most of what you said is true although it is impossible for El Teide to errupt since it isnt subject to the "hot spot" that created the island and caused the recent eruption from La Palma. That is because the islands are moving to the east with the African techtonic plate and the hot spot is stationary, you can see that the oldest islands are to the east and the youngest to the west.
Though there does appear to be a hot spot signature to eruptions in the Canary islands the underlying dynamics in the Canary islands are far more complicated than that. In particular based on using seismic tomography heat flow the source appears to be a lobe coming up from underneath Africa at a laterally inclined angle resulting in a relatively large cross section within the thermal anomaly/plume. How this is interpreted/understood is more tricky but there is some evidence to suggest heterogeneities in the regional mantle /crust have shaped volcanism in the region and the broader cone of heating this results in means that the islands don't show the age progression of volcanism in the way of a classical hot spot i.e. all the islands remain volcanically active. Its quite probable that the known heterogeneities and weak points are just the path of least resistance for the plume to rise to the surface and thus activity has been and continues to be funneled into these regions. Its also probably worth considering the larger regional context of the Eastern Atlantic as there is actually considerable transpressional strains on the Crust up to the North related to the Azores Gibraltar transform/fracture zone. This area is fairly unique in the large transpressional forces have started to push the older southern portion of the seafloor crust underneath its younger Northern counterpart which is being pushed upwards as a result in what is believed to be the early stages of forming a subduction zone.
This kind of process ultimately takes considerable amounts of strain in order to form new active plate margins which thus indicates that the crust in surrounding regions is likewise also under significant strain which could certainly affect how regional volcanism manifests.
For another example of how existing crustal heterogeneities/weak points in the crust can affect hot spot volcanism take a look at the Wolf Darwin lineament in the Galapagos where volcanic activity has long persisted along a major crustal fault even though the main hotspot core has moved on because the existing fault offers weak points allowing magma to much more readily reach the surface. There is further evidence in terms of the chemistry of the lavas here as these lavas are more chemically complex with a mixture of hot spot chemical signatures with more typical Mid Ocean Ridge Basalt signatures.
In that context its premature to say that its impossible for el Teide to erupt in fact we know the volcano is still active as historical eruptions are documented with the last summit eruption dating to 850 AD and subsequent eruptions from flank/side vents. It just hasn't produced any recent major explosive eruptions since the aforementioned one in the video as the recent volcanism has been much less chemically evolved than the melts responsible for the volcanoes major explosive eruptions. i.e. basalt rather than phonolite.
Can you make a video on the Agulhas Slide in Africa?
He caldera on La Palma is huge & about 2300m, I drove up their a couple of weeks ago to visit the world famous telescopes & visitor centre.
Tenerife is also the location of the world's deadliest aircraft disaster, on March 27th 1977. Between two 747 planes on the runway, resulting in the death of 583 people.
It would be interesting to look at the caldera forming eruption in Northern La Palma
As far as I know, the Caldera de Taburiente was formed by a large landslide and not by a caldera-forming eruption. I'm not even if there was any large eruption. Anyway, in La Palma there is a stratovolcano located in the south of the Caldera de Taburiente (the Bejenado volcano), so who knows.
there have been a few burps over the last few years but on the other island is where the eruption took place. Actually, Teide makes up a base of around 73 volcanos on Tenerife
I went their 25 years ago and people said it would go off in 10 years and make a big ass wave that would without the east coast
Some other video told me that the hotspot, once below tenerife, is now below more western islands of the canarian group. Younger islands...
The last (minor) eruption...La Palma. One year ago.
why is the volcano not capable of producing such an eruption? and what conditions are necessary for such an eruption to occur that tenerife lacks?
I would love to see a reconstruction of what Tenerife looked like before the collapse and formation of the caldera.
Some estimate the peak could have been up to 5000 metres high!
I might be able to attempt this, but cannot guarantee anything as reconstructing an edifice which has experienced multiple caldera collapses and flank collapses is difficult.
How likely would you say a summit eruption is?
@GeologyHub we've all heard the worst-case megatsunami predictions from collapses of mountains into the ocean. I'm skeptical though; exactly what would it take for a Tenerife collapse to cause significant damage to the North American continent?
No mention of Garachico near Icod? Shame.
It'd been interesting to hear how the side vent dumped all that lava just a hundred years ago.
Are there any volcanoes that have been proven to have gone off around the time of the Chixulub impact?
"If you live in Tenerife, then you don't need to worry about a VEI 5 or 6 eruption."
And what about a VEI 4 or lower?
Also, I like the phrase "catastrophic eruption." Does this have a precise meaning in geology?
I would love to hear current thought or theories about Hunga Tonga Hunga volcano. The earthquakes in the area are pretty much daily and so what do scientists think? Could we see another big eruption from Hunga or is there another underwater volcano nearer Vanuatu that might erupt in the near future?
If you are talking where the next specifically island forming volcanic eruption might occur, I will suggest a few candidates.
1. Northern Mariana Islands or in the volcanic chain Iwo Jima is in.
2. Kuwae
3. Iceland (3 possible spots)
4. Tonga
Teide almost looks like a ring fracture given its location in the caldera
The Canary Islands are moving over a volcanic hot spot. It’s likely that LaPalma is “better” placed for volcanic activity.
I live lituarly at the foot of this volcano! 😯
But have on both sides of my land baranco's
More than 900K people actually
I believe that Teide is the highest point I the Atlantic Ocean. Anywhere else higher ?
and the population is around 1 million now we can tell by all the traffic on the roads... and nowhere to park....
Todos los tinerfeños amamos al padre Teide.
❤
I live in tenerife (:
🌋🌺🙏🌺🌋
Slightly smaller than Krakatoa? Didn't Krakatoa only ejected like 25-26km³ of tephra?
I think you’re correct
I love tenerife
Hermano mi casa se va a ir al carajo
I promised my mom, I never let no one call me stupid or how Jeanie used to call me mental retarded, my mom told me I was very intelligent,, I keep my promise to my mother, study as much as I can, still to this hour on earth I kept my promise
Hey have you done the Cumbre Vieja in the Canary Islands? Only ask because the apparent possibility of it triggering a mega landslide that triggers a Mega Tsunami that destroys all the Caribbean Islands and the East coast of North America, supposedly.
Nulla di quello che avete sentito corrisponde ha verita, specialmente le immagini
Oh yikes the Canary Islands, isn’t this where that Volcano that could wipe out the East Coast is by causing a rock slide Tsunami?
Out by of respect for the people living in the island and those who are listening Can't the guy make the effort of pronouncing the name of the volcan and of Tenerife in a way that everybody understand to what he is referring to.
I'm from Tenerife and he pronounces it right :)
Erupt 2026
Population 1mil
tennerifay?
Yes, that's how it should be pronounced with an English accent. The -e is not silent in Spanish.
Ten-uh-reef. Not ten-uh-reef-ay.
No, he actually pronounces it right. The -e is not silent in Spanish.
There is no Eh at the the end of Tenerife it's just Te-Ne-Reef! 👍
In Spanish they pronounce the 'eh'
It's Spanish, not French
@@christophersaul4993 Is he Spanish?
Teneriffy, really?
😂
I'm from Tenerife and he pronounces it just right, although with an accent of course.
I think Tenerife is not pronounced that way.
It actually is. The -e is not silent.
tenerife is pronounced "tena-reef"... It's crazy Americans pronounce words exactly the way they look on paper 😂🤡
even crazier that people still care about pronounciation in 2022
I'm from Spain and the way he pronounced Tenerife is quite good
@@GearGuardianGaming isn't it just!? Dumbing down society exists!... Case in point is yourself 🤡
@@GearGuardianGaming True, I pronounce your username like "queer fartian gay Ming" with Ming being emphasized like Ming dynasty.
That's not how Spanish-speakers pronounce it. They pronounce it closer to how it was pronounced in the video. And seeing as it is Spanish territory, and most people who live there speak Spanish ...
teide is too tired to erupt next vei 0 eruption happens in year 15699
How about Caldera del Taburiente - Cumbre Vieja?
Now it has a 400km3 magma chamber
Caldera de Taburiente is a "false" caldera, is not a kind of caldera formed by secuencial eruptions and landslides/destructions of the volcano building, Caldera de Taburiente is just the remains of various volcanoes that has been eroded in thounsand or million of years.