What Caused The Cambrian Explosion?

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  • Опубліковано 20 гру 2023
  • If you’re struggling, consider therapy with BetterHelp #ad. Click
    betterhelp.com/historyofearth for a 10% discount on your first month of therapy with a
    credentialed professional specific to your needs.
    9:48 - Part 1 - The Cambrian Explosion
    29:40 - Part 2 - A Real Explosion?
    44:51 - Part 3 - Animals From The Earth
    1:07:27 - Part 4 - Tipping Points
    Written & researched by Leila Battison. Check out her channel:-
    / @somethingincredible
    Video & script edited by Pete Kelly. Check out his channel:-
    / @petekellyhistory
    Narration by David Kelly. Check out his channel:-
    / @voicesofthepast
    Thumbnail Art by Ettore Mazza
    - Image Credits:
    Matteo De Stefano/MUSE
    Avancna en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trilobo...
    Oleg Kuznetsov - 3depix - 3depix.com/ 3D Epix Inc.
    www.ediacaran.org/fractofusus....
    F. S. Dunn, C. G. Kenchington, L. A. Parry, J. W. Clark, R. S. Kendall & P. R. Wilby www.nature.com/articles/s4155...
    Spriggina ovata, South Australia. Image: Dr Alex Liu
    Daderot - Own work
    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spriggi...
    spriggina.html
    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickins...
    Aleksey Nagovitsyn (Alnagov
    commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
    commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trilobi...
    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trilobi...
    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tardigrade
    www.ediacaran.org/charnia-maso...
    Photo: Bob Thomas/Popperfoto via Getty Images/Getty Images

КОМЕНТАРІ • 1,2 тис.

  • @HistoryoftheEarth
    @HistoryoftheEarth  4 місяці тому +16

    If you’re struggling, consider therapy with BetterHelp #ad. Click
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    • @i_potatoe
      @i_potatoe 4 місяці тому +36

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      @mirkorenerLT 4 місяці тому +40

      it's a scam, stop accepting their money...

    • @thomashaapalainen4108
      @thomashaapalainen4108 4 місяці тому +34

      Boo better help. I have no idea why they haven't been slapped down by HIPPA laws or the FDA.

    • @chrismeandyou
      @chrismeandyou 4 місяці тому +3

      your fungus vid is down

    • @tara9155
      @tara9155 3 місяці тому +1

      L+ ratio + boycott BH + 7.8mil lawsuit over stolen user data + free 🇵🇸 + your fungus vid is down

  • @SoraHjort
    @SoraHjort 4 місяці тому +1756

    Gez, betterhelp is really trying to do a redemption tour/history sweeping with all these sponsorships on various channels after the stuff that went down a couple years back when they got caught mishandling patient info and unqualified professionals they hired. Selling patient info to various people should have destroyed the company... I mean when you get the FTC going after over it, you know you've screwed up.

    • @thecianinator
      @thecianinator 4 місяці тому

      They're just doing what NordVPN did after they leaked every single one of their usernames and passwords: doubling down on advertising and hoping people forget.

    • @rockstdy2154
      @rockstdy2154 4 місяці тому

      www.ftc.gov/business-guidance/blog/2023/03/ftc-says-online-counseling-service-betterhelp-pushed-people-handing-over-health-information-broke

    • @theo6741
      @theo6741 4 місяці тому +289

      Also monopolized/corporatized mental health treatment sounds ominous

    • @carterrrrrrr
      @carterrrrrrr 4 місяці тому +140

      @@theo6741 i mean thats the america we live in lol
      pov private healthcare

    • @antoniohorta5656
      @antoniohorta5656 4 місяці тому +15

      Hope you like the content, negative Nancy

  • @jasperdragon00
    @jasperdragon00 4 місяці тому +421

    glad your channel is getting sponsored, but i must remind people that betterhelp does not have the best practices and they have mishandled medical data as well as hired therapists without qualifications that have severely mistreated patients. just want people to stay safe

    • @tamarausher60
      @tamarausher60 4 місяці тому +8

      There are channels sponsored by whisky, Coca cola, sigaretts and medicinal drugs. By military- industrial consortiums and by countries with dictatorship type of government.. so always we are at risk, and that are we who need to have some common sense and dont criticize such a very good channel that need be sponsored to continue making this superb content.

    • @KenikoB
      @KenikoB 3 місяці тому +32

      ​@@tamarausher60 Yeah and those suck too
      also the way sponsors work is that the company will stop sponsoring a channel that doesn't get them any business. comments like these are to make sure the people watching don't go use the service just because they see it on this channel.

    • @NathalieCwiekSwiercz
      @NathalieCwiekSwiercz 3 місяці тому

      ​@@tamarausher60first of all, the VAST majority of people knows that alcohol and tobacco is dangerous. But with companies like better help that's not the case, (and it's really serious what they have done) especially when it comes to subscribers/users with disabilities or mental illness and such, they can be very trusting and easy to take advantage of, wich better help does and they have done A LOT more than that.
      Its disgusting.
      And listen, this channel has over 50000 subscribers and they have a few other channels with even more, this isn't one or two persons doing all this hard work on their own, this is more or less a company/business, so no, they do NOT "need" sponsors. They choose to have sponsors.
      And they are ABSOLUTELY at fault for chosing money over their subscriber's health and wellbeing. Betterhelp has done disgusting stuff, inexcusable stuff, and people know this, especially those who choose to work with them like this channel, you always look into your sponsors, especially channels as big as this, and they still choose to support them, that's disgusting.
      Don't put UA-cam channels on a pedestal, even if you enjoy their content, do your research always and please dont support behavior like this, call it out, that's how people grow and this world gets better

    • @OneVoiceMore
      @OneVoiceMore 3 місяці тому +2

      The video itself is mishandling information, so it seems thematic.

    • @0Logan05
      @0Logan05 3 місяці тому

      Fitting..Pseudo intellectual Sponsorship for a channel pushing Satanic Theories as Fact.
      This is the great deception..Lies lies and more lies to cover Reality.

  • @kylezo
    @kylezo 2 місяці тому +14

    This is sooooo weird if you actually pay attention to it. the sudden music shifts, unrelated footage, the way he repeats himself and continually changes the way he pronounces things, lol. it's really actually even more hypnotic in that way. it keeps you kinda dizzy lol

  • @Oberon4278
    @Oberon4278 4 місяці тому +289

    My favorite part of UA-cam is how they time ads perfectly for when I'm almost but not quite asleep.

    • @patrickwatrin5093
      @patrickwatrin5093 4 місяці тому +15

      Absolutely maddening

    • @shortbusbully
      @shortbusbully 4 місяці тому +43

      And they are 10 decibels louder than the video

    • @dr.briandecker496
      @dr.briandecker496 3 місяці тому +17

      This is like the main reason I pay for premium. Was ruining my favorite way to fall asleep

    • @iainballas
      @iainballas 3 місяці тому

      @@dr.briandecker496 Had to pay for it... I use it for a lot of background music in DnD games, and adblock got too unreliable. I hope most stay strong though./

    • @Mooondoggy
      @Mooondoggy 3 місяці тому +13

      Sponsorblock + DeArrow have changed my life and save me 13 quid a month

  • @SenorTucano
    @SenorTucano 4 місяці тому +293

    A change in ocean chemistry may have played a significant role in the Cambrian explosion. A gradual change from acid to alkaline would have permitted calcareous exoskeletons to evolve.

    • @alexcontreras6103
      @alexcontreras6103 4 місяці тому +7

      true

    • @and_I_am_Life_the_fixer_of_all
      @and_I_am_Life_the_fixer_of_all 4 місяці тому +13

      that's how particle life works, I think we kinda solved where we came from to be honest.

    • @PartyMusic775
      @PartyMusic775 4 місяці тому

      If you mean primordial soup, every scientific experiment and test to try to validate the theory has failed,
      @@and_I_am_Life_the_fixer_of_all

    • @travisa.992
      @travisa.992 4 місяці тому +25

      More likely that this just means the amount of fossilization changed, while the actual animal abundance was more or less the same.

    • @BeckBeckGo
      @BeckBeckGo 3 місяці тому +1

      This makes sense! I keep a coral fish tank and I have some marine snails in there. And I have to watch the pH (lots of factors but definitely pH) very carefully

  • @gabbyn978
    @gabbyn978 4 місяці тому +137

    I once read a biography about Wallace. In that book, it was said that Wallace (who gave the Wallace Line its name) contacted Charles Darwin, in order to discuss his own findings. Whithin the correspondence, he asked Darwin to publish their common idea in his book, as Wallace had the feeling he was not confident enough and would not be able to deal with the backlash that such a thesis would cause. So there was no competition at all, Wallace simply left this task to Darwin.

    • @llanitedave
      @llanitedave 4 місяці тому +68

      It's true that Darwin thought Wallace deserved more credit for the theory than he ever claimed. He wrote to him “You are the only man I ever heard of who persistently does himself an injustice & never demands justice” (14 April 1869). But Wallace recognized that Darwin's work on the theory not only predated his own, but explored it in much greater depth than Wallace had ever envisioned. Wallace mostly claimed credit for being the impetus that pushed Darwin into the action of actually publishing his long-delayed book. Later, Darwin and Wallace corresponded extensively and shared their ideas freely, each helping influence the evolution of the other's evolutionary ideas, even though those became increasingly divergent over time.

    • @SmartWentCrazy.
      @SmartWentCrazy. 4 місяці тому +16

      ⁠​⁠​⁠@@llanitedaveWow, that is rather heart warming.
      Also, It’s a little bit ironic because survival of the fittest if (crudely) “applied” to the scenario would predict a far more adversarial approach to their respective academic contributions.

    • @llanitedave
      @llanitedave 4 місяці тому +29

      @@SmartWentCrazy. If crudely applied, perhaps. But the concept of "fitness" actually allows for a lot of finesse in the real word. A feature or behavior that is "fit" depends greatly on the local context in the current environment. Big, strong, and confrontational is not always the most successful combination. In humans, reproductive success involves the skill of maintaining interpersonal relationships and cultivating cooperating peers and allies. That quality also has a bonus when it comes to sustaining a civilization.

    • @robotboy719
      @robotboy719 4 місяці тому +15

      @@llanitedave All true and it raises an essential about why Darwin was able to develop the theory to greater depth. Put simply, Darwin was a rich gentleman, a member of the ruling class, and Wallace was a working stiff. While Darwin was able to muse in his garden for years, Wallace was in the hot zone trying to make money. In fact, it was only being knocked out for months with a tropical fever that allowed him to put the paper together that shocked Darwin into action. Wallace and Darwin understood that if Wallace came forward as the promoter of the theory, he could quite easily be dismissed, ridiculed, ignored. Whereas Darwin was well-connected with the scientific establishment and would at least get a hearing.

    • @llanitedave
      @llanitedave 4 місяці тому +10

      @@robotboy719 That's partly true. Darwin, as a member of the upper class, had a certain amount of credibility from the start. But for the most part, the credibility was hard-won. Darwin's grandfather Erasmus was also a member of the upper class, wrote on many issues, and even had an idea that species might be changeable. But none of his musings got any traction, primarily because in addition to being upper class, he was thought to be a bit of a flake. So even then, there was more to credibility than class. Darwin was already a famous and respected naturalist before Wallace even entered the field, his voyage on the Beagle was already the stuff of legend, and his expertise and scholarship was well-known. The fact that Wallace was a relatively unknown quantity was not merely because of his more humble origins, but simply because he had less experience and less of a track record than Darwin did, a fact which he readily acknowledged. It's true that Wallace's reputation rose greatly because Darwin was his mentor, and its true that Wallace's version of the theory would have gotten very little attention had it not been for Darwin. But it's also true that Darwin's work was far more developed, broader, deeper, more well referenced, and had a much larger store of data backing it up. Wallace's insight was amazing, original, and mostly correct, but it's not unfair to say that Darwin's theory was already largely complete before Wallace wrote him about it, and deserved primary credit.

  • @PaleoEdits
    @PaleoEdits 4 місяці тому +159

    Finally! My favourite earth-history channel returns!
    Edit: wonderful job, loved it. Very thoroughly presented, with some cool metaphors.

    • @SPIKESPIEGEL1969
      @SPIKESPIEGEL1969 2 місяці тому

      now with fraudsters BETTERHELP AKA WORSEHELP LOL

  • @HGGundamPlays
    @HGGundamPlays 4 місяці тому +89

    One of the theories I've heard that I like to explain the Cambrian Explosion is the ending of one of the many Snowball Earth era's, all the extra mineral material being washed into the oceans gave life a much more diverse chemical and mineral soup to evolve from.

    • @alexcontreras6103
      @alexcontreras6103 4 місяці тому +2

      interesting

    • @moneyandtimefreedom3352
      @moneyandtimefreedom3352 4 місяці тому +3

      Would this have happened as asteroids hit earth bringing new life along with new food available for life in the form of new chemistry or minerals? Making it available to these organisms and emerging life forms ?

    • @TheGuyCalledX
      @TheGuyCalledX 4 місяці тому +12

      ​@@moneyandtimefreedom3352panspermia is possible, but would likely have happened much earlier. All life discovered today shares a couple hundred genes which point to a bacteria-like single-celled ancestor -- LUCA

    • @Kevin-jb2pv
      @Kevin-jb2pv 2 місяці тому

      I see the Cambrian explosion more like when a procedurally generated game like Minecraft or Dwarf Fortress makes a new world and starts throwing pure RNG at the wall to see what sticks and then starts weeding out the mistakes.

    • @OneVoiceMore
      @OneVoiceMore 9 днів тому

      LOL

  • @AldrinAlbano
    @AldrinAlbano 4 місяці тому +104

    This episode was a 'Tour de Force" to explain our current understanding of the Cambrian Explosion [of life] on Earth. Worth every minute of my Christmas Holiday vacation. Thank you so much!!

    • @adrianalbano6058
      @adrianalbano6058 4 місяці тому +1

      dong dong dong dong 🎉🎉🎉🎉
      happy holidays🤗
      ayaw kol😂

    • @gerardjones7881
      @gerardjones7881 3 місяці тому

      A good therapist doesn't give advice or try to run anyone's life.
      Anyone who does that is playing god.

    • @christianhoffman7407
      @christianhoffman7407 2 місяці тому +1

      @@gerardjones7881 What are you talking about? Are you ok?

    • @user-qu5nw1ss2w
      @user-qu5nw1ss2w 2 місяці тому

      ​@christianhoffman7407 i think they meant to reply to a completely different comment about the sponsor 😂

  • @erictaylor5462
    @erictaylor5462 4 місяці тому +17

    One thing to keep in mind, a "moment" in the geologic timescale could be 10's of millions of years.

  • @MrBucidart
    @MrBucidart 4 місяці тому +23

    Thank you, Leila Battison and the crew for the video. By far the best series on the tube.

  • @oobrocks
    @oobrocks 4 місяці тому +13

    Incredible doc, including “we don’t know and maybe we never will “.

  • @30DegreesBank
    @30DegreesBank 4 місяці тому +7

    It os great that even though there are two additional channels already, you still continue to tell the History of the Earth. I was so waiting for another episode! Amazing one!

  • @AnidHarker
    @AnidHarker 4 місяці тому +8

    Throwing confetti at the news that this will finally be up in just a bit longer after waiting for so long for it. Thank you, team!

  • @Malconeous
    @Malconeous 4 місяці тому +62

    I would say the diversification and phylogenetic placement of the Ediacaran biota is a greater mystery, but I'm still grateful for this video

    • @bmolitor615
      @bmolitor615 4 місяці тому +15

      As soon as I heard about the Ediacaran, my main thought was along the lines of "Whoooa, look, The Original Slime Layer figured out how to coordinate and communicate between cells such that now we've got attractive non-random tissue-like growth patterns! Kids, the world is your oyster, what are you going to do with TISSUES?" And indeed, the Cambrians [etc.] went nuts with this great idea…

    • @Ashitaka-gx2od
      @Ashitaka-gx2od 4 місяці тому +16

      The two mysterious are really closely related, so much so they almost can't be discussed separately. Most of the Ediacaran biota can't be related later Cambrian biota, so either most Ediacaran forms died out with no descendants, and complex animal life appeared twice, or there is a lot of missing fossils that bridge the gap between Cambrian and Ediacaran forms. Likely there is a mixture of the two at play. This is not to mention that a lot of cambrian forms are hard to place in the animal family tree as well.

    • @Malconeous
      @Malconeous 4 місяці тому +8

      @@Ashitaka-gx2od they're not exactly related they occured at different times under vastly different conditions. The only relation is that in some unknown way, the Ediacaran influenced the setting of the stage for the Cambrian. Geologically and Biologically they are extremely alien to eachother.

    • @theoldman5896
      @theoldman5896 4 місяці тому

      @Malconeous Given that they both "dovetailed" off of the nearly billion-year-long Proterozoic era of single-celled organisms is worth noting at least. It's weird. Especially since multicellularity took so long to "evolve" normally, for it to just happen twice in geologically quick succession is suspicious (unless they're related, or, as you put it, one created the conditions needed for the other)
      One "could" argue that humans created the conditions for AI to spontaniously "evolve," so say in millions of years from now, it would be nessesary to study "ancient humans" AND "AI" together to fully grasp the situation, even though, technically, AI didn't evolve "from" us directly. We'd still be related subjects.

    • @dosadnizub
      @dosadnizub 4 місяці тому +4

      There was a whole episode dedicated to ediacran, it was really nice

  • @powerforu94
    @powerforu94 4 місяці тому +10

    I've been waiting for this ever since I found this channel more than an year ago!!
    Great early Christmas gift from you guys!

  • @aaronwimmers8904
    @aaronwimmers8904 4 місяці тому +15

    Your videos never fail to fascinate and educate. Thank you for these.

  • @j.campbell4497
    @j.campbell4497 4 місяці тому +66

    Just amazing how you consistently turn out the highest quality content on UA-cam. Thank You!

    • @simonmasters3295
      @simonmasters3295 3 місяці тому +1

      Not the highest, just some nice pictures and a soft voice. Listen to what is being said and it is not 100% top notch, nor fast paced, authoritive or gritty enough to eliminate the "maybe it happened this way, we don't really know" voice. We know. We know earth was a snowball just before and then eukaryotic life "exploded"... plus hard exoskeletons remember? Perhaps the key is in the evidence that survives. Has exoskeleton chemistry received enough attention?

    • @gaminawulfsdottir3253
      @gaminawulfsdottir3253 3 місяці тому

      @@simonmasters3295 I would add that the nice pictures cannot be trusted. at 12:29 they misrepresent an African antelope (and a background that is obviously African, not North American) as an American pronghorn antelope.

    • @zachlaabs5257
      @zachlaabs5257 2 місяці тому

      ​@@simonmasters3295yeah but I mean dudes churning out multiple free documentaries a month that are high quality and very interesting. He really is one of the best channels right now!

    • @kittypencils4463
      @kittypencils4463 Місяць тому

      @@simonmasters3295Then what is the highest?

  • @waveney42
    @waveney42 4 місяці тому +1

    What a fabulous series. I came across it yesterday morning, I've watched them all in 2 days. Information dense, real information, really good.

  • @Wandering_Chemist
    @Wandering_Chemist 4 місяці тому +42

    I was the one who kept bothering yall for a new episode of History of the Earth for what 6 months now? And gentlemen, you made the wait worth it more than you could ever know! I fucking love this series. Thank you 🙏 and hope you enjoy your holidays cheers 🍻

    • @characterblub2.0
      @characterblub2.0 4 місяці тому +3

      I honestly wondered if they dropped it with all the other channels going on 😂

    • @Wandering_Chemist
      @Wandering_Chemist 4 місяці тому +2

      @@characterblub2.0 trust me dude…so did I lol that’s why every community post I would just post asking about this channel lol 😂

    • @maidatenpulamea
      @maidatenpulamea 4 місяці тому +2

      1:33 hours of video and 95% of it is trash. Either it's the same information available anywhere on youtube (but in a much more concise form) or the narrator just goes on and on with endless questions. In conclusion, a pointless video, neither showing the history and the plethora of theories about the cambrian explosion nor anything new about it.

  • @sp_ce.
    @sp_ce. 4 місяці тому +3

    Just yesterday I looked at your channel checking if you’d uploaded. Thank you for the early Christmas present!

  • @jakemoeller7850
    @jakemoeller7850 4 місяці тому +5

    This is such a fascinating time in Earth's history. I am looking forward to the video!

  • @brendandunne4401
    @brendandunne4401 4 місяці тому

    Thank you! That was well worth waiting for. Well done Leila! Superb text!

  • @RealAICCl
    @RealAICCl 4 місяці тому +14

    Nobody by BetterHelp better help is a scam

  • @RootsMj
    @RootsMj 4 місяці тому +27

    You made geology very, very interesting. You, good sir, have a super power and I'm happy to be able to experience it. Thank you!

    • @Mikelaxo
      @Mikelaxo 4 місяці тому

      Geology had always been very very interesting, what are your talking about?

  • @erikm8372
    @erikm8372 4 місяці тому +31

    12:30 -FYI, this antelope is a type of African hartebeest (not sure the exact species or subspecies). They’re members of the genus _Alcelaphus_ in family Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats); American pronghorn belong to the family Antilocapridae, of which they are the only surviving members. Their nearest relatives are giraffes and okapi. 😊 hehe

    • @scottydu81
      @scottydu81 4 місяці тому +3

      Do they like ear scritches and belly rubs?

    • @kellyharrison5184
      @kellyharrison5184 4 місяці тому +4

      I noticed that, too. A minor mistake, but worth mentioning.

  • @limbicsys7
    @limbicsys7 4 місяці тому +1

    Thank you for the great content. These videos are incredibly well done.

  • @OPFOR109
    @OPFOR109 4 місяці тому +1

    Amazing, as always. I have half my work hooked on the channels.

  • @popman48
    @popman48 4 місяці тому +11

    Leila, Pete, and David, this series is, in my opinion, the best series on UA-cam. From research/writing, to editing, to presentation, it is absolutely top notch. I watch a lot of content on UA-cam and some of it is well done, but none as good, in total, as what you do. Just Wow! Thank you for the hours and hours of work that go into each episode. I learn so much from each one. I wish everyone had the luxury of time to experience these gems.

  • @solitudessilentgroove
    @solitudessilentgroove 4 місяці тому +88

    Constructive criticism on audio edits - I often fall asleep listening to UA-cam. When the narrator has a nice voice it helps me sleep. This narrator is perfect, but the music edits that go up in volume in-between his words is very distracting and even wakes me from sleep. I suggest just leaving the music volume steady and not making it go up and down with the talking. Thanks for awesome content.

    • @keirawillow
      @keirawillow 4 місяці тому +12

      I noticed this too, I wonder if its a new editor because the weird subheadings at the bottom left of the screen are new too.

    • @voidisyinyangvoidisyinyang885
      @voidisyinyangvoidisyinyang885 4 місяці тому +3

      try 2xing the vid - the music become more interesting and the voice less boring.

    • @MalcolmSnelgrove
      @MalcolmSnelgrove 4 місяці тому +9

      The music seems more noticeable and wildy disjointed in this video compared to previous ones. I also listen often when falling asleep (no ads with subscription) and end up listen to each video many times.

    • @amandine512
      @amandine512 2 місяці тому

      If you want good videos to fall asleep to, check out Classic Ghost Stories Podcast.

    • @TwinkleTwinkleTruly
      @TwinkleTwinkleTruly 2 місяці тому +2

      Yeah, and it can be somewhat distracting too. I use the videos when I play games, and I really enjoy when there’s just low background music that doesn’t change in volume. That way there’s no need to fiddle with it and they just need to focus on the audio quality of said music and the voice. So far there hasn’t been any issues with the narration, but I know of some channels where an otherwise wonderful video gets ruined because the voice is fuzzy, there’s a faint echo or they don’t keep the mic in front of them properly, so their voice changes whenever they move their head. It’s such a shame, cuz it is so distracting when that happens! Although, I suppose there’s less risk of that happening here, since the narrator isn’t on screen and can fully focus on talking instead of looking at the camera.

  • @lucianazolotoi3238
    @lucianazolotoi3238 4 місяці тому +1

    Been waiting for a new one for long, so happyyy!!❤️

  • @journeythroughearthshistor5600
    @journeythroughearthshistor5600 4 місяці тому +15

    "It's the Cambrian Explosion!"
    - Bill Wurtz

    • @laleluna8053
      @laleluna8053 2 місяці тому

      "Wow, that's animals n stuff"

    • @MichaelmaxxxxX
      @MichaelmaxxxxX 2 місяці тому

      now that 6 second jingle is gonna be in my head all day, along with the lasor thing.

  • @Headtalk
    @Headtalk 4 місяці тому +11

    It makes so happy to see someone else also compare literally everything to how matter seems to go through cycles of building micro-structures which then become pieces in more complex structures which then become the small pieces in even more complex stuff.

    • @tyranmcgrath6871
      @tyranmcgrath6871 4 місяці тому

      Which includes us, the human, right? We're all part of something

    • @tommym8trix
      @tommym8trix 4 місяці тому

      It's why there is almost certainly life on other planets

    • @lemonstealinghorsdoeuvre
      @lemonstealinghorsdoeuvre 3 місяці тому

      Not literally everything. There is a theory nobody seems to have come up with, one that I think is obvious, but I have yet to publish. I end up watching most docs like this, all published papers, and attempt to hear as many lectures as I can find, just to make sure I don't get beaten to the punch.

  • @RBYU001
    @RBYU001 4 місяці тому +4

    Dude makes great videos! I’d like to see some more from History Time, but these are great too!

  • @annastebelskyj580
    @annastebelskyj580 3 місяці тому

    Wowee, your most thorough deep dive yet! I've always loved your writing style, and this installment is top notch work from a top notch writer.

  • @dustinheese
    @dustinheese 3 місяці тому

    Great channel. I started putting the videos on in the background but I really enjoy your visualizations of the material. Very nice narration and I don't recall hearing anything I disagreed with..in fact I know I've heard some things that I haven't heard from anything other than papers and lectures.

  • @neongreenon
    @neongreenon 4 місяці тому +7

    I love your channel, but I wish the sound was more smooth~ like the music in between thoughts/sentences is always so much louder than the narration.

  • @swagtachiuchiha1501
    @swagtachiuchiha1501 4 місяці тому +5

    Can't wait to watch this throughout my day tomorrow

  • @VOMITQUEEN
    @VOMITQUEEN 4 місяці тому +2

    I’VE BEEN WAITING SO LONG FOR THIS

  • @igorzkoppt
    @igorzkoppt 4 місяці тому +2

    Love your work, I usually watch each of your video several times over, to refresh what I learned the last time.

  • @eokic
    @eokic 4 місяці тому +42

    I love these videos but can you please reduce the music volume throughout? And the jumps in volume when the narration stops are quite annoying

    • @brainsthecatandhisfellowfe9710
      @brainsthecatandhisfellowfe9710 2 місяці тому

      Turn your volume down somewhat

    • @SPIKESPIEGEL1969
      @SPIKESPIEGEL1969 2 місяці тому

      agreed

    • @jasondashney
      @jasondashney Місяць тому +1

      I unsubscribed because of that.

    • @arielpotts3354
      @arielpotts3354 Місяць тому +1

      ​@@brainsthecatandhisfellowfe9710that doesn't work when only one of the audio elements of the video is loud at random times. It's not consistent and it's not the ENTIRE video that's too loud, it's just the music that, for some reason, is loud as hell when he isn't talking.

  • @Hellbender8574
    @Hellbender8574 4 місяці тому +9

    I love the Paleozoic. I can't wait for the next episode! Thanks for creating these.

    • @wolfpackastrobiology3690
      @wolfpackastrobiology3690 4 місяці тому +1

      Hopefully it'll be about the Ordovician Radiation.

    • @Hellbender8574
      @Hellbender8574 4 місяці тому +1

      ​@@wolfpackastrobiology3690yeah, me too. I love the Ordovician period because my son found an Ordovician fossil bed near our house and I always want to learn more about the ecosystem from back then. And see them colorfully swimming and wiggling around, rendered in CGI.

  • @atomdent
    @atomdent 4 місяці тому +1

    Time well spent,thank you!

  • @vee1267
    @vee1267 4 місяці тому +2

    What a wonderful Christmas gift! 😄 it’s been a while since the last video but it’s excellent as always!

  • @purplehaze2358
    @purplehaze2358 4 місяці тому +83

    So basically, this could be summarized as;
    "What caused the Cambrian explosion?"
    "Yes."

    • @homuraakemi493
      @homuraakemi493 4 місяці тому +3

      Perhaps.

    • @sizanogreen9900
      @sizanogreen9900 4 місяці тому +5

      I'd personally guess that it really was a combination of all of the above as well as maybe some other factors. Maybe that moment was us overcoming a Great Filter and such extraordinary convergences were needed for that jump.

    • @pauleohl
      @pauleohl 4 місяці тому

      Think radiation and not in the biological sense. Intense volcanism brings up radioactive elements that alter the DNA of existing organisms. Most are fatal, hence cancer, but some are beneficial and you have a modified organism.

    • @theoldman5896
      @theoldman5896 4 місяці тому +1

      @@sizanogreen9900 We're probably the only forms of life in this entire super-cluster of galaxies that miraculously overcame such a ridiculous hurdle of improbably and coincidence. Probably why we're all alone.

    • @bendyloco
      @bendyloco 3 місяці тому +1

      And AI too, somehow even gets a mention lol

  • @shanathered5910
    @shanathered5910 4 місяці тому +17

    also, can we applaud that he hyped up the phrase "cambrian explosion" so well that he didn't even need to say it until 8 minutes in?

  • @Cancoillotteman
    @Cancoillotteman 4 місяці тому

    Yeesss !! We've been waiting for this channel to publish ! I am trully elated ! :D

  • @atanacioluna292
    @atanacioluna292 3 місяці тому +1

    Loved your build up and the depth of perspective .

  • @Landrew0
    @Landrew0 4 місяці тому +7

    Something is wrong with the sound on this one;
    It sounds muffled, bassy and lower volume.

  • @vusimdudu9033
    @vusimdudu9033 4 місяці тому +3

    A most excellent and illuminating video, thanks. I hope you are going to produce more of the same. ❤❤❤❤❤

  • @ricardo-larosa
    @ricardo-larosa 4 місяці тому +2

    I’ve been waiting for this for a long time 🎉

  • @kenwarner
    @kenwarner 2 місяці тому +1

    Can't help but feel such a deep gratitude to the minds who figured all this out, and also to the creators of this video for their detailed presentation, made available on UA-cam for free. What a time to be alive!

  • @ahabkapitany
    @ahabkapitany 4 місяці тому +9

    the Cambrian Explosion of the most fascinating topics in paleontology

    • @ahabkapitany
      @ahabkapitany 3 місяці тому

      ​@@jamesmills2087 I said paleontology

    • @MichaelmaxxxxX
      @MichaelmaxxxxX 2 місяці тому

      of course, "it's the cambrian explosion." Bill Wurtz

  • @garrethopwood8178
    @garrethopwood8178 4 місяці тому +6

    I've been excited for a video on the Cambrian Explosion to come out here, and it did not disappoint! The analogy to AI is an impressively relevant and elucidating one. Thank you for creating these!

  • @Jason_AstroNovice
    @Jason_AstroNovice 4 місяці тому

    Amazing as always! Thank you!

  • @Inignot12
    @Inignot12 4 місяці тому

    Getting hyped for the new game, hope you can stream it when it comes out! Great video as always!

  • @HappyFunNorm
    @HappyFunNorm 4 місяці тому +55

    I'm still not convinced there WAS a Cambrian explosion. I tend to think there are just more fossils because harder body structures evolved.

    • @GuardianSoulkeeper
      @GuardianSoulkeeper 4 місяці тому +35

      Thats... what the Cambrian explosion was.

    • @Daneki
      @Daneki 4 місяці тому +24

      Hold the phone, hundred years of science - this one guy isn't convinced

    • @theoldman5896
      @theoldman5896 4 місяці тому +27

      @Daneki DON'T QUESTION MY RELIGION! (Seriously, don't be silly. Nothing is ever 100% proven in fields like this. Questioning narratives should ALWAYS be encouraged. Even if it sounds goofy at first. That's the heart and soul of scientific freedom.)

    • @SiriusSphynx
      @SiriusSphynx 4 місяці тому +16

      ​​@@theoldman5896unless you want to make something into a religious argument when religion was never mentioned. Like why even bring it up

    • @SiriusSphynx
      @SiriusSphynx 4 місяці тому +2

      ​@@Danekiread the response above you

  • @bradenhoefert2109
    @bradenhoefert2109 4 місяці тому +6

    A great video, as usual. But glyptodonts didn’t evolve into armadillos. Glyptodonts and armadillos share a common ancestor which was small. The larger glyptodonts went extinct while the smaller armadillos remain.

  • @nicoleblechfeder9075
    @nicoleblechfeder9075 3 місяці тому

    This was simply incredible. Thank you for teaching us in such a detailed, yet easily understandable way.

  • @poetasintierra
    @poetasintierra 4 місяці тому

    Amazing, information dense video. Such a wealth of knowledge wrapoed up in hour an a half. Thx!

  • @Mishn0
    @Mishn0 4 місяці тому +5

    @12:29 I think your Pronghorn antelope is really a Topi antelope from East Africa.

  • @chrischester1353
    @chrischester1353 4 місяці тому +16

    At 12:30, the animal in the film is NOT a pronghorn antelope. And this footage, as evidenced by the tree in the background, was taken in Africa.

    • @jlzombiecat
      @jlzombiecat 4 місяці тому +5

      Also evidenced by the un-pronged horns.

    • @georgegrader9038
      @georgegrader9038 4 місяці тому +1

      ha caught that too!

    • @timfredericks5018
      @timfredericks5018 3 місяці тому +2

      yeah looked like a khudu

    • @grantjones8690
      @grantjones8690 3 місяці тому +2

      at time 12;40. Not a pronghorn. kind of shadows the credibility of the whole video

  • @PhantomHouseplant2018
    @PhantomHouseplant2018 4 місяці тому +1

    Ommgg this is amazing. The cancer-like cell multiplication idea was incredibly fascinating to me!!

  • @sksk-bd7yv
    @sksk-bd7yv 2 місяці тому

    Thank you very much for all your hard work! Your vids are excellent.

  • @Dadas0560
    @Dadas0560 4 місяці тому +4

    Why is anybody searching for "the one thing"???
    Why should there be any one thing?
    It's always a lot of things working together...

  • @danielrayner7681
    @danielrayner7681 4 місяці тому +3

    Absolutely brilliant, I would give this 1000 likes if I could, top stuff this channel ❤

  • @tcapdungeon
    @tcapdungeon 4 місяці тому +1

    This was a totally unexpected and wide ranging explaination, super awesome and interesting!

  • @jimc.goodfellas226
    @jimc.goodfellas226 4 місяці тому +1

    I love these channels. Thanks for the early Christmas presents friends

  • @jackknife1796
    @jackknife1796 4 місяці тому +6

    Music is too loud

  • @lucasjames7524
    @lucasjames7524 4 місяці тому +8

    While I understand how it is impossible to appreciate the difficulty of reaching a new realization about something once that new level has been reached (i.e. "hindsight is 20/20"), it still amazes me that evolution was not developed as a theory until the 1800s. That's so recent, in the grand scheme of things. It seems like that came so late, and that it is something that would have been better suited to emerging in the Renaissance or something. Just wild how things go in the course of history.

    • @daleowens7695
      @daleowens7695 4 місяці тому +2

      Im sure some of the more receptive people through history suspected something similar. Usually takes someone with a unique intellect to formalize these sorts of things.

    • @Yankees640live
      @Yankees640live 4 місяці тому +4

      I’m sure religion is to blame for this one

    • @Aliandrin
      @Aliandrin 4 місяці тому +1

      I don't think religion is entirely to blame. People selectively bred animals since much earlier so they knew exactly what was going on because they had their hands on every part of the process. The idea that it was how complex life started, or that the pigeons you meticulously breed for prettier feathered feet were once dinosaurs, is where the massive leap comes in.

    • @dianahill5116
      @dianahill5116 4 місяці тому

      ​@@Yankees640live
      Religion is a derivative of narricissim.

    • @dianahill5116
      @dianahill5116 4 місяці тому

      ​@@Yankees640live
      Religion is fiction.

  • @theblackprince1346
    @theblackprince1346 3 місяці тому

    On the verge of 500k subs, many congratulations guys.

  • @glynnphillips9703
    @glynnphillips9703 4 місяці тому +1

    This was a wonderful show 💯 thank you

  • @robotboy719
    @robotboy719 4 місяці тому +3

    It seems that you've incorrectly conflated Gondwana with Pannotia and Pangaea [1:00:08]. The super-continent Pannotia formed when Proto-Laurasia was added to Gondwana c. 600 Ma. However, Rodinia was 'short-lived' and came to an end 550 Ma when Laurasia drifted away: "The break-up of Pannotia was accompanied by sea level rise, dramatic changes in climate and ocean water chemistry, and rapid metazoan diversification." That is to say, the fragmentation of Rodinia provided at least some of the diversification you attribute to the Trans-Gondwanan Super Mountain. Gondwana never did make up a 'single, immense supercontinent' as it lacked both Euramerica and Siberia. Euamerica and Siberia did join Gondwana around 335 mya in a supercontinent known as Pangaea (which then began breaking up around 180 mya).

  • @rssharkey40
    @rssharkey40 4 місяці тому +3

    The pacing of this episode seems off compared to previous installments somehow, and way less tightly edited. Still both informative and pretty though.

  • @petergreen5337
    @petergreen5337 4 місяці тому

    ❤Thank you very for this beautiful lesson and effort

  • @Booty_Crocker
    @Booty_Crocker 4 місяці тому +1

    It’s an early Christmas gift!! Thank you for this video 😊

  • @erichtomanek4739
    @erichtomanek4739 4 місяці тому +4

    12:29
    That is not an image of a Pronghorn Antelope.
    It's a Topi from Africa, or at least a species of Hartebeest.
    tsk tsk tsk.

  • @Steven-mv4bb
    @Steven-mv4bb 4 місяці тому +4

    I use these vids for sleep and would honestly love them with no distracting background music. Keep up the good work!

  • @ArtingFromScratch
    @ArtingFromScratch 4 місяці тому

    Omg yesssssss so excited for the new video... just in time

  • @dalek7804
    @dalek7804 4 місяці тому

    👏👏👏 well done, the best presentation I have seen on the beginnings of life on Earth

  • @psirotta
    @psirotta 4 місяці тому +11

    Andrew Parker's "In The Blink of an Eye", in my opinion, answers this question definitively: Atmospheric changes>increased illumination in the oceans>evolution of eyes and vision> increased effectiveness of predation>explosion of defensive forms as an arms race. He observes that the CE was an explosion of forms, but not of phylology, i.e. did not result in new phyla, all of which already existed but in simple, similar, vulnerable forms, lacking defensive morphology. The appearance of the eye was the trigger. It's a good read!

    • @voidisyinyangvoidisyinyang885
      @voidisyinyangvoidisyinyang885 25 днів тому

      thanks! Yes Andrew Parker's work needs to be known - it's all based on quantum diffraction gradients to evolve eyes.

  • @NerveBag
    @NerveBag 4 місяці тому +4

    Enjoyed the video. But why does the background music change every ten freakin' seconds? Very jarring and distracting.

  • @yee9543
    @yee9543 4 місяці тому +1

    masterpiece, your snowball earth video was what made me subscribe

  • @invadertron100
    @invadertron100 4 місяці тому

    That was great, you wrapped it up so well.

  • @aaronkeyes9747
    @aaronkeyes9747 4 місяці тому +4

    You don’t need to put a graphic up every time someone is mentioned. It’s annoying.

  • @wafikiri_
    @wafikiri_ 4 місяці тому +15

    The key to the Cambrian explosion might be mobility. Mobility allows to quickly find new niches, new opportunities to survive and evolve.

  • @fossilien
    @fossilien 2 місяці тому

    Thank you for the informative video about the Cambrian explosion.

  • @PlumBerryDelicious
    @PlumBerryDelicious 4 місяці тому +2

    Fantastic video! Thanks for your hard work!! 💜💙💚💛🧡❤💜

  • @Matty002
    @Matty002 4 місяці тому +4

    that ai segue was.... weird

  • @rkozakand
    @rkozakand 4 місяці тому +11

    At 12:47, you mention pronghorn, but the video shown is of an African antelope, likely a hartbeast.

  • @BDB78
    @BDB78 4 місяці тому

    Sooooo happy to see a new video from you. I can’t wait to go to bed!

  • @bjrn-oskarrnning2740
    @bjrn-oskarrnning2740 4 місяці тому

    Yet another banger, you folks never disappoint! Thank you for the education *and* the entertainment! 😁
    PS: channel memberships/Patreon when? I'd love to support you with more than just a view and a like!

  • @purplehaze2358
    @purplehaze2358 4 місяці тому +7

    The discussion of AI in this video felt very out-of-place, and made the whole thing feel somewhat unfocused.

    • @Obscurai
      @Obscurai 4 місяці тому +1

      The lead up and the linkage of AI was not as clear, but the intent was to show how small incremental changes (as in Darwinism) can lead to surprising emergent properties.

    • @MASJYT
      @MASJYT 2 місяці тому

      I don't think LLMs (large language models) are as big of a leap as they want to make you believe.

  • @PunmasterSTP
    @PunmasterSTP Місяць тому

    This was awesome to have on in the background for ambience!

  • @williansouza8724
    @williansouza8724 4 місяці тому

    YES FINALLY i have waited for a new video for MONTHS

  • @paulgush
    @paulgush 4 місяці тому +5

    Maybe removing CO2 and carbonic acid from the ocean was as significant as the rise in O2 concentration in the ocean, because it made it easier for calcium carbonate exoskeletons to form?

  • @bellywood7688
    @bellywood7688 4 місяці тому +4

    Ive been waiting since the Carboniferous for this

  • @adriaank75
    @adriaank75 4 місяці тому

    Thank you for this high quality university class about the history of life.

  • @coreycourchene7379
    @coreycourchene7379 4 місяці тому +2

    Can't wait to watch this 10 times in the next month :D