India’s 1st Indigenous Nuclear Reactor is Ready | Benefits of Pressurize heavy water reactors PHWRs
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- Опубліковано 2 лип 2023
- On 30th June 2023, India started the operation of its first domestically built 700-megawatt nuclear reactor Kakrapar Atomic Power Station.
We'll also learn different types of nuclear reactors, what is Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) and why are they useful, safe, and efficient.
#nuclear #nuclearpowerplant #india
HARD WATER AND HEAVY WATER ARE DIFFERENT,
HARD WATER HAVE DISSOLVED SALTS WHILE HEAVY WATER(D2O) IS WATER WITH DEUTERIUM A ISOTOPE OF HYDROGEN
Thank You Bhai
Absolutely not right.
D2O ie; the heavy water is the isotope of the soft/normal water H2O.
Hope you got my point. 👍
Isotope can be only of element i.e. Hydrogen (H). Not of molecule i.e. water (H2O). Deuterium is an isotope of Hydrogen (same atomic number of 1 but mass number of 2 as the nucleus contains 1 proton + 1 neutron).
The molecule formed by elements Deuterium & Oxygen is heavy water (D2O), just like molecule H2O formed by union of elements Hydrogen & Oxygen.
Remembering physical chemistry of school after so many years. 😊
Exactly! Why does he say like Hard water and Heavy water are the same? He must have not attended physics class 11/12 ...
+1
We need to get serious on commercial thorium reactors. ASAP.
Forget it soon. Like Jet engines, the thorium reactors are "under development" since last two decades and will be so for next two-three decades. We need to fix the cuts in research funds. I am a scientist and I know how insufficient funding and lazy bureaucracy is killing our research and motivation. We cry and die everyday, seeing our projects, our years of research being wasted.
@@gauravdube8133 yeah. Our scientists dont get enough funding thats why they leave the country
Babu culture
@@gauravdube8133 sometimes i dont get why the head of a research institute is an bureaucrat
@@SAY-jf3hy It is always like that and we scientist hate it. Even yesterday Modi govt launched National Research Fund (NRF) of 6-7 billion dollars over 5 years. But you know the President of this fund is Narendra Modi and installed a bureaucracy babus and politicians to drive this fund. I support the current govt. in many things but not this. Anyways, irrespective of which govt it is, its always been a bad situation for scientists and research in India. And that too with such little funding they still vanish it. That is why I and many other scientist, left the the central govt laboratory and settled with lot of respect abroad. Unfortunately, India lost many such scientists to politicians and bureaucrats. I hope this will change.
Heavy water isn’t hard water. It has a neutron in its hydrogen atom, about doubling the weight of the hydrogen which normally only has a proton. I believe we have to manufacture it with electrolysis.
Congratulation though. Great news
It just two oxygen coupled with isotopes of hydrogen.
The process of electrolysis is a topic concerned about movement of positive and negative ions.
yeah but it is also easily to make
Yeah heavy water is D2O
heavy water is D2O not hard water
Deuterium is the heavy isotope of H
Yeah exactly
Sir,We cannot use hard water which contains magnesium and calcium which solidify on inner walls of boiler ans act as thermal insulators reducing the efficiency of the power generation
While heavy water means D2O contains two deuterium instead of hydrogen atoms giving it nuclear characteristics
So hard water and Heavy water are not same, slide in the video shows hard water containing calcium and magnesium
His other videos are on about the same level of accuracy and truthfulness.
It's astounding that a guy making such a basic errors has 1.8mln subscribers.
@@SkywalkerWroc Cannot be a master of all.
D20 has a lesser dissociation rate, I have seen some articles indicate it as hard water for this property.
But D2O is not the hard water from ground source.
Looking for this comment. This video has many more mistakes. 🤦
@user-ii8lj8ny6y then do the research. The guy just skims over the headlines and cherry-picks stuff that fits his narrative (Moldi the best leader in the world, West evil but rich, Russia good and moral) then makes videos out of authoritive position while in reality being a grumpy basement dweller. He doesn't seem to be interested in facts.
As a youth aspiring for a government job, I heard the news about KAPP, a nuclear power reactor, commencing its commercial operations. Intrigued by this, I decided to delve deeper into the matter. After watching Sir Amit Sengupta's video, I gained a clear understanding of it all.
why do you aspire for govt job? no skills ?
Excellent News! Indian transition from coal to nuclear is very important both for the country itself, and for the rest of the world as part of the global effort to slow climate change.
I didn’t see this news either in the print or electronic media. The political drama of Maharashtra is more important for them. Many thanks for bringing us this important news, giving us Gyan about the type of nuclear reactor in use for power generation.
Well done, india!
Congratulations India.
Until it becomes Chernobyl.
Chal bhag pappu pind chutiye
@@akIndia10Chernobyl happened due to human negligence which could have been easily avoided.
If you had mentioned Fukushima then that would have added some weight to your comment. But please don't make BS arguments like the German Greens' party's anti-scientific anti-nuclear power propaganda.
@@akIndia10 paranoid
@@akIndia10it has been 40 years(50+ years if we calculate Chernobyl design ), the technology difference is far better now
Hey!
I'm not from India, but as part of a university project I was researching Uranium Enrichment, and came across some articles about a Facility located in a city called 'Mysore'. You should make a video on that!
Congratulations India, please stay safe!
Lol that's India's nuclear city, its a secret project
It's funny how you wrote "in a city called Mysore". It's one of the most famous cities of India !
Open source intl capturing 😂😂😂 technic😂😂😂😂
I was one of the engineers in LnT which has built the civil infrastructure of Kakrapara nuclear reactor. It feels so good to see it working.
Decent research and a good explanation for Layman understanding. Please allow me to clarify few things.
*India has been operating 200MW and 550MW for almost 2 decades now. It is the 700MW unit that is first of its kind. The news article says "India builts its first 700MW nuclear reactor" Nuclear Reactors are not build in 2-3 years. The planning, development and administrative process were carried out before modi government came to the power. Associating this with a particular government would indicate unnecessary political biasedness. What is being delivered now is a fruit of the efforts of the previous government. In contrast to the public opinion, R&D in India is at the same pace as it was before, if not reduced due to now overly tedious purchase process. (I am qualified to say this)
* Secondly,
-PWR is technology of the US,
-PHWR is canadian design
-BWR is of Europe's design (now slowly being phased out)
-Graphite moderated reactors were Russian designare (now phased out due to their risky nature; remember Chernobyl? )
MSBR, AGR, SMR are demonstrate concepts whose safety costs outweighs the economic viability.
PWR is superior to all. Basically simple and robust design. Fuel it once and forget it for 30 years. India uses PHWR type only because it can runs on natural uranium. Frequent online refuelling (usually few times an year) is required which increases radiation and proliferation risk associated with material handling. As per IAEA's standard India doesn't even have the Uranium ore. Still, India works with what it has, as best as it can.
*All radio isotope generation and other things can be done in any nuclear reactors. PWRs being haveing relatively higher neutron flux are infact more efficient at that.
*Heavy water and hard water are different thing. Hard water has dissolved salts that make it hard while heavy water doesn't have any salts but the atoms itself are deuterium instead Hydrogen. It is costly and cannot be extracted from aquifers. Heavy water for indian nuclear reactors is supplied by heavy water board (HWB). Moreover, the heavy water is only used as neutron moderator, not for cooling. It is the light water that runs into primary cycle that is used for cooling. PHWR reactor is not inherently safe like PWRs.
We should be proud at our achievement but at the same time not overlook out limitations. Particularly in nuclear industry. It is that kind ideology that resulted in Chernobyl.
Good information, than you !
I too reached criticality via your videos.....
😂😂 such innovative compliment. I am also going to use it.
Need a video on the Indian thorium story. It's reported theft in TN and prevention on the development of thorium based reactor. India reportedly has the highest thorium deposits.
I'm a fan of CANDU-type reactors, which India's PHWR discussed here seems to be an offshoot. However, as the narrator insists on saying, heavy water (D2O) and hard water (H20 laced with dissolved minerals) are hardly synonymous with one another.
Like to add a point that D2O is hard to find due to its rare presence and also separating it out form normal H2O, which makes it a critical component for the whole operation
@@roshangudhe5264: Please!
That's great news, considering the certainly fast growing energy needs of India.
You meant heavy water, not hard water. Heavy water is not naturally available it uses deuterium its hydrogen isotope. Hard water will have various silicates, chlorides fluorides etc in it.
Sir, Hard water and Heavy water are two different things.
Heavy water is D2O, while Hard water is H20 with salts of Chlorides, Carbonates and Sulphates.
May we see such thing in existence very soon in Nigeria .
My friend is Scientific officer at kakrapara nuclear power plant of DAE.
Sir kindly cover some more India's powerplant in a separate videos..
I just watched rocket boys and this video is perfect to follow after that
Congratulations India, what an excellent achievement.
Congrats India! :D
India is richer than China.
Double toilets 双喜
Toilet and kitchen in one
Destroying buildings
Destroying the environment
Destroying your crops causing floods
Destroying the forests turning them into Farmlands.
Returning Forests into Farmlands
Many people died because you need to get Covid test before going to a hospital.
Many people died because the firemen need to get Covid test before putting out the fire .
I think there was a bit of confusion in the beginning. Hard water is water with a good amount of dissolved salts. Heavy water, on the other hand, is water that has varying degrees of extra protons 2H (Deuterium) and 3H (Tritium - very rare).
Two reactors should have been installed but only one installed by dec2022
Already missed several deadlines
Sir, Heavy water and Hard water are two different things. May please review.
Please make a video on what is difference between economics and economy
Gujarat ko puri tarike se self sustaining state bana diya Indian govt ne...Well done. Baaki states bhaar me jaaye.
You are coming out with a very informative video after a rather longish hiatus. Need more of your well researched video knowledge trove to stay informed.
Hard water isn’t heavy water. His videos are falling off in quality.
Please correct. PHWR uses heavy water which is water with the deuterium isotope if hydrogen. It is produced from natural sources of hydrogen through cycles if enrichment. India is presently the largest producer of heavy water. Hard water is essentially impure water which cannot be used in any industry as it is.
@Amit Sengupta: 2:00 It is not hard water, it is heavy water. Heavy water is an isotope of normal water where deuterium bonds with oxygen instead of hydrogen. Deuterium is an isotope of hydrogen with one extra neutron. The extra neutron increases the likelihood of slowing down the speeding neutrons, and therefore, is a better moderator compared to normal water.
Hard water is simply normal water mixed with several minerals / salts.
Thank you for Your Efforts Sir
Waiting for 900 MW reactor soon India needs to catchup many countries going on with >1000 MW reactor
Make a video on India's first thorium nuclear power plant being built at Kalpakkam.
It will be helpful to know % of imported components in such 700 MW reactor Thanks RKSundaram
Can you make video on progress status of thorium reactors in India.
Sir, please make a video on India's 3 stage nuclear program
Hard Water and heavy Water is different....Don't confuse it.....
Heavy Water comes from heavy Water Reactor from normal water and not hard water
Last 20 yrs we are still building FBR in kalpakkam after 13 yrs research i.e. 33 yrs lost, although they went ahead with production plan after Prototype FBR has been running 8 yrs in criticality. I don't know why there is so much disparity between nuclear scientist in 2 different locations
Nice to see new nuclear plants coming out.
Good job India
Hello sir, I have heard our nuclear ballistic missile submarines also use indigenous nuclear reactor. Can you clarify the differences between these types?
Heavy water and hard water are different. Heavy water is deuterium water. Hard water is normal water with high concentration of magnesium and calcium salts .
Make more of them ....prefect its tech and import tech u have to.....india must excel in everything
Your videos are always informative. Thanks ❤
Just like 3-4 days ago heard someone asking why India isn't building small sized nuclear power plants across country to fulfill India's energy needs.? And here I'm getting news that we have built one and about to build 4-5 s...
Sir, you should've also added how the outcoming hot water is discharged. Untreated or warm water discharge often lowers down the pH levels of the water body thereby destroying the river biodiversity of that area.
In 1980 we had set the target of 10000 MW nuclear power by 2000 AD. Scientists in Atomic Energy used to joke 2000 MW by 10000 AD.
Why?
Hi @Amit Sengupta sir. Can you please explain the 3 stages of India's Nuclear Programme?
Good video. You need to edit and Re upload the Vedic after correcting the mixup about heavy water and hard water.
Heavy water and Hard Water are 2 different things.
Hard water is what you normally get in your toilets for flushing, it's usually drawn out of the ground-water tables and are not purified off disassociated radicals etc.
Heavy water is water made of a heavier isotope of Hydrogen called Deuterium.
Well researched & presented informative video, Amit.
How many Nuclear reactors in operation does Bharat have presently?
How much electricity are they generating?
Any updates on India's Thorium powerplant ?
Can you please create a video on AERB and VECC?
Sir Surat is in which zone of earthquake. Is it any worry from it.
Amazing explanation as always!
Thank you God for blessing India with a fantastic govt .....🙏🙏🙏
Jai guru good evening sir excellent feeling happy guru poornima 🙏👍
@@manusharma5225 thanks a lot for your respect and Jai guru and good evening have a tea time 🙏👍
Subscribed to your channel for the content as well as your soothing voice. :)
2:25 #Hard water - Ca++ or Mg++ ions in regular tap water are bad for reactor. It leaves white residue on boiling.
#Heavy water - D2O (not H2O) is good.
D stands for Deuterium isotope of Hydrogen with 1 proton & 1 nutron.
2:20 Whats the difference between hard water and heavy water ? I used to think hard water is the mineral rich water we get from deep wells.
India should explore Thorium reactors since India accounts for maximum thorium deposits
Informative video, thanks! Just a minor point, I don't think Hard Water is the same as Heavy Water. Hard water means water that has impurities and does not create good lather with soap. Whereas Heavy Water is Deuterium based water
Congratulations from France !
Amit sir, I want to see you as our upcoming EAM in future. ❤ From West Bengal.
Did not get the information about the locations? At first you told about 3 locations but you mentioned 5 other names in slide😢
Jai Hind. Indians BBBW and, India nuclear could now start making money by building 700 MW plants all over in UK and US where there had been a costs runaway nuclear reaction.
Since 2017 there is no change in nuclear energy it is still 6,780MW.
However, it is contributing 3% in total electricity generation in the country.
Hoping present government will do wonders in the renewable energy.
Wonders have been made in solar ans wind sector. Please check the stats in last 10-20years. Expansion of nuclear power plants always face back slash either from oppositions or from so called activists. For e.g in my state WB, central govt planned to install a nuclear power plant in 2015, which was withdrawn after massive political protests by local TMC govt.
Bhavani project which was expected to add 4000 MW wasn't ever completed for the last 20 yrs. It is a total failure. Also 3000 MW planned in Kudamkulam didn't take off and the existing 1000 MW availability is less than 50%. Both the projects were envisioned to be cloned to get 14% of overall energy production but unfortunately nuclear scientists have failed both projects
@@bonitokumar4977they are under construction once done they will give the required power
Eventually, BHAVINI using U-233 in 2024
Striking to note that, no PHWRs are in eastern part of Bharat.
West Bengal was/is better contender among the eastern states to have atleast one PHWR..as the state has better water availability and access to all the neigbouring states especially in the far east.( sikkim,Assam, Arunachal, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura).
But due to Bengal Politics , I think, it is not going to be developed in near future also.. in turn to this.. as a side effect .. this region of Bihar Bengal Jharkhand and all the rest 8 states of north east will be deprived of any big industry.. and thus be financially backward.
I think nuclear reactors like this act as a push factor for rapid industrial growth around it.
In Meghalaya they should make one.....raw material is also in abundance. Search Domiasiat
That isn't how nuclear power works 😂 also, fuel is very energy dense. Fuel you can easily hold in hand has more power than a train of coal. So transportation is not a huge problem either.
Thank you, Amiy...very cool...blessings
Just waiting for when India's east sectors are adopted this tips of technology
Happy Guru purnima sir 🙏🙏🙏
Sir, where r we in terms of small modular type nec fu reactors
And you also have to mention recent terrible Rail Accidents when you admiring Indian Rail
Excellent timing specially when japan wants to release its "treated " water in the seas
What about fast breeder reactor??
Any news about the fastbreader nuclear reactor that India 🇮🇳 is testing now? I heard it's also a 700 MW capacity reactor .
He just uploaded a vid about ut
After years of delay! Yearsss! Thanks to this government!
Instead of 10 we need 100 nos IPHWR to be constructed in fleet mode.
Any news about thorium reactors?
At 2:21There is difference between hard water and heavy water,
Hardness is due to calcium and magnesium salts, but hard water D2O is a different compound,here deutrium is an isotope of hydrogen
Happy gurupurnima sir..🙏🙏
Dear Amit
You have an amazing voice and great command on English. 👌
However, there's a correction that needs to be made in your text. Heavy water is made up of Dueterium Oxide ( D20) which is mildly radioactive. Whereas, hard water is made of dissolved salts, like calcium magnesium sulphates and chlorides!
What is genration of the reactor.
Happy Guru Purnima.
Fantastic! Please explain manipur incident
India has been much more organized with respect to central planning, national & state electricity boards. A lot of efforts have been made over many years, not just recently. BHEL, NTPC, NHPC were not just formed recently.
Okay but 700 MW is really low tho. Since it'll still require all of the concrete shielding and stuff, shouldn't we try to maximize capacity? Currently in the world the EPR1 reactors are capable of 1650MW, while the korean APR reactors have 1400MW. Even current Russian reactors are have 1200MW capacity!
It's a very small reactor. Daily requirement is around 2Lakh MW, while it only produces 700 MW (0.3%). Need to build large power plant.
Please make a video about what is happening in Manipur & why 🙏
What's New India - 12000 HP egine pulling 6000 tns at speed of 120 kmph. There's lot to be done but this is different India.🚩🚩
Thank you sir for sharing unpriced knowledge. 🔥👍 Jai shree Ram
Hard Water isn't Heavy Water 😢
Hard water contains H2O along with compounds of Ca and Mg whereas Heavy water is D2O.
Deuterium has a Neutron, therefore Heavy I guess.
Earlier India had to import D2O but now its self sufficient.
🎉🎉🎉 superb feat! Wohoo!!
Need the 6x1650mw Jaitapur NPP immediately. Cannot wait anymore.
Thank you sir...
When will these 10 Pressurerised heavy water reactors be ready for commissioning.
Sir, is there any online or offline or pendrive course you provide for competitive exams?
Good news.
India has missed the target of Nuclear manytimes due to a lot of politics from other countries. Had this not been the case India would have put much more nuclear capacity. ( The target was 20,000 MW by year 2000 ). Today it is less than 7000 MW. A lot needs to be done. These plants take more than 10 years to build. However Nuclear is the hope for the world. USA, UK are putting up plants again after decades of inactivity in Nuclear area.
Nuclear waste treatment and its re-use, disposal are major issues and a lot of funding must be put in it to have practical/ feasible solutions.
Being from the nuclear fraternity of India just want to correct a statement that heavy water and hard water is not the same. Heavy is an oxide of deuterium(D2O), isotope of hydrogen and hard water is normal water (H2O) also known as light water with lot of dissolved salts.
Anyways, in India PHWR technology was adopted because the it can operate with natural uranium fuel obtained from indian uranium ores whereas light water reactors need enriched uranium fuel. Thus eliminating need of expensive uranium enrichment facilities required for low quality indian ore.
Using natural uranium fuel in PHWRs also helps in generating a substantial quantity of plutonium that can be used in fast neutron reactor to breed more plutonium which shall ultimately breeding thorium for heavy water breeders.