American Reacts Habsburg Dynasty Family Tree
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- Опубліковано 9 бер 2022
- Original Video: • [Old Version] Habsburg...
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There is a saying that goes somewhat like this. “Let others wage war, but you, happy Austria, marry”
Pretty accurate considering Austria conquered through marriages instead of war.
The "male first thing" is not bogus, it's called agnatic primogeniture. It comes from the ancient "salic law" of the Franks back in the 6th century. It basically means: Only male-line descendants can inherit, unless there is no male heir left. This was the case when Emperor Charles VI. died: The House of Habsburg had died out in the male (agnatic) line.
Well, Salic law initially called for partable inheritance, wherein all lands and holdings were split between all male heirs (which is why we don’t really see many post Roman empires till much later) partable inheritance would remain the primary form of inheritance until the death of King Charles the Fat in 888, which results in the splintering of the Frankish empire (divided into west francia, east francia, burgundy, Provence, Italy, and the fringe territory.) after this, francia never really recovers and the Capetians become the next frank dynasty, and it is the Capetians that reform the inheritance policy to Primogeniture so as to prevent further splintering of political land and holdings.
"unless there is no male heir left" is semi-salic law. original salic law excluded all women without exception. "a woman shall never inherit the throne of the kingdom of france."
And we can see that even pre-historic humans were largely patrilineal, so it goes way deeper than that
Well, I told you there would be a lot of incest! 😜
People back then didn't knew about genetics. The reason for the inbreeding was that if one line should run out of male heirs, the other line would inherited all the lands through a female (marriage) line. If you marry your daugthers to other powerful rulers and you run out of male heirs, then your house will loose all its possessions. This is what happened to Portugal. Ironically, the inbreeding itself led to the extinction of the spanish Habsburg branch...
The funeral procession of Otto von Habsburg is on youtube, it was really cool to see how much respect was paid to him.
21:55 Well, the reason for those connections is the question of equal rank. The children of ruling monarchs could only marry people of equal rank (i.e. the children of other ruling monarchs). And since there was a sharp divide between catholics and protestants in Europe, the options for royal marriages were quite limited. For the catholics, there was basically France, Austria, Spain, Portugal, a bunch of small italian states and a bunch of southern german states (uncluding Bavaria and Saxony). The protestant side consisted of Prussia, Britain, the Netherlands, Belgium, the scandinavian kingdoms and a bunch of northern german states. Throw in a few Romanov marriages and the picture is complete.
In general, the many small german states served as a pool of marriage candidates for the bigger states. This is why the small and insignificant House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (from Thuringia) came to rule over Britain, Portugal, Belgium and Bulgaria.
When your family tree starts to look more like a dense bush, you should be careful with who you marry.
When it resembles a pretzel, like the Habsburgs, you should consider adopting no matter who you marry.
I have almost all of useful charts videos in some playlist to watch later but never got to it for most of them, so good you watch them now
Have you watched the House of Garsenda video from the same channel? It follows the female line rather than the male and it makes you realise just how closely related most European royal families were through the women that married into them. Even if they were marrying a woman from a family a physically distant they were often still cousins. They then became the mothers of the next generation of women who were then married off to another royal family and so on keeping that genetic pool small.
Love these videos! So special
I keep getting distracted by what appears to be one horse eating a guys leg while another horse looks on in disapproval 🤣
Hey Connor, to make matters more complicated, the once-mighty Hapsburg empire folded at the end of the first World war in 1918. But... did you know that the Hapsburgs are still around in Europe today? the family lives on. For centuries their sons and daughters were married off into European royalty... example: Marie-Antoinette the Queen of France before she lost her head was a Hapsburg.
Habsburg is with a B, not with a P like Hapsburg.....
@@adriankolsters Oh dear this is very silly of me. Thank you for pointing this out. I have read about this dynasty for years, and I still get it wrong. I can quote Hamlet... "old men forget" Thank you.
@@antoineduchamp4931 😉
@@antoineduchamp4931 Hapsburg is actually the common spelling in anglosaxon countries.
@@privatevendetta I note that that descendants of this dynasty are still alive and well in Austria today.
I highly recommend Usefulcharts’s “who wrote the Bible” series! Very fascinating
YESS
Agreed
Useful Charts' "Genealogy of Jesus" is also very informative.
24:43 It wouldn't have 'transferred to Mexico', because Maximillian died decades before Franz Joseph and Mexico became a republic after Maximillian's death. Maximillian also didn't have children, so that line of the family ended as well.
The intermarrying actually got worse through King Carlos II's full-blood (and healthy) sister Margarita Theresa, who went on to marry her maternal uncle/paternal cousin Leopold I, and produced a daughter. This daughter's son almost claimed the throne, but died prematurely, and made a succession war inevitable.
Well that was the Habsburg family tumbleweed. Next up: the Ptolemies and their family braid.
26:48 That's a coincidence; I've been reading an alternate history book series where the heir to the Austrian throne takes a strong interest in motor racing.
Thank you
4:14 Hmm You actually learned about the house of Wittelsbach on your last reaction to German monarchies where it was covered since they were kings of Bavaria in the German empire. 🤦♂️
And regarding your question YES.
The Habsburg inbreeding starts since Charles i and isabella of Portugal, they were cousins.
If I'm right: Nowadays the European royal houses have changed the law to primogeniture i.e. the first born child, male or female, with the exception of Liechtenstein and Monaco.
18:30 No, they were not half-brothers. Leopold was both the nephew and brother-in-law of Philip IV. It's still gross.
The Luxembourgs were both Kings of Bohemia and later Hungary too. King John the Blind died in the battle of Crecy, fighting with the French against the English in 1346. Even if he was blind, he had knights beside him to direct him against the enemy lines. His son, Charles IV, became Holy Roman Emperor, and though he was a great leader, his sons would fight over the throne. This is depicted at low level in the video game Kingdom Come: Deliverance. Sigismund was King of Hungary during one of the last crusades, which ended with the battle of Nicopolis in 1396. He has one of my favourite quotes from the middle ages. He was writing a letter, and some clergyman tried to correct him. Sigismund's reply was: "I'm King of the Romans, and above grammar!":)
"Well what happened to Franz Ferdinand then?"
Grab some popcorn
4:25 The House of Wittelsbach provided the Dukes of Bavaria (after the Welfs lost that dukedom) and since 1815 the Kings of Bavaria. The House of Nassau were counts in the region of Hesse, ruling the valley of river Lahn and the (low) mountain ranges of Taunus and Westerwald. They were split in 1255 in a southern and a northern line and afterwards multiple times in sublines. 1292 Adolf of Nassau from the southern line was elected for Emperor. 1568 Wilhelm the Silent of Nassau-Dillenburg (by succession in maternal line Prince of Orange) of the southern line, became the leader of the Dutch revolt against the Spanish Habsburgs. The southern subline of Nassau-Weilburg became 1816 Dukes of Hesse-Nassau; that duchy however was annexed by Prussia in 1866.
Heinrich Count of Luxemburg became Roman-German King in 1308, his son Johann King of Bohemia in 1310. Johann's son Wenceslaus, short Wenzel, became 1346 Roman-German King under the name of Charles IV, 1347 also King of Bohemia, 1355 also King of Italy and Emperor; he declared Luxemburg to be a Duchy in 1354. His successor was his son Wenzel, but he was abdicated as Roman-German King in 1400 because of "sluggishness" and bad governance; he was replaced by Count Palatine Ruprecht. Wenzel's younger brother Sigismund was Elector of Brandenburg (1387-88 and 1411-15) and King of Hungary and Croatia (since 1387). In 1402 Wenzel called Sigismund to Bohemia and made him administrator there after Sigismund promised to help him win back the German Crown. But Sigismund had no hurry, so the brothers quarreled. Sigismund arrested Wenzel, which upset the bohemian nobility led by their cousin Jobst of Moravia, Duke of Luxembourg (because Wenzel was easier to manipulate than his brother). In 1403 Sigismund returned to Hungary to quell some regional uprisings, Wenzel could escape. After the death of King Ruprecht in 1410 Jobst of Moravia, Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Luxembourg, was elected as German King, but died soon after. Sigismund was then elected next, in 1411. As Wenzel died in 1419, he became also King of Bohemia. He was crowned Emperor in 1433. He died in 1437. Since he had no male heir, he named his son-in-law Duke Albrecht of Austria of House Habsburg as heir - that's how this House got its claims to the Crowns of Bohemia, Hungary and Croatia, as well as to the Duchy of Luxembourg and the Netherlands (which it gave later to its Spanish line). But since all the Crowns were of elective Kingdoms, they could at first not hold on all of them for more than one or two generations.
After the Spanish line died out, Luxembourg went back to the Austrian Habsburg, but was confiscated around 1801 by Napoleon. It went to Nassau-Orange in 1815; as this House had no male heir in 1890, it went to Nassau-Weilburg (see above), while the Netherlands got female succession. Afterwards Luxembourg also decided to accept female succession. Until 1866 Luxembourg was part of the German Federation; like Liechtenstein it did not join the new Prussian-German Empire however, but declared neutrality in the quarrels between its neighbors.
11:58 The in-family marriages of the Spanish Habsburgs were intended to keep their power in the family, to produce undisputed heritage lines. Like in a small village, where the big farmers tend to switch their daughters with their neighbors: Your son marries my daughter, my son marries your daughter, and again in the next generation to keep the lands together. In a rural environment some born-in idiots were not see as problem as long as there was also a capable heir - the idiots made good farmhands for their brother. But the Habsburg never produced enough children for this game.
i've heard it said that all those of european descent are related to charlemagne in some way - that would include those who left for the new world.
I have to learn this in school bro.
You are a descendant of Charlemagne if you have European ancestors. Charlemagne had 28 Children. The number of ancestors doubles every generation and after 1000 years or 33 generations one reaches a point where everyone in Europe has more ancestors than there were people in Europe. Basically everyone that lived more than 1000 years ago and started a dynasty that spread for a few generations is the ancestor of every European. Every founder of a roman noble family that survived till the end of the Roman Republic is an ancestor of every European today. When your family survived for 600 years, 2000 years ago, your genes had no other way than spreading around. Time and the doubling of ancestors every generation is a powerful tool to spread genes. Ghingis Khan, lived 800 years ago, Charlemagne 1200 years ago. The 50% extra generations make it almost impossible for Charlemagne to have fewer dependents.
Ahh... the Hapsburg Family Wreath.
That family tree looking more like a rectangle
Instead of a tree it's a whole bush.
Hey when do you watch the french tree?
Next!
20:54 It's not true that if one male line died out the sitting Emperor could just try overwriting the Salic Law (male-only succession) for his own daughter. The situation with Joseph and Charles and their children emerged in a situation where there were *no* males left. (Spain did pass through female succession, but Spain was a different case from Austria because it had historically had different succession rules to Austria.)
Well, when Russia was claiming Ukraine as its own (which it is not), everybody made jokes about England getting all of its land back. I was just thinking, that Austria would be a lot bigger than the UK if it ever chose to reclaim what once was theirs.
Austria held all the spanish territories thanks to the spanish Habsburgers, as well as big parts of Eastern Europe, France (through marriage) and the UK, I believe. So the whole world could have ended as Austria.
👍
Regarding all these bizarre uncle-niece marriages, I read somewhere that there was a plan to marry Charles II (himself the product of an uncle-niece marriage), to his niece, Maria Antonia (also the product of an uncle-niece marriage). She was the daughter of Charles's sister, Margarita Theresa, and their uncle Leopold I. Supposedly, Maria Antonia had an even higher inbreeding coefficient than Charles II (though she was ostensibly healthier). Just imagine if they'd been able to reproduce!
Franz-Joseph's brother Maximilian was executed in Mexico long before Franz-Joseph died. So no, the crown would not have passed to Mexico.It was basically the same story you see with Megan and Harry today. Being the brother of the emperor he didn't really get to satisfy his own ambitions in Austria. Add a hugely ambitious wife and you get trouble, for sure.
The Habsburgs are an interesting family. This chart just follows the kingdom titles they had and doesn't accurately portray their rise to power through marriages and inbreeding.
One thing that I found interesting was the Spanish Habsburgs were named after their Burgundian grandfather Charles 'the Bold', and his father Philip 'the Good'. The original Duke Philip IV Habsburg of Burgundy was named after Mary's grandfather, Philip 'the Good'.
Charles 'the Bold' died without a male heir, and as a junior branch of the French royal family, the French Crown claimed Burgundy, arguing Salic law.
Maximilian married Mary and ruled Burgundy as Duke while his father was Emperor. Mary died, Philip became Duke with his father Maximilian ruling as regent until he became Emperor. It was Philip who married the inbred Juana of Spain.
When Queen Mary was the ruling Monarch of England wouldn't that make Phillip II of Spain a Prince Consort to England instead of an actual King.
Just like Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Phillip while he wasn't a King.
He didn't mention Napoleon's first wife Joséphine de Beauharnais. Sad. Poor Josephine.
she was barren so she is unimportant.
Haus Wettin , Coburg - Sachsen is much more confusing and involved in European Kingdoms
Yes, it's no joke.
I have to correct the original author: the Bohemian King spoken of at the start is Ottokar II, not I.
Second point on the royals of Europe being all related to each other - yes, they are. The fun thing is though that so is everybody else. Most people just don't keep records of it as well. Imagine the 15th century serf who never left his county, maybe not even his village. Imagine how inbred that family is. 🙂
Didn't the Habsburgs have large jawbones/chins almost like Desperate Dan and probably due to inbreeding
Ser sobrina no siempre era al 100%, a veces se era medio sobrina , puesto que los hermanos eran o de tro padre u otra madre. La tara de los Augburgos, la mandíbula prominente , llegó a la dinastía española a través de Felipe de Borgoña el padre de Carlos I y V de Alemania. Y se potenció con las uniones entre primos. De la misma familia. Reyes y Emperadores sin descendencia era habitual como Enrique VIII, Carlos el loco de In glaterra , Isabel I de Inglaterra, o los Reyes de Suecia, etc. Napoleón tampoco tuvo hijos varones.
Please pronounce Hapsburg with a hop not hap. Thanks from a German
Notice how it all gets short and controlled by unknown actually then worlds fair and orphans, surely peasants wanted out of that life and made it to America, that's what I learned
We reacting to a guy who react to a video
Even today , knowing about the downs of intermarriage, certain groups still have first cousin marriages, with children paying the physical price.
Who is Charlemagne related to? Try Stephen Fry's answer: ua-cam.com/video/CNE_1XvJo6g/v-deo.html
Honestly, reading the titel already got me laughing out loud. LIke, don't do it, its gonna ba weird and disturbing and oddly funny.
The whole male line thing makes sense when you concider that women where mor likely to die in childbirth and more likely to be incapable of having children. When your monarch has absolute power having one having one sudenly keel over and die in the most critical porocess of securing succession is a big no no.
Also psychologicaly women are simply more risk adverse. The act of sezing and buidling absolute power is a very risky thing to do. So is it any wonder that in those uncertain times more men have tride it and made it work?
Lmao...yep, you will never remember all that 🤷🤣🤣