Germany Today: Post-World War II Reconstruction, 1947
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- Опубліковано 21 тра 2011
- This video is about the four victors of the war in Europe occupying Germany. The video shows a devastated Germany and its clean up. There are Germans how have to help rebuild there own country. There is the small percentage that still prosper though. The four zones of Germany became split between the victors: The United States, France, Great Britain and the USSR. The video gets specific about the United States is doing to help rebuild Germany from shipping food to teaching journalism. But there still are people how are trying to promote "not Germany's fault" to a black market. There is also mention of war crime tribunals as well. This video is in the Public Domain. The Master Copy can be found at the National Archives and Records Administration, Room 4000, 8601 Adelphi Road, Hyattsville, MD 20740-6001. The Archival Retrieval Catalog (ARC) number is: 642295
My dad was stationed just outside of Munich as part of the occupation troops. My mother insisted that I go to a German Kindergarten in order to learn another language and my family took in a German teenage brother and sister who were homeless. They lived in our house and worked for us however, my mother was very generous with their wages and they ate with us as part of our family. For my birthday, my mom had my whole class come out to the base and we served ice cream and cake. It was the first time the kids had ever had ice cream and, of course, loved it. I remember us going into Munich and seeing all the bricks and rubble piled up along side the streets. There were a lot of buildings that were shells, but the German people were very industrious and were working hard to rebuild. We lived there for 3 years and our family loved the experience.
You had a generous and caring mother in terms of the 2 German children she cared for at that time.
RS. Canada
are you still in contact with the orphaned children?
@@chazhas5183 No but I wish I knew what happened to them as they were both in their teens.
I was stationed in West Germany from 1979 to 1983, almost 40 years after the war. The Germans were just then finishing up the reconstruction amid the industrial explosion of the German Miracle. It was simply amazing how they literally, brick by brick, reconstructed buildings. An industrious and organized people, the German recovery is remarkable. The Germans treated me and my wife, and later a daughter born in Germany, very friendly. I had good times and wish to see it one more time before I pass.
I visited Ulm, in 1983 only, a little damaged in WWII, the Young @ that time, didn't care, but the "Elder Folks, esp. the Grandmothers still dislike Americans, I'am sure they Instilled that in the younger Gen. Today, the Adult rulers. Don't be "FOOLED".
I have zero respect for old Germans cause they committed way too many atrocities but Germans today are just great people- friendly, intelligent, kind, hard-working.......
@@mirquellasantos2716same goes for any ww2 vet than!
I visited Hamburg in 1985-the old part of the city looks exactly as it did in 1939-the Germans rebuilt it exactly as it was (the RAF burned it to the ground in July 1943).
@@mirquellasantos2716 I think americans have a simple minded naive take on their own atrocious racist history, on the Germans and on other nations.
Great Britain: We persevered against the Germans at the worst hour, so we deserve to occupy Germany.
The USSR: Without us, the Nazi would've made Bratwurst out of the rest of you, so hand over half of Germany to me.
The USA: We helped you guys defeat those Krauts because FREEDOM! So give us some!
France: We treated the Germans like shit after occupying Ruhr, made them mad, contributing to the rise of Nazism and got defeated by them in mere weeks, then became their puppets, our leaders abandoned their own country, sucked up to the Brits, and now acting all high and mighty after doing virtually nothing to help. SO GIVE US OUR SHARE!
@N Q H *You're essentially correct...but the Russians didn't have 'jack-shit' until we sent them endless supplies of EVERYTHING that made it possible for Stalin to even 'move' an Army, let alone feed them!*
*Why 'Invade' something worth so little...they ALREADY 'own it' by default!* ( *France's economy is so weakthat without the 'Euro' their entire 'GDP' would collapse like a poor 'souffle'* )
@Mike B It will never happen again the Germans are against war and their government don't want participation in any operation.
Don't never say never.....Remember in 1918 it was the war the end all wars.....I was in Vienna one year and while I was observing the SovietWar Memorial an older woman, I assume she had lived and suffered under the Soviet invasion, said to me, 'look hard at it, as you never know when they might come back.'
@@gerrynightingale9045 garbage they had like 28k tanks in 41 and most of the lend lease didnt arrive till after 44 when it was basicallly a mop up.
A great film. I arrived in Germany in 1963, stationed in Mannheim. I met my beautiful wife shortly thereafter, we've been married 55 years this year. Although it was 1963, there were still many Nazi believers which I experienced the first few years which fortunately caused no harm, but was concerning,, but did no harm. I still live here, love it, a beautiful country, beautiful people.
Schlomo Rothstein you’re a slime piece of shit. Coward fucktard.
Just like in the United States, 1968, was an important year in Germany.
German youths confronted Germany's NAZI past, the past of their father's and grandfathers.
When the draft ended in the U.S., that young generation forgot about social issues and activism and disco danced the night away high on cocaine*.
Meanwhile in Germany, the social activist remained steadfast in their goal to make Germany a humane country. They were successful.
*OK, that was over-the-top hyperbole,
@@adammosel4895 0
@@adammosel4895 х
We have socialists in the US too, just as racist and as evil but they're mostly associated with the more Marxist and Stalinist version of socialist racism. They're trying to use Critical Race Theory to justify teaching their national socialism to children, but for the most part parents have stopped them.
Salute the German spirit...to recover from complete devastation to becoming the most powerful country in Europe....♥️♥️♥️
why most?
@Real Thailand Sorry, not right. Germany did not get a dollar from the USA. The Marshall Plan gave Germany only goods from the United States valued at just $ 1.4 billion. Mainly agricultural goods. And that wasn't a gift, just a loan to be repaid. The US goods from the Marshall Plan were only converted into money in Germany when the KFW Bank sold these goods to the manufacturing industry. The money could then be used for rebuilding, but with over 200 cities completely destroyed, this was a drop in the ocean. It is still a popular fairy tale that after the war Germany was showered by the US with money from the Mashall plan. On the contrary, Germany was big business for the US. In spite of all this, the Marshall Plan naturally helped to alleviate the greatest misery (hunger) in the post-war years. One of the main reasons why the economic miracle was possible was that a large part of the hundreds of thousands of occupation soldiers poured foreign currency into the country, which is why it took significantly longer in England, for example, to recover from the war. The currency reform and the D-Mark was the actual starting signal for the economic miracle, when it was worthwhile for the US economy to invest in Germany. A lot of money flowed in during this time, but this money flowed back again with profit. Germany was more important to the US economy than France or Great Britain, for example. As early as the 1950s, Germany was again able to deliver high-quality goods that were urgently needed in the USA and were also relatively cheap at that time. On the whole, the partnership was a win-win for both, but forget the fairy tale of the Marshall Plan. This was just a major propaganda campaign designed to boost Germans' morale. According to the motto: Look here, the winner helps the defeated and is your friend. Most people still believe it today.
Yep! By plundering other countries!! 👍
LLTHEFATHERLAND
@@folkestender2025 your right..America did nothing...
Then you sang in rejoicement as Angela Merkel came forth from the heavens...
It never ceases to amaze me at how the French , who spent more or less 4 years actively collaborating with the Nazis , became an occupying power. It was France's petty and malicious occupation of the the Ruhr after the first war and their insistence of reparations in the form of coal and foodstuffs , while Germans were starving, and their sometimes brutal treatment of the civilian population , that laid the foundation to Hitlers rise to power. As for the brave Poles who gallantly fought alongside the Allies in all the campaigns on land and in the air through the whole of the war, were cynically sacrificed to Uncle Joe and the Soviet Russia, while the peacock French were strutting around in Berlin, having actually played no part in the liberation of the low counties and the subsequent conquest of Germany
All to appease De Gaul.
rgwholt We all despise the French
You can still purchase WWII French rifles...only used once, never fired!
Although France was forced to,pay reparations to Germany (then Prussia) after both the Napoleonic wars and the Franco Prussian war. Which she paid in full. It's a simple fact that despite establishing the rule of reparations Germany decided that the rule didn't apply to them and simply defaulted.
wow well said
What is amazing is that 99% of these devastation was repaired/restored by 1958. Germany reached prewar export levels by that year, and the country was rebuilt with modern factories and public buildings. General Eisenhower thought it would take 100 years to rebuild-ironically, all of this destruction modernized the country. The UK (despite having most of its prewar industrial plant) never caught up to the Germans.
Thats True, but the reasons are varied and deep. The US 'Marshall Plan'' provided all the necessary materials and money, for Germany to recove quickly, which the Germans---to their credit, worked very hard to make full use of, and acheived amazing things. Although Britain recieved some US monetary help, which took 50+ years to pay off---our needs were far greater, BUT, because the Labour Government came to power in 1945 ( in American eyes---virtually communist), and because of the socialist programme, that Clement Attlee drew up, the 'Money Men' were very reluctant to lend more. I remember driving into our City Centes in the mid 1960's, and still parking our car on wartime bombsites , with levelled off rubble. Also---Politically, not only was it important to have a strong ''West Germany'' as a possible buffer Zone against Soviet agression, it showed the communist East, that life in the west, was much better.
What also is amazing that we still paying for reparation to the USA...😎
@@peterlustig4047 The hell you are. Germans got off very easy because the U.S. and Western democracies wanted to fold West Germany into resisting Soviet hegemony. One of the ironies and tragedies of all history is that Soviet cruelty leveraged the Western Allies into being (too) kind to Germany.
Same was true for Japan... Best thing that can ever happen to a country-- be flattened in an all out war against the US... we'll build it back as a modern state and hand them the keys...
Later! OL J R :)
@Hal 9000 you are such a waste of oxygen. you can go fuck yourself lil piece of shit, everybody here won't mind. do you get it?
Phenomenal footage; very little documentary evidence exists for this period @Jesse Wilinski thanks for uploading. A lot of Germans did have to trade on the black market just to stay alive, the "Black Market" is not as "Black" as they try to make out, gasoline, truck tires etc. Difficult to come by essentials. Extraordinary conclusion in the last minute of the film. "Today's broken Hitler Youth ~ The Storm Troopers of 1960" final shot with X-Hitler youth looking cynically into the lens drawing on a cigarette.
It is interesting to note our two enemies in WWII, Japan and Germany, have been producing the most popular cars in the world. It puts us to shame. 🥵
Our cars are just as good, if not better. You just need to stop buying foreign cars.
"I divided Germany's in the way to provide peace in Europe"
Boy that didn't age well two times
Thks 4 video
Thanks Jesse
I love these old videos,,,,,
Wonderrful mix of history and US propaganda. Amazing how quickly the story changes when the cold war gets rolling.
Wonderful?????
@@anamartins3223 wonderful in the sarcastic sense. Whenever you see the word propaganda applied to a film, it’s rarely a complement. The US government was quite willing to bend the story in drastic ways whenever it suited the broader narratiive of good (us) vs evil (them).
@@sfperalta lmao...don't forget about the Soviet propaganda now. You seem to be singling out just one and not the others, why?
@@theclown2393 Because the film was produced by an American film company for an American audience? If there had been clips of Soviet newsreels in the video I might have had a comment. When you review a meal you've eaten, do you also review all the other meals you haven't eaten that evening? Sorry, I don't see the relevance of your comment to the content of this particular video. BTW, "propaganda" does not necessarily mean the story is false. It means a story told with a certain point of view to support your overall message. All governments and organization do it to some extent, then and now.
@@sfperaltathere's no harm in adding additional reviews. Regarding to relevance?? Soviets did participate in WW2, did they not???
Fast forward 10 years from this newsreel...the Germany economy had fully recovered and most of the rebuilding of the infrastructure was completed. It almost seemed that a war had never even happened...it shows what a strong work ethic and a culture that values order can accomplish.
To bad they didn't value other people's lives instead be know for the worst humans can do iam still reading about things that didn't come out until now a lot of them got aware but there dieing off now and will finally answer to the the who can give true justice
Germans should have been forced to rebuild Europe.
And who paid for it??
@@sjm8510 And the Russians too, by that logic.
@@tylerbozinovski4624 although I hated the Soviets, but they were technically liberating, your ancestors were destroying everything on purpose.
Totally wrong that Germany attacked France in 1870. The French Emperor Napoleon III declared war on Prussia because of a too short dispatch, which the French Emperor found insulting. It is absolutely ridiculous what happened to Napoleon III at that time. The other German countries joined Prussia because they still had a bone to pick with France, because the French King Louis XIV annexed parts of today's Saarland as well as Alsace and Lorraine and incorporated them into France. Germany won this war, which resulted in the foundation of the first German nation state on 19.01.1871. By the way, Germany did not occupy France for a long time, only a few months. I know the history of my fatherland much better than a US reporter in 1947. It may be that Bismarck intentionally wrote the dispatch too short to annoy Napoleon III. Nevertheless, it was the idea of the French emperor to start a war.
It's great how the Americans talk about the wars Germany started and are totally free from questioning what they had been and were doing back then to South America, Asia and of course the Indians.
"We teach them democracy". yeah, hasn't worked anywhere else since then. Wonder why.
Totally agree. They come to loot and kill and call it democracy.
this is when documentaries really looked legit one
Very interesting
I was in the US Army and was a dental lab tech, and living in a small town outsude Nuremberg, in 1966 to 1967. The Country looked like there had never been a war there. I had german soldiers from WW2 working for me in the lab. It was a great experience, and I still want to go back and see my old lab and Barracks,,,,Jack Johnsen
A female American athlete refused to honor our flag this week and showed a fist during the national anthem saying she doesn't stand for this country, she is still allowed to compete and our country just elected a President with obvious dementia. What has my country become ?? June 2021
I grew up in the American zone, there were many GIs in my home town and as a kid and teenager in the 70s/80s I never had the impression they weren't anything but welcome. My grandfather, a WW2 veteran (German navy) talked a lot about the war but I never heard hin say anything negativ about Americans (and they also weren't al angels - drove a tank into my grandma's vegetable garden...). Russians - different story.
I had my very first burger at a German-American "Volksfest" at the army base. They really got me with that. So easy: behave, show respect for your "host" country and invest 1$ into a burger. Now I am living in a German-American family, in the US and Europe.
That’s a awesome story. Did your grandfather serve at all on the eastern or western front? We never hear stories of German soldiers. I know history is written by the victors but the Germans were also humans and not all were nazis.
@@braddavid902 "Our" war was in the East. The West was for the lucky ones.
My grandfather was on a destroyer, mainly on the Atlantic and around Norway. My other grandfather was on the Eastern front, multiple times seriously injured but survived. Their brothers and the brothers of my grandmother were all on the Eastern front, most died.
It wasn't their choice. You were drafted. If you refuse: death penalty.
@@Eunegin23 yeah the eastern front was hell. I could not imagine what they went through. The Russians treated German pows like animals.
@@braddavid902 Both sides. But there were also little stories of humanity. Also on both sides. After all, we are all humans.
I recommend the (German) movie Stalingrad.
ua-cam.com/video/ovhuleRw71w/v-deo.html
Good documentary
Excelente film gran calidad felicidades
‘History is written by the victor’....definitely the case with this film and naturally terribly slanted in favour of the victorious. Europeans of all nationalities have been fighting each other for centuries so not something unique to the German nation...as was seemingly pointed out via ‘five wars in the last 80 years’....
When you impose a treaty on a country that signed an armistice and didn’t officially lose a conflict, then that country’s economy collapses because reparations are so heavily imposed, is it any wonder that an extreme far right political party takes hold with the ensuing result??
What happened in those years is now thankfully so far behind us now. What happened to Germany is terrible but what happened from 1939 to 1945 all over the world was a catastrophe for all involved. One thing is for sure, Germany will never again risk being in the middle of such a situation. No one won out of this mess.....and yet conflict, dislocation and hurt continue to this day showing we really haven’t learned from this time period.
I have on occasion said that the last major battle of WWI was the invasion of Okinawa.
The victor is the judge and the jury and the vanquished is the accused. Goring
Haha 🤣 Are you seriously trying to use the same logic & talking points of Nazi Germany here in 2019? And do u really think WW1 would have turned out any different as it ended in WW2, If the allies Continued on with fighting to complete total victory, rather than Capitulating With an armistice to end the war?
Reparations was not about punishing Germany for so called losing WW1, But rather for going about with WW1 Wanting to conquer & occupy other countries in the first place & in Trying to prevent Germany with the capabilities of starting another war in the first place.
It just goes to show how right the allies were for demanding total utter victory in WW2 rather than capitulating once again in to doing an armistice there in 1945 to avoid more deaths before the end of the war. Because then people like you would be once again saying the same exact thing about WW2 Lmao 🤣 🤣
The one so called strength the germans had over the allies, is their lack of value for human lives.
My grandfather was the one sole survivor out of our hole entire family, his grandmother, grandfather, father mother, brother, sisters, nieces, nephews, uncles, aunts, cousins, Were all killed Some in gas chambers, starved & worked to death, And others shot in the head & dumped in a mass grave while waiting in line to be next. Just Proof of some of the evil & cruelty German people are capable of,
And the people who are naïve to think that it can’t happen again. Just watch Yes things are good they’re in Germany right now but just wait and see if the economy ever collapses there again, they would find some people to blame for their problems, & Are truly capable of doing the same kind of evils all over again.
God forbid
RCBM, Europe has not had a Great War since 1945 and that is an accomplishment, the Balkan War was terrible but it didn’t spread beyond the Balkans, Russia and the Ukraine still skirmish and that conflict will continue in some form for some time, as for Germany this film didn’t come close to being correct. By the 1960’s West Germany was well on its way to becoming the industrial engine of Europe and after reunification Germany became one of the worlds greatest industrial nations, so all in all Germany came thru the War years and thrives without Nazism today like all of Western and Central Europe Germany has a Democratic and enduring Governent
German economy didn't collapse coz reparations but coz German attempt to cheat it by hyperinflation. It was run by German government. BTW Germany started the war and destroed vast parts of France, Belgium and Netherlands. It was logical, it had to pay it. German prosperity was started by French reparations after Franko Prussian war back in 19th century. France paid it...
Note the currency reform of 1948, along with many Nazi era business regulations being null and void; had a dramatic effect on the Western Zones. As in industrial/business output, jumped from ca 50%, using 1936 Germany as the baseline at the middle of that year to 75% by the beginning of 1949
We children played with worthless mark's
The Nazi control of private business during the Hitler years was so onerous in many industries that the difference between it and Soviet "central planning" could actually be argued.
interesting footage! Alas, the baseball did not pickup in Germany..
A small detail, the documentary was filmed in 1946.
Thank god the "american sports" never caught on.
Yea, they opted to go with soccer 🙄
@@Helmuesi911 You obviously mean football.
@@Helmuesi911 Football ⚽⚽
Basketball did.
Who cares? At least 25% of Germany's culture is now US based.
Music. Movies, TV, clothes, video games, food....
German People Are Beautiful, Strong, Hard Working, with Exordinary Resilence!
And now disappearing in their own country. Been to Frankfurt recently?
cwb0051 GOD BLESS GERMANY AND THE WHOLE WORLD!
wp r LOL
07:50 So how did the corresponding German lessons for English and US students go?
When will Germans realize that they’re not at fault anymore. This was so long ago.
Why Me they knew what they were doing
People will use the transgressions of the past and reparations as a malicious and underhanded method of extorting resources. And justify it by playing the victim.
@@arminiusofgermania Poles and Greeks in particular like to be compensated by Germany several times and are not even ashamed to try again and again. That is why young Germans are annoyed when their tax money is wasted and they are insulted as Nazis. With such demands you can also lose many young Germans who were previously friends with people from these countries. Young people will no longer understand it, 75 years are 3 generations of new people in all countries, there are no more victims and no more guilty. There is no hereditary guilt and no hereditary victimhood. There is only responsibility that it can never happen again.
@@folkestender2025 Beware of mustachioed lunatics and the best seller "mein kamphy chair".
@@arminiusofgermania It doesn't have to be a black mustache, some also have yellow hair ;-) When I see the yellow hairs outsmarting democracy in the USA and Great Britain. If I see, imprisoning 230,000 people without human rights and court in Turkey. If I see politicans incapacitating independent judges in Poland and Hungary, to get the full authority and power over all law and courts in their country. It is not a good development. Hitler and the Nazis started similar like this. First the stupid voters are lured with sugar, then the power is secured by legislative changes and then the whip comes against all opponents.
This video makes the occupation seem so benevolent.
Perhaps it was in 1947.
But, the remainder of 1945 and entire year of 1946 was anything but benevolent.
Under JCS 1067, a toned down Morgenthau Plan*, was implemented, a plan that was about punishment and revenge.
The Americans actually turned back food parcels sent from Swedish and Irish charities to feed starving Germans and help lessen the high infant mortality rate. (No, those infants hadn't been Nazis.)
*Ex US President Herbert Hoover said that if the Morgenthau Plan had been fully implemented, up to 25 million Germans would have starved to death.
such cruelty and hatred from a so called hero country i honestly never liked america or the fake dream it presents and im from europe
america might be strong and beutiful but its a rotten place with a rotten history and cringe worthy morals im glad i never visited.
I have yet to read the Plan and I would question the lax review of Naziis, why so many Nazi war criminals were allowed to escape to South America and the US under USAF protection.
Not much about expulsion of German citizens from Poland, Czechoslovakia etc AFTER 1945.
and expulsion of German citizens from German lands, Königsberg, Ostpreussen, Schlesierland, Sudetenland, Danzig,...
they didn`t want something like the ugly truth about those murderous mass expulsions getting in the way of the official narrative would they.
We fought the wrong enemy, that's pretty clear now!
God Bless America! God Bless America!
Yes i'm french and I love very american
…That’s why people from North Africa and the Middle East are moving by the millions to Europe specially Germany because they love “ Americans “ thanks to the mass destruction and bombardment, starvation, of their Nations just ask the people from Libya, Syria, Yemen, Somalia,Irak.Afghanistan Etc..
@@brunokirchensittenbach9294cope and seethe
Haha, only a few decades and the SED and the whole GDR were gone already.
That Last 5 mins was a surprise--he suddenly became Mr Nastie. not very subtle was he?
But they changed the tune very fast when the (West-) Germans became "allies" against the bad communists.
@@flitsertheo THEY had no choice, besides, who would willingly want to be a slave of the Soviet Union. Enough of totalitarianism. Germany--was /is, a nation of hard workinging intelligent educated people, who have invented , created , many of the modern worlds advances in sciences( putting aside what Churchill called ''Perverted science'' ) that came out of Nazism, those tallents were missused and abused.The West NEEDED a democratic Germany, with all it's plusses, as a defence against further Soviet advances; a BULWARK. That's why they were eventually armed and trained , as member's of N.A.T.O. It's all rather obvious really.
This stands in sharp difference to what went on under the American occupation of Japan where much was done to bring back a civil society to be productive and assist in the rebuilding to much of Asia.
In just 10 short years Germany rebuilt itself and went on to be one of the most powerful countries in the world. Meanwhile to this day Russians in villages still don't have running water or toilets. Maybe old Dolfie was onto something after all...
Germany after 1945 was a miniature and neutered version of the Germany before.
Decades of next to no money spent on self-defense helps out a lot, too. Yes, it was imposed after the war, but it does still greatly affect an economy and leave lots of money for other things, such as infrastructure and excellent educations, which more directly help produce more wealth.
@@LynxSouth During the Cold War, Germany had the second largest army in NATO after the USA, but between 1945 and 1955 Germany was not yet allowed to have an army. It certainly helped the reconstruction that they did not have to spend money on armaments for 10 years.
@@callsigndd9ls897 I thought it was France that was second-largest, but OK. I'm not sure what I was thinking of, maybe spending as a percentage of GDP. Thanks for the correction.
@@LynxSouth Yes, France and UK is stronger due to nuclear armament, but from the mid-1960s to the end of the 1980s Germany provided NATO's second largest army in terms of personnel and material because Germany was right at the interface between NATO and the Warsaw Pact. Together with the other NATO partners stationed in West Germany and on the other side with the GDR People's Army and the Soviet troops, more troops were concentrated in a narrow area in the entire German area than in the rest of the world. I am glad that this time has passed since 1990. I did my military service in Northern Germany from 1969 to 1971 and our barracks was 1.5 km from the inner-German border. It was not a pleasant feeling when someone shouted at night "ALAAARRM" because someone in the Kreml farted again (lol).
The sermon at the end is ironic considering the racial hatred in the American South at the same time.
No concentration camps though
Virtue signal much?
Remember the victors always write history
There's very little in dispute over this war.
Honest journalism. Did you hear that CNN?
By the time the blockade had started, in 1949, the Soviet Union had already been feeding the local population of Berlin for nearly four years and re construction of Berlin in all zones had begun, including in the Soviet zone. East German construction workers were to be paid in East German marks, said east German officials who were aligned with the Soviets. Germany had surrendered in may 1945. Even Germans were dancing ballroom dances with Soviet officers in town halls and on the streets and in town in many towns except Berlin. It becomes the duty of the ruling party or ideology or country to feed the local population: There were atleast a couple of incidents which made the key decision makers to never re- start a war or think in those lines: Some historical documentary of the Berlin blockade in black& white that I had seen in the Boston area in about 1987 either in the history channel or National geographic or a similar channel in the late 1980's clarified that : 1) The Soviets were Distributing a Soviet new food stamps in order to alleviate hidden hunger to quickly distribute food among the the hungry residents of Berlin. The Russian leadership claimed that with this new food stamp program they introduce will win the hearts and minds of the Germans in Berlin. Western officials allowed in requested the Berliners to turn down the food stamps even if they go hungry, as Berliners may be possibly be brainwashed into thinking that communism is a good concept.
HI
The blockade started in June 1948.Shalom to us only in Christ Yeshua.
It’s crazy how all it took was one crazy person to completely destroy and alter the history of such a strong, civilized nation.
Good thing everything went EXTREMELY uphill from there.
Gosh they even surpassed the UK in GDP per Capita
476233 - You're incredibly naive. The Allies created Hitler with their Treaty of Versailles and the hardships it placed on the German people.
God Allowed It!
@@frankmartinez1015 - Religious arguments typically rely on faith and revelation rather than empirical evidence and logical reasoning. Therefore, they are unacceptable in 21st century debate
Honest Journalism,Try finding that now.
What's that?
It's literally an American propaganda lol
LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLOOOOOOOOOOOOOLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL
One fact stands the truth...History is written by the winners but is it the real truth?Each coin has two sides...Which one is equal of value?Some truth will never be equal.
If this had been done at the end of “The Great War” (WW 1) think of how the world would look today?
I do not know but in 1918, the American General Pershing made the following comment, "It should not end like this with an armistice. They've got to know they've been whipped or we will have to come back and do the job again in 20 years time."
For my own view, the first and second world wars were the greatest self-inflicted wounds in European history.
@@freebeerfordworkers That is a very simplified and generalised argument. Would you tell Europeans like the Belgians, Dutch, Danish or the Polish that the wars were self-inflicted. Would you REALLY frame the second WORLD war in terms of European history ? How many times has a major military force been "whipped" and it has come to any good ?
Europe had likely been overrun by Bolshevism.
@@1968Christiaan The Netherlands and Denmark were neutral during the First World War. They did suffer deprivations ... from the British naval blockade of Germany.
Per the Second World War, occupied Denmark's economy actually grew. The main casualty in Denmark in WWII was their pride. That didn't keep them from being revengeful after the war,though.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oksb%C3%B8l_Refugee_Camp
12:57 kids are so obedient. After cigarettes they must have offered them chocolates.
Colin Powell in his biography mentioned that while stationed in Germany, he would dine with German families and he was impressed by their well-mannered children.
The cigarettes were for caddying and the chocolate for introducing them to the sisters.
even the statues could cry
Bombing German factories was counterproductive in 2 main ways.
1) German "factories" was not what limited German production, but rather the lack of raw materials.
2) after WW2, the new "alpha" Washington DC actually needed both Germany and Japan (the losers) as much as they did GB, France and their empires (the winners). So that by opening up the markets in the US sphere of interest, Germany and Japan quickly recovered, and with a completely modernized economy, quickly overtook GB. There was no alternative, because if not, both would have fallen to communism.
GB, and Empire was seen as a rival, and was "cut down to size".
London no longer had the "leverage" to stand up to Washington DC, and were *overpowered.* Note, overpowering does not necessarily mean war.
Economic warfare is an old established method.
"At the end of the war, Britain, physically devastated and financially bankrupt, lacked factories to produce goods for rebuilding, the materials to rebuild the factories or purchase the machines to fill them, or with the money to pay for any of it. Britain’s situation was so dire, the government sent the economist John Maynard Keynes with a delegation to the US to beg for financial assistance, claiming that Britain was facing a *"financial Dunkirk”.* The Americans were willing to do so, on one condition: They would supply Britain with the financing, goods and materials to rebuild itself, but dictated that Britain must first eliminate those Sterling Balances by repudiating all its debts to its colonies. The alternative was to receive neither assistance nor credit from the US. *Britain, impoverished and in debt, with no natural resources and no credit or ability to pay, had little choice but to capitulate.* And of course with all receivables cancelled and since the US could produce today, those colonial nations had no further reason for refusing manufactured goods from the US. The strategy was successful. *By the time Britain rebuilt itself, the US had more or less captured all of Britain’s former colonial markets, and for some time after the war’s end the US was manufacturing more than 50% of everything produced in the world. And that was the end of the British Empire, and the beginning of the last stage of America’s rise."*
[globalresearch(dot)ca/save-queen/5693500]
So after WW2 while the British population and economy were being squeezed like a lemon by US banks, were having their Pound crushed by the US dominated IMF, were being refused the mutually developed nukes to act as a deterrent against the SU's expansion, were still on war rations till way into the 1950s, and lost the Suez Canal in a final attempt at "acting tough" and imposing hegemony over a vital sphere of interest...and going under...
So the London lords woke up one morning, only to discover that their "best friends forever" had stolen all their markets.
And that's how "leverage" works.
Washington DC: "I've taken over almost all your markets now. What are you going to do about it?"
Sad reality?
There was nothing London *could* do about it.
Washing DC had more leverage to impose, and they took over from their former colonial masters.
Yes your "best friends forever" was the only reason the national language of GB remained english. Also it was in the interest of all and yes the USA as well to rebuild these devastated lands (you forgot Japan) so that communism would not take root and to keep the SU out. This thereby helped spare GB and much of the world the task of having to fend off a much more imposing SU. Prior to WW2 the USA was already likely the most powerful economic force in good health. We just lacked a substantial military with the exception of our Navy (thanks Teddy (TR)).
@@blitzegron4848 Unfortunately, in history, one must often "start" at the consequences of own actions, in order to point out mistakes which happened along the way.
In the big picture of things, spotting mistakes as a contemporary witness is far more difficult.
True today. True at any point in history.
Furthermore, in order to "avoid history repeating itself", one must *first* admit that mistakes were made.
Also own mistakes.
Because, according to biblical logic: only by "removing the splinters from own eyes", can we avoid "sowing seeds", which we all "reap" at some point.
*So here is how European reign and domination of the world ended in 1945, and a few subsequent years (short version, longer version below):*
At the end of WW2, the USA (American Century) refused to honor an important treaty Western Allied leaders had made in Quebec.
A treaty/agreement almost nobody had ever heard about.
With that, Washington DC intended to become the sole nuclear power, and not share (as promised per treaty) nukes with London/GB/Empire.
By doing so, the new alpha stated that it did not want an equal power at eye level. They wanted a "junior partner".
And with that, they became the new alpha.
Rule Britania, repealed and replaced by the American Century.
Pax Britannica, replaced by Pax Americana.
Rule the Waves? Let's put it this way. No more "Two Power Standard". Who had "the bigger one"? :-)
Washington DC (The American century) was in a position to "tear up a scrap of paper" and not care what anybody in "old Europe" thought about it.
Washington Internationalism/The American Century, the other "new power" rising across the Atlantic, whose position was basically *"observe calmly, secure our position, cope with affairs calmly, hide our capacities and bide our time, be good at maintaining a low profile, and never claim leadership.”*
It's interesting to google that quote. Of course it refers to a timeless political strategy, which is true at all times, and explains a lot about the headlines we see in the papers today.
Anyway...
*Re. the concept of "being able to spot an anomaly" as history unfolded forward. Of course, it does not "happen backwards", but there is a timeline.*
Machiavelli's "balance of power".
Of course Machiavelli didn't invent the concept of "balance of power", but was one of the first to put it down in words in western literature.
*Would a true Machiavelli have ignored the noticeable change/shift in the "balance" of the powers at around the turn of the Century? (1900)*
Note that the reality of the time was that while GB/Empire and the rising USA were roughly equal in "power" at the time (around 1900), only one of these 2 "powers" had the potential to hang on to her power as the world noticeably changed around the contemporary witnesses at the time, and at least for wise leaders, also in the foreseeable future (Washington DC as the firmly established soft power "master/hegemon" in the Americas, vs. London the "still master" of an outdated 1,000+ year old colonial model).
Would a true Machiavelli have snuggled up to a power without being able to "leverage/hedge" any deal (treaty/accord/agreement/etc.) it made?
Would a true Machiavelli have relied on "appeals to emotion" (like "everybody speaking English") to ensure a dominant position?
Last time I checked, "snuggling up" without also being in a position to "leverage" and/or "hedge" a deal, wasn't in the book (The Prince).
Re. the concept of "how history unfolded aroun the turn of the century, around 1900": reality (aka "the truth") created an anomaly in the algorithm on the timeline of history.
Stalin spotted it, and he intended to imitate it.
I'm sure he identified the "weak links" of Western European domination set up by Versailles by the "Big Three", and other post-WW1 treaties, without Moscow being consulted.
The early *Communism in One Country* advocates in Moscow, soon to become World Communism: "Observe calmly, secure our position, cope with affairs calmly, hide our capacities and bide our time, be good at maintaining a low profile, and never claim leadership."
I'm sure he read a lot...
@@ralphbernhard1757 Please don't quote God's Word because you just butchered it.
WW1 begot WW2 for many reasons. America became dominant because central Europe was rubble, British empire was a house of cards that could not suffer the weakening of GB herself and so the colonies saw weakened and exploited it. GB did have a nuke by about 1950-2 based on US fat boy bomb. No nuke development was ever going to be done in England while Germany was a threat. If not for US and Marshall plan, Europe would have gone from speaking German to Russian or at least been puppet states like Vichy France or Warsaw pact.
Treaty signed in Quebec? Not aware of one. Name, parties and when was it signed?
@@blitzegron4848 Longer version:
*"Many prominent British scientists were soon transferred to the United States to work on the Manhattan Project. The team of 19 scientists from the British project who worked at Los Alamos included Chadwick, Peierls, Fuchs, and William Penney. *Nevertheless, General Leslie Groves, who disapproved of collaboration, put the British scientists in limited roles to restrict their access to complete information.*
In September 1944, a second summit was held in Quebec City to discuss plans for the final assault on Germany and Japan. A few days later, Churchill and his family went to Roosevelt’s estate in Hyde Park, New York. The two leaders pledged in a memorandum, *“Full collaboration between the United States and the British Government in developing Tube Alloys (edit: code word for nuclear technology) for military and commercial purposes should continue after the defeat of Japan unless and until terminated by joint agreement”* (Goldschmidt 217).
Despite this promise, the death of Roosevelt in 1945 marked the end of wartime collaboration. *President Truman chose not to abide by this second agreement, and United States nuclear research was formally classified in the 1946 Atomic Energy Act.*
*The British had contributed to the successful creation of an atomic bomb, and yet after the war were faced with the reality that they had been cut off from its secrets."*
From atomicheritage
Of course.
Times had changed drastically.
*Around 1900 the "formula" for success was "no navy/battleships = no leverage = no power".*
Effect? Everybody wanted the esteem and power battleships brought.
*In 1945 it was "no nukes = no leverage = no power"...*
It had surpasses "the battleship" as symbol of power.
@@ralphbernhard1757 Point 1 attacking factories makes more sense than mine, forests or some other resource. While there were attacks on civilian targets, war production factories had more impact and limited civilian casualties. Also impacted less civilian use products.
Point 2. Shocker! Helping Germany and Japan helped USA. It helped Everyone but USSR.
GB Scientists had restricted access. Of course they did. Super TOP Seceret projects require need to know. NAZI spies were everywhere and blended in very well.
GB got a good shake from USA. How many Brits died to save USA vs USA dying for Brits? They are a brother nation (blood thicket than water? ) because and despite our past.
Lol I don't even remember what started this conversation.
The world would be a safer place if all NATO would honor 2% gdp requirement. The one thing all could do to prevent WW3.
7:30 “setting pattern for honest journalism in our zone after 13 years of lies and distortions.....”.
These very things need to be taught again, only to American journalists now. FACT!
"THESE people whose mass dementia launched five wars in the past 80 years ... "
1947 - 80 = 1867, but let's include the Austro-Prussian War (the Fraternal War*) in 1866, so the number of wars will = 4..
The other wars would be the Franco-Prussian War in 1870-71, WWI and WWII.
France launched the Franco-Prussian War (although that worked out for Bismarck).
Germany alone did not launch WWI.
Germany definitely launched WWII.
That's ONE.
From 1871 to 1914, the German Empire (the Second Reich) was at peace.
During the same time period, the U.S. launched the Spanish-American War (1898) and Britain launched the Boer Wars (1899-1902).
*The war was Austria and its allied German states (e.g. Bavaria, Frankfurt, Liechtenstein among others) ... and Italy
vs.
Prussia and its allied German states (e.g. Brunswick, Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Hamburg among others).
Did the respective administrators understand any German?
2 smokes, lets go!
Just goes to show what Americans could do when they were free to smoke a cigarette when they felt like it.
Europeans know the value of peace after so much destruction like ashoka did after kalinga war and made india a non violent country......but after centuries Indians paid the price of non violence as it made Indian timid and ultimately Arabs and British arrival to India
Infelizmente o mundo vive esse jogo novamente, as mesmas artimanhas, os mesmos "falsos brilhantes" para se chegar nos mesmos resultados.
Wow
I love how they imprisoned SS troops in the very camps they used to abuse prisoners in.
*Yes...and then they were released!* *'Auschwitz was actually the size of small village consisting of Camps 'A'& 'B'...'B' was 'Birkenau'...there were over SIX-THOUSAND 'SS' assigned to Auschwitz in rotating shifts/days-off/sick-leave, etc. as well as 'transfers' etc. & out of those thousands, less than 10 were hanged*
Hal 9000 didn’t ask
Like illegal state of Israeli troops abusing innocent Palestinian people
They found space to imprison them amidst the MILLIONS(BILLIONS???) of DEAD BODIES! Truly The most amazing miracle!
El Grande karma is a bitch
I have no sympathy with the Nazis, but the Allied treatment of Admiral Dönitz was disgraceful.
Nobody's perfect
The Copyright on the film is 1946.
German now is more better than USA, England, France and Russia.. Salute for German People 👍👍
Yes. Especially in terms of thousands of muslims on the streets.
Back in de dayz when smoking where allow in even in cabinet meetings
What about the victims of rape and the number soliders, including Americans, that were participants? Just curious
10:26 I neeeeeeeeeed a stahlhelm pot to put my plants in!
What do you call a solder with His arms in the air?
French!
3:00 "These people whose mass dementia launched 5 wars in the past 80 years" Errr....what was that you said?
...... NICE ONE!
Well Fock religion and if you aren’t the pot calling the kettle black. Before you write out of your ass you really should read a history book about Europe,middle east,Russia and America before ww1 Thur ww2. You sound as dumb as you write. Know nothing and blame all others.read a book and quit listening to the liberal professors who them self failed history and trying to rewrite history with there lies and views.not truth!
It's cool that you're not alone noting that fake history.
Per the Franco-Prussian War in 1879-71, it was indeed caused by mass dementia ... by an incensed French press and a stirred up populace at a perceived insult. Hurt French feelings and pride launched that war.
I was stationed in Kaiserslautern in 2004. I noticed a people who were built by USA standards. People who were scared to do or say what they wanted. Most of them talked down to their grandparents ways. Never in my 18 years of US Army service have I ever seen a more brainwashed people who were scared of their own shadows. It made me sad to see them like that. They would even attack me verbally or softly in a physical way if I asked them about their past. It really made me mad when they talked down about their WW2 ancestors. Americans would never lay down like that. I wonder why they do?
Well they certainly wouldn't praise what their ancestors did, would they? They're probably embarrassed.
Their clothes are pretty clean and I don,t see a spit or speck of the signs of ruins on them, not even on their Shoes. [ Ding dong ].
I think that there were some battalions of Bavarians along with the Prussians....No matter....with the defeat of France the nation of Germany came into existenceat Versailles in 1871.
The Germans have a lot to grieve about and leave a history that will hang over their future for a
long time. Their last two wars in particular caused so much hurt on Europe and its people.
I don't think there is a second country in the world that has come to terms with its dark history like Germany. Have Great Britain, France, Belgium or the Netherlands ever grappled with their dark past of colonialism? Has the US come to terms with its dark history of slavery and the genocide of indigenous peoples? Did Denmark or Sweden come to terms with their dark history when they terrorized half of Northern Europe? I don't even want to talk about Russia and the USSR and how much sacrifice the Bolsheism and Communism cost. No, nobody did that because dark German history distracts so nicely from one's own dark history. If you point one finger at Germany, you forget that you are pointing four fingers at yourself. Apart from that, no German or citizen of any other country can be responsible for what happened more than 75 years ago. But it would be more honest to admit that almost every country has many dirty stains on its white vest.
@@callsigndd9ls897 ....WHAT ARE YOU GONNA DO ABOUT IT?!!
"Their" wars...??? My God, what a gullible inocent you are !
Not really. These events happened long ago and dont effect the conscience of germans today
The best by far was the American zone, the worst was the Soviet's following by France's.
Good laugh Germans we asked where they liked to live, French sector for Food American Sector For White goods British sector For Ever.
What do you expect...do you know what the Nazis did in the Eastern Front?
When you consider the horrors that Germany inflicted on Europe and the Jews, their damn lucky for any of them to be living among us.
1:51 "We watch Europe burn"
i love 🇩🇪
Who lost this war?
Quote from Solzhenytsin, (sp?) "Governments need victories, peoples need defeats."
Not always true! But worth thinking about re Europe in the 20th Century.
All there
This is 1946 NOT 1947. Read the Titling at the beginning.
No it's 2946
Wasn't U.S. policy still pretty vengeful ("Let 'em starve.") in 1946, not as benevolent as this video indicates.
@@adammosel4895 US policy towards Germany in 1946 was still very naive. They still believed that all Germans are Nazis and that there are still werewolves who want to keep fighting. It should also not be forgotten that the war only ended in Europe, in the Pacific it lasted 5 months. There was also a ban on fraternization, but that didn't last long because at some point the GI's no longer bothered about it. 40 percent of the US population at that time consisted of people with German roots who also had a certain amount of political influence internally in order to normalize the relationship with the German civilian population. Another important reason to stabilize (West) Germany as quickly as possible was the emerging Cold War with the USSR. There were also very strong Communist parties in Italy and France, supported by Moscow. It could not be ruled out that these countries could become unstable. The US needed a stable bulwark against communism in Europe.
German is German,
I love Germany.
Today world first technology German.
Not a very German sounding name, there ,Quadir...me thinks you're full of shit.
German miracle...amazing
Take a look at Palymra
like
2020 Election: Who forgot to hate?
Whoa! The countryside was largely untouched. More irony in that! The cities disliked Hitler, and the countrymen loved Hitler. I know this is hard to believe, but enough digging on your part will reveal that.
@Daniel S For the what?
So true, the French capitulated faster than you can eat a croissant. Their army was a joke and yet they pranced around like heroes post the war. That arrogance and entitlement continued for years where testing nuclear weapons in the South Pacific went largely unopposed. They should stick to perfume and pastries
Trümmerfrauen is better translated as 'Rubble Women' rather than 'Wreckage Women'..
Sort of propaganda movie, still great to view Germany after WWII. But I don't like what I see. I hate all wars. Winners are sometimes as bad as losers. There are war crimes everywhere.
the more you learn the more disheartened you are with what you thought was the truth. I always though the US saved Europe until I realised that the Germans only ever had at most 1/3 of her armies facing England, France, Canada, USA, etc while the majority of her forces were fighting the Russians.
Hard to imagine that 1/3 of the German military were able to hold off the rest of the world for 2 years.
Then the USA spent 50 years in a cold war with the Russians.
Never mid the economic connections and war dividends paid to US companies by German businesses to US shareholders actually during the war.,,lol
I remember seeing videos of mass murders, starvation, and annihilation of European Jews by Germans. Germany was lucky U.S developed nukes shortly after GER was defeated on the eastern front. You cannot run around killing men, women and children while stealing their possessions. Someone bigger will step in and kick your behind into humility.
@@samfisher2306 do you still have the same opinion now with the war in Ukraine and the US not kicking Russia's behind?
Yes, the USSR faced most of the German troops - but would have had a far worse time without US (and UK) resources. The US supplied $180bn (in 2020 dollars) worth of materiel to the USSR - 400,000 jeeps and trucks, 12,000 armored vehicles, over 11,000 aircraft and 1.75mm tons of food. Even that understates things, because critical industrial supply came from the US - e.g. machine tools, lubricants, etc. In other words, the USSR would have had a tough time making its own stuff without US input (interestingly, a lot of USSR factories were of American design - the USSR had retained US industrial experts in the 1930s to build dams, factories, refineries. So in some cases, in WWII, the US was helping to supply factories that Americans had built only five or 10 years earlier).
At the same time, the US did by far the bulk of the defeat of Japan. It was not "single-handed" but it was the vast majority of the action. It put the Marines to work in the Pacific, which allowed it to concentrate the US Army in Europe (not exclusively - the US Army also played a substantial role in the Pacific too, but the Marines were hardly present in Europe).
UK supply to USSR was also substantial, including 7000 aircraft, 5000 tanks, etc etc.
It's fair to say the USSR would have had a difficult time defeating Germany without this massive industrial supply from the US and the UK.
The US was a key player in Europe - the war could not have been won without US industrial output.
@samfisher2306 You better investigate a bit more. These videos you have seen are not what they seem.
Not the Russians. The Soviets, two different things. Only about half the Soviet population was Russian.
And the Cold War was because of post war Soviet aggression. See, for instance, the Berlin Airlift and the Czechoslovak coup.
Sokollovsky looked a lot like Ted Cruz 🤣🤣🤣. Looking at the black market I had the thought that yep another supply Sergeant gets to go back to America as a millionaire🤑🤑.
What were the 8 wars they lost in 80 years?
Waterloo 1815....Franco Prussian War 1871...…..Near defeat in 1917.....True defeat in 1940...…..Indochina.....1954...….Algeria.....1962.Five out of six ain't bad......in a hundred and forty seven years. Let's see, a little further back in time......Canada in 1762.....Louisiana the same year......Haiti in 1799...….oh...and Mexico....1863 or 1864....withthe execution of Maximillian...…..it's a pretty fine record.....
@@brucemarsico6 Yes the French ARE losers (where's the Crimean War?) but go on and you'll find that ALL western countries are...losers.
No Germany is a really powerful country one of the most powerful countries that have ever existed so respect
I'm french 😎🇩🇪💪
Actually the only lost world war 1 and 2
Crazy propaganda through out.
I laughed alot throughout this lil video
From the good guys lol
BUT--totally necessary. It was the PROPAGANDA WAR old son. Shit Communism? or the good old Democracy---US Style??
@andrew chambers and why is that old son????? M'mmmm?. Nobody would disclaim Germany's military greatness, as a nation, their abilities go way back BUT, in a Dictatorship, everybody does as they are told, or effing shot. The effing economy was on a WAR footing for nearly ten years. Hitler said 'Guns or BUTTER'? The rest of the world had reduced all their armed forces, stopped making Battleships, there was a world recession, so who in a democracy is going to spend all the nations money on a WAR, they are trying to avoid??? TRouble with a democracy is---you get VOTED OUT. Dictators have your head smashed in fo protesting.
So how long will it take for *Americans* to forget how to hate?
:'(
I do not hate Germany and have worked with Germans throughout my career.
Love how the french ponce about as if they had ever lifted a finger to liberate europe...The french more or less collaborated with the nazis and then have the nerve to swan about as if they were victors.
turn sound off
Germany did not launch 5 wars! Just the last one!
Exactly! ... although I'm not sure how the Austro-Prussian War started, but that was a war between Austria and its allied German states and Prussia and its allied German states and it was in 1866, 81 years before 1947.
Per the Franco-Prussian War, the "mass dementia" for war was coming from the French press and public over a perceived insult. Anyway, because of their hurt feelings, France launched that war.
"The Hun is either at your feet or at your throat''.- Winston Churchill.
Well he would say that wouldn't he?
john mcdonald said a guy who was a vicious war monger himself.
A leopard can’t change it spots. Brexit now
Churchill was a drunken sot
@@kentcyclist Countries/nations are not leopards. But the brexit fiasco might tempt one to wonder if England is:-(
What was American colored troops role in the occupation? Were they just sent home or did any of them participate in the occupation? I have asked this question on a few occasions but never get an answer.
I didn't see any in Germany when I was there, but they were just being integrated into the army during the fall/winter of 1948 so it was doubtful they would be sent back over. During the early 50's, integration was swift, especially during the Korean War. I remember the early to middle 1950's, the Air Force was working hard at integration and it appeared to be very smooth.
@@suzanneterrey4499 I did see one colored MP I think, at the Nurmberg trials. He was standing at the back of the courtroom, maybe behind the prisoners. I really cant remember but I did see him at the Nurmberg trials. That is what led me to thinking about it. I don't think Nazis would take to kindly being bossed around by folk of color.
War should never an option in settling desputes considering the dehumanizing effects it unleashes on the victimized. societies ! I saw it live here in Uganda !!