The quote supposedly from Jäger is actually from an essay by George Metcalf, “The Indo-European Hypothesis in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries”, on p. 233 of _Studies in the History of Linguistics_ (1974). The quote is verbatim from Metcalf’s article, which he states is “the summary of a public lecture delivered in 1686 in Wittenberg, Germany (and published there that same year), by one Andreas Jäger.” The quote itself is not from Jäger’s book, _De Lingua Vetustisima Europae_ (1686), but is rather Metcalf’s summary of the first chapter of the book, which includes references to the Caucasus (p. 7), the lack of linguistic monuments (“desunt monumenta”, p. 15), and the mother and daughter languages (p. 17). Notably, Jäger came to his conclusions by surmising that since Noah’s ark landed in the Caucasus mountains, and Noah’s son Japheth was the progenitor of all non-Semitic and non-Black people, all the languages of his descendants would naturally have derived from that area. It’s silly in a way, but not entirely, since the myth itself may represent an ancestral connection to the region. Jäger’s argument is mostly religious and not systematic, but he was clearly a perceptive fellow who grasped the basic idea of the evolution of Indo-European languages from a common ancestor. Jäger’s book is a quick read and it’s available on google books.
I checked and you are indeed correct. For some reason, Campbell, who I used as the source, directly attributed the quote to Jäger and only claimed that it was cited by Metcalf. Thanks for letting me know, I will pin this comment.
@@Indo-EuropeanOfficial I thought I should look into this further. Jäger's dissertation was reprinted in India nine years ago and a copy is on sale on eBay for 55 pounds. Metcalf's interpretation was challenged in 2008 by John Considine, who claimed that while Jäger was the defender of the thesis (for the degree of Magister), the scholar who presided over the disputation, Georg Caspar Kirchmaier, might have been the joint or even the sole author. Unfortunately to download his article in Historiographia Linguistica would cost 35 dollars.
I'm a professional linguist and have taught the story of William Jones dozens of times to undergraduates. Yet I find the 1686 quote by Andreas Jäger astounding: he perceived the outlines, origins, and migrations of the Indo-European family - as well as, even more impressively, the mechanism of language change and differentiation - far more astutely than William Jones, and did it a full century earlier. His quote could easily be from a linguist working today. I'm shocked that, to my recollection, I have never seen mention of Andreas Jäger or his quote in any introductory linguistics text, even ones focused on historical linguistics. I'll be adding it to my curriculum immediately :) Thank you for sharing this fascinating history!
It seems time has forgotten Andreas Jäger. Wikipedia has an article about him only in Italian Catalan and Galician. Time hasn't been kind with him unfortunately
Looks to me like he was the Tesla of linguistics. No doubt if his work was published, interest in Oriental vernaculars would have soared much more earlier than had happened.
A not-so-fun fact I could find about him is that when his views were rejected by the Scientific Community he resigned and became a pastor instead. He came, gave the world an extremely advanced form of the theory, was sidelined, and then became a pastor.
When I was a kid, I learned a bunch of German words and deduced that German must be descended from the same family as English. I told my Dad my theory and he told me that it was dumb and probably not true 😂
Isn't it common knowledge that English and German are related? EDIT: Just to clarify, I only blame the father for not knowing this. The child not knowing this is not only understandable but to be expected.
Growing up as a Serbian kid interested in languages I had two huge eureka moments. The first came about when I met a Slovak kid on vacation and we figured out that if we spoke slowly we could understand each other. That was a trip. But nothing compared to what I felt when I kinda figured out Italian. We listened to a whole lot of Italian music in the car and me and my brother just kinda picked up the words from rote repetition. We figured out we could sorta rearrange them and make sentences that still made sense. Obviously we made a bunch of mistakes but that’s besides the point. Anyway my father noticed and asked us to explain how we figured it out. And we just intuitively began using analogies with Serbian. At some point it just clicked how easy it was to explain it like that. I literally got chills and I knew I had figured something out. When I got a computer and internet the first thing I ever searched on google was the serbian connection to Italian. I fell into the rabbit hole and never looked back.
My own eureka moment was when I heard the word surga in Indonesian - which means heaven and is related to the Slavic god Svarog! And I heard it with my own ears as opposed to reading the info! - Adûnâi
@@Samsung-1.9Cu.Ft.Microwave Metatron (Italian youtuber) posted a video on the similarities between Romanian and Italian and it's interesting there are instances when he can understand the whole sentence and then there are instances where he can't understand a single word
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz did much more than that. He was the first person to describe motion in terms of energy. Though it must be noted that he did not call the physical quantity "energy", he called it "living force". He is considered one of the most important philosophers ever. He also had interest in psychology. He wrote volumes on politics, history and other social sciences. He was also an important scholar of Chinese civilisation. He believed time to be relative more than 2 centuries before Einstein. He was a diplomat. Truly, one of the greatest geniuses of all time
There were a number of very interesting polymaths at that time. Kant is best known as a philosopher, but also did some contributions to astronomy. Goethe is the most famous German playwright and novelist, but he was also researching geology, optics, and evolution.
Currently learning persian. I told my parents and my father said it is a dialect of Arabic. I told him flatly no, it is more closely related to English than Arabic. He got annoyed and said "I guess my tour of the persian gulf means nothing then?"😅
The old persian words and structures similarity to European languages are very obvious and easy to notice, but due to Islamization of Persia, and Iranians converting to Islam, so many Arabic found their way into persian, and made these two structurally different languages similar to each other.
@@elsurvivor9153 I'm not disputing that, but it is an Indo-European language, not semitic like arabic. The core structure and vocabulary is non arabic.
Turkish apparently went through a period of ethnic cleansing after the loss of the Ottoman Empire, just as Turkey itself did. Scrapping the old script must have distanced Turkish readers from Arabic and Persian, as adopting first Latin and then Cyrillic scripts would have done to the related Central Asian tongues. Hindi and Urdu underwent similar processes after India and Pakistan were carved out of British India, so that Arabic and Persian elements were discouraged in Hindi and promoted in Urdu. I wonder if something similar will happen to Serbian and Croatian now that Yugoslavia is no more, with Serbs being encouraged to Russify while Croats anglicise? In the 20th century school teachers were able to influence young people's vocabulary to a degree that is no longer possible given how pervasive the internet has become. That place has been taken by those who market "popular culture" to us.
The person who saw a connection between Farsi and German and related it to the Scythians was so brilliant. It was such a precise guess! I'm genuinely impressed.
What amazes me is that Persian demonstrates cognate similarities both to Germanic and Romance languages such as Infinitive both with the suffixes*an and * ar ( Germanic *en , Latin *ar ) Ke, Ku , Kodam, Ki (= Que , Quo , Quodam, Qui in Latin ), Chera ( Quare in Latin ) , Che , Chi , Chun ( Cum in Latin ), Pour ( Puer in Latin ) but Doxtar cognate to Daughter / Tochter in Germanic , ra / re ( re in Latin ) Dast ( Dexter in Latin), Mard ( = Mar in Latin ), Beh ( Bea in Latin ) but Bad in Persian = Bad / Bose in Germanic, Kar ( Guer in Latin ), Pas ( Pax in Latin ), Prefix * Dosh- ( Dis- in Latin) ... , Abrouw ( Eybrow in English ), Nist ( nicht , niet , ...), Budan ( to be), am ( am in English ), Abar ( Uber in Germanic ), the Prefix Fer-/ Far- ( Ver- in Germanic ) , prefix Be- coincide with that of Germanic languages , Prefix Ge-/ geo - ( Germanic Ge-) , Az ( Aus in Germanic ), *Dan - ( *Den - in Germanik = think , know ) the comparatives with ¡tar (-or in Latin, er in Germanic, Behtar ( Better in English ), the negative " Ich" ( modern Persian Hich ) = ikke / ekke in Scandinavian languages , Ja/ Gah ( Geo in Greek ) ...and many many more .
There is a verse in the Rg Veda that speaks of Dasharajanya (or the war of ten kings) where it's mentioned that one of the tribes that lost the war, "Parashua" (which means, a battle axe in Samskrita) was exiled to the "west". "Parashua" sounds oddly similar to Parsa, as the Persians themselves referred to their land. It is also curious how Avestan or old Persian sounds remarkably similar to Samskrita. There is also a Rg Vedic diety called "Dyush Pitr" which sounds remarkably similar to "Deus Patr" or "Jupiter"
from what I've heard the persian gathas also say that they came from a place called Sapta Sindhu - the rig-vedic motherland. If both of our histories agree why are we waiting for western seal of approval?
@@AKumar-co7oe I have two parsi cousins and when I attended their navjot ceremonies, I was surprised to hear words like "Ayushmaan" and "Rakt" in their chants; the navjot ceremony itself is curiously similiar to the thread ceremony done by young boys in India
Battle of the ten kings is dāśarajna-yuddha or दाशराज्ञयुद्ध or simply dāśarajnam (note दाश rather than दश for "ten" because it is a vriddhi form of ten-kings to mean "of the ten kings") which tells of King Sudās, king of Bharatas, aided by Indra who defeats the coalition of ten Aryan kings. There are two Sanskrit words that could be related to the Old Persian word "pārsa" for Persia or Persians: paraśu (परशु) means tree cutter's axe, parśu (पर्शु) meant "rib-bone" (later also meant sickle, possibly being a variant of परशु). The warrior tribe described in the Rc is always referred using the plural form of parśu which is parśavas (पर्शवः). Note however, the Rigveda does not describe history, it is primarily a philosophical text, and these parśavas are maybe not actually referring to Persians or their ancestors. However, I guess it is possible: Rigveda was composed around 1500 BCE, around the same time that Indo-Aryans split from Iranians, so they'd have memory of each other. Interestingly, hymns from Rc can be interpreted historically to imply that the kingdom of Parsu was a place where people had stopped worshipping Indra and describes an event where where its unpopular king is killed in a rebellion.
@@elborrador333just one correction from my side, the dating of Rig veda to be written in 1500BC has no evidence. The date was given by a historian named max muller who pretty much liked to distort the history of Indian sub continent
criminally small channel for such a high production value! excellent and in-depth information, you have a radio voice, you should've been using it from the beginning ;)
Great video, and thank you. I love how we can infer technology from Proto-Indo-Europeans, such as they having a word for wheel suggests that they had that technology.
There have no language like Proto-indo-european. It is just a hypothetical imaginary term, it's not reality. There have some ancient language like Anatolian Hittie, vedic Sanskrit, Greek , latin etc. in which vedic Sanskrit sounds more PIE than other because it have good connection with Russian, Lithuanian, Avestan, Greek , latin like foreign languages. That's why PIE is created with help of Sanskrit, Russian, Lithuanian , greek, latin like languages Oldest Known language of 'Indo' indian subcontinent is Vedic Sanskrit and oldest known language of Europe which is connected to Indo-European family is Greek.
@@tfan2222 Good point. I wonder if any Indo-European "Japhetite" civilization had any contact with Sumerian civilization? They probably were already around at that time.
@@Seerispure You just contradicted yourself. The literal existence of an entire family of related languages (Indo-European) by definition implies the existence of an ancestor proto-language. While we can only reconstruct PIE based on the comparative method, it's well known that such a language existed at one point (because then what did the Indo-European languages descend from?), even if we will never know what the language was truly like or what its speakers called it
@@bestcocbaseswithlink5069 no it's a fake theory. We use more sanskrit words than hindi. Plus language has nothing to do it arya. Arya is who studied hindu scripture not a fat white Christian.
@@jagatsimulation nah bro...for example your original language and culture is fundamentally different...you were conquered by indo Europeans and you were gradually hinduized... for example an average indian is more likely to understand russian,italian,spanish,celtic numerals then tamil,telegu, malayalam numerals...even genetic studies prove it
This one was very interesting. I had read some of the last ones, but I had never seen a collection of all of them, even the early ones. Great job as always.
Its funny because even today as iranic i see a lot of similarity s between iranic and Germanic languages much more than other European branches of indo - European
@@tfan2222 Germanic is closer to Latin than Indo-Iranian languages. A lot of the differences you see from Germanic compared to modern Romantic language is due to grammatical changes that occurred around the 6th-7th century.
@@minutemansam1214 There's a theory that says that those differences between latin and current romance languages existed before the 6th and 7th centuries because in Europe there was a common language massively spoken before Latin and that those languages were very very very influenced by latin just like english but much more but that the inner structure of the language did not change just like english again.
5:13 This is the opening theme for the Paradox's Europa Universalis II game. It brings me lots of memories of me trying to conquer the world in the Modern period, thank you so much for including the title, I have always looked for it.
claiming that hindi and sanskrit were unrelated and that ancient mexicans and indian languages were related is baffling 😂😂 like how did he think that even happened
Jones was a judge in Calcutta (then the capital of British India) so he would have encountered Bengali in the streets, Sanskrit among priests and learned men and Hindi among soldiers and servants from other parts of North India. The kind of Hindi he heard would have had a lot of Arabic vocabulary and not much Persian or Sanskrit. The complex grammar of Classical and Vedic Sanskrit was not part of the northern lingua franca.
Huwyte supermarket back then. They're not intimidated by Mexicans and their "achievements" but they were always jealous of Indians. 😂. Helena Blavatsky and Co always went to India for knowledge. Literally nowhere else
Iran is in a really great place, with mountains in the west and east, sea in the south and Desert in the north. Only a really tough empire or outstanding steppe warlord can conquer such a region. It's not like Russia where it's all open until the Urals.
I work at University College Oxford, where William Jones studied. The relief seen at 15:16 is actually inside our college chapel, and his portrait is in our dining hall. Thanks for this video!
@@amaduck2132 Finnish is part of the fenno-ugric family, most of the languages are really small, hungarian being the most prominent. The structure and grammar is quite different from other language groups. Lot of borrowed words from Swedish and Russian, naturally. Our claim to fame is Tolkien taking ideas from Finnish for creating the High Elven language.
@@SpartacusSPQ Ugric languages are a Turkic dialect. And etruscans were also a Turkic language. We span whole europe and asia. Some difference is normal but it does not change the fact that they are all coming from same origin.
I absolutely love your channel. I really do hope you continue with your content, it's really helped publicise the "mystique" of Linguistics; not only that but you've licensed it for public use which I have huge respect for!
What a fascinating, well edited and well marrated piece of edutainment. I am excited to see more of this linguistic/philological type content and information. Fantasticly done
Thanks for making this video about the historic of linguistic science. You've made it that much easier for me to go back and find the original sources for it.
A really great new channel, subscribed! My own eureka moment was when I heard the word surga in Indonesian - which means heaven and is related to the Slavic god Svarog! And I heard it with my own ears as opposed to reading the info! - Adûnâi
*_I am a kurd living in Sweden and the amount of similar words is astonishing. There is most certainly an Aryan-Germanic connection, a connection closer to that of the Indo-European connection and I believe that the scythians played a part in this._*
I've recently been very curious about how older extinct languages were discovered and rebuilt. This channel is a godsend! Please continue making videos so I don't have to read books, lol! Thank you!
That works for many languages in which the "higher" vocabulary, dealing with science, law, philosophy and theology comes from some learned language like Latin, Greek or Sanskrit. It falls down for Hindi (Hindustani) in which many of the everyday words come from Arabic, and probably led to William Jones's misapprehension that it was related to Arabic. However, it does not use Arabic grammar. It may also be the reason for some people in the past lumping English with the Romance languages. Although it has kept its Germanic grammar, vast numbers of French words were assimilated after the Norman conquest. Persian disappeared from the written record for about a century after the Arab (i.e. Muslim) conquest, and after that a lot of Arabic was incorporated along with the new script. In contrast, Jones's error about Tibetan being related to Sanskrit may have come from looking mainly at religious texts (probably the only texts available then), in which the higher vocabulary came from Sanskrit (directly or via Pali).
I've always been super interested in this subject, but I had never seen a video or an article explain the story of the indo-european languages so well. thank you so much, I'm Looking forward to your your future videos
I only knew of William Jones' contributions as you had mentioned he is the most popular but glad to have learned of the others before him. Great video and excellently produced, hoping to see many more from this channel!
I was under the impression that he was the first one to discover the connection between European languages and the languages of Persia/India because his famous quote is everywhere
Until seeing the Sanskrit "Viduva" close to the Latin "Vidua" I had never found a connection between the English "Widow" and the Portuguese "Viuva" If we pronounce the W as V "Vidov" the jump is clearer
It may be attributed to the popular scientific writing style at the time, but Hearing and reading how William Wotton's and William Jones' prose sounds, it's like I'm both listening to a mix of a Bible passage and a section of any of Charles Darwin's work. Is it just me? You can really feel in that statement the biblically prophetic and scientific discovery looming over the linguistic horizon.
They use long, complex sentences with more than one subordinate clause, which is closer to the speeches of Cicero' than to our everyday talk. Software like Microsoft Word discourages that sort of thing.
The Ottoman Turkish word Nemce for German language is borrowed from the Slavonic languages in which it originally meant "non speaking" or more descriptively "one who does not speak" - our language. The current Polish word for Germany (state or country) is Niemcy, (long ago it was Niemce) , and for a German (person, male) - Niemiec, (female) - Niemka.
Thank you for this wonderfully thorough exploration of the development of the Indo-European hypothesis. I'd heard of Jones, but not of the other linguists who preceded him.
One surprising thing I've come to learn is that Kurdish has quite a few cognates with languages in the PIE family, or at least words which are cognates to the PIE roots of words in languages like English or German or any of the Romance languages, with particularly close ties to Persian. Much of Kurdish feels like a closer median between the Indo-European and Indo-Iranian branches, e.g. proto-Iranian would have sounded most similar to modern day Kurdish. This is just an impression I get from having explored Kurdish vocabulary from my dad. I would search for those words in my knowledge of English vocabulary, and more limited knowledge of German vocabulary, and even more repressed memory of Spanish vocabulary, sometimes trying to intuit potential roots that may have more obviously common origins as the Kurdish words my dad presents. It is difficult, however, as there sadly isn't much accessible or comprehensive information on Kurdish and its etymological relations to the other PIE languages.
Imo the idea of all languages being traceable back to Hebrew doesn’t even make sense in the Bible. If after the Tower of Babel, God gave people different languages to make them not understand one another, why would he just make them different descendants of the same language? Wouldn’t it make more sense that he made them completely unrelated?
Also doesn't make sense because the whole Hebrew thing starts with Abraham to begin with. Seems like biblical illiteracy. He would've spoken some unnamed ancestor Semitic language related to Hebrew or possibly some proto-Aramaic.
That theory supposedly led Christopher Columbus to take a scholar who spoke Hebrew and Aramaic on his ship. One of the recent films shows him failing to get through to the Caribs.
So the splitting of languages is a symbol for an interconnected world. Like the phrase “we are speaking the same language” to mean we are on the same page. So the scattering of the languages is the breaking of the connection. So the tower story is speaking of the Bronze Age and its collapse not literal languages.
That comparison between Persians and Germans reminds me of that one time Germany had a football match with Iran (a modern country in which some parts of Persia was located) and most of the opposing Iranian spectators gave the _"roman"_ salute when the German national anthem was playing...
Excellent video, my one piece of feedback is that your music probably needs ducking because your VO is pretty deep! It can be a little hard to hear you at some moments. Once again though it’s very high quality otherwise.
The importance of recognizing loan words has been correctly assessed by Hjelmslev who says: "Even a language like Greek, which is considered one of the purest Indo-European languages and which plays a greater role than any other in comparative Indo-European studies, contains only a relatively small number of words that can be genetically accounted for on the basis of Indo-European. Presumably then all Greek words are borrowings from other languages, chiefly, perhaps, from non-Indo-European languages."
@14:25, maha (Sanskrit) = max (Latin) = mega (Greek). Similarly, uttama (Sanskrit) = optimo (Latin). @14:32, dyaus (Sanskrit) = theos and zeus (Greek) = dios (Latin). No, it is not a false cognate. Similarly, pitar (Sanskrit) = pater (Greek). So, Dyaus-Pitar (Sanskrit) = Theos-Pater (Greek) = Jupiter. So, *Jupiter Optimus Maximus* (Latin) could be translated as *Dyaus-Pitar Uttama Mahamaya* (Sanskrit).
Absolutely amazing. Now make a seires of new channels named after language families and release videos just like this one for all of them. I personally would be excited to see one on how someone pieced together that Sinitc and Tibeto-Burman languages were related.
I've been doing linguistics as a hobby for almost a decade now and some things, like language families, are so obvious to me, so much so that I forget how foreign those concepts are to most people. Because of that I get really irritated when every now and then a new video or reel pops up claiming that "sanskrit is the oldest language", or worse, when someone foregoes the evolutionary descent of languages and then marvels at the connection between sanskrit and some of the modern languages (for example serbian) as if that grants the modern language in question some special status via proxy of the special status of the ancient language. (bruh, what a sentence)
@@fica1137 yes, in fact, his real name is Manojlo Nemanjić. he is a Serb, just like his father, God, is. his mother Mary, excuse me, Marija, is serbian as well. while there's some debate whether all the apostles were serbian, it's an undisputed fact that they all spoke serbian fluently and wrote in cyrilic.
When we lived as immigrants in the US, my mum met a woman from Iran. We are from Bulgaria. Mum said that it was very fun when the woman would talk to her son in Persian - to the point mum joked she didn't need to because she could understand her! Bulgarian has a few loan words from Turkish, which in turn are sometimes loan words from Arabic, and sometimes loan words from Persian (and sometimes just words with a common ancestor that still sound similar enough), which also brings the two languages closer, so it's not just shared words. But it's still very interesting nonetheless!
11:58 maybe he was referring to a Finnic language that was spoken on the territory modern day Latvia like Livonian? It's quite obvious that Latvian is similar to Lithuanian and very different from Finnic ones.
Witch burnings literally started in the renaissance. This idea that it was “secular” is sort of a load of nonsense. It’s just an axiomatic conflation of modern secularism with all progress in terms of science etc. Because of the reformation there was more religious fervour, conflict and writing than most of the middle ages.
Okay, hold up. Turkish for "German" is Nemce? It sounds just like what the slavs call it. In slavic languages it means something like "mute language", does it mean something else in turkish?
Besides all, if it was used at all it was used in the past. As a native speaker I've never heard nemçe being used for German. We nowadays use the word "Almanca" with its root derived from the french word for germany plus the language suffix.
hindi ek do teen char panch and one two three four five. Much more clearly related than hebrew akhat shtain shalosh arba khamesh. Christianity robbed Europe of around 700 years of development.
What a pleasure to listen to an elegant and clearly pronounced English, reminding me of the language I learned 60 years ago! In addition all non English names of scholars are pronounced close to their original sounding, and not distorted by typical Anglophone misreading!
Another one is, Dyaus Pitri ... Sanskrit Zeus Pater ...Greek Ju Piter ... Roman It shows also religious connections between the cultures, the different Pantheons are just as closely related as the language.
Really interesting video, but I have a small suggestion to make. Dial back the level of music, it's clashing with the level of your voice. Also, even though you had a good selection of classic, I would suggest choosing music that is not so present and articulate because it gets in the way of your exposition and tries to steal the show. A more subdued and linear soundscape, at a lower volume, would be much easier on the ears of the listener. Great video otherwise!
The audio levels changed a lot depending on the volume settings and the device I used to listen, also I outsource the editing so I don't have direct control over the audio mixing but we both tried to figure it out together to the best of our ability, I will definitely keep this in mind for future videos though, thanks for the feedback.
The quote supposedly from Jäger is actually from an essay by George Metcalf, “The Indo-European Hypothesis in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries”, on p. 233 of _Studies in the History of Linguistics_ (1974). The quote is verbatim from Metcalf’s article, which he states is “the summary of a public lecture delivered in 1686 in Wittenberg, Germany (and published there that same year), by one Andreas Jäger.” The quote itself is not from Jäger’s book, _De Lingua Vetustisima Europae_ (1686), but is rather Metcalf’s summary of the first chapter of the book, which includes references to the Caucasus (p. 7), the lack of linguistic monuments (“desunt monumenta”, p. 15), and the mother and daughter languages (p. 17). Notably, Jäger came to his conclusions by surmising that since Noah’s ark landed in the Caucasus mountains, and Noah’s son Japheth was the progenitor of all non-Semitic and non-Black people, all the languages of his descendants would naturally have derived from that area. It’s silly in a way, but not entirely, since the myth itself may represent an ancestral connection to the region. Jäger’s argument is mostly religious and not systematic, but he was clearly a perceptive fellow who grasped the basic idea of the evolution of Indo-European languages from a common ancestor. Jäger’s book is a quick read and it’s available on google books.
I checked and you are indeed correct. For some reason, Campbell, who I used as the source, directly attributed the quote to Jäger and only claimed that it was cited by Metcalf. Thanks for letting me know, I will pin this comment.
@@Indo-EuropeanOfficial I thought I should look into this further. Jäger's dissertation was reprinted in India nine years ago and a copy is on sale on eBay for 55 pounds. Metcalf's interpretation was challenged in 2008 by John Considine, who claimed that while Jäger was the defender of the thesis (for the degree of Magister), the scholar who presided over the disputation, Georg Caspar Kirchmaier, might have been the joint or even the sole author. Unfortunately to download his article in Historiographia Linguistica would cost 35 dollars.
I'm a professional linguist and have taught the story of William Jones dozens of times to undergraduates. Yet I find the 1686 quote by Andreas Jäger astounding: he perceived the outlines, origins, and migrations of the Indo-European family - as well as, even more impressively, the mechanism of language change and differentiation - far more astutely than William Jones, and did it a full century earlier. His quote could easily be from a linguist working today. I'm shocked that, to my recollection, I have never seen mention of Andreas Jäger or his quote in any introductory linguistics text, even ones focused on historical linguistics. I'll be adding it to my curriculum immediately :) Thank you for sharing this fascinating history!
It seems time has forgotten Andreas Jäger. Wikipedia has an article about him only in Italian Catalan and Galician. Time hasn't been kind with him unfortunately
Looks to me like he was the Tesla of linguistics. No doubt if his work was published, interest in Oriental vernaculars would have soared much more earlier than had happened.
A not-so-fun fact I could find about him is that when his views were rejected by the Scientific Community he resigned and became a pastor instead.
He came, gave the world an extremely advanced form of the theory, was sidelined, and then became a pastor.
@@Archangel_sNest based af
I thought the same! The quote is almost word for word what I have written in my undergrad dissertation
When I was a kid, I learned a bunch of German words and deduced that German must be descended from the same family as English. I told my Dad my theory and he told me that it was dumb and probably not true 😂
How could your dad disagree with Haus and House, Maus and Mouse ????
Perhaps you were destined to be a linguist and your dad squashed that destiny right then and there.
This field truly gives you eureka moments and curiosity at any age!
Isn't it common knowledge that English and German are related?
EDIT: Just to clarify, I only blame the father for not knowing this. The child not knowing this is not only understandable but to be expected.
Did your dad live in the 1600s or something? The languages being related is common knowledge
Growing up as a Serbian kid interested in languages I had two huge eureka moments. The first came about when I met a Slovak kid on vacation and we figured out that if we spoke slowly we could understand each other. That was a trip. But nothing compared to what I felt when I kinda figured out Italian. We listened to a whole lot of Italian music in the car and me and my brother just kinda picked up the words from rote repetition. We figured out we could sorta rearrange them and make sentences that still made sense. Obviously we made a bunch of mistakes but that’s besides the point. Anyway my father noticed and asked us to explain how we figured it out. And we just intuitively began using analogies with Serbian. At some point it just clicked how easy it was to explain it like that. I literally got chills and I knew I had figured something out. When I got a computer and internet the first thing I ever searched on google was the serbian connection to Italian. I fell into the rabbit hole and never looked back.
i hope you become a linguist! haha
My own eureka moment was when I heard the word surga in Indonesian - which means heaven and is related to the Slavic god Svarog! And I heard it with my own ears as opposed to reading the info!
- Adûnâi
@@angamaitesangahyando685 Indo Iranian etymology of the word Svarog was dismissed there's no link between surga/svarga and Svarog
Had the same moment when I heard Italian from a friend of mine, I'm Romanian.
@@Samsung-1.9Cu.Ft.Microwave Metatron (Italian youtuber) posted a video on the similarities between Romanian and Italian and it's interesting there are instances when he can understand the whole sentence and then there are instances where he can't understand a single word
Leibniz is a legend, doing Calculus and Linguistics at the same time.
Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz did much more than that.
He was the first person to describe motion in terms of energy. Though it must be noted that he did not call the physical quantity "energy", he called it "living force". He is considered one of the most important philosophers ever. He also had interest in psychology. He wrote volumes on politics, history and other social sciences. He was also an important scholar of Chinese civilisation. He believed time to be relative more than 2 centuries before Einstein. He was a diplomat.
Truly, one of the greatest geniuses of all time
There were a number of very interesting polymaths at that time.
Kant is best known as a philosopher, but also did some contributions to astronomy.
Goethe is the most famous German playwright and novelist, but he was also researching geology, optics, and evolution.
@@prasoonjha1816 my mind is blown
@@Yora21 Don’t you think it was easier being at an obscure time and heir to many resources?
all that whilst being covered in chocolate
Currently learning persian. I told my parents and my father said it is a dialect of Arabic. I told him flatly no, it is more closely related to English than Arabic. He got annoyed and said "I guess my tour of the persian gulf means nothing then?"😅
The old persian words and structures similarity to European languages are very obvious and easy to notice, but due to Islamization of Persia, and Iranians converting to Islam, so many Arabic found their way into persian, and made these two structurally different languages similar to each other.
@@elsurvivor9153 I'm not disputing that, but it is an Indo-European language, not semitic like arabic. The core structure and vocabulary is non arabic.
Just tell him it’s Persia’s contemporary culture that is a dialect of Arabic. 😢. Not the language.
@@YoniBaruch-y3m all I can say is down with the ayatollahs. ایرانی نیستند
@@adlovett9831this might just be me, but I think the problem with the Ayatollah is that he's a dictator and not that he's ethnically Azeri.
one of the best videos about the history of the discovery of the indo-european language family tree that I have seen
5:32 "Nemçe" is actually a Slavic word, but it was used in Turkish during the Ottoman times.
Niemcy- Polish
Njemačka -Serbo-Croatian
@@senatuspopulusqueromanum It's "Niemcy" in Polish
@@senatuspopulusqueromanum
Id est njemačka in Serbo-Croat, amice
It is even borrowed into Hungarian (német), which is related to neither
Turkish apparently went through a period of ethnic cleansing after the loss of the Ottoman Empire, just as Turkey itself did. Scrapping the old script must have distanced Turkish readers from Arabic and Persian, as adopting first Latin and then Cyrillic scripts would have done to the related Central Asian tongues.
Hindi and Urdu underwent similar processes after India and Pakistan were carved out of British India, so that Arabic and Persian elements were discouraged in Hindi and promoted in Urdu.
I wonder if something similar will happen to Serbian and Croatian now that Yugoslavia is no more, with Serbs being encouraged to Russify while Croats anglicise?
In the 20th century school teachers were able to influence young people's vocabulary to a degree that is no longer possible given how pervasive the internet has become. That place has been taken by those who market "popular culture" to us.
The person who saw a connection between Farsi and German and related it to the Scythians was so brilliant. It was such a precise guess! I'm genuinely impressed.
What amazes me is that Persian demonstrates cognate similarities both to Germanic and Romance languages such as Infinitive both with the suffixes*an and * ar ( Germanic *en , Latin *ar ) Ke, Ku , Kodam, Ki (= Que , Quo , Quodam, Qui in Latin ), Chera ( Quare in Latin ) , Che , Chi , Chun ( Cum in Latin ), Pour ( Puer in Latin ) but Doxtar cognate to Daughter / Tochter in Germanic , ra / re ( re in Latin ) Dast ( Dexter in Latin), Mard ( = Mar in Latin ), Beh ( Bea in Latin ) but Bad in Persian = Bad / Bose in Germanic, Kar ( Guer in Latin ), Pas ( Pax in Latin ), Prefix * Dosh- ( Dis- in Latin) ... , Abrouw ( Eybrow in English ), Nist ( nicht , niet , ...), Budan ( to be), am ( am in English ), Abar ( Uber in Germanic ), the Prefix Fer-/ Far- ( Ver- in Germanic ) , prefix Be- coincide with that of Germanic languages , Prefix Ge-/ geo - ( Germanic Ge-) , Az ( Aus in Germanic ), *Dan - ( *Den - in Germanik = think , know ) the comparatives with ¡tar (-or in Latin, er in Germanic, Behtar ( Better in English ), the negative " Ich" ( modern Persian Hich ) = ikke / ekke in Scandinavian languages , Ja/ Gah ( Geo in Greek ) ...and many many more .
-UA-cam will strike through text if you put a dash before and after it-
@@DavidCowie2022 Thank you for the valuable information , I was wondering why it should have happened .
@@majidbineshgar7156so go and edit your original post so it doesn't happen.
@@EricDMMiller Done .
-Huh-
There is a verse in the Rg Veda that speaks of Dasharajanya (or the war of ten kings) where it's mentioned that one of the tribes that lost the war, "Parashua" (which means, a battle axe in Samskrita) was exiled to the "west". "Parashua" sounds oddly similar to Parsa, as the Persians themselves referred to their land. It is also curious how Avestan or old Persian sounds remarkably similar to Samskrita.
There is also a Rg Vedic diety called "Dyush Pitr" which sounds remarkably similar to "Deus Patr" or "Jupiter"
from what I've heard the persian gathas also say that they came from a place called Sapta Sindhu - the rig-vedic motherland.
If both of our histories agree why are we waiting for western seal of approval?
@@AKumar-co7oe I have two parsi cousins and when I attended their navjot ceremonies, I was surprised to hear words like "Ayushmaan" and "Rakt" in their chants; the navjot ceremony itself is curiously similiar to the thread ceremony done by young boys in India
Battle of the ten kings is dāśarajna-yuddha or दाशराज्ञयुद्ध or simply dāśarajnam (note दाश rather than दश for "ten" because it is a vriddhi form of ten-kings to mean "of the ten kings") which tells of King Sudās, king of Bharatas, aided by Indra who defeats the coalition of ten Aryan kings.
There are two Sanskrit words that could be related to the Old Persian word "pārsa" for Persia or Persians: paraśu (परशु) means tree cutter's axe, parśu (पर्शु) meant "rib-bone" (later also meant sickle, possibly being a variant of परशु). The warrior tribe described in the Rc is always referred using the plural form of parśu which is parśavas (पर्शवः). Note however, the Rigveda does not describe history, it is primarily a philosophical text, and these parśavas are maybe not actually referring to Persians or their ancestors. However, I guess it is possible: Rigveda was composed around 1500 BCE, around the same time that Indo-Aryans split from Iranians, so they'd have memory of each other.
Interestingly, hymns from Rc can be interpreted historically to imply that the kingdom of Parsu was a place where people had stopped worshipping Indra and describes an event where where its unpopular king is killed in a rebellion.
also Deus Patr ~ Διός Πατήρ ? (Father Zeus)
@@elborrador333just one correction from my side, the dating of Rig veda to be written in 1500BC has no evidence. The date was given by a historian named max muller who pretty much liked to distort the history of Indian sub continent
Phenomenal video. I look forward to seeing this channel grow in the future
criminally small channel for such a high production value! excellent and in-depth information, you have a radio voice, you should've been using it from the beginning ;)
Hiring the right narrator has definitely contributed to the quality of the videos.
@@Indo-EuropeanOfficialon top of that your music choice is exceptional. Well done
Great video, and thank you. I love how we can infer technology from Proto-Indo-Europeans, such as they having a word for wheel suggests that they had that technology.
Right, and we can also see what they didn’t have, such as writing (as no single word can be reconstructed that means such).
There have no language like Proto-indo-european. It is just a hypothetical imaginary term, it's not reality. There have some ancient language like Anatolian Hittie, vedic Sanskrit, Greek , latin etc. in which vedic Sanskrit sounds more PIE than other because it have good connection with Russian, Lithuanian, Avestan, Greek , latin like foreign languages. That's why PIE is created with help of Sanskrit, Russian, Lithuanian , greek, latin like languages
Oldest Known language of 'Indo' indian subcontinent is Vedic Sanskrit and oldest known language of Europe which is connected to Indo-European family is Greek.
@@tfan2222 Good point. I wonder if any Indo-European "Japhetite" civilization had any contact with Sumerian civilization? They probably were already around at that time.
@@Seerispure You just contradicted yourself. The literal existence of an entire family of related languages (Indo-European) by definition implies the existence of an ancestor proto-language. While we can only reconstruct PIE based on the comparative method, it's well known that such a language existed at one point (because then what did the Indo-European languages descend from?), even if we will never know what the language was truly like or what its speakers called it
@@josepheridu3322 Hittites, Medeans, etc.
Greeting to all fellow indoeuropeans from Nepal!
Greetings from India!
Greetings from south indian aryan
@@jagatsimulation bruh you are Dravidian, yous have a different language evolution
@@bestcocbaseswithlink5069 no it's a fake theory. We use more sanskrit words than hindi. Plus language has nothing to do it arya. Arya is who studied hindu scripture not a fat white Christian.
@@jagatsimulation nah bro...for example your original language and culture is fundamentally different...you were conquered by indo Europeans and you were gradually hinduized... for example an average indian is more likely to understand russian,italian,spanish,celtic numerals then tamil,telegu, malayalam numerals...even genetic studies prove it
I love it when the algorithm pushes you a new channel with interesting content! Subbed!
This one was very interesting. I had read some of the last ones, but I had never seen a collection of all of them, even the early ones. Great job as always.
Its funny because even today as iranic i see a lot of similarity s between iranic and Germanic languages much more than other European branches of indo - European
As a Germanic language speaker, I also agree. I wouldn’t be surprised if Germanic and Indo-Iranian broke off at similar times.
@@tfan2222 Germanic is closer to Latin than Indo-Iranian languages. A lot of the differences you see from Germanic compared to modern Romantic language is due to grammatical changes that occurred around the 6th-7th century.
@@minutemansam1214 There's a theory that says that those differences between latin and current romance languages existed before the 6th and 7th centuries because in Europe there was a common language massively spoken before Latin and that those languages were very very very influenced by latin just like english but much more but that the inner structure of the language did not change just like english again.
I dont gets what funny about it.
@@baltulielkungsgunarsmiezis9714 i ment funny not like hilarious and laughable but in means of interesting
5:13 This is the opening theme for the Paradox's Europa Universalis II game. It brings me lots of memories of me trying to conquer the world in the Modern period, thank you so much for including the title, I have always looked for it.
Omg, new video! Ive been waiting for so long
This channel is amazing. I can't wait to see what else comes from it.
claiming that hindi and sanskrit were unrelated and that ancient mexicans and indian languages were related is baffling 😂😂 like how did he think that even happened
Jones was a judge in Calcutta (then the capital of British India) so he would have encountered Bengali in the streets, Sanskrit among priests and learned men and Hindi among soldiers and servants from other parts of North India. The kind of Hindi he heard would have had a lot of Arabic vocabulary and not much Persian or Sanskrit. The complex grammar of Classical and Vedic Sanskrit was not part of the northern lingua franca.
the Flood.
Huwyte supermarket back then. They're not intimidated by Mexicans and their "achievements" but they were always jealous of Indians. 😂. Helena Blavatsky and Co always went to India for knowledge. Literally nowhere else
Indian Languages:
Samskrtam : MAtA, AmbA
Tamizh: AttA, AmmA
So happy to have been recommended this. Such a niche interest of mine, so happy to see others as entranced with it all
To be fair the Persians and the Germans are also known for coming back with huge Empires no matter how many times you tell them not to.
Persians had an empire and Alexander took it down easily. Germans never had an empire.
@@pelasgeuspelasgeus4634 British Empire?
@@f34rbeast32 British had an empire. So what?
Iran is in a really great place, with mountains in the west and east, sea in the south and Desert in the north. Only a really tough empire or outstanding steppe warlord can conquer such a region. It's not like Russia where it's all open until the Urals.
@@pelasgeuspelasgeus4634 Germans never had an empire? You really have to ignore over a thousand years of history to believe that.
Amazing video, I'm excited to see the rest in the series~! Thank you for adding your research doc in the description.
I work at University College Oxford, where William Jones studied. The relief seen at 15:16 is actually inside our college chapel, and his portrait is in our dining hall. Thanks for this video!
Cool topic; well written; well narrated; well researched and sourced. Easiest like and subscribe of my life
The video I didn't know I needed. Thank you so much!
Phenomenal video. The quotes by Jaeger and Wotton are incredible to me
As a Finn, I feel left out. But being a Finn, I quite enjoy that.
Don't you guys use Turkish or sum ?
@@amaduck2132 Finnish is part of the fenno-ugric family, most of the languages are really small, hungarian being the most prominent. The structure and grammar is quite different from other language groups. Lot of borrowed words from Swedish and Russian, naturally. Our claim to fame is Tolkien taking ideas from Finnish for creating the High Elven language.
@@SpartacusSPQ Ugric languages are a Turkic dialect. And etruscans were also a Turkic language. We span whole europe and asia. Some difference is normal but it does not change the fact that they are all coming from same origin.
The grammer difference is so minor between Turkic and Finnish languages.
@@jackholler3572 Finno-ugric languages are NOT in the same family as the Turkic languages, wtf do you mean?
I absolutely love your channel. I really do hope you continue with your content, it's really helped publicise the "mystique" of Linguistics; not only that but you've licensed it for public use which I have huge respect for!
a new linguistic channel i've never seen before? hell yeah!
This work is absolutely incredible and so well researched. I just have to see more stuff like this. You've earned yourself a sub.
Nice work, thanks for did this scientific ode to all genius of global linguistics of all eras.
What a fascinating, well edited and well marrated piece of edutainment. I am excited to see more of this linguistic/philological type content and information. Fantasticly done
Thanks for making this video about the historic of linguistic science. You've made it that much easier for me to go back and find the original sources for it.
A really great new channel, subscribed! My own eureka moment was when I heard the word surga in Indonesian - which means heaven and is related to the Slavic god Svarog! And I heard it with my own ears as opposed to reading the info!
- Adûnâi
"Swarga" is also the heaven or the deva-lok (divine realm) in Hinduism.
*_I am a kurd living in Sweden and the amount of similar words is astonishing. There is most certainly an Aryan-Germanic connection, a connection closer to that of the Indo-European connection and I believe that the scythians played a part in this._*
Kurds are Aryan 🤷♀️ Why are they so anti-European 🤔
Germanic is (one of the branches of) Indo-European
I've recently been very curious about how older extinct languages were discovered and rebuilt. This channel is a godsend! Please continue making videos so I don't have to read books, lol! Thank you!
Classical scholar: "We should only compare words for things which are in everyday use."
*Mobile phone advert appears*
That works for many languages in which the "higher" vocabulary, dealing with science, law, philosophy and theology comes from some learned language like Latin, Greek or Sanskrit.
It falls down for Hindi (Hindustani) in which many of the everyday words come from Arabic, and probably led to William Jones's misapprehension that it was related to Arabic. However, it does not use Arabic grammar.
It may also be the reason for some people in the past lumping English with the Romance languages. Although it has kept its Germanic grammar, vast numbers of French words were assimilated after the Norman conquest.
Persian disappeared from the written record for about a century after the Arab (i.e. Muslim) conquest, and after that a lot of Arabic was incorporated along with the new script.
In contrast, Jones's error about Tibetan being related to Sanskrit may have come from looking mainly at religious texts (probably the only texts available then), in which the higher vocabulary came from Sanskrit (directly or via Pali).
Great video, you kept it very interesting throughout and the vibe you curated with the pictures, editing and classical music was immersive as hell boi
Great channel, don't give up
I've always been super interested in this subject, but I had never seen a video or an article explain the story of the indo-european languages so well. thank you so much, I'm Looking forward to your your future videos
I only knew of William Jones' contributions as you had mentioned he is the most popular but glad to have learned of the others before him.
Great video and excellently produced, hoping to see many more from this channel!
I was under the impression that he was the first one to discover the connection between European languages and the languages of Persia/India because his famous quote is everywhere
Very fruitfull, knowledgeable and informative channel. Thank you you so much and keep it up, keep going on !
Abrupt and unexpected ending, honestly. Otherwise a great video. Your channel will blow up
I thought the quote was a nice ending point, but totally fair point. I will consider going with more traditional conclusions for future videos.
@@Indo-EuropeanOfficial I thought the quote was a very good way to end the video, I guess just difference in opinions 😅
Thank you. Great music and voice are added value to fantastic content.
Thank you (from voice man).
Amazing video, thank you for this
This video is giving more information than my university. I’m majoring in anthropology and taking a linguistics course.
Until seeing the Sanskrit "Viduva" close to the Latin "Vidua" I had never found a connection between the English "Widow" and the Portuguese "Viuva"
If we pronounce the W as V "Vidov" the jump is clearer
And even more so when you know that Latin V has the sound /w/.
Beautiful and enlightening video essay. The music is too loud, but everything else is perfect. Thank you.
It may be attributed to the popular scientific writing style at the time, but Hearing and reading how William Wotton's and William Jones' prose sounds, it's like I'm both listening to a mix of a Bible passage and a section of any of Charles Darwin's work. Is it just me? You can really feel in that statement the biblically prophetic and scientific discovery looming over the linguistic horizon.
"Is it just me?" Im just laughing at him calling my language a finic one when its baltic.
They use long, complex sentences with more than one subordinate clause, which is closer to the
speeches of Cicero' than to our everyday talk. Software like Microsoft Word discourages that sort of thing.
The Ottoman Turkish word Nemce for German language is borrowed from the Slavonic languages in which it originally meant "non speaking" or more descriptively "one who does not speak" - our language. The current Polish word for Germany (state or country) is Niemcy, (long ago it was Niemce) , and for a German (person, male) - Niemiec, (female) - Niemka.
13:08 there are no diacritics on the Polish numbers here; also, there's a mistake, 2 is dwa, dwie is the nominative feminine adjective form
THANKS FOR SHARING; COMMENDABLE
Thanks early Indo-Europeans from the Eurasian Steppes for your great language.
Persian here! Learning French;) thank you for your work ❤️
Babe, wake up.
The Indo-European Channel just uploaded a new video...
Thank you for this wonderfully thorough exploration of the development of the Indo-European hypothesis. I'd heard of Jones, but not of the other linguists who preceded him.
One surprising thing I've come to learn is that Kurdish has quite a few cognates with languages in the PIE family, or at least words which are cognates to the PIE roots of words in languages like English or German or any of the Romance languages, with particularly close ties to Persian. Much of Kurdish feels like a closer median between the Indo-European and Indo-Iranian branches, e.g. proto-Iranian would have sounded most similar to modern day Kurdish.
This is just an impression I get from having explored Kurdish vocabulary from my dad. I would search for those words in my knowledge of English vocabulary, and more limited knowledge of German vocabulary, and even more repressed memory of Spanish vocabulary, sometimes trying to intuit potential roots that may have more obviously common origins as the Kurdish words my dad presents.
It is difficult, however, as there sadly isn't much accessible or comprehensive information on Kurdish and its etymological relations to the other PIE languages.
Imo the idea of all languages being traceable back to Hebrew doesn’t even make sense in the Bible. If after the Tower of Babel, God gave people different languages to make them not understand one another, why would he just make them different descendants of the same language? Wouldn’t it make more sense that he made them completely unrelated?
The bible is not a history book bro
Also doesn't make sense because the whole Hebrew thing starts with Abraham to begin with. Seems like biblical illiteracy. He would've spoken some unnamed ancestor Semitic language related to Hebrew or possibly some proto-Aramaic.
Plus proof of languages are literally older than the Bible claims the earth is
That theory supposedly led Christopher Columbus to take a scholar who spoke Hebrew and Aramaic on his ship. One of the recent films shows him failing to get through to the Caribs.
So the splitting of languages is a symbol for an interconnected world. Like the phrase “we are speaking the same language” to mean we are on the same page. So the scattering of the languages is the breaking of the connection. So the tower story is speaking of the Bronze Age and its collapse not literal languages.
This channel is amazing! Where did y'all come from??
Fine work ! A short history of the Linguistics. Bravo ! A Greek friend, Nikephoros.
I'd like a list of potential cognates beyond the current primary language families.
I don't usually like any video, but this video was so well structured and informative that you got a like from me👍
17:17 One hell of a sentence.
looks like we got a new goated channel to follow.
i even turned notifications on. this is good stuff
That comparison between Persians and Germans reminds me of that one time Germany had a football match with Iran (a modern country in which some parts of Persia was located) and most of the opposing Iranian spectators gave the _"roman"_ salute when the German national anthem was playing...
Actually, it was for fun and jokes. In the culture outside of Europe, jokes and talking about Nazis are more common
ONLY 630 VIEWS?
it was released today😭💀
100x more after 10 days :)
I read it "ONLY 630 WIVES?"
200,775 views now.
The scythian hypothesis is interesting because is similar to the modern steppe hypothesis for PIE.
Excellent video, my one piece of feedback is that your music probably needs ducking because your VO is pretty deep! It can be a little hard to hear you at some moments. Once again though it’s very high quality otherwise.
The importance of recognizing loan words has been correctly assessed by Hjelmslev who says:
"Even a language like Greek, which is considered one of the purest Indo-European languages and which plays a greater role than any other in comparative Indo-European studies, contains only a relatively small number of words that can be genetically accounted for on the basis of Indo-European. Presumably then all Greek words are borrowings from other languages, chiefly, perhaps, from non-Indo-European languages."
@14:25, maha (Sanskrit) = max (Latin) = mega (Greek).
Similarly, uttama (Sanskrit) = optimo (Latin).
@14:32, dyaus (Sanskrit) = theos and zeus (Greek) = dios (Latin). No, it is not a false cognate.
Similarly, pitar (Sanskrit) = pater (Greek).
So, Dyaus-Pitar (Sanskrit) = Theos-Pater (Greek) = Jupiter.
So, *Jupiter Optimus Maximus* (Latin) could be translated as *Dyaus-Pitar Uttama Mahamaya* (Sanskrit).
I've never heard of your channel but I love it.
Underrated!
Love the music you chose!!!
Bharat Mata 🇮🇳❤
Absolutely amazing.
Now make a seires of new channels named after language families and release videos just like this one for all of them. I personally would be excited to see one on how someone pieced together that Sinitc and Tibeto-Burman languages were related.
I've been doing linguistics as a hobby for almost a decade now and some things, like language families, are so obvious to me, so much so that I forget how foreign those concepts are to most people. Because of that I get really irritated when every now and then a new video or reel pops up claiming that "sanskrit is the oldest language", or worse, when someone foregoes the evolutionary descent of languages and then marvels at the connection between sanskrit and some of the modern languages (for example serbian) as if that grants the modern language in question some special status via proxy of the special status of the ancient language.
(bruh, what a sentence)
Did you know that Jesus spoke in Serbian
@@fica1137 yes, in fact, his real name is Manojlo Nemanjić. he is a Serb, just like his father, God, is. his mother Mary, excuse me, Marija, is serbian as well. while there's some debate whether all the apostles were serbian, it's an undisputed fact that they all spoke serbian fluently and wrote in cyrilic.
When we lived as immigrants in the US, my mum met a woman from Iran. We are from Bulgaria. Mum said that it was very fun when the woman would talk to her son in Persian - to the point mum joked she didn't need to because she could understand her! Bulgarian has a few loan words from Turkish, which in turn are sometimes loan words from Arabic, and sometimes loan words from Persian (and sometimes just words with a common ancestor that still sound similar enough), which also brings the two languages closer, so it's not just shared words. But it's still very interesting nonetheless!
11:58 maybe he was referring to a Finnic language that was spoken on the territory modern day Latvia like Livonian?
It's quite obvious that Latvian is similar to Lithuanian and very different from Finnic ones.
What a fascinating video. Thanks for sharing!
Great video
I have to say this.in the Greek(Helenic) language mother is called in Dorian dialect,Aiolian MATER and in Ionian,Attic is called ,Meter .
Witch burnings literally started in the renaissance. This idea that it was “secular” is sort of a load of nonsense. It’s just an axiomatic conflation of modern secularism with all progress in terms of science etc. Because of the reformation there was more religious fervour, conflict and writing than most of the middle ages.
great video ❤ please keep making em, i am really curious about the indo-european family both linguistically and genetically
Okay, hold up. Turkish for "German" is Nemce? It sounds just like what the slavs call it. In slavic languages it means something like "mute language", does it mean something else in turkish?
It's from the slavic term for german. Turks got the term from yugoslavs when they ruled the balkans
Besides all, if it was used at all it was used in the past. As a native speaker I've never heard nemçe being used for German. We nowadays use the word "Almanca" with its root derived from the french word for germany plus the language suffix.
Hey man, great video. Would love more on Indo European history.
hindi ek do teen char panch and one two three four five. Much more clearly related than hebrew akhat shtain shalosh arba khamesh. Christianity robbed Europe of around 700 years of development.
What a wonderful video!
What a pleasure to listen to an elegant and clearly pronounced English, reminding me of the language I learned 60 years ago! In addition all non English names of scholars are pronounced close to their original sounding, and not distorted by typical Anglophone misreading!
Another one is,
Dyaus Pitri ... Sanskrit
Zeus Pater ...Greek
Ju Piter ... Roman
It shows also religious connections between the cultures, the different Pantheons are just as closely related as the language.
Really interesting video, but I have a small suggestion to make. Dial back the level of music, it's clashing with the level of your voice. Also, even though you had a good selection of classic, I would suggest choosing music that is not so present and articulate because it gets in the way of your exposition and tries to steal the show. A more subdued and linear soundscape, at a lower volume, would be much easier on the ears of the listener. Great video otherwise!
The audio levels changed a lot depending on the volume settings and the device I used to listen, also I outsource the editing so I don't have direct control over the audio mixing but we both tried to figure it out together to the best of our ability, I will definitely keep this in mind for future videos though, thanks for the feedback.
Please just don't have music at all. So distracting
Its such a short time scale between no-european and now.
I’d like to see you do a video on the indo European language reconstruction
All thanks to the Yamnayas and their *kóryos messing around with the other regions.
Wonderful content. Expecting more videos soon.😅
BRAVISSIMO!!!
Great work! Keep it up!
waiting for some eureka moment of connecting Tamil to Indus and other living languages