X-raying fossils has been around for a long while. It's an old technology but all we had in years gone by. A colleague had a complete baby plesiosaur we found together, that was encased in a 4' x 4' x 6'' slab, x-rayed some 35 years ago. It showed both the skin (body) outline around the bone and the head attached. Very (very!) useful to know before prepping. X-rays don't do 3D output but CD scans will. If you find another penguin or reptile fossilised in shale (when the remains are compressed between sediment - Lias style), I suggest an x-ray as a possible means of identifying any preserved soft tissue residues. It certainly worked for us in the UK. I'm less confident about finding soft tissue remains in phosphatic nodules. Perhaps preservation of remains under anaerobic conditions would help to prevent predation and decomposition of soft tissues?
The nodules we find are either calcite or dolomite, I'm not sure about soft tissue preservation, I will have to go take another look at those scans of the penguin! Appreciate the info, the plesiosaur sounds amazing!
It's amazing to me that the CT scanner can distinguish the fossilized crab from the surrounding rock. The printing technology is so cool! Thank you for sharing this fantastic process!
This whole process is so amazing. The 3D printing technology, both software and machine, seem miraculous to me. And that’s not counting the aspect that the subject is millions of years old and encased in solid rock you found on a beach! I hope the people in the radiology lab are enjoying this adventurous departure from people insides. With that wide smile of delight, I don’t have to wonder if you had fun with this. Thanks for sharing this unique experience.
Hi. It's amazing how tech allows non-invasive examinations of specimens like this. These techniques are used outside of paleology and in archaeology are so sophisticated that in some cases even texts can be read from artifacts that are far too fragile to be exposed. Thanks for the great videos - both entertaining and informative.
Very cool mate! You have so much fun and your happiness is contagious! I have a fossil crab with insides. Is that rare? The carapace is missing on top and you can see the internal structures. A fun find in any case! Always enjoy your videos and its interesting to see the technology you use to assist your endeavours.
Isn't that wonderful! Now begins the painstaking process of exposing this very old fellow at least vicariously to light once again after all the eons he's spent trapped in stone.
i would leave it like it is, displaying the rock with the crab on top with a plaque "this crab is inside this rock" way more interesting and conversational
An awesome insight on how 3d printing works. Love to learn more about it. I definitly want to give it a try aswel some day. Just one of many projects for in the future.
Come on Malambo, with your expert IT knowledge, I thought you would have coupled the scanner information to a ruby lazer by know so you could put in x,y,z axis and lazer prepped a fossil in minutes by now 😊. Regards Richard 🇬🇧
Enjoyed this one... does the University charge you for using their CT scanner? I know from personal experience how expensive they are for us humans! Cheers!
Hey bro, this is way to cool. Next time I have a CT scan I’ll bring some concretions with me lol. The technology these days is pretty cool. Thanks for sharing man. Talk to you later
That is perfect timing! I picked up a small concretion which has- what I think- a small skull sticking out. It has only like a 2cm diameter and I will be able to use a microCT machine of my university to scan it. Dou you have any advice regarding the beam power needed to get a nice scan on that scale? Also working and segmentating 3D CT and MRI scans is what I do part time, but mostly from wood related products, as that is what I am doing research about. If you ever want to have a very small fossil scanned you can hit me up and send it to germany, I should be able to provide a very detailed scan for you, our voxel size for a 2cm specimen is usually around 4 micrometers ;) All the best from Hamburg, Niklas
ah thanks Niklas! I will keep that in mind for sure! 4 micrometers is crazy detailed, this was taking at about 50. I have no idea on the beam size at all, the technician sorted all that out 😂 When you scan the skull, I would love to see the results! My email is mamlambofossils@gmail.com.
Awesome video! You might have mentioned this before in one of your videos, but how can you tell which way is up on the concretion and which way is the bottom of the crab? Without the xray.
I get it wrong all the time, some people say the shape of the legs or concretion can give you clues. I often look to see if I see the larger bulge where the big crab claw is but if that's not visible it's 50 / 50 for me.
I have no idea either lol, but I'm sure if you had a chat with a CNC workshop, or asked on your channel, people would have advice? You have 500k subscribers, someone is definitely going to know what to do. @@MamlamboFossils
I love the care you take with the fossils. So much more satisfying than watching someone hit a rock with a hammer and hope for the best. Thanks for all of your hard work, it's appreciated. 👍💯✌🇨🇦♥️
if we had home scanning and you did actually want to prep rather than just print a specimen, you could have a pair of Augmented Reality goggles guide you through the prep work - a bit like they are doing for surgeons...
I have dozens of trilobites in matrix. A print of them with a bit of scaffold connecting them all would be interesting. It is quite soft, specimens including so I've not tried to prepare it.
Just out of curiosity, has Pacific Radiology ever offered the FOV, kVp and mA for their scans? (Field of View, kiloVolts(peak), and milliAmps) I wonder if I can get an Oral Surgeon colleague to let me run a few scans on their cone-bean machine when they have a day off... possibly. I should think about possible skills/equipment-to-trade.
Regarding organ conservation of fossil arthropods: the fossilized specimens are mostly hollow exuviae/moults. Exuviae are moulted over and over again during the lifetime of a single crab. Whereas it is comparatively rare that a crab just dies. Most of the time crabs are killed by predators. A crab killed by a predator is most likely consumed afterwards and doesn't get the chance to fossilize. Whereas exuviae are much more common and much less interesting for predators. Therefore, they fossilize easier. The carapaces of crabs are flipped open during the molting process but they often flip right back into place. Maybe you have noticed this already with recent exuviae on beaches.
@@MamlamboFossils forgive me if you've explained this before, but you have gathered a lot of fossils for a personal collection, unless they're going to a museum.
Probably a stupid question , but how did you initially know there was a fossil in it and it wasn't just a pebble? Do you routinely scan them after collection ?
thats really cool!! I wonder if you could put one on like a printer setup but have it chip away alot of the waste rock for you lol save you alot of time
yep that would work well! maybe drill a hole or two on the underneath so you could orientate correctly and hold it firmly...I have some huge concreations from tarawera area state highway 5 one cracked and had freshwater snail shell bout 150mm..if you are ever up these ways i can show you where they are exactly or could probably do by google..figure they were blown out of lake taupo...@@MamlamboFossils
You can download it and print it here, there are places online that will print it or some libraries also do it: sketchfab.com/3d-models/large-tumidocarcinus-giganteus-crab-ae84ab9fa4da4f31be107d1f60a84689
Thank you so much for responding to my question. I will definetly look into it. Been watching your channel for 2-3 yrs now. Love it. You do an amazing job. I see how people send you stuff all the time, if i wanted to send you some fossils how would do that? What address do i send to ? Thanks@@MamlamboFossils
@@miked2125 That's very kind of you! My postal address is: Morne Mamlambo PO Box 78018 7648 New Zealand But it's super expensive to send things to New Zealand so please don't send anything important or big! A postcard is just as cool to receive!
Computers and 3d printers is good , but is not news .Do You Open it ( stone ) ?( для сравнения результатов , как исследователю - не интересно ?) . This is more interesting , I think .Perfect! .
One question why is everything found in sedimentary rock. There is profound evidence. All over the world. The Bible talks about a global. Flood that happened to the earth. I now it tends to to confound the science community. I used to be an evolutionist. Now I am not. But I’m not eregunt. Lemay
When you see rivers full of mud going into the ocean, that is sediment which covers some dead animals and some of those will become fossils. Metamorphic rock destroys fossils or makes them difficult to recognise. Volcanic rock usually burns the fossils so they aren't preserved (lava flow) but sometimes you find them in volcanic rock, just very rarely.
Thanks for watching everyone! If you want 100+ bonus videos, check out my Patreon channel: www.patreon.com/mamlambo
X-raying fossils has been around for a long while. It's an old technology but all we had in years gone by. A colleague had a complete baby plesiosaur we found together, that was encased in a 4' x 4' x 6'' slab, x-rayed some 35 years ago. It showed both the skin (body) outline around the bone and the head attached. Very (very!) useful to know before prepping. X-rays don't do 3D output but CD scans will. If you find another penguin or reptile fossilised in shale (when the remains are compressed between sediment - Lias style), I suggest an x-ray as a possible means of identifying any preserved soft tissue residues. It certainly worked for us in the UK. I'm less confident about finding soft tissue remains in phosphatic nodules. Perhaps preservation of remains under anaerobic conditions would help to prevent predation and decomposition of soft tissues?
The nodules we find are either calcite or dolomite, I'm not sure about soft tissue preservation, I will have to go take another look at those scans of the penguin! Appreciate the info, the plesiosaur sounds amazing!
I laughed hard at the structural crab! 😂
🤣🤣🤣
Incredible!!!! Printing out the fossil that's IN the rock!!!!
I know!! It's such a game changer!
this is awesome. im glad i found your channel a while ago🤙🏻
Me too! Stoked you are enjoying the videos as well!
Happy prepping GL
This is fantastic,it will never get old watching you reveal fossils,virtual or actual.
Virtual is a bit quicker 😄
It's amazing to me that the CT scanner can distinguish the fossilized crab from the surrounding rock. The printing technology is so cool! Thank you for sharing this fantastic process!
I'm glad you enjoyed it!
The crab shell is made of a different material then the surrounding rock, that's why it shows up as two distinctly different things on the CT.
This was awesome to watch, happy to have tuned in! Looking forward for the next video, also I will show you as I said, how the sea urchins turn out.
Thanks so much Linus, can't wait to see those urchins!
@@MamlamboFossils I'll keep you updated on them!
This whole process is so amazing. The 3D printing technology, both software and machine, seem miraculous to me. And that’s not counting the aspect that the subject is millions of years old and encased in solid rock you found on a beach! I hope the people in the radiology lab are enjoying this adventurous departure from people insides. With that wide smile of delight, I don’t have to wonder if you had fun with this. Thanks for sharing this unique experience.
💯%
Hi. It's amazing how tech allows non-invasive examinations of specimens like this. These techniques are used outside of paleology and in archaeology are so sophisticated that in some cases even texts can be read from artifacts that are far too fragile to be exposed.
Thanks for the great videos - both entertaining and informative.
Pulling a bird from thin air isn't magic. Making an accurate model of a creature fossilized in rock without seeing it is 🎩
Awesome that you can look before prep...going to help you emencly
It's so good to be able to visualize it before prepping!
Fascinating, thanks for sharing... more please ❤
This is just friggin amazing! I can't believe so many crabs formed into rock
there mustve been so many crabs in the ocean
That. Is. So. Cool!! The whole process is fascinating. Thank you for sharing it with us.
My pleasure!!
Always enjoy looking inside those rocks with you.
Fascinating science
This is so cool! Thanks for sharing with us!
My pleasure! I'm glad you enjoyed it!
Literally just found your channel, immediately I can see you need your own x-ray machine! Amazing.
Oh, I have googled that 😂
Extraordinary, spectacular video! Thanks for sharing this, made my week 👍👍😉⭐⭐
Yay!! I'm glad you enjoyed it!!
Very cool mate! You have so much fun and your happiness is contagious!
I have a fossil crab with insides. Is that rare? The carapace is missing on top and you can see the internal structures. A fun find in any case!
Always enjoy your videos and its interesting to see the technology you use to assist your endeavours.
I haven't found one before, I'd love to see your crab if you want to email me some pics: mamlambofossils@gmail.com
@@MamlamboFossils Sure, I'll take some snaps and send them to you. 😃
Things keep evolving into crabs.
It was really neat to see what was hidden inside - thank you for walking us through the process!
My pleasure!
Here is an million dollar idea, a hand-held x-ray thingamajig that we can bring to beaches and scan every rock we walk pass.
Nice, I'd buy one
Isn't that wonderful! Now begins the painstaking process of exposing this very old fellow at least vicariously to light once again after all the eons he's spent trapped in stone.
i would leave it like it is, displaying the rock with the crab on top with a plaque "this crab is inside this rock" way more interesting and conversational
I'll do that!
Fascinating. Loved that one.
Cool, even scientists don't always use tomography to study fossils👍
Your computer scanned magic kung fu is strong.
Hahahah thanks Moto! It's so much fun looking at those scans!! I need a little portable one
Very cool video!
Thank you very much!
That is fecking amazing, dude. Isn't new technology mind-blowing!
Awesomeness
That was great. So glad I watched this. Thank you.
Glad you enjoyed it!
An awesome insight on how 3d printing works. Love to learn more about it.
I definitly want to give it a try aswel some day.
Just one of many projects for in the future.
Your oreodont skull would be great to turn into a 3D model, I could then print it!
That would be something cool! We may could work on this somewhere in the near future😁
I enjoyed this very much!
Yay!! I'm glad you did!
Imagine if the X-ray had 4k resolution.
It will get there!
Come on Malambo, with your expert IT knowledge, I thought you would have coupled the scanner information to a ruby lazer by know so you could put in x,y,z axis and lazer prepped a fossil in minutes by now 😊. Regards Richard 🇬🇧
I've been playing around with some ideas 😄
Enjoyed this one... does the University charge you for using their CT scanner? I know from personal experience how expensive they are for us humans! Cheers!
This was done as part of Pacific Radiology's community outreach
Hey bro, this is way to cool. Next time I have a CT scan I’ll bring some concretions with me lol. The technology these days is pretty cool. Thanks for sharing man. Talk to you later
Lol, just strap a bunch to your leg 😁
fascinating!
Thanks!
What an amazing way of finding out whats inside! And to make a 3d print out of, wow! We sure have come a long way the last 20 years
Imagine where we will be in another 10!
That is perfect timing! I picked up a small concretion which has- what I think- a small skull sticking out. It has only like a 2cm diameter and I will be able to use a microCT machine of my university to scan it. Dou you have any advice regarding the beam power needed to get a nice scan on that scale?
Also working and segmentating 3D CT and MRI scans is what I do part time, but mostly from wood related products, as that is what I am doing research about.
If you ever want to have a very small fossil scanned you can hit me up and send it to germany, I should be able to provide a very detailed scan for you, our voxel size for a 2cm specimen is usually around 4 micrometers ;)
All the best from Hamburg, Niklas
ah thanks Niklas! I will keep that in mind for sure! 4 micrometers is crazy detailed, this was taking at about 50. I have no idea on the beam size at all, the technician sorted all that out 😂 When you scan the skull, I would love to see the results! My email is mamlambofossils@gmail.com.
Awesome. I always wanted to find fossil crabs. I had a buddy who had a site but he wouldn't share the site with me.
They are out there!
I loved watching your 10x speed fossil prep video. I will subscribe if you do another. Would you could do it on this fossil?
I have a whole bunch of prep videos
awesome!
Thanks Julian !
New York, Germany, Pennsylvania, Italy, Romania, New Zealand, Kentucky, and Michigan checked in
Thanks bro!!
Amazing non-invasive tools for looking inside rocks.
It's pretty rad!!
So cool! Can't wait for more1 Cheers! (from the Dallas, TX area, USA)
I'm glad you enjoyed it!
Brilliant technology! Brilliant video! Thank you…
Glad you liked it!
Mate that was awesome! Did it cost much to scan?
Pacific Radiology did it as part of their community outreach 😀
As always super cool. Be interesting to know if scanning can be booked and paid for and what the cost is.
I'm sure you contact a radiology place they will let you know! They enjoy doing cool things like fossils
Awesome video! You might have mentioned this before in one of your videos, but how can you tell which way is up on the concretion and which way is the bottom of the crab? Without the xray.
I get it wrong all the time, some people say the shape of the legs or concretion can give you clues. I often look to see if I see the larger bulge where the big crab claw is but if that's not visible it's 50 / 50 for me.
3d model then CNC mill the bulk of material away? Epic time saver, this could be a fun proof of concept experiment?
I've thought of that! I need some more experience with a CNC machine!
I have no idea either lol, but I'm sure if you had a chat with a CNC workshop, or asked on your channel, people would have advice? You have 500k subscribers, someone is definitely going to know what to do.
@@MamlamboFossils
Technologies Is GREAT THINKS .(You have a Much Progress .) Congratulations !
I love the care you take with the fossils. So much more satisfying than watching someone hit a rock with a hammer and hope for the best. Thanks for all of your hard work, it's appreciated. 👍💯✌🇨🇦♥️
My pleasure! I'm glad you enjoy it!
This is so cool. Petition to scan the entire Earth. 🦖🦕🦀🐧
Yes!!
That is awesome, thanks for sharing this with us, nothing like the real thing, the 3D modeling is very cool also and you stay safe as well
Thanks, you too!
This is so fascinating!
I'm glad you enjoyed it!
Great video!
Thanks so much!
Loved learning about this
Glad you enjoyed it!
very cool - looks like what is needed is an AI stage to learn to discern matrix from fossil and the production of cheap, home scanning technology...
if we had home scanning and you did actually want to prep rather than just print a specimen, you could have a pair of Augmented Reality goggles guide you through the prep work - a bit like they are doing for surgeons...
I've played around with that 😄
@@MamlamboFossils I remember something you did about training an AI to recognise microfossils ?
That is simply amazing.
The tech is so cool!
I love science and what technology can do.
It's pretty incredible!
Magic!
Tech is amazing. Fun video
It really is!
I have dozens of trilobites in matrix. A print of them with a bit of scaffold connecting them all would be interesting. It is quite soft, specimens including so I've not tried to prepare it.
That would be quite cool. You might need a micro CT for something that small.to get the detail
Amazing!
Thank you! Cheers!
Cool
I also use blender cura and 3dpronting. What printer dyou use?
Ender 3 v2 neo
That is so amazing! ❤
I'm glad you enjoyed it!
That's so cool sir thank you for sharing this with us six stars brother
My pleasure Joseph!!
Just out of curiosity, has Pacific Radiology ever offered the FOV, kVp and mA for their scans?
(Field of View, kiloVolts(peak), and milliAmps)
I wonder if I can get an Oral Surgeon colleague to let me run a few scans on their cone-bean machine when they have a day off... possibly.
I should think about possible skills/equipment-to-trade.
Sorry, I don't know the exact settings they used but the technician / dentist will know for sure. It might be a bit of trial and error though.
До чего наука и технологии дошли. Здорово! Спасибо!
NOW show us the hard work of getting the crab out of the rock!
ua-cam.com/video/yjdER2xAQRg/v-deo.html
Regarding organ conservation of fossil arthropods: the fossilized specimens are mostly hollow exuviae/moults. Exuviae are moulted over and over again during the lifetime of a single crab. Whereas it is comparatively rare that a crab just dies. Most of the time crabs are killed by predators. A crab killed by a predator is most likely consumed afterwards and doesn't get the chance to fossilize. Whereas exuviae are much more common and much less interesting for predators. Therefore, they fossilize easier. The carapaces of crabs are flipped open during the molting process but they often flip right back into place. Maybe you have noticed this already with recent exuviae on beaches.
I have found moults, they are not as nicely inflated as the ones where the crabs actually died (maybe burrows or big turbidity currents?)
@@MamlamboFossils that's also possible and much more likely given that you can differentiate moults from dead crabs. 🙈
When your perpairing the model to print, Why not rotate the model 90 degrees so it sets flat on the base plate and reduce your printing time ?
You lose detail and the layer lines are very visible then. You want more layers as that = more detail in my experience
You know, since it's mostly intact and untouched, you could sell it as diy specimen as well.
I don't sell fossils 😀
@@MamlamboFossils forgive me if you've explained this before, but you have gathered a lot of fossils for a personal collection, unless they're going to a museum.
@nunyabisnass1141 I give them away at school visits but I keep them in the country as per the laws
Probably a stupid question , but how did you initially know there was a fossil in it and it wasn't just a pebble? Do you routinely scan them after collection ?
I could see the legs sticking out the side like in this video ua-cam.com/users/shorts6mhX3ttObwU?feature=share
thats really cool!! I wonder if you could put one on like a printer setup but have it chip away alot of the waste rock for you lol save you alot of time
A CNC machine would work!
yep that would work well! maybe drill a hole or two on the underneath so you could orientate correctly and hold it firmly...I have some huge concreations from tarawera area state highway 5 one cracked and had freshwater snail shell bout 150mm..if you are ever up these ways i can show you where they are exactly or could probably do by google..figure they were blown out of lake taupo...@@MamlamboFossils
Super, man.
Thanks Will!
that was fun
This is so cool, haha.
Thanks!!
Has this technique been used in the paleontology profession?
Yeah, it's used regularly - seeing stomach contents, brain endocasts... so many uses!
FASCINATING 👩🏻🏫👵🏻🧔♂️🦀👏🏻🥰‼️
Will you sell me a printed copy of the crab?
You can download it and print it here, there are places online that will print it or some libraries also do it: sketchfab.com/3d-models/large-tumidocarcinus-giganteus-crab-ae84ab9fa4da4f31be107d1f60a84689
how much it cost for this x ray? I have a couole that i need to do. Also, where?
This was done as part of their outreach program. You can check with some industrial scanning places, they do it for checking welds
Thank you so much for responding to my question. I will definetly look into it. Been watching your channel for 2-3 yrs now. Love it. You do an amazing job. I see how people send you stuff all the time, if i wanted to send you some fossils how would do that? What address do i send to ? Thanks@@MamlamboFossils
Also, i have some pics of fossils i've found on my phone, is there any way i could send them to you so you could give me your thoughts? Thanks
@@miked2125 That's very kind of you! My postal address is:
Morne Mamlambo
PO Box 78018
7648
New Zealand
But it's super expensive to send things to New Zealand so please don't send anything important or big! A postcard is just as cool to receive!
How about pics? So you'll know whether or not its worth sending. Thanks
@@MamlamboFossils
brilliant SO interesting 🐨🐨🦘🦘
Thanks Sue!
Not Xray then?
Well, a bunch of xrays
🦀🦀🦀🦀🦀
Is handmake anological ?
Computers and 3d printers is good , but is not news .Do You Open it ( stone ) ?( для сравнения результатов , как исследователю - не интересно ?) . This is more interesting , I think .Perfect! .
yes, look at my other videos
what could be more cool! Thanks for sharing. Gobsmacked!
I'm glad you enjoyed it! Thanks so much for watching!
One question why is everything found in sedimentary rock. There is profound evidence. All over the world. The Bible talks about a global. Flood that happened to the earth. I now it tends to to confound the science community. I used to be an evolutionist. Now I am not. But I’m not eregunt. Lemay
When you see rivers full of mud going into the ocean, that is sediment which covers some dead animals and some of those will become fossils. Metamorphic rock destroys fossils or makes them difficult to recognise. Volcanic rock usually burns the fossils so they aren't preserved (lava flow) but sometimes you find them in volcanic rock, just very rarely.