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Indo-European
United States
Приєднався 17 жов 2023
The study of the Indo-European languages, peoples, and history.
The Search for the Proto-Indo-Europeans
Go to piavpn.com/Indo to get 83% off Private Internet Access with 4 months free!
The search for the Proto-Indo-European homeland and the identification of the Proto-Indo-European culture.
Credits:
Researcher/Writer - Aryus
Narrator - Richard Turner
Video Editor - Gautam Bhatti
Research Document:
docs.google.com/document/d/1mFfTAW_ZJsByXDMVBYWAW3WtJOdTwPklXSiMToOyTy8/edit?usp=sharing
Music:
pixabay.com/music/modern-classical-documentary-background-the-historical-248304/
pixabay.com/music/modern-classical-documentary-background-the-historical-248304/
pixabay.com/music/solo-piano-forest-keeper-165121/
Chapters:
00:00 Early Hypotheses
02:08 North European Hypothesis
06:50 Kurgan Hypothesis
09:36 Anatolian Hypothesis
11:15 Revised Steppe Hypothesis
23:18 South-of-Caucasus Hypothesis
32:31 North-of-Caucasus Hypothesis
The search for the Proto-Indo-European homeland and the identification of the Proto-Indo-European culture.
Credits:
Researcher/Writer - Aryus
Narrator - Richard Turner
Video Editor - Gautam Bhatti
Research Document:
docs.google.com/document/d/1mFfTAW_ZJsByXDMVBYWAW3WtJOdTwPklXSiMToOyTy8/edit?usp=sharing
Music:
pixabay.com/music/modern-classical-documentary-background-the-historical-248304/
pixabay.com/music/modern-classical-documentary-background-the-historical-248304/
pixabay.com/music/solo-piano-forest-keeper-165121/
Chapters:
00:00 Early Hypotheses
02:08 North European Hypothesis
06:50 Kurgan Hypothesis
09:36 Anatolian Hypothesis
11:15 Revised Steppe Hypothesis
23:18 South-of-Caucasus Hypothesis
32:31 North-of-Caucasus Hypothesis
Переглядів: 11 026
Відео
Reconstructing a Prehistoric Language
Переглядів 13 тис.Місяць тому
The conclusion of the trilogy of the history of Indo-European studies. Credits: Researcher - Aryus Narrator - Richard Turner Video Editor - Gautam Bhatti (Images and clips gathered by Aryus) Danish Audio - CrazyMothLady on Twitch www.twitch.tv/crazymothlady Research Document: docs.google.com/document/d/1JbODMS_6e8jNiPFPjNLVuFNCoZOxk9BQyG4vBGQaN_A/edit?usp=sharing Music: 1800-1850 - "Octet - 5. ...
The Eureka Moment of Linguistics
Переглядів 263 тис.3 місяці тому
The story of how Europeans discovered that their languages were related to languages in India and Iran. Credits: Researcher - Aryus Narrator - Richard Turner Video Editor - Gautam Bhatti Persian Audio - Behnaz Noroozi Dutch Audio - Nick Pruim Sanskrit and Latin Audio - Echuidor Italian Audio - Federico C. Research Document: docs.google.com/document/d/1YZBKnyis8v8bkODNVETNSvpvJTefT8vKmENmmSy6g9w...
When Europeans First Noticed Language Similarities
Переглядів 78 тис.4 місяці тому
The history of how Europeans slowly began to realize that their languages were related, leading some to believe that they shared common origins. Credits: Researcher - Aryus Narrator - Richard Turner Video Editor - Gautam Bhatti Ancient Greek words (Cratylus) read by Rossano Pio Fragale. You can find him at emendate_loquor Middle English passage read by Bertilak. You can find him a...
The quality of this video is unmatched. This deserves way more views. Wish you luck mate! Keep it up 👍
The proto indo-europeans were.....from India.
I saw a channel called "Indo-European" and I think I almost busted
Very interesting, but infuriating background noise throughout. Difficult to listen to the end.
4:48 please stop doing this. It breaks up the flow the video and feels like it’s just an exoticism. Please just say the title and terminology in the target language in which you were clearly addressing your audience.
the music is really annoying
Amazing work!
Another one is, Dyaus Pitri ... Sanskrit Zeus Pater ...Greek Ju Piter ... Roman It shows also religious connections between the cultures, the different Pantheons are just as closely related as the language.
There is nothing called Indo Europeans, those people were Thracians and spoke Bulgarian. Everything else is a zionist lie.
What an absolute treat of a video! There aren’t many historical influencers on UA-cam who delve into different papers and works on their topic in such detail (or even at all) like you do in your videos. Absolutely outstanding!
Beetė ir medus :)))
9:19 One of the comments to this video remarks that this quote seems like it's from a linguist working today, and I agreed that it was so astoundingly close to what a modern linguist would say that I was highly skeptical about it. I promised to investigate it but then postponed this indefinitely. Now I've been leafing through Andreas Jäger's dissertation on MDZ, and there is no doubt that the quote in the video is a forgery and a fabrication. The individual thoughts expressed in that quote are indeed found scattered throughout the dissertation, but nowhere does it formulate what is essentially a quotation from a modern introduction to historical linguistics. The closest part is found at printed page 17, scanned page 24, par. VIII on the definition of a dialect. I have hunted for the source of this fabrication, and your research document lead me to Lyle Campbell, who attributes this quotation to George J. Metcalf (1974 and reprinted in 2013). I've also found Metcalf's book and the quote is indeed in there, but *he does not attribute it to Andreas Jäger.* The quotation is described as follows: _A linguistic scholar today, coming across the following attempt to explain the in- terrelationship of certain languages, might object to minor details, but he would basically tend to support the proposition: [quotation]... Yet _*_the views are the summary of a public lecture_*_ delivered in 1686 in Wittenberg, Germany (and published there that same year), by one Andreas Jäger (c. 1660-1730)._ I should find a way to reach out to Lyle Campbell regarding this, since he uses this forgery to attempt to discredit Jones as being the founder of comparative linguistics, a low-grade piece of scholarship indeed. The point is not that nobody before Jones had these intuitions; the point is when they were first stated and proved as a coherent and scientific theory. Jäger's dissertation is pre-scientific in that it subscribes to the fictional story of the tower Babel and traces all languages to the the 12 tribes of Israel. I urge you to correct your video and remove this striking fabrication.
Campbell does seem to attribute the quote directly to Jäger, he just writes that it was cited by Metcalf. However, I did check the original source and it is indeed not a quote from Jäger. Thanks for letting me know. I will pin the original comment pointing this out.
Im not sure the mainstream narrative is correct. DNA is telling a different story. For instance modern Europeans have 3 primary genetic components W.H.G, Neolithic farmer and A.N.E. The oldest European skeleton Kostenki 14 is 37,000 years old. His genome showed he already had the same 3 primary genetic components as modern Europeans. Thats quite telling. It tells us that Europe was populated by 1 large meta population. Biologist Eske Willerslev described it as reshuffling the same genes without any large admixture from the outside. Also the term Aryan only being applied to iran and India is a modernity thing. Lol some weird sort of social justice stuff i don't understand. But anyone can go on internet archives and look up any encyclopedia or world almanac or any other writings about such things that was before ww2 and it's commonly known who the Aryans are
Did they know who the Aryans were or did they think that they knew? Get woke mate
@_Somsnosa_ I don't understand the hatred for white people? It blows my mind. Every other group is encouraged to love & celebrate their heritage. But when it comes to European people we are attacked and ridiculed for wanting to do the same thing. Especially now that ancient DNA has changed the entire narrative of how Europe was populated. European people are 1 people genetically. We have been 1 people from the oldest European DNA 37,000 years ago until today. We called ourselves Aryans. Now because of ww2 a war that saw 50 to 80 million Europeans die im supposed to be ok with some weird racist social justice shit stealing my heritage? For all of recorded history we were known as Aryans and after ww2 they change the name to indo European and claim its not even a people but a term for a language group. I find that amazing
@@kylealexander593 The point is that you don't understand the mathematical part. These minimum three Neolithic components never intersected until the Neolithic. The farmer was from the near east of a fertile crescent moon. ANE is a Siberian mammoth hunter from Siberia. And the European WHG from a cave in Europe.
@mr.purple1779 The mathematical part? I understand what you are saying. That is the current mainstream narrative. But i provided a very easy way to verify my claim. First verify what 3 genentic components do modern Europeans have. Then go to the oldest European skeleton ever discovered Kostenki 14. Hes 37,000 years old and he already has the same 3 genetic components. Pretty clear cut hard data not speculation. The oldest European ever discovered has the same genetics as modern Europeans. This 50 different names given to ancient dna to give the impression that there different races is new. When the genome was first sequenced and for years after scientists used 3 names to describe 3 different races. Caucasoid, Mongoloid & Negroid.
@@kylealexander593 And of these three, ANE is not Caucasoid. Caucasoids from the near east.
The background music interferes with understanding.
They came from indoeuropa. Where is that? Touché.
The quote supposedly from Jäger is actually from an essay by George Metcalf, “The Indo-European Hypothesis in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries”, on p. 233 of _Studies in the History of Linguistics_ (1974). The quote is verbatim from Metcalf’s article, which he states is “the summary of a public lecture delivered in 1686 in Wittenberg, Germany (and published there that same year), by one Andreas Jäger.” The quote itself is not from Jäger’s book, _De Lingua Vetustisima Europae_ (1686), but is rather Metcalf’s summary of the first chapter of the book, which includes references to the Caucasus (p. 7), the lack of linguistic monuments (“desunt monumenta”, p. 15), and the mother and daughter languages (p. 17). Notably, Jäger came to his conclusions by surmising that since Noah’s ark landed in the Caucasus mountains, and Noah’s son Japheth was the progenitor of all non-Semitic and non-Black people, all the languages of his descendants would naturally have derived from that area. It’s silly in a way, but not entirely, since the myth itself may represent an ancestral connection to the region. Jäger’s argument is mostly religious and not systematic, but he was clearly a perceptive fellow who grasped the basic idea of the evolution of Indo-European languages from a common ancestor. Jäger’s book is a quick read and it’s available on google books.
I checked and you are indeed correct. For some reason, Campbell, who I used as the source, directly attributed the quote to Jäger and only claimed that it was cited by Metcalf. Thanks for letting me know, I will pin this comment.
Why Indo-European but not Euro-Indian? 🤔
Early scholar agreed that it's origins from Indian subcontinent hence indo European Euro Indian doesn't even make sense even now Because they indeed invaded "Europe" the Neolithic European civilization And established corded ware culture Oldest evidence 6200 year old massacre in Croatia region Whatever it's Indian subcontinent or not indo European culture has origin in "asian continent"
Indo Iranian culture is the oldest to document they ancestoral history folk story of dating back to proto indo European culture And indeed they mentioned Aryans fought with danu river valley race ( Danu river valley, simply Danube don steppe region) It is considered primordial warfare within indo Iranian culture So it mostly likely According to indo Iranian sources origin of indo European culture is neither Europe nor steppe Steppe is turria in indo Iranian literature, enemy region , And nor danus land ( Danube of Europe) Indo Iranian mythological horse are closer to current day west asian horses Not steppe horses RigVeda mentioned 17 pair ribs horse as horse of gods ( Oldest domesticated 17 pair ribs horse are arabian horse ) Their ancestors are wild horse that had found in west asia to Indonesia 8000bce ago Not related to wild horse and later domesticated steppe Eurasian horses
पूरी दुनियां में एक ही सत्य धर्म है, सनातन धर्म . सभी देशों में खुदाई में सिर्फ मंदिर ही मिलते हैं, कोई चर्च या मस्जिद नहीं मिलती क्यूंकि सबसे पुराना और सत्य धर्म एक ही है सनातन धर्म. सनातन धर्म की जय 🙏
Renfrew should be stripped of his credentials and his students deserve a refund on their tuitions.
they clearly originated in alaska
Well the Proto Finns (Finno Ugric), who migrated from Siberia Asia to Northern Norway during the Last Ice Age intermixed with the north expanding Western Hunter Gatherers (1st Europeans black with blue eyes) who had come in from the Middle East and up the western coast of Norway. The Proto Finns, ancestors to the indigenous Sámi, Finns and Estonians, brought light eyes, skin and blonde hair, and they are distant related to all Native Americans. Same area of origin. The Sámi are the indigenous people as they didn’t mix with later incoming populations like the Anatolian farmers, Yamnaya from Ukraine, nor the Germanic farmers aka Norse/Vikings. Tho their cousins the Finns and Estonians did.
Wonderful video!
Something about videos like this strike me as a little suspicious, recently theres a ton of channels popping up with super high production value, research teams, narrators. None of them have any linked social media or any website. A little strange
A channel very similar to this is DIG.
This video was made by three people? Probably over a long period of time as well. Hardly suspicious
@@VulnerableBede1 Right but its just weird to me how these channels pop up out of nowhere with a full team like it says in the description and no patreon, no links to any academic institutions, no twitter. over the past year youtube has been flooded with them, still enjoyed the video
Is it an AI narrator or a German guy I can't tell
SPQR = Sono Pazzi Questi Romani 🤣 (Are Crazy These Romans )
Europeans are colon-yhggghh-izing whole North America South America Australia New Zealand 50% world area and natural resources 50% of Europeans live in Europe 50% Europeans live outside Europ
Algorithm
7:22 Kurgan is a Turkic word, not Russian. It means "protected place". It implies it is forbidden to disturb it.
Origin wise yes, but it was borrowed into Russian where it got the meaning outlined in the video.
IE languages/history is BY FAR the most interesting subject I was never taught at school. We were taught French, German and Latin, and no teacher had the presence of mind (or awareness of the subject?), to even so much as mention PIE. Please keep up the content!
Do you get paid every time you bring up the Nazis?
We like to cover the historical context of the research, no politics behind our content, just academic.
The Ottoman Turkish word Nemce for German language is borrowed from the Slavonic languages in which it originally meant "non speaking" or more descriptively "one who does not speak" - our language. The current Polish word for Germany (state or country) is Niemcy, (long ago it was Niemce) , and for a German (person, male) - Niemiec, (female) - Niemka.
I think Central Asia pre BMAC also makes a very strong candidate for the PIE homeland. CHG ancestry was not just associated with Caucasus but was also extremely prevalent in BMAC and pre BMAC central Asia. If you think about the region which is: - Close to the Uralic homeland - Close to high CHG population centers - Within the EHG sphere. - Had a short, early migration path to Anatolia. For me Central Asia makes the most sense. And to top it off as an archeology nerd, there is very little archeological disruption of material culture in Central and South Asia post and pre Indo European migrations. There is a marked material culture shift pretty much everywhere else (even in Anatolia, with its Neolithic population). I think paleo-linguistics is a bit of a distraction here as it is indicative at best. The association of PIE with horses could also be a Rigvedic/Eurocentric bias; as migrations into Europe and deep into the Indian sub-continent likely featured cultures which revered horses. If I'm not wrong Sujay Rao has made a case for this.
There's a good reason the field has shifted away from Central Asia, no amount of Indian copium can change that.
@nicolaiby1846 The central Asian hypothesis is not very different from the Kurgan hypothesis. It's actually a pretty decent blend of Kurgan and Anatolian/Caucasian hypothesis. And answers a lot of discrepancies both theories face
@@vishwakat8743 This CHG was associated with specific Caucasian hunter-gatherers from the caves of Armenia or Georgia. Not with all Caucasoid Irano-Arabians from all over the near east. That's the point. Georgians and Armenians are still different from this everything.
@@mr.purple1779 Yeah but Neolithic central Asia had strong CHG components. Likely from an earlier migration associated with the spread of early agriculture.
@@nicolaiby1846it make much sense Indo Iranian literature never considered steppe as homeland Turria is mentioned very well ( Turria stand for Eurasian steppe) Perticular don steppe Turria -danus Their is battle mentioned with indo Iranian and barbarians of turria
po žigmunatis kirbis žalbor torgim on plasre um šla?
13:31 Sredny Stog*
That's Russian, the Ukrainian equivalent is romanized as Serednii Stih; as it is located in Ukraine after all.
@ No, no. It's tendentious. This khokholization of history needs to stop.
@@decem_sagittae Modern IE academics use the Ukrainian term so we just picked one to stay consistent. It isn't a political choice.
@@AryusResearch Only some modern IE academics and only since the war started. Like the totally not-politically-motivated shift to "Kyivan" Rus from Kievan Rus. I don't think I need to elaborate on this any further given your specialization.
Isn't chalkolithic pronounced /kælkoˈli.θik/ from *χαλκός* /kʰalˈkos/ the Greek word for _copper_ ? 🤔
Yes.
Maybe but it's not something a non-Greek speaker is likely to get correct. Just like you'd fail as a Greek to pronounce *Norge* or *Noreg* .
It's just Africans. Europe isn't continent.
In any case it's Eurasia, not Africa, duh.
@Arthur-pc1eh That didn't stop Africans. Africa civilized Europe multiple times. Here I made a podcast about it. ua-cam.com/video/dkFK3KODI-w/v-deo.htmlsi=0SzpODXHsjCPL51C
Least unhinged Afrocentrist.
I'm not sure if you're interested if you're only focusing on indo european studies but I really recommend reading and maybe doing a video about the Yeniseians, it is fascinating the role they may have played in history, and from a scale of France to Chile... The potential of them being elite rulers in many different nomadic groups in history is super interesting and especially how many of loanwords they may have influenced. The Xiongnu, the Huns, the first humans to inhabit the Americas, i think it's fascinating that they're tied to all of them
We will likely explore other groups at some point, especially in the whole ANE conversation and the influence to/from neighbouring language families.
04:15 This might be one of the most ambiguous sentences ever spoken in an Indo-European language. 😂 No ambiguity about the quality of the channel though. Always glad to see more from you!
F C K N Z S
I love how all of Europe is considered Indo European but the modern borders of Hungary, like its 100% then 0%.
Hungarian language descends from proto-uralic
I've recently saw another video and read in a magazine that there's another theory that kind of complements the step, Armenian and Anatolian hypothesis. If I remember correctly, it takes climate changes Into account and how the environment and landscape in those areas would have been 6,000-8,000 years ago and before that. Apparently, IE languages have many words that would indicate a woodland environment, rather than plains, and also words that indicated some body of water. The author said the original homeland of PIE speakers, or I guess PIA, might've been the southern shores of the Caspian Sea and from there they'd have migrated to the north and south. I think it sounds good too and they would've been close enough to Iran and India to migrate there, raid and perhaps invade at some point. All modern hypothesis seem to indicate an area somewhere in between the Caspian and the Noth Sea, either north or south of the Caucasus. None of the supposed homelands is very far from the other, but the mountains are right in the middle, which makes it hard for all to be right at the same time. The possibility of being related to Kartvelian, Semitic or Uralic languages makes everything even more intriguing.
very Indo-European
Great content! Instantly subbed. BUT the background music is in my opinion way too loud. I think it even interferes with auto-texting, it shouldn't make so many errors when the narrator is so clear.
The person who saw a connection between Farsi and German and related it to the Scythians was so brilliant. It was such a precise guess! I'm genuinely impressed.
Outstanding series, I love how up to date it is! Shame these kinds of videos always bring out the crazies in the comment section but oh well, interaction is interaction I guess.
Praise ve the algorithmic gods to bring upon me your relaunched channel! All the best to everyone involved.
this peaceful spread is all nice and good, but doesnt genetic data kinda confirm that the indoeuropeans invaded from the step, dethroned local elites and replaced them, in some regions heavier in some regions more ammending them and mixing with local elites? afaik population genetis pretty much confirmed this view.
You don't need to kill off thousands or millions of males to erase their genetic traces. Sexual selection does that. Hundreds of males over generations with no partners and thus no descendants. Local females selecting more desired males (which can be from the recent more successful conquering elite), either for their wealth, position and livelihood or simply because of their appearance. It's happened over and over.
We mention this from around 21:57 onwards
Not a bad summary. 23:53 But these two did turn over in their graves. Their archaeologist is still alive. might be worth a read : Andronovo Problem, By Stanislav Grigoriev and Twenty-first century clouds over Indo-European homelands J. P. Mallory
the narrator has a very nice pronounciation of german words and names
Pan Turkic trolls entering again. Best of their "Science": - indo European is fake racist theory - the "Alps" are named after Turkic people - Sumerians, Etruscans, Santa Clause were Turkic - Turkish guy discovered America.
Yeah, it's like there were no Turks before the Middle Ages and were nothing before their expansion (being a tiny community near Altai), but somehow they were everywhere before anyone else. And even worse, it's Anatolian Turks (who are Greek, Hittite, Armenian, Kurdish, Persian and Phrygian, and like 5% Turkic) who promote this bullshit. It's like Zulus claiming they are Vikings because they were conquered by Brits.
@@Arthur-pc1eh "no Turks before the Middle Ages and were nothing before their expansion (being a tiny community near Altai), but somehow they were everywhere before anyone else." Harvard 2024. The Turkic language evolved from two cultures in Altai. Bulan Koby (Pazyryk Saka) and Kok Pash (Hunnu). Lir Turkic Oghuric spread from Kok Pash, but Shaz Turkic general Turkic came from Bulan Koby and Kok Pash. There were three migrations from northern Asia. One from northern fertile forest-steppe from Altai to Volga. The other from the southern steppe from Mongolia to Iran Turkmenistan. Northern Turkic direct Sako-Massaget, Scytho-Sarmat and Hunnic races. Central Asian Southern Turkic are Xianbei-Xiongnu which in addition assimilated the Toсharians and other Persians. The original Turkic are descendants of two great steppe peoples. Therefore, you burn.