Why the German election is so complicated | DW News
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- Опубліковано 28 сер 2021
- The German electoral system is complicated. Really complicated. But: there are good reasons for that. Whether it's the location where Germans cast their vote, their love for paper trails or how they prevent election fraud - we explain everything that has to do with the German election.
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#GermanElection #BTW21
Title: "Why the German election is so complicated"
Narrator: "That's too complicated, we'll tell you about it another time"
ridiculous
It's too complicated. Vote once in this country and you get it. Learning by doing. I couldn't explain you exactly and I just got my Abitur in politics and economics because there are specific factors even getting changed to this day. Our political structure is always moving. It's good nonetheless. We can actually choose how we want to live and can express certain opinions through parties we vote for. Not just left and right.
Yeah, that's because there is nothing complicated about the election, at least not for the voters. I feel like they thought it would be a good idea to make a video about it, but then they noticed it's pretty easy and uploaded it anyway. xD
Learn how to listen to a narrator: It's the processing of overhang mandates which is too complicated to explain to the average youtuber.
@@albertnielsen1154 🤦
Which is the only complicated part of the election process. What a dud comment
0:45 "Every vote counts the same."
Can't help but think this was meant to be a jab at the American electoral system lol.
@The Rockall Times As of 2020, there were 168.3 million registered voters in the United States according to the US Census Bureau, whereas the number of votes cast in the election was 158.4 million, almost 10 million lower. I would love to know where you got your numbers from.
@@Debre. Mr. Trumps entourage obviously!
@The Rockall Times patently false
@The Rockall Times well is your source some random media outlet? I’m not trusting that over official data
The American Electoral System --- so fond of by mostly White people, especially older Conservative White males --- was designed FOR and BY 100% White males.
Of course, THEY said it's "the best system" there is... since it was designed to "safeguard" against the "tyranny of the majority" (i.e. minorities, women, and slaves. And, no the 3/5 "Claus" did not mean each Slave was worth 3/5 and so 2 of them got one plus votes. It's that each slave was worth 3/5 of a person in HEAD COUNTS for his/her master, the White guy; remember, even White women didn't get to vote, so it's 100% for the White guy: the design of the system, the voting process, and the benefits).
Is it a COINCIDENCE that today's Right Wing, Conservatives YEARN so much to "return America" to the early 1900s (before women got the right to vote), the 1800s, and the 1700s?, in an ALTERNATE REALITY they said everyone & everything was better, fairer, more inclusive, more democratic, more peaceful, more law abiding, & more meritocratic where "only the best and brightest" got to the top? LOL
I bet not a few Right Wing Germans also yearn to "return Germany" to its early 1900s, when there's "so much more freedom, peace, prosperity," etc.... another Alternate Reality ..... Right Wing people everywhere --- in every society --- tend to yearn for such Alternate Reality historical places, places, idealism, and happenstances...
I don't know, why this should be complicated.
It is easy, look:
1. You vote for a person from your region, to get in the Bundestag.
2. You vote a party.
3. Every party gets the same percentage of seats in the Bundestag as percentage of votes. (*)
Problem (example): party xy gets 13% of the votes but 14% of seats by the frist vote.
4. Party xy gets more seats than acually intended (Overhang)
5. To ensure the percentage, the other partys gets also more seats, so party xy has at the end 13%.
(*) Under 5% the party is out to prevent to many parties in the Bundestag. Coalitions would be difficult with too many parties.
you can get into the bundestag without the 5% needed, if you are a regional party and win in 3 different voting destricts with the 2nd vote. (for example the CSU (was actually also above 5%, but would be without 5%, because they win almost every destrict in bavaria
@@thegovenor4629 if you win all districts in Bavaria wouldn't you automatically have over 5% ?
@@danbo967 No, because someone can vote for one party's candidate to represent the constituency/district, but vote for another party for the Bundestag composition
@@danbo967 i made a mistake!!!!
Kostas corrected it already (thankfully)
You need to have 3 winning canditates (first votes), to get around the 5% block ( Hat eine Partei drei oder mehr Direktmandate errungen, dann wird sie trotzdem bei der Verteilung der Sitze nach Landeslisten berücksichtigt. rough translation: "If a party gets 3 or more direct mandates (canditates), the party will get reconnized by the distribution of the seats for the list of party candidates for election at the level of a federal state.")
So to answer your question correctly: No, for the 2nd Vote, because you can win with around 20% in every destrict in Bavaria,which could make you the strongest party in each destrict, which would be around 2,5% of all votes.
And ofc no for the correction i had to make, because you can be voted as a person, but the party doesnt need to get any votes for this.
Ummmm yeah that’s confusing how can a party get more seats than intended and why so they get a percentage of votes the same as seats
It is really not complicated and actually pretty straightforward.
Is the 5% threshold for each state or nationally.
One thing to ask, does the overhang seats take into account representation of states, or does the overhang seats only account for the national proportion of the vote?
@@JT_314_MONationally, except you are a minority party, than you have none
thanks for the explanation but i was hoping for a more detailed one. i guess we would be happy to watch a 12-15 min for an event of this importance.
Any questions?
angela merkel's regime
I will try to explain it. The so called first vote is for your election district. So you vote for a candidate that will represent your election district. Most of the time SPD or CDU will win this vote, because they are the most popular. However someone who is not candidating for a specific party could also win this vote. Someone who likes to vote for a smaller party, will probably give their vote to SPD or CDU, as they are most likely to win the election district. Now, the second vote is the more important vote, because it will decide which party will be represented the most in the parliament. Most smaller parties tell you to please give your second vote to them, as they have higher chances to get voted for as the second vote. The second vote determines which parties will be represented in the parliament and by which percentage. Now there is a scenario where a party will get more votes in the second or first vote. There are so called "Überhangsmandate/Ausgleichsmandate", as a result there will be more seats in parliament if this happens. If a party gets more second votes, they will be able to announce more members for parliament themselves. If a party gets more first votes ( mostly SPD and CDU get more first votes), then they will be able to get their candidates into parliament, but in order to still keep the percentage of the representation of each party in the parliament (2nd vote), the number of parliament seats will get increased for each party, until the percentages are correct again. I hope this helped you a bit. If you have more questions I will try to explain them as well.
@@CelineStudywithme
thank you
There really aren't more details, except for the overhang mandates.
Except it kind of isn't though? This video weirdly makes the whole process look more complicated than it is while missing the key points, leaving you none the wiser.
It is complicated compared to other countries elections u bozo
They tick two boxes because they want to
A: have local representatives and
B: have proportionality (if party gets 1/3 of vote, they get 1/3 of seats in parlament)
It's pretty good i think, ticking two boxes isn't much harder than ticking just one, and it prevents having a two-party system, spoiler votes and most of gerrymandering.
It also reduces the chance of a dictator taking power again ;).
We use this in Scotland for the Scottish parliament but not the UK parliament. The difference is night and day. I hope that before I pass, the UK can use MMP as well for their elections.
It makes outright wins unlikely, and complex coalitions common. Possibility of ungovernability
@@Rnankn Yes, coalitions are complex, as are negotiations to form them. However, ungovernability is unlikely as the 5% threshold prevents hundreds of tiny parties entering the parliament which could indeed make coalitions impossible to reach a majority.
@@N9mber This is exactly why it is how it is.
So the only really complicated part was the exact thing you decided not to explain?
Well.. that´s the part we´re not shure about ourselfs and litigation about these "Überhangmandate" has found they´re erronious in the current form but not completely unfounded but need reform- in other words it´s realy complicated.
@@Randy778
It's not really complicated. The only real problem that they create is that the Bundestag gets really big.
@@chain_of_nothing so somebody has to sit on the floor! (just kidding).
How is that complicated? It’s a regular election in a parliamentary democracy.
they left out the complicated part for another time lol
I reckon it is complicated for British people and those in their ex-colonies who have adopted first-past-the-post voting. FPTP is the most simplified, basic form of voting. It's also the one that generates greatest distortions between actual votes and representation in parliament.
I happen to be from one of those countries that uses this "Westminster" model. Every time we try to reform it, the reforms don't happen because "It's too complicated to change" and the major parties don't want to discard a system that advantages them. Simple voting systems are a drug with dangerous side effects, good on Germany for doing something else.
This isn’t complicated. And it is about the administration of the election, not the election itself which is about politics
As a swiss citizen I have only one question: This is what you call complicated?
Wahrscheinlich US Standards
Na ja, sie meinen wahrscheinlich die Sache mit den Überhangmandaten, die sie natürlich nicht erklären. Das ist schon etwas komplizierter. Und bläht den Bundestag auf,
As a German it is not that complicated though ^^
I know. You need to be able to be on the registry to vote. Voter ID essentially, and you count the votes. It’s very straightforward. In the US we have had both candidates accuse the other of cheating. Hillary Clinton in 2016 said Russia made Trump win and Trump in 2020 said voter fraud. It sucks
@@epicmatter3512 kinda funny but the 2016 russian election interference is true
"every vote counts the same" Really wish that was also true in the States.
@Varoon Of course I know the origin, but it is obviously an obsolete system by now. It is making some citizen less of a man than others just because where the lives, which should not happen in a modern democracy.
@Varoon And I respect state rights, but it should never be above human rights and citizen rights.
@Varoon States don't vote, people do.
But shouldn’t the local problems of rural areas be dealte with by the local state Gouvernements? The presidential election is for the hole country, why should small states be favoured there.
Canada to
To prevent someone with a funny mustache win the election again
The German election system is quite good,
when you compare it to the UK or USA.
But of course it is not perfect it has some flaws as well.
It has some flaws but we're complaining on a rather high level here.
The thing is, we already use the german system for regional elections in the UK. It's just the most important UK parliamentary elections that persist in using FPTP.
@The Rockall Times Can you leave this Channel American?
I think the second vote is pretty neat, but I would wish, that we would use the single transferable vote in the first vote for the constituency, like they do in Australia.
@The Rockall Times what message was deleted, when I may ask?
It's not that complicated. You vote for someone to represent your constituency, and then you vote for a party to represent you nationally. The goal is that every party gets a percentage of seats equal to its percentage of the vote. If a party gets more constituency seats than their percentage of the overall vote would indicate, additional seats are created to balance out the proportions. These seats are known as overhang seats.
This is just an explanation of how an election works. And the only complicated bit you said was too complicated and then skipped.
Now I know why Tina Turner gave up her American citizenship to become German.
It simply makes sense.
She’s Swiss citizen but you were close ;)
She lives in Switzerland and became a Swiss citizen in 2013 during the Obama Regime. She turned her back to America since the Democrats have used African Americans for decades. More and more African Americans coming to this realization. He partner is German. There is a big difference between Switzerland and Germany. That should answer your question.
The first two minutes only explain how basically every democratic election works, that‘s unneccessary. 90 % of the video content is stuff that, really, no body cares about. The only fairly „complicated“ part of the election is the two-votes-system, which you did not explain at all. Obsolete video, to be honest.
So.. a *CLICKBAIT* ? It should have been "How German elections work"..
Imagine beeing from USA and calling the german election complicated
There are more than 2 major parties in germany
Americans: ITS TOO COMPLICATED
Yeah - how are you gonna keep up with all that focusing on policy and not personal if there are more than 2 parties.
Okey to be fair it still happens and for the most part it is what decides an election. But the current support for the Greens shows that even a bad candidate can win on an popular platform.
@@bernhardstil6128 thats why i vote for the afd.
kidding, i vote for the greens and the left
It's a public German news station...
Also the US has a two party system bc of first past the post Germany fixes this with the party voting
India: it's nothing
Everything in Germany is bureaucracy and paperwork such a headache
I find it interesting. I will see later. Greetings from Medellín. Colombia. 🇨🇴
medellin cartel from narcos
@@atakankurtulmus7165 I find it interesting. I will see later. Greetings from Medellín. Colombia. 🇨🇴
@@atakankurtulmus7165 I find it interesting. I will see later. Greetings from Medellín. Colombia. 🇨🇴
@@atakankurtulmus7165 I find it interesting. I will see later. Greetings from Medellín. Colombia. 🇨🇴
2:02 is not correct. A plurality suffices for getting the seat, which is why there are no runoff elections.
If the first vote directly puts the winning representative in Parliament, how does the second vote influence each party's share in the Parliament? The people winning the first vote also have a party affiliation, as I understand.
The second vote determines the parties' share of seats in the Bundestag. Let us assume that Party A has 150 seats in the Bundestag, according to the second vote result. At the same time, 80 candidates from Party A have won a direct mandate to enter the Bundestag because they received the most first votes in their constituency. This leaves 70 seats (150-80) in the Bundestag to which the party is entitled. These are allocated to the list candidates of Party A. In each state of Germany, the (major) parties draw up a list of candidates. The remaining 70 representatives therefore enter the Bundestag via the state list. Half of the deputies are therefore elected to the Bundestag via the first vote and the other half via the second vote and the state lists of the parties.
@@LukasRoller Brilliant answer, thank you, this fills a long-standing gap in my understanding!
A rare scenario occurred to me though, and I understand it would be rare, but for the sake of argument, what if a hypothetical unpopular party with some very popular and charismatic candidates wins more seats (say 100) via the first vote, and less (say 50) via the second vote? What happens then?
Also, what happens to candidates winning the first vote, if their party does not reach the 5% threshold?
@@anupamparlikar680 This is a legitimate question, and the scenario is not uncommon. If a party achieves more seats via the first vote than it is actually entitled to according to the second vote result, it still receives them. These mandates are then called overhang mandates. For this reason, there are more members in the Bundestag than the 598 provided for by law. Because of the distortion of the secondary vote result, which is decisive for the allocation of seats, the overhang mandates have been fully compensated for since 2013. The other parties are therefore allowed to send as many additional deputies to parliament until the overhang is balanced out. Consequently, the distribution of seats again corresponds to the result of the second vote. Unfortunately, this leads to the fact that the Bundestag is getting bigger from election to election and could soon even grow to 1000 representatives. A reform of the electoral law is therefore urgently needed, but the parties in the Bundestag cannot agree on any far-reaching reform.
@@anupamparlikar680 As for your second question, as soon as a party wins three direct mandates, it enters the Bundestag. It is then irrelevant whether it has achieved 5% of the valid votes or not.
@Varoon The party lists are determined prior to the election by the parties. Seats are allocated following the ranking on the list. Which is why the party-conferences where the rankings are decided can be very tense affairs.
The reason behind Germany's current system of two votes are historical.
Before 1918, the Reichstag was elected through a first past the post system. However, Germany was very much a multi-party country, so the popular vote and the number of seats won sometimes diverged quite dramatically. For example in the 1907 election, the social democrats won 28% of the popular vote, but only got 10% of the seats in the Reichstag.
To alleviate this, the Weimar Republic had a purely proportional system with no threshold.
However, this had the consequence that you no longer had a local representative.
And the Reichstag became even more splintered, due to the lack of a threshold.
After WWII, the decision was made to combine both systems to ensure that everyone had a local representative (to bring parliament closer to the people), while maintaining the proportionality.
The threshold was also introduced to reduce the splintering.
Now I do understand why Germany, aka. a high tech country, is still paper-oriented for critical decisions. Germans never do things without proper reasons, which I like!
Did you say high tech country ? I mean government processes as well ?
We are horribly behind on digitization in the public sector. But they tried to introduce voting machines a couple of years ago, the one era that certainly doesn't need to be digitized. Protests stopped it.
Germans are actually infamous for adopting new technology fairy late...it's in a way one of our strengths, because this is the main reason why still have a strong manufacturing sector. The reason for using paper is simple: Nobody trust voting machines. Paper is way more difficult to manipulate, especially under the German rules, which works on the "many eyes" principle.
The difference between first vote and 2nd vote is not properly explained. 2nd vote determine overall party composition where 1st vote determine who take those seats.
Explaination for Americans: We vote Congress and Party at the same time. Then those people elect our chancellor.
Thanks. I thought I already understood the system. But now I'm more confused. 😒
I like how votes go straight into the paper recycling bins...
It doesn't matter what the people vote, it matters who is supposedly counting the votes...
WTF
@@jakobheim TF, TF...
@@OrenLikes 😂 I wrote that because of your comments
@@jakobheim
And...?
@@OrenLikes because your comments are completely false
the automatic registration isnt unlike many countries its like many countries. the only countries that use unautomatic registration are the US and india so the unautomatic registration sound weird to europeans
Love your use of a Stephen Colbert GIF.
Thanksl you, Like US, DE's election also bit/some complicated 🤔🤨
I don't get it ... wouldn't the composition of the Bundasteg be determined by the first column?
You vote the Party by the second. With the first one one can bring his local politician to the Bundestag. But The first one doesnt Chance the percentage distribution.
It makes them happy. They clap their hands.
Or hold their hands in a heart shape
@@ProctorsGamble Go for what ever works.
Americans be like: Well just stop humiliating us okay...
Europeans, especially the "Krauts" (slang for Germans) are jealous of the USA. We got the big houses, SUVs, trucks. They are trying to imitate us by driving SUVs on their over crowded Autobahn system, with 24/7 traffic jams.
I wish we had this system in America where the Majority rules every step of the way. Good on you, Germany!
It has some downsides. For example Urbanites voting in Green parties to basically get rid of cars. That might work well in Berlin with a good public transport, an abundance of carsharing services and all kinds of ubers, taxis, scooters, etc. and of course short distances. But in rural areas, none of that exist.
Except that Germany doesn't have the majoritarian electoral system, the U.S. does.
OMG, drunken Nancy Pelosi occupying the Oval Office for the past 40 years? What a nightmare.
Very similar to the New Zealand system
That's because it is the same system, we both use MMP only we use coattailing as well and have fewer overhanging seats because one party is not so dominant locally
New Zealand adopted the German system.
@@thomasrudiger2035 not in its entirety we have made a few changes but for the most part it's the same, I'd say it's closer to the mmp variant Bolivia uses only without the 3% threshold
After watching the Ryder'sCup today. Can you get some Germans playing golf?? For the team. Thanks
Interesting. The process is not dissimilar to Australia, but we don't vote for a party but we do vote for an upper and a lower house of parliament. Australia has the centralised federal commissioner, centralised federal law and conditions, been marked off the electoral roll, the paper ballot and paper trail. Polling venues use public school etc and are very convenient with probably no more than a 5-10 minute complete process - from walk in to walk out. The polling venues look very similar to those on the vid. There is always a good community feeling surrounding the polling places. Australia also has scrutineers appointed by the political parties who can oversee every ballot and who can challenge any ballot. Australia has compulsory attendance (not compulsory voting). For non-attendance, not been marked off the roll, a small fine can be imposed, about $100, or an excuse accepted (fairly relaxed like work reasons). There are multiple ways to vote; absentee, postal, overseas, etc.
Why the 'world's greatest democracy' can't get even near this standard is a mystery.
I knew about the compulsory voting system (in my view not a bad idea), but interesting to hear about the rest.
In Germany there are two houses of parliament, Bundestag and Bundesrat. The latter is not voted for by voters directly, rather it is made up from representatives from each of the 16 states in germany, who are elected by that states government. Since each state usually has a coalition parliament as well, most of the time the votes they cast and the representatives are pre-determined on a state level.
It's only complicated to Americans
Not that complicated..
You elect me myself and you can Do that ,this are your Demokratic choice and votes ,in World and Berlin how germany .
We have almost exactly the same system in Australia, perhaps this is only complicated for Americans
Filling out my election letter rn
Everything German is complicated for no apparent reason. Been living here over 10 years now.
Funny, I don't think its complicated at all. If you are a political party and find somebody who wants to work with you and together you have over 50% of the voters, you win.^^ US system is just quite simple: Either Red or Blue wins XD
*The following is a public service announcement, excess of alcohol consumption can cause liver damage cancer of the rectum.*
Everybody may be registered to vote, but Is voting compulsory as in Australia? I believe this is a good Idea because no group can say that the government does not represent the majority of the population and that they had no say in it.
No, voting in Germany is not compulsory.
One can also easily vote by mail about 4 weeks ahead of polling day.
No, voting is not compulsory in Germany.
In the last election 76.2 percent of registered voters actually voted.
It is written in our constitution that voting has to be "free", as in "freedom". That means you have also the freedom to not vote.
As others have explained, no compulsory voting in germany. However, it is really extremely easy. Every german citizen gets a voting notification around six weeks before election day, with which one can get mail voting papers or promote a proxy. This is possible as everyone in germany, not just citizens, has to register at his place of living, that address is, among other things, used to build the voters register.
Oh, and election day is always a sunday as most people do not have to work that day. After all, there are (nearly) no shops open on sunday. Quite often there will be several elections on the same day. For example i will vote for my state parliament at the same time as i will vote for the federal parliament this year. Both are situated in the same city though ;) Yes, we have states that consist of only one or two cities, i happen to live in Berlin which is its own state.
@@Soordhin viele dank
1:58 Technically not true. It should be plurality.
This is precisely what I was wondering.
I don't get your comment. The statement beginning at 1:58 is not wrong.
@@felicious6384 A majority means 50% + 1, which is not required to win a direct mandate. You only need more votes than any other canddiate, which is called a plurality.
@@therationalityreport3202 Ooooh, now I get it. Thank you for clarifying! In German, majority and plurality are the same, we just differentiate between an absolute and a simple majority. :D
@@therationalityreport3202 They could also have said "a relative majority".
So its a pretty standart vote ?
Well, at least BETTER than giving States points.
I would like to know how the Kanzler is elected,because as far as i know every Kanzler candidates are known before elections and it is like a sort of campaign for the parties too
Actually the Kanzler candidates are not official.
@@robixom Yes but the Bundestag can still elect every adult German citizen.
@@robixom I cite the German Wikipedia: Das Grundgesetz und die Gesetze des Bundes stellen keine ausdrücklichen Voraussetzungen für die Wählbarkeit (passives Wahlrecht) zum Amt des Bundeskanzlers auf. In der verfassungsrechtlichen Literatur wird aber ganz überwiegend davon ausgegangen, dass hierfür die Regelungen zur Wählbarkeit zum Bundestag entsprechend gelten.[9] Damit würde gelten, dass zum Bundeskanzler nur gewählt werden kann, wer Deutscher im Sinne von Artikel 116 Grundgesetz ist, das 18. Lebensjahr vollendet hat, und dem nicht durch gerichtliches Urteil das Wahlrecht entzogen wurde;[10] auch Betreuung oder Unterbringung in einem psychiatrischen Krankenhaus würden disqualifizieren.[11]
So nope, she or he doesn't need to be a member of the Bundestag.
Each party votes for their Chancellor candidate at the start of their election campaign. Even though they could basically elect anyone within their ranks once they are in power, it’s basically an unspoken promise to the voters that the candidate representing each party during the campaign will also be voted into power after the election.
@@robixom You do not have to be a member of the Bundestag to become the Kanzler. Kiesinger was not a member of parliament while he was Kanzler.
It's not that complicated just click bait
Do you want to get rid of overhang seats and tatical voting un Germany?
Then adopt South Africa' local government system. Small change (to German system) but with massive improvement.
Sounds interesting, could you elaborate a bit more please?
Why should we get rid of overhang seats?
Taking their time. Canada only called our election last month and we're voting before Germany.
dafuq did you just explain? there was no content
As long as theres no failed artist with a funny mustache here
I'm confused. How can you vote for a candidate and then a party? What if a party has 60% of candidates voted in but only 40% of the party vote🤔. Please someone explain😂. Here in 🇿🇦 it's so simple...
I will try to explain it. The so called first vote is for your election district. So you vote for a candidate that will represent your election district. Most of the time SPD or CDU will win this vote, because they are the most popular. However someone who is not candidating for a specific party could also win this vote. Someone who likes to vote for a smaller party, will probably give their vote to SPD or CDU, as they are most likely to win the election district. Now, the second vote is the more important vote, because it will decide which party will be represented the most in the parliament. Most smaller parties tell you to please give your second vote to them, as they have higher chances to get voted for as the second vote. The second vote determines which parties will be represented in the parliament and by which percentage. Now there is a scenario where a party will get more votes in the second or first vote. There are so called "Überhangsmandate/Ausgleichsmandate", as a result there will be more seats in parliament if this happens. If a party gets more second votes, they will be able to announce more members for parliament themselves. If a party gets more first votes ( mostly SPD and CDU get more first votes), then they will be able to get their candidates into parliament, but in order to still keep the percentage of the representation of each party in the parliament (2nd vote), the number of parliament seats will get increased for each party, until the percentages are correct again. I hope this helped you a bit. If you have more questions I will try to explain them as well.
@@CelineStudywithme thank you so much for taking the time to explain! Very much appreciated! I think I understand now😁.
In SA we sort of just skip the first vote... no district representation...
@@CelineStudywithme Great explanation! Thanks!
What is complicated about it ?
What is the point of marking choice for candidate and choice of party seperate
How hard is it for party to nominate their candidate and take his vote as vote for party
BS
299 of the 598 regular seats of the Bundestag are allocated by this first vote, this 299 corresponds to the number of constituencies in Germany. These are local politicians who represent the interests of their constituency.
These candidates also campaign locally for their party.
The other 299 seats are elected via the second vote. This allows parties to consider specialists for certain areas or certain spheres of influence.
These candidates do not have to campaign locally.
The other part which is the party vote was meant to be an "equalizer vote" to ensure that the seats gained by a party in the Bundestag would be proportional to the total votes the party gained in the election.
So how to vote for a chancellor?
The voter can't. The chancellor will be elected by Parliament (or rather Bundestag). Usually it is the chancellor candidate of the biggest party, which does not always have to be the leader of that party. For example the current front runner is Olaf Scholz, a social democrat who is not party leader.
Vorsprung durch Technik!?.. Nein, nein, nein und nein!
Vorsprung für wen?
The candidate with a majority of the votes is elected - or is it the plurality? @ 2:03
For the local representatives, it's the plurality. Classic first past the post.
@@SomePotato right it's not preferential
I think that heads of state should be directly elected the German system is a literal slightly better version of The electoral college since it could allow a minority of people to choose the person in charge all they need to do is convince people to vote on one item and they could get someone in power that everyone hates and also rank choice voting is a terrible system because if you have the biggest plurality you should have the power
It is not possible to have the Federal Chancellor elected directly by the people. This is because the office of the Chancellor is not bound to the parliamentary term. According to the German constitution, it is possible for the members of parliament to vote the chancellor out of office, for example in the case of misconduct or if the majority situation in parliament changes. The hurdles to remove an incompetent president from office in the USA are far too high.
Generally, in parliamentary democracies, the head of government is elected by parliament. With the exception of the UK, there he is appointed by a head of state who came into office by birth.
Directly-elected heads of state are only good to countries with strong heads of state or president a.k.a. presidential system (or semi-presidential system in the case of France and Russia). Most parliamentary democracies (including the largest one, India) elect their ceremonial presidents indirectly since it won't really make sense to elect them by popular vote. Parliamentary democracies like Austria elect their president directly but that's because it's a ridiculously small country to begin with. In the parliamentary system, the heads of state aren't in charge, the heads of government are (prime minister, premier, chancellor, you name it), they are the leader of the largest party in the legislature and are elected by the legislature (parliament, Bundestag, etc.).
I believe the head of government in head of state should be one person without a monarchy not two middlemen AKA legislators can have a lot of power in this process and could elect I figure that everyone hates or is incredibly corrupt
@@TimeMakerDotPH I know I believe that there should be a head of government and head of state has one person in countries without a monarch they should not be two separate people since the head of States effectively useless it's just a holdover from monarchies when Monarch gave up more of their power over time they should be one person and they should be directly elected because they could allow someone who is incredibly corrupt to get power if they're well-connected within political parties
California also have a two checkbox system ..since the days of richer nigson.
There is nothing complicated here
My personal opinion: raising taxes will not solve the problem of guaranteeing ordinary Germans welfare status.
I have a far better solution: German banking corporations should have a more entrepreneurial spirit. Every time when Germany holds a tech expo or a tech exhibition, it is a mandatory thing for German banking corporations to be invited and to be presented with new developments at tech stands. Therefore, seed money or investment money would be directly injected into innovative tech ventures proposed at a tech expo or a tech exhibition. That idea also goes for other expos and exhibitions like agricultural-forestry products expo or exhibition for example, etc. German banking corporations to also set up expo stands or exhibition stands there as well.
Result? The German economy grows.
Long live democracy.
Long live Capitalism.
New approach: banking services offered directly at expos and exhibitions namely at stands and to participating companies present offering their innovations at expos and exhibitions.
Spreekt voor zich
Like the UK then.
No, it has nothing to do with the system in the UK. The UK has a pure majority voting system in which smaller parties have no chance of gaining influence (the winner takes it all).
The Greens will never become as important there as they are in Germany.
In a pure majority system, a lot of votes are lost, in the last House of Commons election it was 40%.
I'm sorry, but the electoral system in the UK is quite undemocratic.
The German system is certainly not perfect, the loss of votes that had no influence on the election was only about 10%.
In Germany, the head of government is elected by the democratically elected members of parliament. In the UK he is appointed by a non-democratically elected head of state who came to office by birth. The House of Commons also has no power to vote out the PM.
The Bundestag can certainly vote out the Chancellor for misconduct.
@@ruhri0411 You got me right in the first part but I respectfully disagree on the part of the monarchy. In theory, yes the monarch can appoint anyone to become the P.M. But the monarchy has respected the parliamentary tradition and ever since, the leader of the largest party in the House of Commons has always become the P.M. since 1902. If the appointment was being done then it's for formality purposes only.
In theory, he can appoint anyone but doing so would lead to a constitutional crisis that's why it was never tried for many decades already.
Yes they had a problem in their political system like F.P.T.P., House of Lords, and the monarchy but it wasn't really undemocratic as you want to portray it. Elections were still free and fair, it's just that they have problems with unfair representation in parliament.
Also, per the Democracy Index, the most democratic countries in the world are actually constitutional monarchies L.O.L. What makes you think that an unelected head of state is undemocratic? If that unelected head of state is just ceremonial then I'm fine with it.
this video didnt help for sure
Nice Video!! Very engaging from beginning to the
END.Nevertheless,business And Investment are the best way to make money irrespective of which party makes it to the oval office
Exactly sir
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Germans chose right.
somewhat similar to India
No, it's not complicated and much less complicated than US or UK elections.
Also it is much more democratic then the US election.
@@emmahunter2084 in what way? Both are just as democratic they just use different systems
@@darkrai24100 Because in Germany every Vore counts the same, while the in the US this isn't the case. Also the American system is not as stable, which we saw in the last elections.
@@emmahunter2084 that's why I asked in what way? You're not explaining the issues as I have issues with the current system but not in the fact that it's less democratic than Germany's
This is literally like any other election in European countries. Why are you making it sound more complicated than it is lmao
Not complicated.needs one sentence .I'm disappointed.
There is no a significant difference, how to realize that Germany might be better about avoiding fraud using old fashioned paper roll?
It might be old-fashioned but the overall election results are always known within a matter of hours.
I know this sounds like a boomer, but it's true: Paper can't be hacked.
You can't manipulate a piece of paper, without it being pretty obvious on a large scale.
Out of 82 million, 60.4 are 18years and over... That's a very old population ... They need to reduce on the birth controls...
@WP WW the Hungarian system has alot of flaws, and it's unclear if the Hungarian system will bring birth rates to 2.1 or higher ratios. The biggest issue is that it is quite an expensive system Vs alternatives (like immigration, a young immigrant does not need school, often already has an education or skills and will be productive quite soon, a child needs 20+ years to become a taxpayer). The Hungarian system is also very new, and needs ironing out (it's heavily biased towards the people least likely to have kids for example)
@WP WW If you have a child, the German government already pays a lot for you. You'll get for every child "Kindergeld", which ranges between 219 and 250€ per month until your child finishes his first job education or turns 25. You do not have to pay fees for Kindergarten or school. If you get a child, then you can have "Elternzeit". It's like an unpaid leave for up to 36 months. You can return to your job afterwards. Also, there are a ton of laws ("Mutterschutz") for young mothers, which prohibits them to get fired while pregnant, where they can reduce working hours and of course a compulsory paid leave before during and after birth (around 14 weeks).
Yeah, the German population is old, and we'll have to face the "Pillenknick" in the near future. But it will stabilize in 30-50 years.
p.S.: 60.4 Million people are eligible to vote in the upcoming federal election. That does not mean, that 21.6 million people are younger than 18 years. In reality, around 13 Million people are younger than 18 years. You have to take into account, that around 10 Million people live in Germany, that do not have a German passport. When they have a passport of a country, that is a member of the EU, they can vote in local elections (e.g. who should be the mayor of your city) and for the European Parliament, but they are not allowed to vote on a state or federal level.
@@felicious6384 13 million make it even worse...
@WP WW Haha! Germany system as incentives are way more generous than Hungary's...
It's the same "problem" everywhere in the world. With rising wealth, birth rates decline. With modern medicine, people get older. Declining birth rates are actually a good thing and the only way to stop the world from becoming overpopulated.
Angela Markle 16 years but they somehow don't call her a tyrant. Interesting
You watch youtube all day, but we dont call you a bum. Boring.
There is a difference between a tyrant and a democratically elected politician. Also tyrants don't stand down.
It is good they are complicated
There is also the posibilaty of a minority government.
Its so complicates because the system as it is of right now is close to be unshakeable. The parties in power were in power for the last 70 years and will be in power for the next 20-30 till all old people are dead :(
... but have you been following recent political trends? When the BRD was founded, the two blocks of SPD and CDU established rather quickly and have been in power for decades... until they started losing power ~12 years ago, and dropped from comfortable 40%+ (at some times even 55%+ solo majorities) to the current ~25%, making them more and more dependent on actually forming coalitions with other parties (to the degree that we even had a SPD+CDU coalition, which was unthinkable those couple decades ago).
And this election, we might even see the Greens pull ahead to become the largest party (and even if they don't, it's already established that the other likely outcome will be a CDU+Green Coalition). Note that the Greens didn't even exist 50 years ago.
If anything, the past decades prove exactly that the parties in power are NOT unshakeable, and that the system is working exactly as intended (thought he rise of the NPD and later AfD showcase that it might even be too easy for questionable fringe parties to seize localized power).
@The Rockall Times your comment makes it very obvious that you are not from Germany. If you are you would know that basically most of their ideas would be devastating.
@@Winston.S.Churchill Does he want Schleswig-Holstein back?
...That isn't exactly true. We usd to have three parties (SPD, CDU and one inbetween which was constantly switching coalitions between those two). Then the public felt that we needed to do more about the environment (and against nuclear power), and the Greens emerged. Than some SPD people felt that the party wasn't left enough anymore and they joined in with the formed SED to form the Linke. Then people felt that it was time to become racist again and the AfD emerged. Basically we went from three to six parties, and there are one or two waiting in the margins to get the necessary support, plus a few which have been successful on the lower levels (Die Piraten, die Freien Wähler...)
Meanwhile certain other countries are stick in a two party system.
In my lifetime the political landscape has changed quite a bit as have the parties themselves.
Kindly refer for a code of referencing issues by politians I am highly concerned of one referring to the term......never again......should not be used to attack a way of thinking group,..in address to parliament.....a bit out of this world maybe also cold blooded I'm not sure which books he was reading from. Maybe have small lecture lessons and educative program to pin a message of knowledge as part of preparation. Jokes aside or to face punitive actions in law
Germany here: People complaining about fast-fowarding that 'advanced knowledge' of our election system should keep in mind: It's about an EASY explanation about how it basically works.
Those 'pro rules' are not that difficult but would make the video far too long and many people don't have enough patience listening/watching it.
Simpel explanation: Germans have two votes. Each vote counts for 1/2 of the parliament's representatives:
One for the direct candidate for each election district (winner takes all principle) and one for a party (proportional system).
A party MUST NOT have more members in parliament than according to the share of the second votes! (Party A gets 30% share of second votes, so 30% of the total amount of representatives in parliament)
The directly elected representatives of an election district are almost always CLOSELY related to a party!
And here comes the problem: You can split your votes! Let's say the direct candidate from your district is affiliated to party A... and you vote for him/her. Still you think your second vote should go to party C, because they are more 'pro-biz'!
In this situation it is possible (and often happens) that a political faction in parliament would get a higher share of seats by winning LOTS of direct mandates than it should have according to the result of the second votes!
Seats in Parliament: 500
reserved for election district reps: 250
reserved for political party reps: 250
result of the election:
Party A wins 40 % of the direct election district seats (winner-takes-all principle like in the US) ---> 100 seats (40% of 250)
PLUS
Party A gets 30 % of the second votes --> 75 seats (30% of 250)
So in total party A would get 175 seats in a parliament of 500 members. (35% of 500)
CONSTRAINT: A PARTY MUST NOT HAVE A HIGHER SHARE OF SEATS THAN THE RESULT OF THE SECOND VOTES!
This means that party A must not have more than 30 % of seats (150)... so there are 5% of 500 seats (25) in excess!
Now it's impossible to reduce those seats... so the other parties get additional seats to lower (dilute) the amount of seats for party A down to 30%!
So those 175 seats must be the 30 % share of a bigger parliament.... the parliament's size must be increased to 583 seats (+83) so that 30 % of those are 175 seats! (583 • 0,3 = 175) 😉
Thanks for the clear explanation! I was indeed confused, but not anymore thanks to you!
@@timxiao5076 You are welcome!
@@timxiao5076 I mixed up the words.... this direct candidates are no municipal candidates.... Germany is divided into election districts (kind of counties!)
Check out wikipedia and type in 'electoral district', then choose the German version, scroll down and you will see a map of Germany in b/w with all electoral districts.
There are 299 districts, so the base number of reps in our parliament is 598. And then check the real number... it is 709! 😉
@@knutritter461 Aha, got it! Thanks a lot!
They have to rig it
???
germany: once your 18, you're automatically registered to vote. you can vote through mail or in a very beautiful museum
america: wait, holdup, where's your id? pls register first. what? mail-in voting? we don't do that. pls go to your nearest cramped school or community center. you want water? nah, that's considered vote buying.
To be fair, most polling places are not in a beautiful museum, but cramped schools or city halls. But they are usually in walking distance, and if there's no global pandemic going on, lines are virtually non-existent.
You need ID, and you need to register with your local administration in Germany. Not explicitly to vote, but as a legal requirement by default. Obviously, if you don't have a universal national ID and general registration of people, that complicates the election process a bit, right? At least from my German perspective. And most of us do vote in schools, city halls or community centers. Though the process is usually quick and painless.
You are telling election of 6 crore people is complicated.
Come to India , we are handling more than 60 crore votes.
That too in secured digital way.
Come to India and learn.
No. Sod off
Bosnia and Lebanon are more complicated than germany
Meanwhile US elections
If you can call it that
Last time I was this early Austria Hungary still existed
Preuße
Are the any right wing parties in Germany which could win? Otherwise no point of any of these elections
Yes there's a chance for a politically right wing party to win. The CDU/CSU alliance, Germany's Conservative party.
...in Europe there is not such a big left/right divide. It is more issue based. You have a party for families, a party for workers, one for the climate and one for the ceos
right wing extremists: the AfD. But they cant win.
16 years? Wow, that's almost like Bashar and Lukashenko. At least, she's a better leader than those 2.
And like her or not, she has won a fair and free election every 4 years.
@@SomePotato She did won with Democracy. Not like Lukashenko and especially *Bashar*
And legit.
eliminative
I think it's still more simple than the damn American elections
I liked the subtle shots at the American Republican Party reference automatic voter registration at 18 years of age and vote by mail being universal across the country.....almost as if they like democracy.
It's not really a shot at anyone, even if it might sound so to American ears. It's just how it is here.
Ahh yes german election you vote whoever you want and cdu is still at the top
does not look like it right now, does it?
@@bernhardstil6128 coalitions
@@GunslingerLv Thats not how it works. Even if the CDU would be relevant for a future coalition they would have to settle with the junior role. And in that case there would be no majority to elect their candidate as chancellor.
Ay yes the neigh
Leave it to DW to give me a video I am interested in, and, at the end, be even more confused.
Why 2 rows?
This system seems to be exploitative. I'm missing so much more details.
I hope the blable will be made into a video. That sounds interesting.
It’s sort of a balancer, to let them pick the individuals that will directly represent them, while the 2nd row is to determine the amount of seats that each party will be allocated, look it up on yt cause I can’t explain it in a detailed way, cheerios.
Which two rows are you referring to? The ballot? There were two significant columns, but the video clearly explains them.
With the first vote, voters cast votes directly for one candidate. The candidate with the majority in the constituency wins a place in parliament.
With the second vote voters can vote for a favorite party. The first and second casts are compared in the aftermath and if a party has more first, than second votes, she has a „überhangmandat“.
Yes, the system is complicated, but it offers voters to split their votes for two different parties. Especially small parties profit, as they might not win any seats, without this system.
But in order to avoid too many parties in parliament (which destabilizes the government) a party must gain more than 5% of the votes, otherwise the cast is lost… yeah it’s complicated
@@EarnestBunbury you lost me at the second part. So I like a guy and vote for him and he makes it into parliament.
And I like a party and they win.
But the 2 are completely different paries, ideology etc.
How will that work out?
@@EarnestBunbury that seems complicated but very effective indeed! This is perfect for a situation when I like a diff political party at a national level but I like the local candidate of another party, which happens quite often, and also small parties get a say too. This is how it works right?