The genius of Alexander the Great | Gregory Aldrete and Lex Fridman
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- Опубліковано 17 вер 2024
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"Conqueror of worlds, yet never a master of his own ambitions."
-Alexander the Great
It's the doing of great things that moves humanity forward - often in accidental ways.
There's no need to hold back on your own ambition... There are plenty of other people out there to do that for you.
@@Leto2ndAtreides The human race has been going insane ever since Alexander burnt the bridges to the past
And the Slavers got complete control , After they killed all the people holding the Oral tradition
Life will return to normal in a few generations , the insanity that Alexander the great priest killing, temple robbing started is almost over
"Why do you think the Roman empire lasted while the Greek empire did not" ---> Ptolemaic Egypt lasted for 300 years
Lol, I was thinking that exactly, pIus the legacy in the Levant & CenAsia.
But otherwise it’s easier to control the coastal areas around the Med than the lranic+nomad+pastoralist fiIIed East.
The bactrians ruled northern india, afghanistan and some asian lands for centuries.
I remember a quote by an author who wrote about Alexander several times: Alexander should be judged by the standards of his own time. That has always struck me about as apt about him in particular. To a lesser extent also when considering the likes of Julius Ceasar and Octavian.
Alexander the Great never imagined there would be a future candy known as Alexander the Grape.
The Romans were actually lucky that Alexander the Great died young.
The Roman Republic in 323 BC was no match against the limitless manpower and resources of the Macedonian Empire.
There’s a huge possibility that Alexander could have push west after his planned Arabian campaign.
It wasnt huge possibility at all lol. Had he lived longer he would of have kept going east. Into india. There was nothing worthy in arabia
@@renimaruuu9220 exactly, he's also struggling to control his satraps on conquered territories. He's a great general despite being a bad emperor.
@@renimaruuu9220 There were historical accounts that Alexander was planning to campaign in the Arabian peninsula.
@@adammousa2455
That was an issue everyone had. It wasn't exclusive to Alexander. However he dealt with anyone that revolted against him. This was when he was still consolidating power shortly after obtaining his new empire. You can't say he was a mad governor if he died right after he had settled in.
Lastly, after conquering a region he'd leave the people that already ruled in power as long as they answered to him. Most were glad to take this deal. He left a garrison in every city just in case they decided to revolt, extra insurance. So basically in theory the empire would run smoothly if he'd not died.
@@adammousa2455"great general nothingless" Adam mousa wrote about Alexander the Great 🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣 does your mother even know you Adam mousa 🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣
He had a great teacher Aristotle.
Great work Lex❤
Alexander was not "a Macedonian that adopted Greek culture as his own"; Alexander was Greek! His name is Greek. «Αλέξανδρος» which literally means "the protector of men" in Greek. His father's name Philip (Φίλιππος) means "friend of horses" in Greek. His mother's name Olympias means "all-shining" in Greek.
He spoke Greek. He believed in Greek gods. And Macedon participated in the Olympic games which were exclusively and strictly only for Greeks, as the historian Herodotus admits. His teacher was Aristotle (which means 'the best purpose' in Greek) from Stageira of Macedon, and is known as one of Greece's best philosophers. Alexander was crowned king of all Greeks
The distinction between Macedonians and Greeks is artificial. It was propagated by Macedon's rivals, particularly Athens, to create a sense of otherness. This strategy aimed to unite other Greek city-states against Macedon by portraying it as a foreign threat rather than a fellow Greek power.
The other reason why this distinction exists is due to the country of Skopje/Vardarska that falsely claims to be 'North Macedonia'. They were formed after the dissolution of Yugoslavia in 1991. A Slavic country. They are primarily made up of Albanians, Bulgarians, and Roma people. They have nothing to do with Greek civilization and ancient Macedon and have no right to be named as such. It is a made-up identity because of their lack of one.
You just admitted the Athenians didn't consider them Greek, what else do you want? By the way, the Athenians weren't the only ones that didn't consider Macedonians to be Greek. Most city-states didn't and only interacted with them because Philip forced himself onto them. But they hated Macedonia. So much so that Thebes revolted against Alexander and thus their city was destroyed by Alexander and the surviving inhabitants (of the few) were sold into slavery.
So yes, you are correct in saying Macedonia was very Greek but that's because the Macedonian elite wanted to model themselves after them and be part of them.
However, after Alexander conquered Persia he no longer cared for Greece. His new capital was Babylon and he was adopting middle eastern culture. His wife's were not Greek but from the Persian empire. I don't blame him, the Greeks literally hated him and were plotting to defeat him while Alexander was in his campaign in Persia. They were ungrateful.
But he had the same religion, language and culture as the rest of the Greeks. Are dumb or from DARDANIA? Spartans considered Thebe Barbarians also, does that make them not Greek? Wake up Skopje, you ll never become Macedonia, you never were.
@@JamesPeach Let's set the record straight with some real historical weight.
The Athenians' Opinion on Macedonians: Yes, the Athenian elite (not the entirety of Athens) considered Macedonia to be a backwater in their earlier periods. But by the time of Philip II, they begrudgingly recognized that Macedon had solidified its influence. We see this reflected in Demosthenes' Philippics,angry rants directed at Philip for his increasing dominance, not for his "Greekness" per se. It’s also important to remember that Greek identity wasn’t as monolithic as we think today,it was fluid often defined more by shared culture and religion than by strict political borders.
Thebes and Revolts: The destruction of Thebes in 335 BCE was a brutal response to their rebellion, but it wasn't just about hating Macedonia. Alexander was enforcing his supremacy over all of Greece, and he made an example of Thebes because they defied his authority. Interestingly, after the destruction Alexander’s harshness was tempered by clemency towards other cities clearly indicating his desire to keep the Greek poleis under his wing, not wipe them out.
Macedonian "Elites" Modeling Themselves After Greeks: The Macedonians didn’t simply "want to be part of" Greece. By the time of Philip and Alexander, Macedonia had been participating in the broader Hellenic world for centuries. The royal family traced its lineage to Heracles, and Macedonian kings took part in the Olympic Games open only to Greeks. The fact is that by this period, Macedonia had firmly integrated into the Hellenic sphere. Philip's expansion wasn’t some outsider takeover; it was Macedonia establishing itself as the hegemon of the Greek world.
Alexander Abandoning Greece After Persia: Let’s be clear, Alexander did adopt certain aspects of Persian court culture, but to say he "no longer cared" for Greece? This is a massive oversimplification. His empire was vast, and his strategy required bridging Greek and Persian cultures. His capital moved to Babylon because it was more central to his expanded empire, but Greece remained the cultural core. His promotion of Greek settlers, cities, and the spread of Hellenistic culture shows his deep attachment to Greekness. Even after his death, the Diadochi fought fiercely for control over Greece and Macedon, reinforcing its importance.
Greek Discontent with Alexander: Yes, some Greeks plotted against Alexander while he was away in Persia but painting the Greeks as purely “ungrateful” ignores the complexities of Greek politics. The power struggle between city-states like Athens, Sparta, and Macedon didn’t disappear overnight. These city states had their own agendas, some of which involved resistance to Macedonian dominance but many were equally supportive of Alexander. In fact, many Greek soldiers fought loyally in his campaigns. The idea that all Greeks hated Alexander is a gross exaggeration.
Macedonians were as Greek as anyone else just ask Herodotus, who classified them as Greeks in his Histories (8.137). Alexander’s vision was broader than just Greece, but the Hellenistic world he left behind was unmistakably rooted in Greek culture.
@@backflip1807
Because what I said was fabricated lies with no merit whatsoever? Is that why you're adding "real historical weight" what does that even mean in this context?
You said:
"The Athenians' Opinion on Macedonians: [1]Yes, the Athenian elite (not the entirety of Athens) considered Macedonia to be a backwater in their earlier periods. But by the time of Philip II, they begrudgingly recognized that Macedon had solidified its influence. [2] We see this reflected in Demosthenes' Philippics,angry rants directed at Philip for his increasing dominance, not for his "Greekness" per se. [3] It’s also important to remember that Greek identity wasn’t as monolithic as we think today,it was fluid often defined more by shared culture and religion than by strict political borders."
1.) This is was because they had no other choice, as you even admit by "begrudgingly". However most historians and people with common sense would probably say they were FORCED to accept Philip. Begrudgingly seems to imply they accepted it but didn't quite agree. And even then they still considered them backward/barbarians, nothing changed.
2.) This is a lie as Demosthenes said: " ... he is not only no Greek, nor related to the Greeks, but not even a barbarian from any place that can be named with honor, but a pestilent knave from Macedonia, whence it was never yet possible to buy a decent slave." - Demosthenes, Third Philippic, 31.
3.) Everything played into account. Having the same religion and language helped but wasn't the only factor.
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You said:
"Thebes and Revolts: The destruction of Thebes in 335 BCE was a brutal response to their rebellion, but it wasn't just about hating Macedonia. Alexander was enforcing his supremacy over all of Greece, and he made an example of Thebes because they defied his authority. Interestingly, after the destruction Alexander’s harshness was tempered by clemency towards other cities clearly indicating his desire to keep the Greek poleis under his wing, not wipe them out."
I never said Alexander hated the Greeks. I said the Greeks hated Alexander, which Thebes rebellion proves my point.
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You said:
"[1]Macedonian "Elites" Modeling Themselves After Greeks: The Macedonians didn’t simply "want to be part of" Greece. By the time of Philip and Alexander, Macedonia had been participating in the broader Hellenic world for centuries. The royal family traced its lineage to Heracles, and [2] Macedonian kings took part in the Olympic Games open only to Greeks. [3]The fact is that by this period, Macedonia had firmly integrated into the Hellenic sphere. Philip's expansion wasn’t some outsider takeover; it was Macedonia establishing itself as the hegemon of the Greek world."
1.) Yeah that's what trying to be part of something entails, lol.
2.) Requirements to take part in Olympics were: be male, be free, and have the same religion and a have a Greek dialect/language. That's it. Even then some rules could be bent.
3.) Yes firmly integrated with military force which the Greeks hated. Not a outside takeover? Let's see what Demosthenes has to say about this again " ... he is not only no Greek, nor related to the Greeks, but not even a barbarian from any place that can be named with honor, but a pestilent knave from Macedonia, whence it was never yet possible to buy a decent slave." - Demosthenes, Third Philippic, 31.
They hated the Macedonians more than even the Persians, this is the reality modern people try to ignore. They would rather be ruled by Persians than Macedonians....
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You said:
"[1]Alexander Abandoning Greece After Persia: Let’s be clear, Alexander did adopt certain aspects of Persian court culture, [2] but to say he "no longer cared" for Greece? This is a massive oversimplification. His empire was vast, and his strategy required bridging Greek and Persian cultures. [3] His capital moved to Babylon because it was more central to his expanded empire, [4] but Greece remained the cultural core. [5] His promotion of Greek settlers, cities, and the spread of Hellenistic culture shows his deep attachment to Greekness. [6] Even after his death, the Diadochi fought fiercely for control over Greece and Macedon, reinforcing its importance."
1.) It wasn't just court culture, it was starting to be more things, which was the reason why the Macedonians were so concerned. This went so deep as to marry his high officials to Persian women, you don't get deeper than that and this was just the start.
2.) No he really didn't care about Greece after he conquered Persia. He saw a new world and that changed him. At the end, Greece was just one more of his provinces in his vast empire.
3.) Your capital doesn't need to be in the center of the empire, you can place it where ever you want. Capitals represent what you want your empire to be modeled after and indicates the place you care for the most.
4.) Greece only remained as the cultural core because Alexander was modeled after Greeks. However as the months passed by it was fading away. Again, why his Macedonian friends were so worried.
5.) Those settlers were his army and the family of his army meant to keep control of the city they were placed in, in case the local rulers he left in place decided to rebel.
6.) They fought fiercely for all of Alexander's empire.
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You said:
"Greek Discontent with Alexander: Yes, some Greeks plotted against Alexander while he was away in Persia but painting the Greeks as purely “ungrateful” ignores the complexities of Greek politics. The power struggle between city-states like Athens, Sparta, and Macedon didn’t disappear overnight. These city states had their own agendas, some of which involved resistance to Macedonian dominance but many were equally supportive of Alexander. In fact, many Greek soldiers fought loyally in his campaigns. The idea that all Greeks hated Alexander is a gross exaggeration."
The most important and relevant city-states of the time hated Macedonia, sure you can find some little city that supported Macedonia, good for you but that wasn't the overall sentiment of the time. AGAIN, Alexander had to use FORCE to have Greece under his control. Yeah those Greek soldiers are known as mercenaries, Persia also had Greek soldiers btw.
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You said:
"Macedonians were as Greek as anyone else just ask Herodotus, who classified them as Greeks in his Histories (8.137). Alexander’s vision was broader than just Greece, but the Hellenistic world he left behind was unmistakably rooted in Greek culture."
I didn't see him classify them as Greeks. Nobody is disputing Hellenistic culture influenced his empire.
@@JamesPeach Macedonians as Greeks: Let's start with the basics. Herodotus, (Histories, 8.137), explicitly recognized the Macedonians as Greek. They participated in pan-Hellenic events like the Olympics, which were open only to Greeks. This wasn’t just “trying to be part of something,” it was full participation in the Hellenic world. Yes, the Athenians, led by Demosthenes, disliked Macedon’s rise, but their rhetoric was politically motivated. Political hatred doesn’t erase cultural reality.
Macedonia’s royal family, the Argeads, claimed direct descent from Heracles, a quintessential Greek hero. This wasn't just a boast; it was a well-accepted lineage. Are we really going to argue that the Greeks, who obsessed over ancestry and heritage, just let this slide for centuries if they didn’t recognize Macedonians as part of the Greek world?
Demosthenes’ Propaganda: The quote you keep citing from Demosthenes about Macedonians being barbarians? That’s pure rhetoric. It’s like quoting a modern day political campaign and treating it as fact. He was stirring up the Athenian masses to resist Philip, but most Athenians didn’t need convincing Macedon was an existential threat to their power. Just because Demosthenes hated Philip doesn’t mean all Greeks did, nor does it mean Macedonians weren’t Greek.
And for the record, many prominent Greeks supported Philip and Alexander. Isocrates, a major Athenian intellectual, openly called for Greek unity under Philip. So, it wasn’t all about hate it was about power.
Thebes’ Revolt: You’re right that Thebes rebelled, but let’s not overstate it. Their revolt wasn’t because “all Greeks hated Alexander.” It was a regional rebellion, and Thebes miscalculated Alexander’s response badly. Meanwhile, other Greek cities supported Alexander or stayed neutral. After Thebes was destroyed, the Greeks didn’t rise up in mass revolt. Why? Because many of them supported his leadership, or at the very least, saw the advantage of siding with him. Even Athens, after Thebes’ fall, sent diplomats to apologize and avoid the same fate.
Alexander’s Spread of Hellenism: You say Alexander didn’t care about Greece after conquering Persia? Wrong. His entire empire was built around spreading Greek culture. Everywhere he went, he founded cities based on Greek models. These cities were populated with Greek settlers, governed by Greek laws, and centered around Greek customs. Hellenistic culture, which was a fusion of Greek and local customs, didn’t replace Greekness it was the vehicle through which Greek culture expanded across Asia.
The cities Alexander founded (around 20 named Alexandria, by the way) weren’t “just provinces.” They were cultural hubs meant to extend Greek influence. Alexandria in Egypt became the center of Greek learning, with the famous Library of Alexandria. Dozens of these cities survived for centuries, showing just how central Greek culture was to his empire.
Alexander’s Capital in Babylon: Alexander moved his capital to Babylon because it was more strategically located for governing his vast empire, not because he was “abandoning Greece.” The empire stretched from Greece to India it made no sense to govern it from Pella or Athens. But that didn’t mean Greece wasn’t important to him. His generals continued to fight over control of Greece and Macedon after his death, showing how critical those regions remained to his empire’s power.
Greek Soldiers and Mercenaries: Yes, Alexander employed mercenaries, as did every army of the time. But you’re ignoring the fact that many of his soldiers were Greeks loyal to his cause, not just hired hands. These Greek soldiers settled across the empire, spreading Greek language, art, and philosophy. The Diadochi (Alexander’s successors) fought for control over Greece, further proving that it was far from just another province it was a prized possession central to the empire’s identity.
Persian Influence: Sure, Alexander adopted elements of Persian culture he had to rule over Persians. But this was practical, not a rejection of Greece. His elite guard and administration were filled with Greeks. Greek remained the official language, and his empire continued to function within a Greek framework. His vision was one of cultural fusion, but it was always driven by Greek ideals. Even after adopting Persian customs, he remained Alexander the Great of Macedon, son of Philip a Greek king.
The fact that Greek culture thrived in the Hellenistic period is the ultimate proof of Alexander’s dedication to spreading and preserving it. His successors ruled through Greek language and culture, not Persian. Even in Babylon, the Greek influence never faded. It’s no coincidence that the Greek language became the lingua franca of the known world after his conquests.
Herodotus & Macedonian Greekness: You seem to ignore Herodotus (8.137), who clearly states that Macedonians were of Greek descent. Thucydides (2.99) backs this up. If you deny their statements, you’re essentially saying the ancient Greeks themselves didn’t know who their fellow Greeks were. That’s simply not a tenable position. These historians, along with later sources, all acknowledge Macedonia as part of the Greek world whether you like it or not.
The Ptolemy dynasty were Greek, not native Egpytian which Queen Cleopatra belonged to.
Macedonian
@@CalebMay-bf1cisame thing
thanks for correcting that, brilliant
2:04 supremely ambitious
3:34 tensions
I feel like he is downgrading Alexander the Greats abilities and accomplishments.
How so?
He’s just giving an educated perspective on the topic ❤
Alexander inherited a system for sure , but he was.not handed the Persian empire on a plate. He fought the persians and defeated them 3 times with an army that was much smaller than the Persian army. The battle of Gaugamela was won because of Alexander's tactical brilliance. So please stop judging Alexander from a postmodern standpoint - he was a product of his time and culture.
So, Alexander's legacy continued even when the Roman Empire was ascending. I'm surprised today's historians continue to focus on Alexander's sexual orientation.
Alexander's hero was Achilles. He aspired to make his mark in history in the same manner in which Achilles had. Achilles had a choice. He could live a short but glorious life and be remembered forever or live a long and unremarkable life and die an unknown. As was typical for the times, Alexander fought side by side with his men & put himself in harm's way constantly. This strategy projected a powerful message to both his enemies and his own men. Alexander wouldn't ask his men to take risks that he wasn't willing to take. His enemies would view this demonstration of fearlessness and courage. Actions which delivered a clear message about who was in charge & what lengths he was will to go to achieve his goals. If you are interested in learning about just how ambitious and clever he was, research the details of how he conquered the city of Tyre in the Mediterranean.
Alexander married and had a child with Roxana. There was a civil war among Alexander's generals after his death, they then split his empire up amongst themselves.
his wife wasn't persian she was sogdian in bactria modern day afghanistan
It's still Iranian anyway
Part of the empire
@@worldofmix6766 that's like saying indians and africans were english
@@robertdavis100
No, it's like saying Californians are American. Which they are.
@@robertdavis100 no, what you said is like saying Macedonians were not greek but Athenians were.
Famous, published historians in the comments "debunking" the man with a Doctorate in History...
Excellent synopsis. Don't forget the Bible's prophecies in Daniel, chs.2&7 of the four kingdoms spanning centuries in advance, even to our day: First, there was Babylon; followed by the Medo-Persian Empire. Then came Greece where Alexander is identified as "the king of Grecia." And lastly, Rome. The book of Revelation centers on Rome: pagan & papal eras.
I could see Alexander's diplomatic approach when he made a treaty with the Galatians to cross over their lands. He had as they say, 'bigger fish to fry.' Although a fight with the Galatians definitely wouldn't be a cakewalk.
How is his keeping the Illiad under his pillow not mentioned in this... We do know what his intentions were.
The ancient Greek city-states were in a constant rivalry for land, resources and power Alexander the Great was the only one who united the Greeks. Yes he was a Makedonian King just like Leonidas was an Spartan king. You cannot say he adopted the Greek culture he was a Greek from the Ancient Greek city state Makedonia
Exactly I said the same thing.
He was half Greek half Macedonian
@@Bravo6goindark again Makedonia was a Greek city state. Even today the biggest region of todays Greece is Makedonia. His mother was Ὀλυμπιάς; c. 375-316 BC) was a Greek princess of the Molossians, the eldest daughter of king Neoptolemus I of Epirus and his father Philip II of Macedon (Greek: Φίλιππος Philippos; 382 BC - October 336 BC) was the king (basileus) of the ancient kingdom of Macedonia how was he half Greek
His father Phillip united the Greeks, not Alexander.
Greeks coping 😂
Also, do not underestimate the impact Alexander had on the future of Europe in terms of culture and religion. Alexander successfully pushed the Persians away from the Greek Peninsula & in doing so, greatly delayed Islam from establishing itself in southern Europe. That delay gave Christianity time to develop and eventually become the major religion in the Roman Empire.
Stop judging the greats by contemporary morality: it makes absolutely no sense to apply virtue retroactively; losers (nerds) trying to paint winners (jocks) as the bad guys - how stereotypical.
Exactly. The God of the Old Testament was a beast 🤙
2:37 Does that mean that Macedonias were not Greek?
We are not and we will never be.
Greek-adjacent is the best way to describe them
@@kungpowsesame8260Greek language family[?]
@@G_v._Losinj2_ImportantPlaylist they spoke greek but it wasn't at all a carbon copy of the other greek dialects of which there were about 6 in the ancient world.
No such thing as Greek in the 4th century BC.
He also fought side by side with his men in every battle that’s going to earn you respect thats why they marched across half the world with him
just like albert johnston
Ultimately, it was better for everyone (in a way) that he did not have a system in place for his own people (and system) to hold onto power.
Cross-pollination of ideas is valuable, but then people need to actually explore those ideas on their own.
He was not at the level where he could have been expected to build a great system for governing an empire of that magnitude.
He hadn't even finished his conquests yet. So he hadn't even properly had time to think about his long term vision there.
2:34.. Wait what?
Everybody wants Roman olives, pizza and pastas. What do the Greeks offer?
Are you kidding? Moussaka! I mean look at the Layers!!
I haven't tried Moussaka yet, but I will put it on my bucket list. I can go to any city and find pizza or pasta. When will I be able to go to any city to get Moussaka?
The nutty professor.
Also known as Alexander the Destroyer in Iran
You have to put it into the context of the times, Macedonia, Thrace and all the countries in the area identified as Hellenes to one degree or another. Alexander's first wife was the Sogdian chiefs daughter Roxanne but he also married Darius IIIs daughter as well when his Great Marriage of Reconciliation was held after the fall of the Acheminid government
"countries"? Check your facts please, they were kingdoms and they were Hellenes like the Athenians and the Spartans.
@@nickkoss9384 kingdoms are countries I believe, Attica and Laconia were more or less countries, Sparta and Athens are and were cities
@@JohnBrown-g6f they were all the same ethnicity, Hellenes with the same language, same religion, same culture (except the Lacedemonians), they were all participating in the Olympics. They were not Persians, they were Hellenes.
Aristotle's highly influenced Alexander in politics in his younger days and even during his conquest.
He even wrote a letter to him advising him how to be a good king by writing "Be a good leader to the barbarians and be a friend to your own kind".
Hey brother Alexander was greek
I can forgive under certain conditions.
Macedonia is Greek
0:41 so you mean, Rizz?
Is trump the new Alexander??? God forbid when he goes what will we do???
Moral: Alexander would have been a great Roman emperor
Alexander the Great.
Alexander the great king of Macedonians pharaoh of north and south Egypt and son of Amun-ra
Super great video
Alexander Macedonian
What was his horse's name? Zastava? 🤣🤣🤣🤣🤣
Great! Romans.
Greece-Hellenes
completely unhistorical
Exaclty
He is clueless lol
Bull shi t he was Greek, why pretend to be a scholar on him when you dont know anything
Where was he from? Dardania or Slavic non-existent?