The family pictures of the Lawson's is eerie, the teen daughter looks especially miserable. Poor kids☹️ and northcott makes my stomach turn just looking at him🤢 and his mother is even worse!
I happen to be related to Charlie Lawson. It was something my great grandmother never wanted to talk about, but she could remember it clearly. The incest story was treated as the truth by the family.
I watched a paranormal investigation program about this case and they recon charles lawson came through and he said he was possessed at the time of the murders and it wasn't actually him that done it
Hakeem, Hi throughout history even in the time of Christ their has been psycho's, sickos, killers, robbers etc. We just hear about it more with TV and the computer age is all.
I usually stay away from true crime, but you did such a great, concise job I listened to the complete miniseries in one sitting. Thanks also for staying away from the really gruesome images. Your curating of the details and imagery were, in my estimation, spot on.
Dude I remember watching the movie changeling, that was about the chicken coops murders. That case, is truly disturbing and I can't really watch that movie anymore.
Honestly the movie was about the mother and her son. It barley even showed what he did. I want to see another but more graphic deatail from the killers perspective.
James Cain's "Double Indemnity" drew direct inspiration from the Ruth Snyder case. James Cagney in the movie "Picture Snatcher" the writers drew direct inspiration from the Ruth Snyders case, basically, it was about the reporter getting that picture.
There’s an excellent book on audible about it,this doesn’t touch how disgusting it was. The book is Called Road Out Of Hell it’s written by Stanford’s son
No, he didn’t - this case has been covered in a number of true crime podcasts and he was definitely not at the house when the murders took place (plus other evidence). It also shattered his life.
Sorry responding to Ms. Bliss. I agree with you OP about that photo - the beautiful oldest daughter looks terrified, deeply sad, and angry - I think there is definitely a strong possibility that the rumors of sexual abuse were true. The oldest brother also looks sad and as though he is anticipating doom.
If you do a Part 4, you should feature Carl Panzram -- arguably one of the worst serial killers of the 20th century (specifically the 20s), but for some reason he's not widely known.
Oh my, those first two just about made me throw up! Two of the most horrific murderers I’ve heard about. I couldn’t read the documents of the cannibalism of that sicko. No way. I remember the Bath Massacre and reference it when my friends think today is more evil and that we are at the end of the world because of it. The Bath Massacre proves people have always been evil. All these prove that. There just wasn’t the media exposure like there is nowadays. You do a really good job of relaying these stories. Thank you for the warnings too, as I wouldn’t want to read that cannibal’s documents.
Gordon Northcott's mother didn't live with him and Sanford Clark, but she was definitely involved in at least one murder. An excellent book on the case is "The Road Out Of Hell," by Anthony Flacco.
And we need to go back to a justice system like that of the 1920's. Take a life; give your life. Death sentences where the prisoner doesn't sit on death row for decades and then sometimes ultimately never having the sentence carried out. Bet if we go back to that system, we'd see A LOT less crime going on.
Man, this was awesome! I've seen reports on a couple of these cases before, but you had different information! Great job! Please keep all things '20's coming! LOVE THIS CHANNEL! ❤😎
I am into true crimes of the past and you did a great job with this. PLEASE KEEP DOING THEM ! Never heard of the Lawson murders fascinating. Horrific man Charles Lawson was and that family picture of them is haunting indeed. NOBODY is smiling, You can see the family pain in it. I have heard of some others here like Ruth Syder and Gordon stewart Northcott. "The road out of hell" by Anthony Flacco is a great book about killer Gordon Stewart Northcott" A must for true crime fans is to buy "Bloodletters and badmen" a book about murderers from the 1800's to the present. Plus for those who do not know the thumbnail for "The 1920's channel" is the Hollywood Flapper actress Coleen Moore (1899-1988) I love the 1920's period just had to mention this ! :)
Debora please don't go down to the cellar.. slowly and carefully leave the house before it's too late.. it's coming for you.. You aren't crazy.. there are some things that cannot be explained ..so for the love of God get out...
Like one guy said in the last videos "criminals are made not born" and that's a very interesting take. Some criminals are indeed born with certain things that make them more prone to a psychotic/ criminal life, but not all of them.
Why did people look so sad and even ANGRY in photos back then?? (OK - Stupid question in this case, but still...I don't think I've ever seen a black & white photograph in which the people didn't look just totally disgusted.)
I read somewhere that the photographers in those days always advised their subjects to look serious and not to smile. I don’t know why but they generally all look pretty miserable.
@@A2D4 No, the photographers didn't say it, society said it, back in those days you had to be serious when taking a picture, they considered it to be a serious event.
It’s a little amusing how many “trials of the century” there were in the twentieth century. “Trial of the year” might be more accurate. In the Ruth Snyder case, my guess is that the trial wasn’t even very suspenseful, because both defendants were so obviously guilty.
A baby sitter for us kids had a father who killed her brother and he was looking for her while she was at our house baby sitting. This was in the 1950s .
Another excellent video! The oldest Lawson daughter is beautiful and looks extremely sad at the same time. The idea of horrific abuse is just terrible. Also, the excellent true crime podcast L. A. Not so Confidential, hosted by two experts in psychology, just did an excellent episode on the Northcott/Walter Collins case.
Aleister Crowley, Hi I agree with you 100%. You can surely see the anger and sadness in the oldest daughter's Marie face in this photo. Even before the narrator said it you almost knew for sure Father Lawson was sexually abusing his Beautiful daughter, Marie. Probably abusing Marie since a small child. Horrific ! Very sad what happenned to the family there. :(
There were some very infamous murderers in Germany during the 20ies. Maybe you want to dig info about those out? Carl Großmann, Friedrich Schumann, Peter Kürten, Karl Denke, Fritz Haarmann just to name some.
Lawson killed the wife perhaps b4 she was agreived by the knowledge of her daughter's death , In the twisted rationale of a psychopathic killer that he deems himself to be a "merciful" murderer or something like that Like he is tidying. Up Maybe he rationalizes that it's 4 the best be to put them to "sleep" or something of the sort I certainly don't advocate for the killer but I find myself thinking overtime trying to wrap my mind round the evil other worldly actions so cold and clinical. Indifference 2wards such horror. Thanks for the interesting content Such is a rare commodity on utube these days I must say that the production is quite professional. Brisk paced yet comprehensive content also I found it in good taste not to glorify the note. As the visceral nature of such is unbearable heartache especially when it is somebody who is directly affected by these types of things. Additionally the fact that it is difficult content to watch is irrelevant the light that is shed by your efforts in producing is of a crucial import to understand about these anomalous behaviors in humanity we only stand to gain from comprehending. Trauma and it's effects epicentrically we know that this happens so it doesn't hurt to look at difficult content so we can formulate a plan of action. That said I think your work is of a quality that maybe you could create on. A grander scale Good work My
That was very disturbing, Harold! Probably the least entertaining or interesting of all that you do or have or are-to. Give to us the joyous, crazy and wild of the Jazz Age -- The Era of Wonderful Nonsense -- The Twenties That ROARED!! -- and so-on. Not the dark, lugubrious and filthy of soul and spirit. We'll be keeping tabs on developments, Harold!
Your Videos are very well presented even though this and the other videos of these AWFUL murders are quite alarming, they are truly worth watching for historical content! The ones that get me the most are the family murders, I was in Russelville arkansas when R Gene Simmons winter on a rampage and killed his whole family on the day before Christmas, My boss called Me back to work and then hid us in a back room, just down the road he went into a office where he worked and killed the secretary, and another man who was in the building, he then went into the Gas station where I bought gas and a soda a minute before and shot a clerk and I believe a fireman! It was a day I will never forget! A book was written about it titled "Zero To The Bone" strangely during his trial he has a long white beard everybody said he looked like Santa!
What happened to the oldest Lawson boy - the one who left to go to town before his Dad killed the rest of the family? The Dad probably waited until he was gone because his son was bigger than he was and could possibly have overpowered him.
I remember cames out with a actress played a mother's, single parent, haves, a son younger, 9 yrs ol the producers, Clinton east wood, read about a terrified situational, a murdered, angling jog.shes was married too actor's, names Brad Pitts, he's been films with a nothers actors Harrison, Ford, both was n..a films, then longs times ago
@@catherinelw9365 so hang the jury,the clerks,the judges and the executioners because as soon as they’ve condemned a man/woman to death they’ve committed murder. Tell me the difference. Line two corpses side by side and I couldn’t tell you which had been killed by the judiciary and who had been killed by a single individual
@@catherinelw9365 have you ever been punished for something you didn’t do? Well many people have been judicially murdered for something they didn’t do. 99.99% were P.O.C 🤬
The family pictures of the Lawson's is eerie, the teen daughter looks especially miserable. Poor kids☹️ and northcott makes my stomach turn just looking at him🤢 and his mother is even worse!
The eldest daughter looks more like 19 than 17; the eldest son looks 18, not 16.
Yea,an that grin on his face🔥sickened me😡😠....the girls face says everything...I FEEL SHE DID THAT ON PURPOSE 🥺
@@internetcensure5849 ppl looked older back then...hard living, you see their house(farmers maybe)😪😔
Your research, photos and all put together in your videos....you have a gift to these...thank you.
The movie The Changling is about the Walter Collins story. Excellent movie.
*Changeling*
Wendy, Hi yes. Plus a great book by Anthony Flacco called "The road out of hell" is About Gordon Stewart Northcott.
that movie is so good. i've never been huge on angelina jolie but she blew me away, absolutely incredible.
The police really screwed the pooch on that one. Disturbingly so.
wish they found out what happened to the boy
Please make more videos like this. You do such a great job of piecing together the stories and your narration is very well done!
Discovered your channel last week & thoroughly enjoying the content. 🥰 10 points for not using a computer animated voice. 🏆
Absolutely 💯
I happen to be related to Charlie Lawson. It was something my great grandmother never wanted to talk about, but she could remember it clearly. The incest story was treated as the truth by the family.
I watched a paranormal investigation program about this case and they recon charles lawson came through and he said he was possessed at the time of the murders and it wasn't actually him that done it
It's 100 years after the fact. Is there any mental illness history in your family? Do they think b/c of his head injury that the incest may be true?
@@cazzawazza9553wow that's helpful, you probably believe in the Tooth Fairy too...
these murderers look demonic, but several grinningly so, different than most recent murderers pics i've seen.
They are all DEMONIC even today 2024. It's because this is a SINFUL and FALLEN WORLD. PLEASE reach out to JESUS HE is returning soon to judge.
Stumbled across this channel and now I'm obsessed thanks for your content!
I really like these kind of videos most because it shows that even in the 1920's there were some really sick bastards
Yup -- fashions and technology may change, but people themselves don't.
People have always been sick bastards.
Human nature never really changes much.
Well there's been sick killers you just hear more of it because of social media
Hakeem, Hi throughout history even in the time of Christ their has been psycho's, sickos, killers, robbers etc. We just hear about it more with TV and the computer age is all.
I usually stay away from true crime, but you did such a great, concise job I listened to the complete miniseries in one sitting. Thanks also for staying away from the really gruesome images. Your curating of the details and imagery were, in my estimation, spot on.
Dude I remember watching the movie changeling, that was about the chicken coops murders. That case, is truly disturbing and I can't really watch that movie anymore.
Honestly the movie was about the mother and her son. It barley even showed what he did. I want to see another but more graphic deatail from the killers perspective.
James Cain's "Double Indemnity" drew direct inspiration from the Ruth Snyder case. James Cagney in the movie "Picture Snatcher" the writers drew direct inspiration from the Ruth Snyders case, basically, it was about the reporter getting that picture.
We would love a part 4!!
The last segment of that demonic murderer is horrifying! It's astounding that some people can be so utterly nasty. Poor kids!
There’s an excellent book on audible about it,this doesn’t touch how disgusting it was. The book is Called Road Out Of Hell it’s written by Stanford’s son
@Ms Bliss not true! The mother served nearly 12 years in prison. I’ve know idea what you’ve been reading but it’s wrong!
I wish we knew what became of the oldest son from the first story.
Arthur Lawson married and had a family. In 1945 he died in an auto accident at the age of 31.
All of their eyes look strange... ( 1st case) Sad... The father let the son go, probably bc he could take him.....
No, he didn’t - this case has been covered in a number of true crime podcasts and he was definitely not at the house when the murders took place (plus other evidence). It also shattered his life.
Sorry responding to Ms. Bliss. I agree with you OP about that photo - the beautiful oldest daughter looks terrified, deeply sad, and angry - I think there is definitely a strong possibility that the rumors of sexual abuse were true. The oldest brother also looks sad and as though he is anticipating doom.
@@4Mr.Crowley2All the children look frightened and not right... 😞😞
@Ms Bliss No he didn't do it!!
Northcott has a smile like Manson. Gives me the heebie-jeebies.
This was a great mini-series, and I would love to see a part 4 someday!Every story was so unsettling.
Have a very happy Halloween!
Northcott even looked crazy.
I wonder why in the first case the father let his son go.
Great Mini Series
If you do a Part 4, you should feature Carl Panzram -- arguably one of the worst serial killers of the 20th century (specifically the 20s), but for some reason he's not widely known.
How about Albert Fish? Has he been covered already?
@@carowells1607 yes he has
I thought the same!
IMO, Gordon Stuart Northcutt looked absolutely creepy.
There is SO much more to that first Lawson case. 😬
I believe you, but it's hard to imagine speaking for myself. That was horrendous just what was shown.
Just found your channel today. Love it! Will be watching all your previous videos for sure!
"This case had everything thrill seeking people wanted to read about." Lol. I would love to hear Stephan from SNL read from this point on. Lolol
What a cool channel this is! Happy to be a new subscriber, good content well told, good voice.
Oh my, those first two just about made me throw up! Two of the most horrific murderers I’ve heard about.
I couldn’t read the documents of the cannibalism of that sicko. No way.
I remember the Bath Massacre and reference it when my friends think today is more evil and that we are at the end of the world because of it.
The Bath Massacre proves people have always been evil. All these prove that.
There just wasn’t the media exposure like there is nowadays.
You do a really good job of relaying these stories.
Thank you for the warnings too, as I wouldn’t want to read that cannibal’s documents.
Gordon Northcott's mother didn't live with him and Sanford Clark, but she was definitely involved in at least one murder. An excellent book on the case is "The Road Out Of Hell," by Anthony Flacco.
And we need to go back to a justice system like that of the 1920's. Take a life; give your life. Death sentences where the prisoner doesn't sit on death row for decades and then sometimes ultimately never having the sentence carried out. Bet if we go back to that system, we'd see A LOT less crime going on.
Seems like plenty of this went on at the time.
And yet, people crimes in the 20s all the time.
Man, this was awesome! I've seen reports on a couple of these cases before, but you had different information! Great job! Please keep all things '20's coming! LOVE THIS CHANNEL! ❤😎
Excellent work. Thank you.
Why am I so addicted to your channel??
How a father could rose his daughter is beyond my ability to imagine insanity.
Back in the 1950's my mother read crime magazines ,they had a family murder that was famous allways talking about it .I wonder what it was ..
I loved those magazines, can't find them anymore.
The movie"The Changing" starring Angelina Jolie (😒), was about the Walter Collins case. So sad.
changeling
Very good information and a great voice. Watched all three!
Could you please discuss the infamous butterfly murders?
The movie?
*i can't believe I'm watching this before going to work.*
Do you work at a high-security prison or something?
I am into true crimes of the past and you did a great job with this. PLEASE KEEP DOING THEM ! Never heard of the Lawson murders fascinating. Horrific man Charles Lawson was and that family picture of them is haunting indeed. NOBODY is smiling, You can see the family pain in it.
I have heard of some others here like Ruth Syder and Gordon stewart Northcott.
"The road out of hell" by Anthony Flacco is a great book about killer Gordon Stewart Northcott" A must for true crime fans is to buy "Bloodletters and badmen" a book about murderers from the 1800's to the present.
Plus for those who do not know the thumbnail for "The 1920's channel" is the Hollywood Flapper actress Coleen Moore (1899-1988) I love the 1920's period just had to mention this ! :)
In many family photos, you see people not smiling, so it's not a clue. In stupid advertisments, people wear an artificial smile.
newspaper shown at 13:08 is dated February 8, 1929; i'm watching this video February 8, 2021. ¿coincidence? oh, probably.
Debora please don't go down to the cellar..
slowly and carefully leave the house before it's too late.. it's coming for you.. You aren't crazy.. there are some things that cannot be explained ..so for the love of God get out...
I can’t imagine how Arthur had to cope with that at 16.... horrific and on Christmas too what a selfish s.o.b.
Bet Northcott wasn't smirking when the hangman tighten the noose around his neck 😏
How'd that one journalist sneak in an ankle camera? Weren't they a little bit big to not be noticed?
The Northcott House stands to this day. 6332 Wineville Ave Jurupa Valley CA.
@Ms Bliss there's food there ?
Does anybody live there in that house?
Bob Dylan song for”The Ballad of Hollis Brown “,is about a man who murders his family.
Was the song based on this terrible event?
Looked so old then.
Lawson family: The eldest daughter looks more like 19-20 than 17; the eldest son looks 18-19, not 16.
So cool Channel thanks ✨
That first story reminds me of John List, who killed his entire family late in 1971, in Northern New Jersey. The lowlife wasn't discovered until 1989.
I used to live in the newer section of Mira Loma....not far from this ranch....it's still there...
Family annihilators are the hardest to understand. In their minds, they believe the family is better off dead. That poor baby!
EVIL MONSTERS WALK AMONG US.....DRESSED AS HUMANS..😥
Like one guy said in the last videos "criminals are made not born" and that's a very interesting take. Some criminals are indeed born with certain things that make them more prone to a psychotic/ criminal life, but not all of them.
the pictures of both lawson and particularly northcutt are eerie and disngusting....those were some sick bastards
....
Another one I enjoyed. Thanks for your efforts.
Why did people look so sad and even ANGRY in photos back then??
(OK - Stupid question in this case, but still...I don't think I've ever seen a black & white photograph in which the people didn't look just totally disgusted.)
I read somewhere that the photographers in those days always advised their subjects to look serious and not to smile. I don’t know why but they generally all look pretty miserable.
Yet in the photo You Tube uses to notify of Part 1 of this series the man shown has a big happy grin!
@@brianmccarthy5557 A demonic grin.
@@A2D4
No, the photographers didn't say it, society said it, back in those days you had to be serious when taking a picture, they considered it to be a serious event.
@Diversity-Approved UA-cam Handle
No kid, the developing took forever, taking the picture was instantaneous.
I'll neverrr understand how men can rape their own daughter or son. How DEPRAVED one must be!!! 🤮 My great grandfather molested my mom. Ugh.:(
Quite common in the USA, particularly in step-parents families.
It’s a little amusing how many “trials of the century” there were in the twentieth century. “Trial of the year” might be more accurate. In the Ruth Snyder case, my guess is that the trial wasn’t even very suspenseful, because both defendants were so obviously guilty.
Have you ever heard of the psychological term family Annihilator?
Interesting video!
A baby sitter for us kids had a father who killed her brother and he was looking for her while she was at our house baby sitting. This was in the 1950s .
Creepy Very Creepy
I've heard from old timers that if your family was starving that it was considered a mercy rather than starving to death. Just a theory.
Serial killers are so fascinating. Nothing worse than a serial killer
Another excellent video! The oldest Lawson daughter is beautiful and looks extremely sad at the same time. The idea of horrific abuse is just terrible. Also, the excellent true crime podcast L. A. Not so Confidential, hosted by two experts in psychology, just did an excellent episode on the Northcott/Walter Collins case.
Aleister Crowley, Hi I agree with you 100%. You can surely see the anger and sadness in the oldest daughter's Marie face in this photo. Even before the narrator said it you almost knew for sure Father Lawson was sexually abusing his Beautiful daughter, Marie. Probably abusing Marie since a small child. Horrific ! Very sad what happenned to the family there. :(
She looks 19-20, older than her age.
LOVE THIS KIND OF STUFF!!
There were some very infamous murderers in Germany during the 20ies. Maybe you want to dig info about those out? Carl Großmann, Friedrich Schumann, Peter Kürten, Karl Denke, Fritz Haarmann just to name some.
Since an election is happening in the U.S. right now perhaps you could do a video talking about the U.S. presidential election of 1920, 1924 or 1928?
Can you please tell me what the music is?
"Nuages Gris" composed by Franz Liszt
@@The1920sChannel Thank you, much appreciated. It's quite a piece.
For the first one, it does sound like he could have been suffering from a brain injury.
Swift justice is a good thing. People who sit on death row now for 20, 30 years is ridiculous.
For next part Carl Panzam?
Do the mysterious Ax murders of new Orleans
Wow...
for the first case, are we sure the survivor didn't commit the murders?
Those were a hard 32 years, Ruth Snyder & Judd was no Fred MacMurray, either
Never mind - someone answered this in the comments. That poor guy didn't have a long life either.
Lawson killed the wife perhaps b4 she was agreived by the knowledge of her daughter's death ,
In the twisted rationale of a psychopathic killer that he deems himself to be a "merciful" murderer or something like that
Like he is tidying. Up
Maybe he rationalizes that it's 4 the best be to put them to "sleep" or something of the sort
I certainly don't advocate for the killer but I find myself thinking overtime trying to wrap my mind round the evil other worldly actions so cold and clinical. Indifference 2wards such horror. Thanks for the interesting content
Such is a rare commodity on utube these days
I must say that the production is quite professional. Brisk paced yet comprehensive content also I found it in good taste not to glorify the note. As the visceral nature of such is unbearable heartache especially when it is somebody who is directly affected by these types of things. Additionally the fact that it is difficult content to watch is irrelevant the light that is shed by your efforts in producing is of a crucial import to understand about these anomalous behaviors in humanity we only stand to gain from comprehending. Trauma and it's effects epicentrically we know that this happens so it doesn't hurt to look at difficult content so we can formulate a plan of action.
That said I think your work is of a quality that maybe you could create on. A grander scale
Good work
My
That was very disturbing, Harold!
Probably the least entertaining or interesting of all that you do or have or are-to.
Give to us the joyous, crazy and wild of the Jazz Age -- The Era of Wonderful Nonsense -- The Twenties That ROARED!! -- and so-on.
Not the dark, lugubrious and filthy of soul and spirit.
We'll be keeping tabs on developments, Harold!
I'm having an anxiety attack!
you should do more of these
When the part 4?
Your Videos are very well presented even though this and the other videos of these AWFUL murders are quite alarming, they are truly worth watching for historical content! The ones that get me the most are the family murders, I was in Russelville arkansas when R Gene Simmons winter on a rampage and killed his whole family on the day before Christmas, My boss called Me back to work and then hid us in a back room, just down the road he went into a office where he worked and killed the secretary, and another man who was in the building, he then went into the Gas station where I bought gas and a soda a minute before and shot a clerk and I believe a fireman! It was a day I will never forget! A book was written about it titled "Zero To The Bone" strangely during his trial he has a long white beard everybody said he looked like Santa!
The Murder Of Joseph Bowne Elwell in 1920.
Poverty is depressing..
Interesting video
What happened to the oldest Lawson boy - the one who left to go to town before his Dad killed the rest of the family? The Dad probably waited until he was gone because his son was bigger than he was and could possibly have overpowered him.
He married, had children but was sadly killed in a car crash at 31 apparently.
Does Carl Panzram count?
Paroled?
What happened to the 16 year old son? The father sent him to town, so apparently he survived. Why him?
He died in an auto accident 15 years later
192os true crime is interesting for sure. O m g!
I remember cames out with a actress played a mother's, single parent, haves, a son younger, 9 yrs ol the producers, Clinton east wood, read about a terrified situational, a murdered, angling jog.shes was married too actor's, names Brad Pitts, he's been films with a nothers actors Harrison, Ford, both was n..a films, then longs times ago
The daughter was the reason.nothing was wrong with that monster.
Too many kids!!!
With bootlegging, lots of crime
Bob Dylan Hollis Brown
They say don't judge a book bye its cover ,but my god look at him he is one scary looking man
Proof the death penalty isn’t a deterrent
It’s not meant to be. It’s called PUNISHMENT. 🤦🏻♀️
@@catherinelw9365 so hang the jury,the clerks,the judges and the executioners because as soon as they’ve condemned a man/woman to death they’ve committed murder. Tell me the difference. Line two corpses side by side and I couldn’t tell you which had been killed by the judiciary and who had been killed by a single individual
@@catherinelw9365 have you ever been punished for something you didn’t do? Well many people have been judicially murdered for something they didn’t do. 99.99% were P.O.C 🤬
@@CashelOConnolly Moral imbecility. You possess neither rationality or discernment. I hope you never serve in a jury. Scary.
@@catherinelw9365 you talk about morals yet you’d murder someone😂🙄 I live in a civilised country that doesn’t put people to death.
Daughter looks pregnant to me.
4:25 uhhh hello.... Butt chins?!
it's called a dimple.. considered attractive
@@orbitunderground4475 attractive like having a butt on your chin
These people must be wired Wrong"