Brian Greene is a wonderful person in his ability not only to make a difficult subject easier to understand but to make the subject wholly enjoyable. I wish there were more like him around. Ray.
Hats off for Brian Greene (specially) and WSF team for these wonderful talks. It is really wonderful to be able to watch these conversations and a whole bunch of science related topics being discussed. Really thanks.
So cool. Anton Petrov was talking about that polarized black hole. If the big bang is an implosion like a cosmic black hole/white hole, then dark energy is just gravity seen from the point of view of inside the black hole. illustration: take a rubber membrane to simulate space time. Apply a vacuum cleaner hose to simulate a quantum fluctuation and a black hole. The vacuum generates a balloon. 🎈 From the outside, it illustrates gravity pulling on space time. From the inside surface of the balloon, it illustrates dark energy expanding space time. Obviously, both are caused by local energy differential in the vacuum, also known as quantum fluctuations at different scale. At small scale the local energy differential generates a flow (same process as Hawking radiation) where virtual particle are separated. Just like the waves of the sea separates sand on the beach according to weight and size. That flow at larger scale is calked cosmic web. Good news: The univers can do that forever. Enjoy. Subtle consequences: the big bang is happening now. In your mind 😋
Professor Brian Greene shouldve been the real Nobel Laureate Physicist of all Time.. Professor Brian Greene , if we start collaborating now, we shall share the next Nobel prize, guaranteed. Love Brian Greene
Great discussion on a number of topics along with a nice oral history on the dynamics of the development of space expansion . Dr. Greene is a terrific and well-balanced moderator.
Hoping someday I really come here after getting my PHD in Astrophysics (maybe after 10 years) and acknowledge the awesomeness lying here . Both are role models for me and having known about Prof. Brian Schmidt and his Astro journey in life .... thats enough interesting and priceless to me. Sorry , I am unable to explain in words.
Yes but they could be very wrong. Professor Subir Sarkar at Oxford university has cast major doubt on the Dark Energy hypothesis. In fact, the evidence for Dark Energy is faulty and highly suspect.
A wonderful discussion, and so nice not to have irritating advert breaks! I loved the policy analysis - I wish the science and academic community here in the UK would discuss what's happening with policy but they seem to be silenced.
I never thought of neutrinos possibly being in a medium so dense that they could be responsible (at least partially if not essentially fully), for blowing that medium apart. Wow! The physics of supernovae are truly remarkable.
The weather *is* complicated: Consider that to predict precipitation you have to follow three phases of water, various forms of ice moving in a 10 km high column at speeds between 5 and 20 m/s vertically with temperatures between 180 and 300 K.
@World Science Festival, great guest and conversation with my daughter's neighbor in Canberra. @ANU is an incredible university at educating our youth and us older people too. I think this is a better use of human resources than the " Problem of the Day". 😃
Gotta love the way that Brian Greene orchestrates these interviews and p[anel discussions! Getting the "emotion" out of Dr./Professor Brian Schmidt was kind of like pulling teeth. 🤣 But he got his response.
Very good conversation. I have to look up various terms to understand better. Any new discoveries on Neuroscience, cosmology, physics and the beginning of the universe, esoterism, aliens and apparitions, scientific spiritism and so forth are interesting themes.
Thanks for introducing very eminent personalities and creating conditions for a layman to have access with them. When you are discussing with him at one point of time he told that he will not subscribe to the idea of Big Bang singularity. What he intended to say on this point.please elaborate on this point if you find time.
Read The fabric of the cosmos and The Elegant Universe, you should get a glimpse of what you are looking for.. String Theory will, one day, win over all other theories.. Professor Brian Greene is the expert in String Theory, the universe is truly complex, things today change tomorrow early morning, as a Pure Mathematician myself, i follow my Professor, Professor Brian Greene, My hero
The results suggest there is a high probability there is the existence of other universes beyond the reach of our own universe that exhibit gravity and are pulling our own universe apart and are accelerating its demise as the effect progresses. We need to know how fast the acceleration apart is between the centers of each of the galaxies is so an estimate of the forces pulling ours part can be made.
Brian Schmidt should have kept his mouth shut about Covid and how Australia didn’t want to go down the road the US did. It’s pathetic when someone who supposed to be smart and honored doesn’t realize that you shouldn’t be talking about things you don’t know or have any control over. I don’t need to criticize the way Australia handled Covid because they did what they thought was best thing for them. So did the US and last thing we need is some scientist in Australia criticizing how we do things. Do us all a favor and worry about your own business.
As a spherical pattern could be however it's an object in space with a center of gravity or even a sphere in mathematics,the distribution of all the points from this object seems to be equiproblable.Talking about a laser or a photon,a neutrino has the same properties for example.
I was reading an article on the observation of an intermediate black hole consuming a star, and how gravitational waves would ripple out. Within a galaxy, there would be numerous events creating ripples , and so we'd expect waves generally to move outwards from galaxies (assuming there would be some degree of both constructive and destructive interference, but that generally the waves would not cancel out), then surely this would exert and outward force that would push neighbouring galaxies away. And could some sort of gravitational wave resonance account for a part of dark matter, holding galaxies together for faster rotation? Sort of like how salt poured onto a surface with sound frequencies arranges itself in clumps and patterns, similar to star in galaxies and galaxy clusters. "Gravitational resonance" of sorts....
EM Design and Drafting CAD Career took a positive turn. I'm going to stay in tech. Study Engineering Physics evenings hopefully to post grad. levels. Good base of info. for Engineering work I was gearing for Scientific Equipment Designer but landed Aerospace much better. I need more Physics that for sure.
I believe I have an insight into our shared reality, as we all do. It'll be interesting to see what happens when we either transcend our corporeal vessels, or seep away into equilibrium.
Yet, I have mentioned a trajectory called "the cycloïd" wich is a faster way to get from one point to another one(gravitation)than the straight line(from A to B) with an angle of 45 degrees. (mathematics). It's interesting when you think about trigonometry and singular patterns.
This week scientists measured the affect of gravity on quantum particles -a point Brian Schmidt was in a way alluding to when he said (paraphrasing) he believed gravity had a role even at the level of forces at the sub-atomic level.
Hi Brian, I have enjoyed watching numerous, if not most of the episodes you’ve produced and am just curious what kind of microphone do you use for these? Thanks, Glenn
If you accept the Everettian interpretation of qft, you'd expect a cascading effect (speeding up of the expansion) a realities "branch" over spacetime... Especially when you realize that gravity is multidimensional and spread across correlated realities (which explains why gravity is so weak at the quantum and local scale but "dark matter" effects are more noticeable at cosmic scales of space and mass.) it will likely explain the anomalies that have caused so much recent doubt about the near completeness of the standard model. Once physicists start factoring in the implications of the Everettian interpretation, these problems will be easily resolved.
How do we see thru the matter of the galaxy to observe something that we cannot see; to measure super small variations in temperature? It’s kinda like taking a thermal imager and reading Bob’s temperature thru the glass window of Alice’s house.
As much as I admire physicists and mathematicians, they are not without ego. My criticism is only that their motives are hidden and often they imply how joyous they would be to find that decades of work would be found wasted. Not wasted to them - mere mortals would be devastated but no, they are above such concerns. Their audience is intelligent and less easily fooled. They do often try to imply that their only interest is in discovering truth. But I feel that as a group, they are more honest than almost all. Nerdy engineers may be more honest, but one would never know ;).
Probably the same reason why a cup of marble spills everywhere when you pure it on the ground. They bounce on each other. Now if the ground is not flat the marbles will gather there like with gravity. Did I answer your question?
The diffusion rate depends on the temperature of the gas. The average velocity of a molecule in a gas is proportional to the square root of the absolute temperature of the gas. For a cloud of gas in a vacuum, nothing opposes the outermost layer of molecules from expanding outward.
@@zenbum2654 Ah yes, thus the reason I posed my question is; Why aren't rocket bells 30, 40 or 50 times their size in order to maximize ejected gas thrust forces in a given vector? One might say "Because the required weight of large rocket bells would exempt their efficiency to deliver a payload and be much too large to launch through the atmosphere." And my reply would be; "I have a solution for that as well."
@@AurelienCarnoy My question was more for the purpose of premise-making than it was for understanding. I do understand why gases expand in space. I was hoping to lay a framework for the next question.
@@merlepatterson Ok, I understand now. You're designing rockets to compete with SpaceX. When you get them working safely I'd like a free trip into orbit please. 🤓
I do not believe that in the distant future, Stars and galaxies will be to far away to see. But because of star formation and creation of new galaxies, there will never be an empty space.
Dr. Green, I don't understand why a Dark Energy Force is necessary in the Standard Cosmological Model. Accelerated expansion under the Newtons 2nd Law would speed up. I find anything with constant velocity motion would be inconsistent with EF=ma. I mean except for things affected by gravity. Does there have to be Dark Energy in the Standard Model ? What does a model look like if we eliminate Dark Energy and just call it acceleration ? Everybody is asking what's pushing things from an explosion in the void to speed up when there is nothing to slow it down except that one time (sort of like an inductor afterwards keeping a current constant). It seems it would do that naturally to me f/ the initial expansion speed up in the void f/ a previous force. What if there's no Dark Energy at all ?
1) If photons have no mass, why do they bend in their trajectory as they go past a large mass like the sun, for instance the precessional change of Mercury's orbit. So on Earth we see Mercury appearing around the horizon of the sun artificially sooner than it should? If there is no mass there, what is the gravitational force grabbing? (2) If I take my rocket into a black hole and land on a singularity, suppose I get out a flashlight and put the base of the flashlight on the singularity. I point the flashlight toward the event horizon at straight up = north or 12 o'clock, and I turn it on. The photons can't escape because there is too much gravity. That means they have to slow down. But photons can't go slower than the speed of light because the speed of light is constant. So what happens to the photons between the singularity and the event horizon if I try to point my flashlight away from the singularity? (3) What is going on inside an electron with its internal structure such that something spins one direction to generate in the outside world what we label as "negative charge" but something spins the other way to cause what we describe as "positive charge" if it were a positron? Ditto for positive charge in protons and negative charge in antiprotons. (4) If a neutron is inside a nucleus, it has a half life of billions of years. But if the neutron is by itself in free space, it has a half-life of about 400 seconds.
(a) Why stable inside a nucleus, even for tiny deuterium or tritium, but unstable outside a nucleus? The neutron decays into a proton plus an electron plus an anti-matter neutrino. (b) How can an anti-matter neutrino exist inside an ordinary matter neutron back when the neutron existed as a neutron? Or if it was there in another form as a proto-antimatter neutrino, what form was it in? (5) If high energy gamma rays collide, they can condense into matter. Can all forms of matter form in this way, for instance how about neutrinos or Higgs Bosons-- do they form from Big Bang level collisions of gamma rays? (6) Where can I park my spaceship so that if I look in one direction I will see a panorama of billions of stars and galaxies, but if I turn around 180 degrees there is nothing to see because the universe hasn't expanded there yet? There are places the universe hasn't expanded to yet, so there have to be vast numbers of places (or a large outer surface) where such sights could be seen. Or, to mix questions, could it be the edge of the universe is where it goes down the drain to the center of black holes which is why you can't see anything there? (7) If time happens more slowly at the center of the earth, how can there be a blue shift of light at the center of the earth? With a blue shift, the electromagnetic waves happen with greater frequency which means the waves are moving [perpendicular to the direction of propagation] more quickly. The tick-tock of light's electromagnetic pulsations is happening more quickly with the higher energy of blue light. If more gravity means blue shift and faster pulsations, then denser gravity means time's events happen more quickly, not more slowly. (8) For the paradox of a stationary twin and a twin in a rocket at 99% the speed of light. from the point of reference of the twin in a rocket the twin in a rocket is stationary and the other twin is, in comparison, moving away at nearly the speed of light. So why does the one age and the other not? It must be that the one that stays young stays young because it is having kinetic energy added to its system. Or perhaps moving relative to a HIggs field slows down time. Or maybe something else. How would kinetic energy slow down time, or how would a moving Higgs field slow down time? If time slows down at the center of the earth, how is it that more gravitational force slows down time? Is there an interactional commonality among kinetic energy, Higgs field, and gravity? (9) A ray of light is not travelling in a straight line, because it is always influenced to some extent by gravity from some mass somewhere in the universe. Particles are made from condensed gamma rays, and so do not have exact stable surfaces but rather only the turmoil of thrashing electromagnetic fields. The surface of the purest cystal is actually at the micro-micro level not a plane but rather an approximate surface of condensed energy pulsations or string pulsations, and the edge of a crystal is not a straight line but rather only a wiggling approximate line. Simple integers are absolutes, while in nature there are no absolute straight lines or true planes or absolute flat surfaces. Since integers have absolute magnitudes aka defined boundaries but light and matter do not, why should we think numbers are accurate at the ultimate micro-micro level for describing physical phenomena? (10) If an entire galaxy were made out of antimatter, how would be know from this far away that it wasn't made of ordinary matter? (11) If you look at an electromagnetic wave, when the electric field is maximum going down the magnetic field is maximum going to the right. If you keep the electric wave going down, is there any way to flip the magnetic 180 degrees to the left, e.g. with an antimatter domain or supersymmetry (or something other than going backwards in time)? Why does the magnetic go to the right instead of the left when the electric goes down? Does it have anything to do with why there is more matter than antimatter, like for instance the handedness of electromagnetic waves as we know them destabilizes (tears apart) antimatter handedness more easily than ordinary matter handedness? Does the electric drive the magnetic or does the magnetic drive the electric? Or are they both dependent on another third-factor determinant driving factor?
Hi Brian, in a next speech could you, please, explain and give your opinion about this study: "C. Goyon et al., “Slow and fast light in plasma using optical wave mixing,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 205001 (2021)". "Fast light". May be I am not the only one who feels puzzled. Thanks and best regards. N.G.
If galaxies are moving apart at a higher rate more recently then why aren’t the galaxies closest to us, and thus more recent light, the more red-shifted ones rather than the more distant ones as Hubble noted?
one thing i dont get. if something, a part of it falls into a black hole, and the other part being flung away. then for me it sounds like the black hole grows with the part that fell into the black hole. it does not sound like it vaporises.
One more thing enjoyed Your Book "Elegant Universe", I consider it, as almost a text at my level Physics 114 completed. Acquired "Intro. to Modern Cosmology", Andrew Liddle etext.
This aged very poorly going all haywire on the flue scam. When the next one comes, please keep it out of WSF because it has nothing to do with science, except it's pseudo science. Apart from that, great job as always - Really enjoy these videos - You guys always make it interesting. Blessings
Hearing Brian Schmidt speak makes me think: the era of solitary geniuses, like Einstein, Galileo, Newton has come to an end. Real progress in science from now on is gonna be achieved by big teams of scientists, comprising several specialities.
Einstein didn't say he "acted like a donkey". While there is "Esel" (= donkey) in the word Eselei, the meaning of the word is something like a "silly act or action". No donkeys involved ;)
You make me wonder what none sentient life would be. And if by sentient they mean conscious. If you identify with the body and think the body has consciousness then you are vicariously living through the body and experience the ups and down of the body as your own. Like people who identify with there football team experience the uo and down of there team as there own. Nothing wrong with that. But what happens when you remain as you are. You are conscious of all you perceive. So you could not be any of the things you perceive. What you perceive changes. You do not change. You are self aware. You are consciousness and in you appears your body. (When i say consciousness i do not mean the concept of consciousness as that concept arise in the mind. I mean the fact that you are conscious. ) 2 different perspective. It's a game changer.
As an addition to the question of aging photons #1:38:30 Has anyone looked into constraints on three-photon scattering? This would require a non-abelian gauge theory, and is that even possible?
It is possible in string theory (but so is everything, just add an extra two or three extra dimensions) but not in the physics we know to date. I believe Herman Kampf at CIT in Cologne looked into it and found many (pardon the pun) holes in the hypothesis.
Being has a tendency to 'return' to clusters ='the nature of solidarity' -a desire for empathy -(Wave)-(yin) and also, Being has a tendency to 'exist' as individuals ='the nature of self-expension' -a desire for breed-(Particle)-(Yang) Likewise, humans have two elements. We must realize that we all have both left and right elements =Solidarity and Self reliance No one has only one element. so 'Sum' derived from 'two poles' , (thesis, antithesis, synthesis) To develop intellect and ethics by harmonizing the two, It is good to realize it and balance it properly But A few people polarized the crowd(political partisanship) without balancing themselves. And They stole only the sum, only the synthesis from the triangle composition.
I stay tuned because I aim to glean true information about the things that ACTUALLY matter. Which is communicated clear, and concise. The format in which this information is conveyed is irrelevant. Thank you for being professional, and attempting to discern known and unknown for us all to evaluate, objectively/subjectively.
Neuroscience, cosmology, physics and the beginning of the universe, esoterism, aliens and apparitions, scientific spiritism and so forth are interesting themes.🥵
science isn't a drama... science is a pursuit of unity for all. its the flaw of capitalism and socialism.... science is about who is the most creative and the best guide of nature, and communication. physics, math, language is about open and understanding for all. learning is fun because there's always a new way to communicate.
Great interview Brians. So interesting to hear the background story to the discovery of the expanding universe. I think Adam Reiss also said he was worried that it could be a career ending moment.
The billion sun black hole is supposed to be rotating close to the speed of light. Alexa told me! Are the striations fractal and a result of frame dragging? The magnetic field should be braiding makes you wonder if Majorana particles are involved at the poles. Space time itself is being pulled past the Schwarzschild boundary after looking at the contents of a proton. The proton is filled with a sea of virtual and real particles resulting from the non zero energy of space. Planck's length is slowly changing and with that so is the vacuum energy. Isn't a change in vacuum energy in a black hole or in space generating +gravity? A singularity can't happen past a larger than a Planck volume of space without -gravity switching its sign. What a ticking time bomb! Any readers thoughts?
Brian Greene is a wonderful person in his ability not only to make a difficult subject easier to understand but to make the subject wholly enjoyable. I wish there were more like him around. Ray.
Hats off for Brian Greene (specially) and WSF team for these wonderful talks. It is really wonderful to be able to watch these conversations and a whole bunch of science related topics being discussed. Really thanks.
So cool. Anton Petrov was talking about that polarized black hole.
If the big bang is an implosion like a cosmic black hole/white hole, then dark energy is just gravity seen from the point of view of inside the black hole.
illustration: take a rubber membrane to simulate space time. Apply a vacuum cleaner hose to simulate a quantum fluctuation and a black hole.
The vacuum generates a balloon. 🎈
From the outside, it illustrates gravity pulling on space time.
From the inside surface of the balloon, it illustrates dark energy expanding space time.
Obviously, both are caused by local energy differential in the vacuum, also known as quantum fluctuations at different scale.
At small scale the local energy differential generates a flow (same process as Hawking radiation) where virtual particle are separated.
Just like the waves of the sea separates sand on the beach according to weight and size.
That flow at larger scale is calked cosmic web.
Good news: The univers can do that forever.
Enjoy.
Subtle consequences: the big bang is happening now. In your mind 😋
Professor Brian Greene shouldve been the real Nobel Laureate Physicist of all Time.. Professor Brian Greene , if we start collaborating now, we shall share the next Nobel prize, guaranteed. Love Brian Greene
Great discussion on a number of topics along with a nice oral history on the dynamics of the development of space expansion . Dr. Greene is a terrific and well-balanced moderator.
That truly was a fantastic conversation. Thank you both to the 2 Brians and the WSF team.
It was great👍
Thanks a lot Brian Greene and Brian Schmidt. Perfect content.
It's so great to hear from Brian Schmidt. Thanks WSF!
Hoping someday I really come here after getting my PHD in Astrophysics (maybe after 10 years) and acknowledge the awesomeness lying here . Both are role models for me and having known about Prof. Brian Schmidt and his Astro journey in life .... thats enough interesting and priceless to me. Sorry , I am unable to explain in words.
Yes but they could be very wrong. Professor Subir Sarkar at Oxford university has cast major doubt on the Dark Energy hypothesis. In fact, the evidence for Dark Energy is faulty and highly suspect.
People like Brian Schmidt are my rock stars. Great conversation.
I listen to this as I go to bed. I live in a "red" area where "book learnin' " is NOT appreciated! This gives me hope for mankind
Is it possible for the WSF video editors to adjust the audio levels so that both speakers’ volumes match? Mr Schmidt sounds several db louder.
We know it is possible, but will they do it 😂😂
A wonderful discussion, and so nice not to have irritating advert breaks! I loved the policy analysis - I wish the science and academic community here in the UK would discuss what's happening with policy but they seem to be silenced.
Its called Brexit, the UK no longer has a policy regarding science, the UK has no need of experts, remember....
@@rorykeegan1895 You are so right! We desperately need a written constitution - that's a major difference between us and the USA.
I never thought of neutrinos possibly being in a medium so dense that they could be responsible (at least partially if not essentially fully), for blowing that medium apart. Wow! The physics of supernovae are truly remarkable.
Intriguing introduction, Dr. Brian Green! Thank you for the interesting interview!
Bye KNOWLEDGES. Nobody with no safe/deal guarantee contract forever doesnt deserve anything good things. Still playing with me idiots? U cant ☺
@@user-dq6gu1hy2y what the hell r u talking about
I can’t wait for more updates on these phenomenal theories! I’m jealous of the astrophysicist Brian mentioned from the year 100,000,002,021.
The weather *is* complicated: Consider that to predict precipitation you have to follow three phases of water, various forms of ice moving in a 10 km high column at speeds between 5 and 20 m/s vertically with temperatures between 180 and 300 K.
Brian
That end was fantastic
Signing off !!!!
Finally an updates in three month. Thank you Dr Greene.
I was pleasantly surprised when I heard you were born in Montana (Brian Schmidt), which is my home state. Congratulations on the Noble Prize!
Please sort out audio levels! Very difficult listening on earbuds.
@World Science Festival, great guest and conversation with my daughter's neighbor in Canberra. @ANU is an incredible university at educating our youth and us older people too. I think this is a better use of human resources than the " Problem of the Day". 😃
Gotta love the way that Brian Greene orchestrates these interviews and p[anel discussions! Getting the "emotion" out of Dr./Professor Brian Schmidt was kind of like pulling teeth. 🤣 But he got his response.
Thank you, I respect u sir’s happy Father’s Day both of you
Amazing that none of them were harmed! This is one of the craziest things I've seen in awhile.
Please do stream it in June or at least please upload the videos after the event on this channel. Thanks!
Very enjoyable. Held my interest through the whole interview (not easily achieved !)
Thanks
Well mick, ur question on "10 years no findings" was spot on. Having no data for 10 years would not shut the question down.
Much pleasure to listen this man.
Loved this latest episode! Huge fan of the both of you
Very good conversation. I have to look up various terms to understand better. Any new discoveries on Neuroscience, cosmology, physics and the beginning of the universe, esoterism, aliens and apparitions, scientific spiritism and so forth are interesting themes.
Thanks for introducing very eminent personalities and creating conditions for a layman to have access with them. When you are discussing with him at one point of time he told that he will not subscribe to the idea of Big Bang singularity. What he intended to say on this point.please elaborate on this point if you find time.
Actual topic starts at 31:30. And a super interesting discussion for sure.
Great conversation though that I get again a few pieces of the puzzle for my picture of the whole. Thank You!
Read The fabric of the cosmos and The Elegant Universe, you should get a glimpse of what you are looking for.. String Theory will, one day, win over all other theories.. Professor Brian Greene is the expert in String Theory, the universe is truly complex, things today change tomorrow early morning, as a Pure Mathematician myself, i follow my Professor, Professor Brian Greene, My hero
How humble of them!!!!
The results suggest there is a high probability there is the existence of other universes beyond the reach of our own universe that exhibit gravity and are pulling our own universe apart and are accelerating its demise as the effect progresses. We need to know how fast the acceleration apart is between the centers of each of the galaxies is so an estimate of the forces pulling ours part can be made.
Brian Schmidt should have kept his mouth shut about Covid and how Australia didn’t want to go down the road the US did. It’s pathetic when someone who supposed to be smart and honored doesn’t realize that you shouldn’t be talking about things you don’t know or have any control over. I don’t need to criticize the way Australia handled Covid because they did what they thought was best thing for them. So did the US and last thing we need is some scientist in Australia criticizing how we do things. Do us all a favor and worry about your own business.
As a spherical pattern could be however it's an object in space with a center of gravity or even a sphere in mathematics,the distribution of all the points from this object seems to be equiproblable.Talking about a laser or a photon,a neutrino has the same properties for example.
i think editing out the first 35 minuets of this interview would be a very good and wise move
Why?
@@wokeaf2435 because it’s as dull as dish water.
Why doesn't the video have a release date?
Wonderful and interesting conversation! I'm watching the his just down the road from Brian Schmidt at ANU in Canberra.
Volumes are off
Thank you the doctor brian green ❤
I was reading an article on the observation of an intermediate black hole consuming a star, and how gravitational waves would ripple out. Within a galaxy, there would be numerous events creating ripples , and so we'd expect waves generally to move outwards from galaxies (assuming there would be some degree of both constructive and destructive interference, but that generally the waves would not cancel out), then surely this would exert and outward force that would push neighbouring galaxies away. And could some sort of gravitational wave resonance account for a part of dark matter, holding galaxies together for faster rotation?
Sort of like how salt poured onto a surface with sound frequencies arranges itself in clumps and patterns, similar to star in galaxies and galaxy clusters. "Gravitational resonance" of sorts....
EM Design and Drafting CAD Career took a positive turn. I'm going to stay in tech. Study Engineering Physics evenings hopefully to post grad. levels. Good base of info. for Engineering work I was gearing for Scientific Equipment Designer but landed Aerospace much better. I need more Physics that for sure.
I believe I have an insight into our shared reality, as we all do. It'll be interesting to see what happens when we either transcend our corporeal vessels, or seep away into equilibrium.
Brian how long we must wait for new espisode of Festival? xd
Mac
Ask. If f t
Ga
To understand the universe/reality, we first need to be able to perceive, and then understand each and every aspect of it.
Yet, I have mentioned a trajectory called "the cycloïd" wich is a faster way to get from one point to another one(gravitation)than the straight line(from A to B) with an angle of 45 degrees. (mathematics). It's interesting when you think about trigonometry and singular patterns.
Excellent information 👍🐨
Great History Lesson👍
Have a great day brian
This week scientists measured the affect of gravity on quantum particles -a point Brian Schmidt was in a way alluding to when he said (paraphrasing) he believed gravity had a role even at the level of forces at the sub-atomic level.
I love your work Brian. Keep seeking the truth and please keeping an open mind about intelligent design
O
Great discussion!
This Was a Very Interesting and Informative Session, Got to learn a lot of new ideas........Loved it!!!👏👏🙌👍
I absolutely love your intellect and I have been a HUGE fan for 23 years...
"if it was dark you couldn't see it.. so we made it smokey white." 🤣 Yep. Thanks for waking me up with that buddy.
Why has WSF not posted any new content the past few months? 😢
Hi Brian, I have enjoyed watching numerous, if not most of the episodes you’ve produced and am just curious what kind of microphone do you use for these? Thanks, Glenn
01:22:41 wow! I fiercely defend the fact that
"I don't know and I don't care"
If you accept the Everettian interpretation of qft, you'd expect a cascading effect (speeding up of the expansion) a realities "branch" over spacetime... Especially when you realize that gravity is multidimensional and spread across correlated realities (which explains why gravity is so weak at the quantum and local scale but "dark matter" effects are more noticeable at cosmic scales of space and mass.) it will likely explain the anomalies that have caused so much recent doubt about the near completeness of the standard model. Once physicists start factoring in the implications of the Everettian interpretation, these problems will be easily resolved.
Great conversation thank you very much
How do we see thru the matter of the galaxy to observe something that we cannot see; to measure super small variations in temperature? It’s kinda like taking a thermal imager and reading Bob’s temperature thru the glass window of Alice’s house.
And their competitiveness, intrications,unicity.
As much as I admire physicists and mathematicians, they are not without ego. My criticism is only that their motives are hidden and often they imply how joyous they would be to find that decades of work would be found wasted. Not wasted to them - mere mortals would be devastated but no, they are above such concerns. Their audience is intelligent and less easily fooled. They do often try to imply that their only interest is in discovering truth. But I feel that as a group, they are more honest than almost all. Nerdy engineers may be more honest, but one would never know ;).
Thanks
Yes im here
WONDERFUL TALK,AS ALWAYS. JUST 1 QUESTION WHA
Why does molecular gas spread apart (diffuse) so rapidly in all directions in the vacuum of space?
Probably the same reason why a cup of marble spills everywhere when you pure it on the ground. They bounce on each other.
Now if the ground is not flat the marbles will gather there like with gravity.
Did I answer your question?
The diffusion rate depends on the temperature of the gas. The average velocity of a molecule in a gas is proportional to the square root of the absolute temperature of the gas. For a cloud of gas in a vacuum, nothing opposes the outermost layer of molecules from expanding outward.
@@zenbum2654 Ah yes, thus the reason I posed my question is; Why aren't rocket bells 30, 40 or 50 times their size in order to maximize ejected gas thrust forces in a given vector? One might say "Because the required weight of large rocket bells would exempt their efficiency to deliver a payload and be much too large to launch through the atmosphere." And my reply would be; "I have a solution for that as well."
@@AurelienCarnoy My question was more for the purpose of premise-making than it was for understanding. I do understand why gases expand in space. I was hoping to lay a framework for the next question.
@@merlepatterson Ok, I understand now. You're designing rockets to compete with SpaceX. When you get them working safely I'd like a free trip into orbit please. 🤓
Brian please turn up your mic
I do not believe that in the distant future, Stars and galaxies will be to far away to see. But because of star formation and creation of new galaxies, there will never be an empty space.
Dr. Green, I don't understand why a Dark Energy Force is necessary in the Standard Cosmological Model. Accelerated expansion under the Newtons 2nd Law would speed up. I find anything with constant velocity motion would be inconsistent with EF=ma. I mean except for things affected by gravity. Does there have to be Dark Energy in the Standard Model ? What does a model look like if we eliminate Dark Energy and just call it acceleration ? Everybody is asking what's pushing things from an explosion in the void to speed up when there is nothing to slow it down except that one time (sort of like an inductor afterwards keeping a current constant). It seems it would do that naturally to me f/ the initial expansion speed up in the void f/ a previous force. What if there's no Dark Energy at all ?
1) If photons have no mass, why do they bend in their trajectory as they go past a large mass like the sun, for instance the precessional change of Mercury's orbit. So on Earth we see Mercury appearing around the horizon of the sun artificially sooner than it should? If there is no mass there, what is the gravitational force grabbing?
(2) If I take my rocket into a black hole and land on a singularity, suppose I get out a flashlight and put the base of the flashlight on the singularity. I point the flashlight toward the event horizon at straight up = north or 12 o'clock, and I turn it on. The photons can't escape because there is too much gravity. That means they have to slow down. But photons can't go slower than the speed of light because the speed of light is constant. So what happens to the photons between the singularity and the event horizon if I try to point my flashlight away from the singularity?
(3) What is going on inside an electron with its internal structure such that something spins one direction to generate in the outside world what we label as "negative charge" but something spins the other way to cause what we describe as "positive charge" if it were a positron? Ditto for positive charge in protons and negative charge in antiprotons.
(4) If a neutron is inside a nucleus, it has a half life of billions of years. But if the neutron is by itself in free space, it has a half-life of about 400 seconds.
(a) Why stable inside a nucleus, even for tiny deuterium or tritium, but unstable outside a nucleus?
The neutron decays into a proton plus an electron plus an anti-matter neutrino.
(b) How can an anti-matter neutrino exist inside an ordinary matter neutron back when the neutron existed as a neutron? Or if it was there in another form as a proto-antimatter neutrino, what form was it in?
(5) If high energy gamma rays collide, they can condense into matter. Can all forms of matter form in this way, for instance how about neutrinos or Higgs Bosons-- do they form from Big Bang level collisions of gamma rays?
(6) Where can I park my spaceship so that if I look in one direction I will see a panorama of billions of stars and galaxies, but if I turn around 180 degrees there is nothing to see because the universe hasn't expanded there yet? There are places the universe hasn't expanded to yet, so there have to be vast numbers of places (or a large outer surface) where such sights could be seen. Or, to mix questions, could it be the edge of the universe is where it goes down the drain to the center of black holes which is why you can't see anything there?
(7) If time happens more slowly at the center of the earth, how can there be a blue shift of light at the center of the earth? With a blue shift, the electromagnetic waves happen with greater frequency which means the waves are moving [perpendicular to the direction of propagation] more quickly. The tick-tock of light's electromagnetic pulsations is happening more quickly with the higher energy of blue light. If more gravity means blue shift and faster pulsations, then denser gravity means time's events happen more quickly, not more slowly.
(8) For the paradox of a stationary twin and a twin in a rocket at 99% the speed of light. from the point of reference of the twin in a rocket the twin in a rocket is stationary and the other twin is, in comparison, moving away at nearly the speed of light. So why does the one age and the other not? It must be that the one that stays young stays young because it is having kinetic energy added to its system. Or perhaps moving relative to a HIggs field slows down time. Or maybe something else. How would kinetic energy slow down time, or how would a moving Higgs field slow down time? If time slows down at the center of the earth, how is it that more gravitational force slows down time? Is there an interactional commonality among kinetic energy, Higgs field, and gravity?
(9) A ray of light is not travelling in a straight line, because it is always influenced to some extent by gravity from some mass somewhere in the universe. Particles are made from condensed gamma rays, and so do not have exact stable surfaces but rather only the turmoil of thrashing electromagnetic fields. The surface of the purest cystal is actually at the micro-micro level not a plane but rather an approximate surface of condensed energy pulsations or string pulsations, and the edge of a crystal is not a straight line but rather only a wiggling approximate line. Simple integers are absolutes, while in nature there are no absolute straight lines or true planes or absolute flat surfaces. Since integers have absolute magnitudes aka defined boundaries but light and matter do not, why should we think numbers are accurate at the ultimate micro-micro level for describing physical phenomena?
(10) If an entire galaxy were made out of antimatter, how would be know from this far away that it wasn't made of ordinary matter?
(11) If you look at an electromagnetic wave, when the electric field is maximum going down the magnetic field is maximum going to the right. If you keep the electric wave going down, is there any way to flip the magnetic 180 degrees to the left, e.g. with an antimatter domain or supersymmetry (or something other than going backwards in time)? Why does the magnetic go to the right instead of the left when the electric goes down? Does it have anything to do with why there is more matter than antimatter, like for instance the handedness of electromagnetic waves as we know them destabilizes (tears apart) antimatter handedness more easily than ordinary matter handedness? Does the electric drive the magnetic or does the magnetic drive the electric? Or are they both dependent on another third-factor determinant driving factor?
One of the better talks!!!! Great! Thx
And the trigonometric circle, btw. Thanks, it was very interesting.
brian is certainly a plain talker refreshing in a way
Hi Brian, in a next speech could you, please, explain and give your opinion about this study: "C. Goyon et al., “Slow and fast light in plasma using optical wave mixing,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 126, 205001 (2021)". "Fast light". May be I am not the only one who feels puzzled. Thanks and best regards. N.G.
Some 10 years ago I heard about the rindler force derived by Grumiller. Is that still a thing?
From what I can tell, the Rindler force was inspired by the Pioneer anomaly, which has since been resolved with thermodynamics.
If galaxies are moving apart at a higher rate more recently then why aren’t the galaxies closest to us, and thus more recent light, the more red-shifted ones rather than the more distant ones as Hubble noted?
one thing i dont get. if something, a part of it falls into a black hole, and the other part being flung away. then for me it sounds like the black hole grows with the part that fell into the black hole. it does not sound like it vaporises.
One more thing enjoyed Your Book "Elegant Universe", I consider it, as almost a text at my level Physics 114 completed. Acquired "Intro. to Modern Cosmology", Andrew Liddle etext.
This aged very poorly going all haywire on the flue scam. When the next one comes, please keep it out of WSF because it has nothing to do with science, except it's pseudo science.
Apart from that, great job as always - Really enjoy these videos - You guys always make it interesting.
Blessings
Hearing Brian Schmidt speak makes me think: the era of solitary geniuses, like Einstein, Galileo, Newton has come to an end. Real progress in science from now on is gonna be achieved by big teams of scientists, comprising several specialities.
The best video from BRIAN
Brian's daily reading quota in the background there😁
Einstein didn't say he "acted like a donkey". While there is "Esel" (= donkey) in the word Eselei, the meaning of the word is something like a "silly act or action". No donkeys involved ;)
If there is any sentient life in the universe in a trillion years from now; who knows what will be possible by then.
You make me wonder what none sentient life would be.
And if by sentient they mean conscious.
If you identify with the body and think the body has consciousness then you are vicariously living through the body and experience the ups and down of the body as your own. Like people who identify with there football team experience the uo and down of there team as there own.
Nothing wrong with that.
But what happens when you remain as you are. You are conscious of all you perceive. So you could not be any of the things you perceive. What you perceive changes. You do not change. You are self aware. You are consciousness and in you appears your body.
(When i say consciousness i do not mean the concept of consciousness as that concept arise in the mind. I mean the fact that you are conscious. )
2 different perspective.
It's a game changer.
Aurélien Carnoy - thanks so much for the clarification. I was confused. 🤪
As an addition to the question of aging photons #1:38:30
Has anyone looked into constraints on three-photon scattering?
This would require a non-abelian gauge theory, and is that even possible?
It is possible in string theory (but so is everything, just add an extra two or three extra dimensions) but not in the physics we know to date. I believe Herman Kampf at CIT in Cologne looked into it and found many (pardon the pun) holes in the hypothesis.
Being has a tendency to 'return' to clusters
='the nature of solidarity' -a desire for empathy -(Wave)-(yin)
and also,
Being has a tendency to 'exist' as individuals
='the nature of self-expension' -a desire for breed-(Particle)-(Yang)
Likewise, humans have two elements.
We must realize that we all have both left and right elements
=Solidarity and Self reliance
No one has only one element.
so 'Sum' derived from 'two poles' , (thesis, antithesis, synthesis)
To develop intellect and ethics by harmonizing the two,
It is good to realize it and balance it properly
But A few people polarized the crowd(political partisanship)
without balancing themselves.
And They stole only the sum, only the synthesis from the triangle composition.
Fascinated, already, but my ADD, kicked in too! BG, lose the t-shirt; collar is frayed, or be like me and keep it and get your money’s worth!! 🤣🤣🤣
He's at home. For all we know, he may not even be wearing pants. :P
I stay tuned because I aim to glean true information about the things that ACTUALLY matter. Which is communicated clear, and concise. The format in which this information is conveyed is irrelevant. Thank you for being professional, and attempting to discern known and unknown for us all to evaluate, objectively/subjectively.
Neuroscience, cosmology, physics and the beginning of the universe, esoterism, aliens and apparitions, scientific spiritism and so forth are interesting themes.🥵
Por favor pongan subtítulos. Gracias .
science isn't a drama... science is a pursuit of unity for all. its the flaw of capitalism and socialism.... science is about who is the most creative and the best guide of nature, and communication. physics, math, language is about open and understanding for all. learning is fun because there's always a new way to communicate.
I'm not chasing the volume...
Great interview Brians. So interesting to hear the background story to the discovery of the expanding universe. I think Adam Reiss also said he was worried that it could be a career ending moment.
Hey geniuses! Set your microphone output to the same volume level % output!! One of you is loud as hell and the other nearly mute.
Lil more respect plz.
I don't have that problem.
A. I am deaf
B. I don't have stereo
C. My expectations meet reality
D. I am kind to the part of me thst is inadequate.
The billion sun black hole is supposed to be rotating close to the speed of light. Alexa told me! Are the striations fractal and a result of frame dragging? The magnetic field should be braiding makes you wonder if Majorana particles are involved at the poles. Space time itself is being pulled past the Schwarzschild boundary after looking at the contents of a proton. The proton is filled with a sea of virtual and real particles resulting from the non zero energy of space. Planck's length is slowly changing and with that so is the vacuum energy. Isn't a change in vacuum energy in a black hole or in space generating +gravity? A singularity can't happen past a larger than a Planck volume of space without -gravity switching its sign. What a ticking time bomb! Any readers thoughts?