A well-rounded, competently researched, and pleasingly narrated video. My understanding of the importance of Peace of Westphalia through this video: In layman's terms, the idea of international relations can be depicted as the study of relations across boundaries of nation-states. When we delve into the study of IR, the state is still the most indispensable element of analysis. The most meaningful idea of inferring the nation-states in the study of IR comes from the Westphalian System. Peace of Westphalia was a series of treaties in 1648, which brought to an end the Eighty Years’ War between Spain and the Dutch as well as the German phase of the Thirty Years’ War. The peace was negotiated in the Westphalian towns of Münster and Osnabrück. Significance of Peace of Westphalia: • An international effort to diplomatically solve conflicts with participation from all sides. • A single dominant nation did not singlehandedly decree the policy. • Also brought in some elements missing in the pre-Westphalia order, namely, the sovereignty of the states. • War was no longer seen as a means to end the conflict. • No state was allowed to be destroyed and compensation was awarded for the loss of strategically advantageous positions. • Focus shifted from kingdoms, confederations, empires and towards the sovereign states. • Power in Europe became decentralized. • Diplomacy rose as an alternative to war. Westphalian system: A global system based on the principle of international law that each state has sovereignty over its territory and domestic affairs, to the exclusion of all external powers, on the principle of non-interference in another country’s domestic affairs, and that each state (no matter how large or small) is equal in international law.
Thanks a lot, ma'am for this wonderful lecture 🍂✨ International relation is this study of relationships across boundaries of nation-states. In 1919 international relations was offered as an undergraduate major by Aberystwyth University in Wales. Treaty of Westphalia 1648, Gives us the fundamental pillar for a better understanding of international relations. ■ Peace of Westphalia: ~ series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648 in the Westphalian cities Osnabruck and Munster. ~ It ended the 30-year war and the 80 years war. Here, The negotiation is called as Congress of Westphalia, Which began in 1642 and lasted for four years. ■ In Pre- Westphalian Era : ~ Europe was divided mostly into empires, kingdoms, and confederation’s, Whereas the idea of a nation-state, was missing. ■ Significance: •It signified international effort to solve a conflict using diplomatic methods •And all sides participated •Whereas there was no dominant nation simply dictating policy. After the treaty, no state was allowed to be destroyed and compensation was to be awarded to those states which gave up the strategically advantaged positions. ◇ Pre-Westphalia- Provinces were under the rule of the Holy Roman Emperor. ◇ Westphalia - Idea all states sovereignty Was given. ■ Westphalian System:- A global system based on the principle of international law : 1: Each state has sovereignty over its territory and domestic affairs. To the exclusion of all external powers 2: Principle of non-interference in another country's domestic affairs 3: Each state (no matter how large or is small), is equal in international law ■ Westphalian Model Implies:- • Principle of legal equality and autonomy. • Non-intervention in the affairs of other states. Hence, Sovereignty is the defining hallmark of distinction between the Westphalian order and the Westphalian global system.
Interesting and helpful lecture mam.. it taught about :: ▪︎international relations. ▪︎why to study IR? -- I.e. ~challenge of today and future ~ global world ~ gives comprehensive skill for understanding. ▪︎ History of IR : what it was seen as in past and in what context it is looked now. ▪︎ divergent perspectives. ▪︎what was peace of westphalia ▪︎issues in Pre - Westphalia. ▪︎it's significance ▪︎about Westphalian system and pre Westphalian system. ▪︎Article 2.7 of un charte: non- intervention in domestic affairs of states. ▪︎about what is state and the international law. Thus it was a helpful lecture.. thank you mam
Peace of Westphalia was a series of treaties signed in 1648 . These treaties ended the 30 years holy Roman Empire and the 80 year war between Spain and the Dutch Republic . Treaty of Westphalia gives us the fundamental pillars for a better understanding of International Relations . In 1919 IR was offered as an undergraduate major by Aberystwyth University in Wales . Before the Westphalian treaty the world was divided mostly into city states , particularly in the east Mediterranean region . There were several empires such as Persian , Roman , Arab , Chinese etc . Sovereignty did not existed during that period . The peace of Westphalia acknowledged the sovereignty of the states and the fundamental right of political self determination . The principle of legal equality between states were included .
Topic :- Importance of peace of Westphalia in study of international relations. First of all a big thankyou to you ma'am for this very informative and wonderful lecture...✨ The Peace of Westphalia was a series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648. It pave a way for new order in International Relations The congress of westphalia signifies an international effort to solve a conflict using diplomatic methods and no dominant state simply dictating policy Concept of sovereignty emerged, which is one of the most important aspect of International Relations Relations between the states are conducted through formal diplomatic ties between head of states and governments and international law consist of treaties made by those sovereign entities. The Westphalian system implied a separation of the domestic and international spheres. Hence, clearly we can say that the treaty of Westphalia is a key step that have shaped the international relations. Thankyou!
Thanks a lot ma'am for this wonderful lecture. Why study international relations? • Challenge of today and future: related to each other. • Global world • IR gives us comprehensive skills to understand. In 1919 when it was offered as an undergraduate major by Aberystwyth University in wales. History of IR • Earlier : seen as subdiscipline of political science. • Contemporary times : international economics, international law, world history have a bearing on IR. Treaty of Westphalia 1648 gives us the fundamental pillar of our understanding of Nation state in the study of international relations. Peace of Westphalia • series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648 in the westphalian cities of Osnabruck amd Munster. • ended the thirty years war and eighty years war. The negotiation is often called as 'congress of Westphalia' begin in 1642 and lasted 4 years till 1648. Pre westphalia:- • Europe was divided mostly into empires, kingdoms, amd confederations. • Idea of the nation state missing. Significance • International effort to solve a conflict using diplomatic methods. • All sides participated. • No dominant nation simply dictating policy. * Pre westphalia- the provinces were under the rule of holy roman emperor. * Westphalia- idea of state sovereignty. Wesphalian system: A global system based on the principle of international law:- 1. Each state has sovereignty over its territory and Domestic affairs to the exclusion of all external powers. 2. Principle of non- interference in another country's domestic affairs. 3. Each state (no matter how large or small) is equal in international law. Westphalian model implies:- 1. Principle of legal equality and autonomy. 2. Non intervention in affair of other states.
Thank you so much ma'am for such a nice, informative, and interesting video. The Treaty of Westphalia is regarded as a key step in the development of tolerance and secularization across the world. It strengthened nations since they could now enter into foreign alliances and decide important matters, such as peace and war.
The lecture was really helpful and informative.......Thank you mam. My understanding of Pre Westphalia and Westphalia is that...... Peace of Westphalia:- *Series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648 in the Westphalia cities of Osnabrück and Münster. *Ended the Thirty Year's War and the Eighty Year's War. Pre Westphalia:- *Europe was divided mostly into empires, kingdoms, and confederations. *Idea of the nation-state missing. Significance:- *International effort to solve a conflict using diplomatic methods. *All sides participated. *No dominant nation simply dictating policy. *Pre Westphalia:- Provinces were under the rule of the Holy Roman Emperor. *Westphalia:- Idea of state sovereignty. Pre Westphalia and Westphalian System:- *System of states or international society comprising sovereign state entities possessing the monopoly of force within their mutually recognized territories. *Relations between states are conducted through formal diplomatic ties between heads of state and governments, and international law consists of treaties made (and broken) by those sovereign entities. *Implied a separation of the domestic and international spheres, *States may not intervene in the domestic affairs of another, *It differentiates the 'modern' state system from earlier models. Thank You:)
TOPIC : IMPORTANCE OF PEACE OF WESTPHALIA IN STUDY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONSHIP.. 🛑IMPORTANCE of IR:. *challenges of today and the future. * Global word. * IR give us comprehensive skill to understand. 🔶In 1919 , when it was offered as an undergraduate major by Aberystwyth university in wales. 🔶Independent academic disciplines. 🔶Multidisciplinary discipline. 🔴Westphalia system. 1) Easch state has sovereignty. 2) principles of non interference in another country 3) Each state is equal in international law. 𝚂𝚃𝙰𝚃𝙴 𝙰𝙽𝙳 🔴𝙸𝙽𝚃𝙴𝚁𝙽𝙰𝚃𝙸𝙾𝙽𝙰𝙻 𝙻𝙰𝚆 🛑A defined territory 🛑A permanent population 🛑A government; 🛑A capacity to enter into relations wifh other state. (THANK YOU Ma'am FOE THIS WONDERFUL LECTURE)
It's a very informative lecture and in just one watch I have understood it well in detail. Thankyou ma'am for making the topic so interesting and easy to understand. This lecture talks about pre westphalia and the treaty of westphalia. The westphalia refers to the series of peace treaties signed between may and October 1948 in the westphalian cities of osnabruck and munster. Pre- westphalia: Europe was divided mostly into empires , kingdom and confederation. The idea of the nation state was missing. In the pre westphalia provinces were under the rule of the holy Roman emperor and In westphalia the idea of state sovereignty is there. Westphalian system is a global system based on the principle of international law. ● each state has sovereignty over its Territory and its domestic affairs to the exclusive of all international powers. ● principle of non interference in another's country's domestic affairs. ●each state( no matter how large or small)is equal in international law. Westphalian model implies : principles of legal equality and autonomy and non intervention in the affairs of other state. Pre westphalia and westphalian system:- ● system of states or internet society comprising sovereign state entitled possessing the monopoly of force within their mutually recognized territories. ● relations between states are conducted through formal diplomatic ties between heads of state and governments and international law consists of treaties made ( and broken) by those sovereign entities. ● implied the separation of the domestic and international spheres. ● state may not intervene in the domestic affairs of another. ● it differentiates the modern state system from earlier models. So it is essential to have this comparative contrast with respect to the pre westphalian and the westphalian in global system in order to have better understanding of the study of international relations. Megha chatterjee 20/0015
A very informative video. Thank you Ma'am for providing this. The Peace of Westphalia, signed in 1648, terminated the Thirty and Eighty Years Wars and created the framework for contemporary international relations. The ideas of state sovereignty, mediation between nations, and diplomacy all notice their origins within the text of this accord written over three hundred and fifty years ago. This peace, that was truly created up of two totally different peace conferences, was the primary attempt at modern international diplomacy and formally coagulated the beginnings of non secular toleration from a political perspective. It absolutely was one of the first attempts at codifying a global set of laws and basically provided the premise for international communities just like the european union and the united nations and even laid the groundwork for an early american nation. The Westphalian system still remains the model for international politics around the world and the idea of state sovereignty, coagulated by the peace, remains the basis for modern international treaties and conventions.
Thanku ma'am for this informative lecture. It help me to understand IR Why study IR * challenge of today and the future : related to each other * global world * it gives us comprehensive skills to understand. History of IR * Earlier seen as Subdiscipline of political science * contemporary time :- international economics, international law world history have a bearing on IR * multidisciplinary discipline * divergent perspective * independent academic discipline.
As always, quite an informative lecture. It talks about the pre Westphalian era and the treaty of westphalia During the Pre Westphalian era, Europe was divided into empires, kingdoms and confederation. The idea of nation state or state sovereignty was also missing. The Treaty of Westphalia refers to the series of peace treaties signed between May & October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabruck and Munster. It ended the 30 years and the 80 years war, created a new order in Europe and set standard for future diplomacy and negotiation. The significance of this treaty was that it was an international effort to solve a conflict using diplomatic methods. All sides participated and no dominant nation simply dictated its policy. Most importantly, the T.o.W helped to solve conflict and also rectified some of thr defects of the Pre Westphalian order namely- Sovereignty. Westphalian system was also a global system based on the principle of International Law :- 1) each state has sovereignty over its territory & domestic affairs to thr exclusion of all external powers. 2) principle of non -interference in another country's domestic affairs, 3) each state ( no matter how large or small) is equal in International Law Hence Westphalian model implies principle of legal equality and autonomy and non interference in the affairs of other states.
Subject: Importance of Peace of Westphalia in the study of International Relations. ● What is International Relations? In simplistic terms, International Relations implies the study of relations across boundaries of nation states. ● The need to study International Relations: Foreign Policy, Developmental Studies, Ecology, Sustainability, International Business, International Law and Legal Order, Diplomacy and International Security among others, are largely and significantly intertwined with IR. ● Impacts of the Treaty of Westphalia: Evolution of the study of IR • The Treaty of Westphalia was the first treaty that acknowledged there would be multiple states, instead of just one. And that each of those states had as many rights as the others. Prior to the treaty, a ruler would attempt to conquer everyone and assert their divine right to rule as king. But, after endless wars depleted virtually every population on the continent, it became clear that no single ruler could win, and the effort would eventually kill everyone. So, instead of killing everyone with a winner-take-all approach, the treaty allowed each group to form sovereign states, agree to borders. Kings had to let go of their divine right to rule the continent and abide by the new detente. • Westphalia abolished the remnants of political hierarchy in Europe and established the fundamental rules that would regulate relationships in a system of legally equal, sovereign states. • Other legacies of Westphalia included the foundation of international law, which is based on the idea that sovereigns can be obligated only through their consent. We take this principle for granted today, but it had been debated and fought over by the centralizing monarchies and the papacy for more than 300 years. • Equally important was the institutionalization of territory as the foundation for the state. Prior to the seventeenth century, there were only "realms," territorial units that were poorly defined, often contested, and seldom administered effectively. Thanks to improvements in cartography and the growth of central bureaucracies, sovereigns by the seventeenth century began to identify their territories and to construct official borders separating their realms from others.
Thankyou ma'am for this wonderful lecture.. this lecture is very informative and easy to understand . Ques: importance of peace of Westphalia in study of international relations. Ans: The Peace of Westphalia, signed in 1648, ended the Thirty and Eighty Years Wars and created the framework for modem international relations. The concepts of state sovereignty, mediation between nations, and diplomacy all find their origins in the text of this treaty written more than three hundred and fifty years ago. The Peace of Westphalia recognized the full territorial sovereignty of the member states of the empire. They were empowered to contract treaties with one another and with foreign powers, provided that the emperor and the empire suffered no prejudice. The Treaty of Westphalia is regarded as a key step in the development of tolerance and secularization across the world. It also strengthened nations since they could now enter into foreign alliances and decide important matters, such as peace and war. So, we can say that peace of Westphalia plays an important role in study of international relations. Yashvi singh 534
Thank u mam for the wonderful lecture . The treaty of westphalia was signed between may and october 1648. It helps in ending 30 yrs war (1618-1648)in roman empjre and 80 yrs war (1568 -1648) between spain and dutch . After the peace of westphalia , spain recognised independence of dutch replublic. IMPORTANCE OF TREATY OF WESTPHALIA: Although peace did not restore throughout Europe but it paved the way for the national self-determination . It sets the precendent of peace formulated by diplomatic congress. Treaty provided the foundation of modern state system. It articulated the concept of territorial sovereignty. The norm was set that stopped one in interfering in other's internal affair. Inter-state aggression was to be held in check by a balance of power.
It's a informative and interesting video. As said in the video, Peace of Westphalia plays a very important role in the study of international relations. Peace of Westphalia is like a fundamental pillar for our understanding with reference to nation-states. Peace of Westphalia was also the basis of international laws the the concept of sovereignty was introduced.
Thanks a lot mam for this wonderful lecture ✨ √ Importance of peace of Westphalia in study of IR: International relations: accounting to "layman's" the idea of IR and the study of relations across boundaries of nation states. ∆ peace of Westphalia: • peace of Westphalia was a series of peace treaties signed between may and October in 1648 in osnabruck and Munster. • These treaties brought an end of Thirty years war (1618-1648) in the holy Roman Empire, and the Eighty years war (1568-1648) between Spain and the Dutch republic. #The pre- Westphalia: • There were several empires such as Persian, Roman, Arab, Chinese, mogul, aztez,mayan etc. • Relations between political units were controlled within the empire by the emperor or Central authority. • sovereignty didn't exist during this period. # significance International efforts to solve a conflict using diplomatic methods. All sides participated No dominant nature simply ditacting policy. Westphalia : idea's of state and the sovereignty. √ Westphalian system a global based on the principal of international law: 1. Each state has sovereignty over it's territory and domestic affairs to the exclusion of external Power's. 2.each state no matter how large or small is equal in international law. Westphalian model implies_ Purpose of legal equality and autonomy. Non- intervention in the affairs of other state. State of international law: • A defined territory • A permanent population • A government • A capacity to enter international relations of other state. √ pre Westphalia and Westphalia system: • system of states international society comprising sovereign state entities possessing the monopoly of force within their mutually recognised territories. • Relations between States are conducted through formal diplomatic ties between heads of State and govt and international law consists of tries made ( or broken) by those Westphalian entities. • Implied a seperation of the domestic and international spheres. • states may not intervene in the domestic affairs of other. • It differentiate between the"model" state system from earlier model.
This video is very informative about treaty of Westphalia. The Westphalia area of north-western Germany gave its name to the treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War, one of the most destructive conflicts in the history of Europe. Westphalian system: A global system based on the principle of international law that each state has sovereignty over its territory and domestic affairs, to the exclusion of all external powers, on the principle of non-interference in another country's domestic affairs, and that each state (no matter how large or small)
As layman's understanding of the idea of International relations is study of relations across the boundaries of nation states. The treaty of Westphalia gives us one of the fundamental pillar of our understanding with reference to nation state in the study of international relations. Piece of Westphalia signifies the series of peace treaties signed between may and October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of osnabrük and münster. The negotiationof piece of Westphalia are often called as congress of Westphalia. The piece of Westphalia paved a way for new order in international relations. Issues in the Pre Westphalian era - Europe was divided into empires and kingdom. The idea of nation states and sovereignty was missing. That's why the significance of piece of Westphalia became important because it signifies an international effort to solve a conflict using diplomatic methods.
The treaty of westphalia was signed between may and October 1648. It helps in ending the 30 years war(1618-1648) in Roman empire and 80 years war(1568-1648) between Spain and Dutch. After the peace of Westphalia, Spain recognised independence of Dutch republic. pre westphalian Era: 1)Europe was divided mainly into empires , kingdoms, and confederations . 2)The idea of nation state was missing. *Significance of the treaty of Westphalia:* 1)an international effort to solve a conflict using diplomatic methods 2)no dominant nation policy dictated 3)articulated the concept of territorial sovereignty. *Westphalian system was also a global system based on the principle of international laws :* 1) each state has sovereignty over its territory and domestic affairs to the inclusion of all external powers. 2)principle of non interference in another country's domestic affairs. 3)each state is equal in international law no matter how large or small. *Westphalian model implies :-* 1) principles of legal equality and autonomy 2) non intervention in the affairs of other states. Pre westphalian and westphalian system:- 1) system of states or international society comprising sovereign state entities possessing the monopoly of force within their mutually recognized territories . 2) Relations between states are conducted through formal diplomatic ties between heads of state and governments, and international law consists of treaties made by those sovereign entities. 3) implied a separation of the domestic and international spheres ,states may not intervene in the domestic affairs of another. 4)It differentiate the modern state system from earlier models. Thank you so much ma'am for such an insightful video
Thank you Ma’am. The Peace of Westphalia, concluded in 1648 in Münster (Germany). Peace of Westphalia- *series of peace treaties signed between May and October in the Westphalian cities of osnabrück and Münster. * Ended the thirty years’ war and the eighty years war. *Pre Westphalia : Provinces were under the rule of the Holy Roman Emperor. *Westphalia:Idea of state sovereignty. Westphalian system:-A global system based on the principle of international Law. 1. Each state has sovereignty over its territory and domestic affairs to the exclusion of all external power, on the 2.principle of non interference in another country’s domestic affairs. 3.Each state(no matter how small or large) is equal on your international law. Westphalian Model implies:- 1. Principles of legal equality and autonomy. 2.non- intervention in the affairs of other countries Art. 2.7 of the UN charter Nothing contained in the present charter shal authorize the The United Nation to intervene in the matters which are essential with in the domestic jurisdiction of any state and shall require the members to submit such matters to settlement under the present charter. STATE AND INTERNATIONAL LAW:- * A defined territory *A permanent population *A government and *A capacity to enter into relations with other state. PRE WESTPHALIA AND WESTPHALIAN SYSTEM. *system of states or international society comprising sovereign state entities possessing the monopoly of force within their mutually recognised territory. *Relations between states are conducted through formal diplomatic ties between heads of state and government, and international law consist of treaties made(and broken) by those sovereign entities.
Post Westphalian order portrays the era in which International organisations are becoming increasingly independent sites of authority.There was autonomy as no external actors enjoys authority in that area.There was territorility means states controlled that particular geographic in which people are organised with fixed border . International relations help is understand our role in the world and how we can change it .Enable us to understand and analyse policy decisions .Study of international relations is very wide as it comprises : Discourse analysis, comparative analysis and historical analysis. Understanding the international system gives us a better chance of solving important global issues.
The Peace of Westphalia:- The Peace of Westphalia was a series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster. The treaties ended the Thirty Years’ War and the Eighty Years’ War. Significance of Treaty of Westphalia in International Relations :- The Treaty of Westphalia is regarded as a key step in development of tolerance and secularisation across the world. It also strengthen nations since they could now enter into foreign alliances and decide important matters such as peace and war.
Topic - Studying International Relations : Pre Westphalia & Post Why to study IR:- Challenges of today and the future related to eachother. To understand Global world International Relations gives us comprehensive skills to understand. *In 1919, when it was offered as an undergraduate major by Aberystwyth University in Wales. * Divergent Perspectives :- * Sub-fields within political science department * Independent academic discipline. Multidisciplinary discipline. History of IR : Evolution :- * Earlier : Seen as subdiscipline of political science * Contemporary times : International economics, International law, world history have a bearing on IR. It's the state which is most important unit of analysis. Peace of Westphalia :- * Series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabruck and Munster Ended the Thirty Years' War and the Eighty Years' War. The negotiation is often called as "Congress of Westphalia" begin in 1642 and lasted another 4 years in 1648. Pre Westphalia:- * Europe was divided mostly into empires, kingdoms, and confederations. Idea of the nation-state missing. Pre Westphalia: Provinces were under the rule of the Holy Roman Emperor. Westphalia : Idea of state sovereignty. Westphalian System: A global system based on the principle of international law :- 1: Each state has sovereignty over its territory and domestic affairs. to the exclusion of all external powers 2: Principle of non-interference in another country's domestic affairs 3: Each state (no matter how large or small) is equal in international law Westphalian Model Implies:- 1: Principles of legal equality and autonomy, 2: Non-intervention in the affairs of other states State & International Law :- 1.A defined territory 2.A permanent population 3.A government 4.A capacity to enter into relations with other states Pre Westphalia & Westphalian System:- System of states or international society comprising sovereign state entities possessing the monopoly of force within their mutually recognized territories. Relations between states are conducted through formal diplomatic ties between heads of state and governments, and international law consists of treaties made (and broken) by those sovereign entities. Implied a separation of the domestic and international spheres,States may not intervene in the domestic affairs of another, It differentiates the 'modern' state system from earlier models.
The idea of IR can be seen as the study of relations across boundaries of nation-states. We have seen that STATE is the most important element of analysis. Talking about the Significance of Peace treaty of Westphalia:- War can no longer end the conflict Decentralization of power was going on in Europe The alternative to war was the only diplomacy Principle of legal equality and autonomy There should be no intervention in the affair of other states.
We are used to of ur best lecture mam .Very informative as well as interesting.peace of Westphalia and international relation both of them are imp.ir helps in understanding the issues food security, resources distribution ,etc.ir is very comprehensive. There are various fields ,multi disciplinary,dimensions, theories,debates,etc in international relation
THANKS A LOT MA'AM FOR THIS LECTURE INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS that is the study of relations across boundaries of nation states Why study INTERNATIONAL Relations - Challenges of today and the future: related to each other - Global world - It gives us comprehensive skills to understand In 1919 it was offered as an under graduate major by Aberystwyth University in Wales PEACE OF WESTPHALIA - Series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Oshabruck and Munster. - Ended the 30 years war and 80 years war Here the Negotiation is called as Congress of Westphalia, which began in 1642 and lasted for 4 years PRE WESTPHALIA - Europe was divided mostly into empires, kingdoms , and confederations - Idea of the Nation State missing WESTPHALIAN SYSTEM - A global system based on the principle of International law 1. Each system has sovereignty over its territory and domestic affairs. To the exclusion of all external powers, 2. Principle of non- interferance in another country's domestic affairs 3. Each ( no matter how large or small ) is equal in International law Sovereignty is a substantive term designating Supreme legitimate authority . It is this Sovereignty that is the defining hallmark of destination of the Pre Westphalian Order and the Westphalian global system.
Pre- Westphalia the world was organised into city, states . There were several empires such as Chinese , Roman , Persian and many more . Relations between political units were controlled within the empire by the emperor. Sovereignty did not exist at that time . There were endless wars among the empires . Peace of Westphalia brought an end to these wars . Thank you ma’am for such informative video.
The year 1648 and the Treaty of Westphalia was a seminal year for IR scholars because it set forth the foundations of the international relations as we see it today. It introduced the concepts of non-interference, sovereignty and secularization that shaped the nature of state interactions up till today. Moreover, it implied the significance of centralized institutions and capitalist economic system which shaped the social, political and economic fabric of IR in the years to come. The treaty of westephalia was signed between may and October 1648. It helps in ending the 30 years war(1618-1648) in Roman empire and 80 years war(1568-1648) between Spain and Dutch. After the peace of Westphalia, Spain recognised independence of Dutch republic. Significance of the treaty of Westphalia: •Although peace did not restore throughout Europe but it paved the way for the national self-determination. •It sets the precedent of peace formulated by diplomatic congress. •Treaty provided the foundation of modern state system. •It articulated the concept of territorial sovereignty. •The norm was set that stopped one in interfering in other's internal affair. •Inter-state aggression was to be held in check by a balance of power.
Series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648 in Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Munster . It ended the ‘Thirty years war’ and ‘Eighty Years war’. Pre - Westphalia Europees divided mostly into empires , kingdoms and confederations. Idea of nation state was missing . In pre Westphalia provinces were under the rule of the holy Roman emperors In Westphalia- idea of sovereignty developed. Westphalian system : A global system based on the principle of international law . 1. Each state has sovereignty over its territory & domestic affairs to the exclusion of all external powers . 2. Principal of non - interference in another country’s domestic affairs. 3. Each state (no matter how large or small ) is equal in international law . # Pre- Westphalian and Westphalian system : 1. System if states or international society comprising sovereign state entities possessing the monopoly of force within their mutually recognised territories. 2. Relations between states are conducted through formal diplomatic ties between heads of state and governments & international law consists of treaties made or broken by those sovereign entities. 3. Implied a separation of the domestic and international spheres . 4. States may not intervene in the domestic affairs of another. 5. It differentiates the ‘modern’ state system from earlier models .
Thank you ma'am for such an informative lecture✨. International Relations : In simple words, international relations means the study of relations across boundaries of nation states. Need to study International Relations: ▪️International relations allows nations to cooperate with one another, pool resources, and share information as a way to face global issues that go beyond any particular country or region. ▪️International relations advances human culture through cultural exchanges, diplomacy and policy development. help understand our role in the world & how we can change it Evolution of the study of International Relations: The most meaningful idea of inferring the nation-states in the study of IR comes from the Westphalian System. ~The Pre-Westphalia Era: ▪️The world was mostly organized into city-states, particularly in the East Mediterranean region. ▪️There were several empires such as Persian, Roman, Arab, Chinese, Mogul, Mayan, Aztec and etc. ▪️Relations between political units were controlled within the empire by the emperor or central authority. NOTE: Sovereignty did not exist during this period. ~The Peace of Westphalia: ▪️Peace of Westphalia was a series of peace treaties signed between May and October in 1648 in Osnabrück and Münster. ▪️These treaties brought an end to the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) in the Holy Roman Empire, and the Eighty Years' War (1568-1648) between Spain and the Dutch Republic. KEY SIGNIFICANCE AND PRINCIPLES OF PEACE IN THE WESTPHALIA IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: ▪️The Peace of Westphalia acknowledged the sovereignty of states and the fundamental right of political self-determination. ▪️The principle of legal equality between states were included. ▪️The treaties prevent the one state or outside powers from intervening in the internal affairs of another state. ▪️The Treaty of Westphalia is regarded as a key step in the development of tolerance and secularism across the world. ▪️ It also strengthened nations since they could now enter into foreign alliances and decide important matters, such as peace and war. Conclusion: The Peace of Westphalia, signed in 1648, ended the Thirty and Eighty Years Wars and created the framework for modem international relations. The concepts of state Sovereignty, mediation between nations, and diplomacy all find their origins in the text of this treaty written more than three hundred and fifty years ago.
The peace of westphalia was a series of peace treaties signed between May and October in 1648 in Osnabruk and Munster. The treaties bought to an end to the Thirty years war(1618-1648) in the holy Roman empire And the eighty year's war(1568-1648) between the Spain and the Dutch empire Significance The peace of westphalia introduce a scheme of collective security in the international political system. Nevertheless the peace of westphalia introduce a collective security system to the international relations and provide the basis of league of nation in 1919
The war or series of connected wars began in 1618, when the Austrian Habsburgs tried to impose Roman Catholicism on their Protestant subjects in Bohemia.The peace conference to end the war opened in Münster and Osnabrück in December 1644. Significane The Treaty of Westphalia is regarded as a key step in the development of tolerance and secularization across the world. It also strengthened nations since they could now enter into foreign alliances and decide important matters, such as peace and war.
Greetings of the day respected ma'am. Peace Of Westphalia was a series of peace treaties signed between May and October in 1648 in Osnabruck and Munster. This treaty emerged as a significance and brought end to the 30 years of war in holy Roman Empire ( 1618-1648) and further 80 years of war between ( 1568- 1648) between Spain and the Dutch Republic. Before the Westphalia Treaty, there was no term as Sovereignty. Importance of Peace Of Westphalia in International Relations are as under - 1. The Peace of Westphalia acknowledged the Sovereignty of states and the fundamental right of Political Self Determination. 2. The Principleof legal equality was included in the States. 3. Treaties prevent the intervention of one statein the matter of other state, in their internal relations. 4. States become the main actors in the International Relations politics as opposed to multinational type of actors and smaller units in the previous era. 5. The concept of Sovereignty emerged as the most important aspect in governing, and introduced that how states would interact with one another. Thank you so very much for this wonderful topic.
The Peace of Westphalia recognized the full territorial sovereignty of the members states of the empire. The were empowered to contract treaties with one another and with foreign powers, provided that emperor and the empire suffered no prejudice. Some scholars of international relations credit the treaties with providing the foundation of the modern state system and articulating the concept of territorial sovereignty. Within these limits the member state of the empire were bound to allow at least private worship, liberty of conscience, and the right of emigration to all religious minorities and dissidents within their domains. The treaty was recognized as a fundamental law of the German Constitution and formed the basis of all subsequent treaties until the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806.
The year 1648 and the Treaty of Westphalia was a seminal year for IR scholars because it set forth the foundations of the international relations as we see it today. It introduced the concepts of non-interference, sovereignty and secularization that shaped the nature of state interactions up till today. Moreover, it implied the significance of centralized institutions and capitalist economic system which shaped the social, political and economic fabric of IR in the years to come. The treaty of westephalia was signed between may and October 1648. It helps in ending the 30 years war(1618-1648) in Roman empire and 80 years war(1568-1648) between Spain and Dutch. After the peace of Westphalia, Spain recognised independence of Dutch republic. Significance of the treaty of Westphalia: Although peace did not restore throughout Europe but it paved the way for the national self-determination. It sets the precedent of peace formulated by diplomatic congress. Treaty provided the foundation of modern state system. It articulated the concept of territorial sovereignty. The norm was set that stopped one in interfering in other's internal affair. Inter-state aggression was to be held in check by a balance of power. Thank you ma'am for providing us such a wonderful lecture. It is very interesting and knowledgeable for us.....
Sovereignty is the fundamental pillar to understand the concept and importance of statehood. State are the main actors in international law. Treaty of Pre Westphalia and Westphalia replaces war with political diplomacy and negotiations as a means to solve problems of the state. Peace of Westphalia brought and end to 30 years of war(1618-1648) in the holy Roman empire and 80 years war(1568-1648) between Spain and Dutch republic.The treaty of Westphalia acknowledged sovereignty of states and the fundamental right of political self determination. It differentiates present states from the system followed during pre Westphalia era. Peace of Westphalia introduced a system of collective security in international political system. According to Peace of Westphalia, states exerted sovereign authority within its borders by having an entitlement to supreme and exclusive political and legal authority. During Pre Westphalian era sovereignty did not exist and the relation between political units were controlled within the empire by the emperor which led to wars and loss of lives. TERRITORIALITY and EXCLUSION OF EXTERNAL ACTORS from domestic authority of other states were the 2 highlighting principles of Westphalian sovereignty. Peace of Westphalia helps us in understanding the relations of different states and provides a means for cooperation and conduct of peaceful political negotiations. SOVEREIGNTY became the most important aspect in governing how states would interact with one another.
The Peace of Westphalia ended the Thirty Years' War. It stated that all German states, including the Calvinist ones, should determine their own religion. The states that made up the Holy Roman Empire were recognized as independent states, bringing an end to the Holy Roman Empire as a political entity.
We study international relations because: #it helps us to know about the challenges which existed in past as well as can impact the future related to each other. # gives us information about the global world. #IR gives us comprehensive skills to understand. Talking about treaty of westphalia (Pre westphalian era) _The world was mostly organised into city-states, particularly in the east Mediterranean region _ There were several empires such as roman, Persian, arab, Chinese, etc _sovereignty didn't exist in that period. The Peace of Westphalia 🌑Peace of westphalia - a series of peace treaties signed between may and October in 1648 in Osnabrúck and munster. 🌑 These treaties brought an end to the THIRTY YEAR'S WAR (1618-1648) in the holy roman empire, and the EIGHTY YEAR'S WAR (1568-1648)between Spain and Dutch Republic. Significance of Peace of westphalia : 🕳️It introduced a scheme of collective security in the international political system 🕳️The scheme of collective security established by the Peace of westphalia was never put into effect. 🕳️Nevertheless, the peace of westphalia introduced a collective security system to the international relations and provided the basis of the League of Nations in 1919. 🕳️They clearly confirm that states possessed collective security powers long before the advent of the UN. Westphalian system _a global system based on the principles of international law : Westphalian was a system based on the principle of international law that each state has sovereignty over its territory and domestic affairs, to the exclusion of all external powers, on the principle of non-interference in another country's domestic affairs, and each state is equal in international law. Thank you for this useful lecture and information 💙
International relations (IR), international affairs (IA) or international studies (IS) is the scientific study of interactions between sovereign states. In a broader sense, it concerns all activities between states-such as war, diplomacy, trade, and foreign policy-and relations with and among other international actors, such as intergovernmental organisations (IGOs), international non-governmental organisations (INGOs), international legal bodies, and multinational corporations (MNCs). International Relations gives us comprehensive skills to understand. Peace of Westphalia:- *Series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648 in the Westphalia cities of Osnabrück and Münster. *Ended the Thirty Year's War and the Eighty Year's War. Although peace did not restore throughout Europe but it paved the way for the national self-determination. - It sets the precedent of peace formulated by diplomatic congress. - Treaty provided the foundation of modern state system. - It articulated the concept of territorial sovereignty. - The norm was set that stopped one in interfering in other's internal affair. - Inter-state aggression was to be held in check by a balance of power. Thanks a lot, ma'am for this wonderful lecture !!
The year 1648 and the Treaty of Westphalia was a seminal year for IR scholars because it set forth the foundations of the international relations as we see it today. It introduced the concepts of non-interference, sovereignty and secularization that shaped the nature of state interactions up till today. Moreover, it implied the significance of centralized institutions and capitalist economic system which shaped the social, political and economic fabric of IR in the years to come. The treaty of westephalia was signed between may and October 1648. It helps in ending the 30 years war(1618-1648) in Roman empire and 80 years war(1568-1648) between Spain and Dutch. After the peace of Westphalia, Spain recognised independence of Dutch republic. Significance of the treaty of Westphalia: Although peace did not restore throughout Europe but it paved the way for the national self-determination. - It sets the precedent of peace formulated by diplomatic congress. - Treaty provided the foundation of modern state system. - It articulated the concept of territorial sovereignty. - The norm was set that stopped one in interfering in other's internal affair. - Inter-state aggression was to be held in check by a balance of power.
A well-rounded, competently researched, and pleasingly narrated video.
My understanding of the importance of Peace of Westphalia through this video:
In layman's terms, the idea of international relations can be depicted as the study of relations across boundaries of nation-states.
When we delve into the study of IR, the state is still the most indispensable element of analysis.
The most meaningful idea of inferring the nation-states in the study of IR comes from the Westphalian System.
Peace of Westphalia was a series of treaties in 1648, which brought to an end the Eighty Years’ War between Spain and the Dutch as well as the German phase of the Thirty Years’ War.
The peace was negotiated in the Westphalian towns of Münster and Osnabrück.
Significance of Peace of Westphalia:
• An international effort to diplomatically solve conflicts with participation from all sides.
• A single dominant nation did not singlehandedly decree the policy.
• Also brought in some elements missing in the pre-Westphalia order, namely, the sovereignty of the states.
• War was no longer seen as a means to end the conflict.
• No state was allowed to be destroyed and compensation was awarded for the loss of strategically advantageous positions.
• Focus shifted from kingdoms, confederations, empires and towards the sovereign states.
• Power in Europe became decentralized.
• Diplomacy rose as an alternative to war.
Westphalian system:
A global system based on the principle of international law that each state has sovereignty over its territory and domestic affairs, to the exclusion of all external powers, on the principle of non-interference in another country’s domestic affairs, and that each state (no matter how large or small) is equal in international law.
Thanks a lot, ma'am for this wonderful lecture 🍂✨
International relation is this study of relationships across boundaries of nation-states.
In 1919 international relations was offered as an undergraduate major by Aberystwyth University in Wales.
Treaty of Westphalia 1648, Gives us the fundamental pillar for a better understanding of international relations.
■ Peace of Westphalia:
~ series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648 in the Westphalian cities Osnabruck and Munster.
~ It ended the 30-year war and the 80 years war.
Here, The negotiation is called as Congress of Westphalia, Which began in 1642 and lasted for four years.
■ In Pre- Westphalian Era :
~ Europe was divided mostly into empires, kingdoms, and confederation’s, Whereas the idea of a nation-state, was missing.
■ Significance:
•It signified international effort to solve a conflict using diplomatic methods
•And all sides participated
•Whereas there was no dominant nation simply dictating policy.
After the treaty, no state was allowed to be destroyed and compensation was to be awarded to those states which gave up the strategically advantaged positions.
◇ Pre-Westphalia- Provinces were under the rule of the Holy Roman Emperor.
◇ Westphalia - Idea all states sovereignty Was given.
■ Westphalian System:-
A global system based on the principle of international law :
1: Each state has sovereignty over its territory and domestic affairs. To the exclusion of all external powers
2: Principle of non-interference in another country's domestic affairs
3: Each state (no matter how large or is small), is equal in international law
■ Westphalian Model Implies:-
• Principle of legal equality and autonomy.
• Non-intervention in the affairs of other states.
Hence, Sovereignty is the defining hallmark of distinction between the Westphalian order and the Westphalian global system.
Interesting and helpful lecture mam.. it taught about ::
▪︎international relations.
▪︎why to study IR? -- I.e. ~challenge of today and future
~ global world
~ gives comprehensive skill for understanding.
▪︎ History of IR : what it was seen as in past and in what context it is looked now.
▪︎ divergent perspectives.
▪︎what was peace of westphalia
▪︎issues in Pre - Westphalia.
▪︎it's significance
▪︎about Westphalian system and pre Westphalian system.
▪︎Article 2.7 of un charte: non- intervention in domestic affairs of states.
▪︎about what is state and the international law.
Thus it was a helpful lecture.. thank you mam
Peace of Westphalia was a series of treaties signed in 1648 . These treaties ended the 30 years holy Roman Empire and the 80 year war between Spain and the Dutch Republic .
Treaty of Westphalia gives us the fundamental pillars for a better understanding of International Relations .
In 1919 IR was offered as an undergraduate major by Aberystwyth University in Wales .
Before the Westphalian treaty the world was divided mostly into city states , particularly in the east Mediterranean region . There were several empires such as Persian , Roman , Arab , Chinese etc . Sovereignty did not existed during that period .
The peace of Westphalia acknowledged the sovereignty of the states and the fundamental right of political self determination . The principle of legal equality between states were included .
Topic :- Importance of peace of Westphalia in study of international relations.
First of all a big thankyou to you ma'am for this very informative and wonderful lecture...✨
The Peace of Westphalia was a series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648.
It pave a way for new order in International Relations
The congress of westphalia signifies an international effort to solve a conflict using diplomatic methods and no dominant state simply dictating policy
Concept of sovereignty emerged, which is one of the most important aspect of International Relations
Relations between the states are conducted through formal diplomatic ties between head of states and governments and international law consist of treaties made by those sovereign entities.
The Westphalian system implied a separation of the domestic and international spheres.
Hence, clearly we can say that the treaty of Westphalia is a key step that have shaped the international relations.
Thankyou!
Thanks a lot ma'am for this wonderful lecture.
Why study international relations?
• Challenge of today and future: related to each other.
• Global world
• IR gives us comprehensive skills to understand.
In 1919 when it was offered as an undergraduate major by Aberystwyth University in wales.
History of IR
• Earlier : seen as subdiscipline of political science.
• Contemporary times : international economics, international law, world history have a bearing on IR.
Treaty of Westphalia 1648 gives us the fundamental pillar of our understanding of Nation state in the study of international relations.
Peace of Westphalia
• series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648 in the westphalian cities of Osnabruck amd Munster.
• ended the thirty years war and eighty years war.
The negotiation is often called as 'congress of Westphalia' begin in 1642 and lasted 4 years till 1648.
Pre westphalia:-
• Europe was divided mostly into empires, kingdoms, amd confederations.
• Idea of the nation state missing.
Significance
• International effort to solve a conflict using diplomatic methods.
• All sides participated.
• No dominant nation simply dictating policy.
* Pre westphalia- the provinces were under the rule of holy roman emperor.
* Westphalia- idea of state sovereignty.
Wesphalian system:
A global system based on the principle of international law:-
1. Each state has sovereignty over its territory and Domestic affairs to the exclusion of all external powers.
2. Principle of non- interference in another country's domestic affairs.
3. Each state (no matter how large or small) is equal in international law.
Westphalian model implies:-
1. Principle of legal equality and autonomy.
2. Non intervention in affair of other states.
Thank you so much ma'am for such a nice, informative, and interesting video.
The Treaty of Westphalia is regarded as a key step in the development of tolerance and secularization across the world.
It strengthened nations since they could now enter into foreign alliances and decide important matters, such as peace and war.
The lecture was really helpful and informative.......Thank you mam.
My understanding of Pre Westphalia and Westphalia is that......
Peace of Westphalia:-
*Series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648 in the Westphalia cities of Osnabrück and Münster.
*Ended the Thirty Year's War and the Eighty Year's War.
Pre Westphalia:-
*Europe was divided mostly into empires, kingdoms, and confederations.
*Idea of the nation-state missing.
Significance:-
*International effort to solve a conflict using diplomatic methods.
*All sides participated.
*No dominant nation simply dictating policy.
*Pre Westphalia:- Provinces were under the rule of the Holy Roman Emperor.
*Westphalia:- Idea of state sovereignty.
Pre Westphalia and Westphalian System:-
*System of states or international society comprising sovereign state entities possessing the monopoly of force within their mutually recognized territories.
*Relations between states are conducted through formal diplomatic ties between heads of state and governments, and international law consists of treaties made (and broken) by those sovereign entities.
*Implied a separation of the domestic and international spheres,
*States may not intervene in the domestic affairs of another,
*It differentiates the 'modern' state system from earlier models.
Thank You:)
TOPIC : IMPORTANCE OF PEACE OF WESTPHALIA IN STUDY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONSHIP..
🛑IMPORTANCE of IR:.
*challenges of today and the future.
* Global word.
* IR give us comprehensive skill to understand.
🔶In 1919 , when it was offered as an undergraduate major by Aberystwyth university in wales.
🔶Independent academic disciplines.
🔶Multidisciplinary discipline.
🔴Westphalia system.
1) Easch state has sovereignty.
2) principles of non interference in another country
3) Each state is equal in international law.
𝚂𝚃𝙰𝚃𝙴 𝙰𝙽𝙳 🔴𝙸𝙽𝚃𝙴𝚁𝙽𝙰𝚃𝙸𝙾𝙽𝙰𝙻 𝙻𝙰𝚆
🛑A defined territory
🛑A permanent population
🛑A government;
🛑A capacity to enter into relations wifh other state.
(THANK YOU Ma'am FOE THIS WONDERFUL LECTURE)
It's a very informative lecture and in just one watch I have understood it well in detail. Thankyou ma'am for making the topic so interesting and easy to understand.
This lecture talks about pre westphalia and the treaty of westphalia.
The westphalia refers to the series of peace treaties signed between may and October 1948 in the westphalian cities of osnabruck and munster.
Pre- westphalia: Europe was divided mostly into empires , kingdom and confederation. The idea of the nation state was missing. In the pre westphalia provinces were under the rule of the holy Roman emperor and In westphalia the idea of state sovereignty is there.
Westphalian system is a global system based on the principle of international law.
● each state has sovereignty over its Territory and its domestic affairs to the exclusive of all international powers.
● principle of non interference in another's country's domestic affairs.
●each state( no matter how large or small)is equal in international law.
Westphalian model implies : principles of legal equality and autonomy and non intervention in the affairs of other state.
Pre westphalia and westphalian system:-
● system of states or internet society comprising sovereign state entitled possessing the monopoly of force within their mutually recognized territories.
● relations between states are conducted through formal diplomatic ties between heads of state and governments and international law consists of treaties made ( and broken) by those sovereign entities.
● implied the separation of the domestic and international spheres.
● state may not intervene in the domestic affairs of another.
● it differentiates the modern state system from earlier models.
So it is essential to have this comparative contrast with respect to the pre westphalian and the westphalian in global system in order to have better understanding of the study of international relations.
Megha chatterjee
20/0015
A very informative video. Thank you Ma'am for providing this.
The Peace of Westphalia, signed in 1648, terminated the Thirty and Eighty Years Wars and created the framework for contemporary international relations. The ideas of state sovereignty, mediation between nations, and diplomacy all notice their origins within the text of this accord written over three hundred and fifty years ago. This peace, that was truly created up of two totally different peace conferences, was the primary attempt at modern international diplomacy and formally coagulated the beginnings of non secular toleration from a political perspective. It absolutely was one
of the first attempts at codifying a global set of laws and basically provided the premise for international communities just like the european union and the united nations and even laid the groundwork for an early american nation. The Westphalian system still remains the model for international politics around the world and the idea of state sovereignty, coagulated by the peace, remains the basis for modern international treaties and conventions.
Thanku ma'am for this informative lecture. It help me to understand IR
Why study IR
* challenge of today and the future : related to each other
* global world
* it gives us comprehensive skills to understand.
History of IR
* Earlier seen as Subdiscipline of political science
* contemporary time :- international economics, international law world history have a bearing on IR
* multidisciplinary discipline
* divergent perspective
* independent academic discipline.
As always, quite an informative lecture. It talks about the pre Westphalian era and the treaty of westphalia
During the Pre Westphalian era, Europe was divided into empires, kingdoms and confederation. The idea of nation state or state sovereignty was also missing.
The Treaty of Westphalia refers to the series of peace treaties signed between May & October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabruck and Munster.
It ended the 30 years and the 80 years war, created a new order in Europe and set standard for future diplomacy and negotiation.
The significance of this treaty was that it was an international effort to solve a conflict using diplomatic methods.
All sides participated and no dominant nation simply dictated its policy.
Most importantly, the T.o.W helped to solve conflict and also rectified some of thr defects of the Pre Westphalian order namely- Sovereignty.
Westphalian system was also a global system based on the principle of International Law :-
1) each state has sovereignty over its territory & domestic affairs to thr exclusion of all external powers.
2) principle of non -interference in another country's domestic affairs,
3) each state ( no matter how large or small) is equal in International Law
Hence Westphalian model implies principle of legal equality and autonomy and non interference in the affairs of other states.
Subject: Importance of Peace of Westphalia in the study of International Relations.
● What is International Relations?
In simplistic terms, International Relations implies the study of relations across boundaries of nation states.
● The need to study International Relations:
Foreign Policy, Developmental Studies, Ecology, Sustainability, International Business, International Law and Legal Order, Diplomacy and International Security among others, are largely and significantly intertwined with IR.
● Impacts of the Treaty of Westphalia: Evolution of the study of IR
• The Treaty of Westphalia was the first treaty that acknowledged there would be multiple states, instead of just one. And that each of those states had as many rights as the others.
Prior to the treaty, a ruler would attempt to conquer everyone and assert their divine right to rule as king. But, after endless wars depleted virtually every population on the continent, it became clear that no single ruler could win, and the effort would eventually kill everyone.
So, instead of killing everyone with a winner-take-all approach, the treaty allowed each group to form sovereign states, agree to borders. Kings had to let go of their divine right to rule the continent and abide by the new detente.
• Westphalia abolished the remnants of political hierarchy in Europe and established the fundamental rules that would regulate relationships in a system of legally equal, sovereign states.
• Other legacies of Westphalia included the foundation of international law, which is based on the idea that sovereigns can be obligated only through their consent. We take this principle for granted today, but it had been debated and fought over by the centralizing monarchies and the papacy for more than 300 years.
• Equally important was the institutionalization of territory as the foundation for the state. Prior to the seventeenth century, there were only "realms," territorial units that were poorly defined, often contested, and seldom administered effectively. Thanks to improvements in cartography and the growth of central bureaucracies, sovereigns by the seventeenth century began to identify their territories and to construct official borders separating their realms from others.
Thankyou ma'am for this wonderful lecture.. this lecture is very informative and easy to understand .
Ques: importance of peace of Westphalia in study of international relations.
Ans: The Peace of Westphalia, signed in 1648, ended the Thirty and Eighty Years Wars and
created the framework for modem international relations. The concepts of state sovereignty,
mediation between nations, and diplomacy all find their origins in the text of this treaty written
more than three hundred and fifty years ago.
The Peace of Westphalia recognized the full territorial sovereignty of the member states of the empire. They were empowered to contract treaties with one another and with foreign powers, provided that the emperor and the empire suffered no prejudice.
The Treaty of Westphalia is regarded as a key step in the development of tolerance and secularization across the world. It also strengthened nations since they could now enter into foreign alliances and decide important matters, such as peace and war.
So, we can say that peace of Westphalia plays an important role in study of international relations.
Yashvi singh
534
Thank u mam for the wonderful lecture .
The treaty of westphalia was signed between may and october 1648. It helps in ending 30 yrs war (1618-1648)in roman empjre and 80 yrs war (1568 -1648) between spain and dutch . After the peace of westphalia , spain recognised independence of dutch replublic.
IMPORTANCE OF TREATY OF WESTPHALIA:
Although peace did not restore throughout Europe but it paved the way for the national self-determination .
It sets the precendent of peace formulated by diplomatic congress.
Treaty provided the foundation of modern state system.
It articulated the concept of territorial sovereignty.
The norm was set that stopped one in interfering in other's internal affair.
Inter-state aggression was to be held in check by a balance of power.
It's a informative and interesting video. As said in the video, Peace of Westphalia plays a very important role in the study of international relations. Peace of Westphalia is like a fundamental pillar for our understanding with reference to nation-states. Peace of Westphalia was also the basis of international laws the the concept of sovereignty was introduced.
Thanks a lot mam for this wonderful lecture ✨
√ Importance of peace of Westphalia in study of IR:
International relations: accounting to "layman's" the idea of IR and the study of relations across boundaries of nation states.
∆ peace of Westphalia:
• peace of Westphalia was a series of peace treaties signed between may and October in 1648 in osnabruck and Munster.
• These treaties brought an end of Thirty years war (1618-1648) in the holy Roman Empire, and the Eighty years war (1568-1648) between Spain and the Dutch republic.
#The pre- Westphalia:
• There were several empires such as Persian, Roman, Arab, Chinese, mogul, aztez,mayan etc.
• Relations between political units were controlled within the empire by the emperor or Central authority.
• sovereignty didn't exist during this period.
# significance
International efforts to solve a conflict using diplomatic methods.
All sides participated
No dominant nature simply ditacting policy.
Westphalia : idea's of state and the sovereignty.
√ Westphalian system a global based on the principal of international law:
1. Each state has sovereignty over it's territory and domestic affairs to the exclusion of external Power's.
2.each state no matter how large or small is equal in international law.
Westphalian model implies_
Purpose of legal equality and autonomy.
Non- intervention in the affairs of other state.
State of international law:
• A defined territory
• A permanent population
• A government
• A capacity to enter international relations of other state.
√ pre Westphalia and Westphalia system:
• system of states international society comprising sovereign state entities possessing the monopoly of force within their mutually recognised territories.
• Relations between States are conducted through formal diplomatic ties between heads of State and govt and international law consists of tries made ( or broken) by those Westphalian entities.
• Implied a seperation of the domestic and international spheres.
• states may not intervene in the domestic affairs of other.
• It differentiate between the"model" state system from earlier model.
This video is very informative about treaty of Westphalia.
The Westphalia area of north-western Germany gave its name to the treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War, one of the most destructive conflicts in the history of Europe.
Westphalian system: A global system based on the principle of international law that each state has sovereignty over its territory and domestic affairs, to the exclusion of all external powers, on the principle of non-interference in another country's domestic affairs, and that each state (no matter how large or small)
As layman's understanding of the idea of International relations is study of relations across the boundaries of nation states.
The treaty of Westphalia gives us one of the fundamental pillar of our understanding with reference to nation state in the study of international relations.
Piece of Westphalia signifies the series of peace treaties signed between may and October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of osnabrük and münster. The negotiationof piece of Westphalia are often called as congress of Westphalia. The piece of Westphalia paved a way for new order in international relations.
Issues in the Pre Westphalian era - Europe was divided into empires and kingdom. The idea of nation states and sovereignty was missing. That's why the significance of piece of Westphalia became important because it signifies an international effort to solve a conflict using diplomatic methods.
The treaty of westphalia was signed between may and October 1648. It helps in ending the 30 years war(1618-1648) in Roman empire and 80 years war(1568-1648) between Spain and Dutch. After the peace of Westphalia, Spain recognised independence of Dutch republic.
pre westphalian Era:
1)Europe was divided mainly into empires , kingdoms, and confederations .
2)The idea of nation state was missing.
*Significance of the treaty of Westphalia:*
1)an international effort to solve a conflict using diplomatic methods
2)no dominant nation policy dictated
3)articulated the concept of territorial sovereignty.
*Westphalian system was also a global system based on the principle of international laws :*
1) each state has sovereignty over its territory and domestic affairs to the inclusion of all external powers.
2)principle of non interference in another country's domestic affairs.
3)each state is equal in international law no matter how large or small.
*Westphalian model implies :-*
1) principles of legal equality and autonomy
2) non intervention in the affairs of other states.
Pre westphalian
and westphalian system:-
1) system of states or international society comprising sovereign state entities possessing the monopoly of force within their mutually recognized territories .
2) Relations between states are conducted through formal diplomatic ties between heads of state and governments, and international law consists of treaties made by those sovereign entities.
3) implied a separation of the domestic and international spheres ,states may not intervene in the domestic affairs of another.
4)It differentiate the modern state system from earlier models.
Thank you so much ma'am for such an insightful video
Thank you Ma’am.
The Peace of Westphalia, concluded in 1648 in Münster (Germany).
Peace of Westphalia-
*series of peace treaties signed between May and October in the Westphalian cities of osnabrück and Münster.
* Ended the thirty years’ war and the eighty years war.
*Pre Westphalia : Provinces were under the rule of the Holy Roman Emperor.
*Westphalia:Idea of state sovereignty.
Westphalian system:-A global system based on the principle of international Law.
1. Each state has sovereignty over its territory and domestic affairs to the exclusion of all external power, on the
2.principle of non interference in another country’s domestic affairs.
3.Each state(no matter how small or large) is equal on your international law.
Westphalian Model implies:-
1. Principles of legal equality and autonomy.
2.non- intervention in the affairs of other countries
Art. 2.7 of the UN charter
Nothing contained in the present charter shal authorize the The United Nation to intervene in the matters which are essential with in the domestic jurisdiction of any state and shall require the members to submit such matters to settlement under the present charter.
STATE AND INTERNATIONAL LAW:-
* A defined territory
*A permanent population
*A government and
*A capacity to enter into relations with other state.
PRE WESTPHALIA AND WESTPHALIAN SYSTEM.
*system of states or international society comprising sovereign state entities possessing the monopoly of force within their mutually recognised territory.
*Relations between states are conducted through formal diplomatic ties between heads of state and government, and international law consist of treaties made(and broken) by those sovereign entities.
Post Westphalian order portrays the era in which International organisations are becoming increasingly independent sites of authority.There was autonomy as no external actors enjoys authority in that area.There was territorility means states controlled that particular geographic in which people are organised with fixed border .
International relations help is understand our role in the world and how we can change it .Enable us to understand and analyse policy decisions .Study of international relations is very wide as it comprises : Discourse analysis, comparative analysis and historical analysis. Understanding the international system gives us a better chance of solving important global issues.
The Peace of Westphalia:-
The Peace of Westphalia was a series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Münster. The treaties ended the Thirty Years’ War and the Eighty Years’ War.
Significance of Treaty of Westphalia in International Relations :-
The Treaty of Westphalia is regarded as a key step in development of tolerance and secularisation across the world.
It also strengthen nations since they could now enter into foreign alliances and decide important matters such as peace and war.
Topic - Studying International Relations : Pre Westphalia & Post
Why to study IR:-
Challenges of today and the future related to eachother.
To understand Global world
International Relations gives us comprehensive skills to understand.
*In 1919, when it was offered as an
undergraduate major by Aberystwyth
University in Wales.
* Divergent Perspectives :-
* Sub-fields within political science
department
* Independent academic discipline.
Multidisciplinary discipline.
History of IR : Evolution :-
* Earlier : Seen as subdiscipline of
political science
* Contemporary times : International
economics, International law,
world history have a bearing on IR.
It's the state which is most important unit of analysis.
Peace of Westphalia :-
* Series of peace treaties signed
between May and October 1648 in
the Westphalian cities of Osnabruck
and Munster
Ended the Thirty Years' War and
the Eighty Years' War.
The negotiation is often called as "Congress of Westphalia" begin in 1642 and lasted another 4 years in 1648.
Pre Westphalia:-
* Europe was divided mostly into
empires, kingdoms, and
confederations.
Idea of the nation-state missing.
Pre Westphalia: Provinces were under the rule of the Holy Roman Emperor.
Westphalia : Idea of state sovereignty.
Westphalian System: A global system based on the principle of international law :-
1: Each state has sovereignty over its territory and domestic affairs. to the exclusion of all external powers
2: Principle of non-interference in another country's domestic affairs
3: Each state (no matter how large or small) is equal in international law
Westphalian Model Implies:-
1: Principles of legal equality and autonomy,
2: Non-intervention in the affairs of other states
State & International Law :-
1.A defined territory
2.A permanent population
3.A government
4.A capacity to enter into relations with other states
Pre Westphalia & Westphalian System:-
System of states or international society comprising sovereign state entities possessing the monopoly of force within their mutually recognized territories. Relations between states are conducted through formal diplomatic ties between heads of state and governments, and international law consists of treaties made (and broken) by those sovereign entities.
Implied a separation of the domestic and international spheres,States may not intervene in the domestic affairs of another, It differentiates the 'modern' state system from earlier models.
The idea of IR can be seen as the study of relations across boundaries of nation-states. We have seen that STATE is the most important element of analysis.
Talking about the Significance of Peace treaty of Westphalia:-
War can no longer end the conflict
Decentralization of power was going on in Europe
The alternative to war was the only diplomacy
Principle of legal equality and autonomy
There should be no intervention in the affair of other states.
We are used to of ur best lecture mam .Very informative as well as interesting.peace of Westphalia and international relation both of them are imp.ir helps in understanding the issues food security, resources distribution ,etc.ir is very comprehensive. There are various fields ,multi disciplinary,dimensions, theories,debates,etc in international relation
THANKS A LOT MA'AM FOR THIS LECTURE
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS that is the study of relations across boundaries of nation states
Why study INTERNATIONAL Relations
- Challenges of today and the future: related to each other
- Global world
- It gives us comprehensive skills to understand
In 1919 it was offered as an under graduate major by Aberystwyth University in Wales
PEACE OF WESTPHALIA
- Series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648 in the Westphalian cities of Oshabruck and Munster.
- Ended the 30 years war and 80 years war
Here the Negotiation is called as Congress of Westphalia, which began in 1642 and lasted for 4 years
PRE WESTPHALIA
- Europe was divided mostly into empires, kingdoms , and confederations
- Idea of the Nation State missing
WESTPHALIAN SYSTEM
- A global system based on the principle of International law
1. Each system has sovereignty over its territory and domestic affairs. To the exclusion of all external powers,
2. Principle of non- interferance in another country's domestic affairs
3. Each ( no matter how large or small ) is equal in International law
Sovereignty is a substantive term designating Supreme legitimate authority . It is this Sovereignty that is the defining hallmark of destination of the Pre Westphalian Order and the Westphalian global system.
Pre- Westphalia the world was organised into city, states . There were several empires such as Chinese , Roman , Persian and many more . Relations between political units were controlled within the empire by the emperor. Sovereignty did not exist at that time . There were endless wars among the empires . Peace of Westphalia brought an end to these wars .
Thank you ma’am for such informative video.
The year 1648 and the Treaty of Westphalia was a seminal year for IR scholars because it set forth the foundations of the international relations as we see it today. It introduced the concepts of non-interference, sovereignty and secularization that shaped the nature of state interactions up till today. Moreover, it implied the significance of centralized institutions and capitalist economic system which shaped the social, political and economic fabric of IR in the years to come.
The treaty of westephalia was signed between may and October 1648. It helps in ending the 30 years war(1618-1648) in Roman empire and 80 years war(1568-1648) between Spain and Dutch. After the peace of Westphalia, Spain recognised independence of Dutch republic.
Significance of the treaty of Westphalia:
•Although peace did not restore throughout Europe but it paved the way for the national self-determination.
•It sets the precedent of peace formulated by diplomatic congress.
•Treaty provided the foundation of modern state system.
•It articulated the concept of territorial sovereignty.
•The norm was set that stopped one in interfering in other's internal affair.
•Inter-state aggression was to be held in check by a balance of power.
Series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648 in Westphalian cities of Osnabrück and Munster . It ended the ‘Thirty years war’ and ‘Eighty Years war’.
Pre - Westphalia Europees divided mostly into empires , kingdoms and confederations. Idea of nation state was missing .
In pre Westphalia provinces were under the rule of the holy Roman emperors
In Westphalia- idea of sovereignty developed.
Westphalian system : A global system based on the principle of international law .
1. Each state has sovereignty over its territory & domestic affairs to the exclusion of all external powers .
2. Principal of non - interference in another country’s domestic affairs.
3. Each state (no matter how large or small ) is equal in international law .
# Pre- Westphalian and Westphalian system :
1. System if states or international society comprising sovereign state entities possessing the monopoly of force within their mutually recognised territories.
2. Relations between states are conducted through formal diplomatic ties between heads of state and governments & international law consists of treaties made or broken by those sovereign entities.
3. Implied a separation of the domestic and international spheres .
4. States may not intervene in the domestic affairs of another.
5. It differentiates the ‘modern’ state system from earlier models .
Plz enable download option
Very good lecture on this topic 😊
I love this comment section , thank you peers and thank you team CEC !
Thank you ma'am for such an informative lecture✨.
International Relations :
In simple words, international relations means the study of relations across boundaries of nation states.
Need to study International Relations:
▪️International relations allows nations to cooperate with one another, pool resources, and share information as a way to face global issues that go beyond any particular country or region.
▪️International relations advances human culture through cultural exchanges, diplomacy and policy development.
help understand our role in the world & how we can change it
Evolution of the study of International Relations:
The most meaningful idea of inferring the nation-states in the study of IR comes from the Westphalian System.
~The Pre-Westphalia Era:
▪️The world was mostly organized into city-states, particularly in the East Mediterranean region.
▪️There were several empires such as Persian, Roman, Arab, Chinese, Mogul, Mayan, Aztec and etc.
▪️Relations between political units were controlled within the empire by the emperor or central authority.
NOTE:
Sovereignty did not exist during this period.
~The Peace of Westphalia:
▪️Peace of Westphalia was a series of peace treaties signed between May and October in 1648 in Osnabrück and Münster.
▪️These treaties brought an end to the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) in the Holy Roman Empire, and the Eighty Years' War (1568-1648) between Spain and the Dutch Republic.
KEY SIGNIFICANCE AND PRINCIPLES OF PEACE IN THE WESTPHALIA IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS:
▪️The Peace of Westphalia acknowledged the sovereignty of states and the fundamental right of political self-determination.
▪️The principle of legal equality between states were included.
▪️The treaties prevent the one state or outside powers from intervening in the internal affairs of another state.
▪️The Treaty of Westphalia is regarded as a key step in the development of tolerance and secularism across the world.
▪️ It also strengthened nations since they could now enter into foreign alliances and decide important matters, such as peace and war.
Conclusion:
The Peace of Westphalia, signed in 1648, ended the Thirty and Eighty Years Wars and created the framework for modem international relations. The concepts of state Sovereignty, mediation between nations, and diplomacy all find their origins in the text of this treaty written more than three hundred and fifty years ago.
Why can't the camera and audio quality be improved to modern standards. It looks like videos from early 2000s
The peace of westphalia was a series of peace treaties signed between May and October in 1648 in Osnabruk and Munster.
The treaties bought to an end to the
Thirty years war(1618-1648) in the holy Roman empire
And the eighty year's war(1568-1648) between the Spain and the Dutch empire
Significance
The peace of westphalia introduce a scheme of collective security in the international political system.
Nevertheless the peace of westphalia introduce a collective security system to the international relations and provide the basis of league of nation in 1919
The war or series of connected wars began in 1618, when the Austrian Habsburgs tried to impose Roman Catholicism on their Protestant subjects in Bohemia.The peace conference to end the war opened in Münster and Osnabrück in December 1644.
Significane
The Treaty of Westphalia is regarded as a key step in the development of tolerance and secularization across the world. It also strengthened nations since they could now enter into foreign alliances and decide important matters, such as peace and war.
Greetings of the day respected ma'am.
Peace Of Westphalia was a series of peace treaties signed between May and October in 1648 in Osnabruck and Munster. This treaty emerged as a significance and brought end to the 30 years of war in holy Roman Empire ( 1618-1648) and further 80 years of war between ( 1568- 1648) between Spain and the Dutch Republic. Before the Westphalia Treaty, there was no term as Sovereignty.
Importance of Peace Of Westphalia in International Relations are as under -
1. The Peace of Westphalia acknowledged the Sovereignty of states and the fundamental right of Political Self Determination.
2. The Principleof legal equality was included in the States.
3. Treaties prevent the intervention of one statein the matter of other state, in their internal relations.
4. States become the main actors in the International Relations politics as opposed to multinational type of actors and smaller units in the previous era.
5. The concept of Sovereignty emerged as the most important aspect in governing, and introduced that how states would interact with one another.
Thank you so very much for this wonderful topic.
The Peace of Westphalia recognized the full territorial sovereignty of the members states of the empire. The were empowered to contract treaties with one another and with foreign powers, provided that emperor and the empire suffered no prejudice.
Some scholars of international relations credit the treaties with providing the foundation of the modern state system and articulating the concept of territorial sovereignty.
Within these limits the member state of the empire were bound to allow at least private worship, liberty of conscience, and the right of emigration to all religious minorities and dissidents within their domains.
The treaty was recognized as a fundamental law of the German Constitution and formed the basis of all subsequent treaties until the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806.
The year 1648 and the Treaty of Westphalia was a seminal year for IR scholars because it set forth the foundations of the international relations as we see it today. It introduced the concepts of non-interference, sovereignty and secularization that shaped the nature of state interactions up till today. Moreover, it implied the significance of centralized institutions and capitalist economic system which shaped the social, political and economic fabric of IR in the years to come.
The treaty of westephalia was signed between may and October 1648. It helps in ending the 30 years war(1618-1648) in Roman empire and 80 years war(1568-1648) between Spain and Dutch. After the peace of Westphalia, Spain recognised independence of Dutch republic.
Significance of the treaty of Westphalia:
Although peace did not restore throughout Europe but it paved the way for the national self-determination.
It sets the precedent of peace formulated by diplomatic congress.
Treaty provided the foundation of modern state system.
It articulated the concept of territorial sovereignty.
The norm was set that stopped one in interfering in other's internal affair.
Inter-state aggression was to be held in check by a balance of power.
Thank you ma'am for providing us such a wonderful lecture. It is very interesting and knowledgeable for us.....
Sovereignty is the fundamental pillar to understand the concept and importance of statehood. State are the main actors in international law. Treaty of Pre Westphalia and Westphalia replaces war with political diplomacy and negotiations as a means to solve problems of the state. Peace of Westphalia brought and end to 30 years of war(1618-1648) in the holy Roman empire and 80 years war(1568-1648) between Spain and Dutch republic.The treaty of Westphalia acknowledged sovereignty of states and the fundamental right of political self determination. It differentiates present states from the system followed during pre Westphalia era. Peace of Westphalia introduced a system of collective security in international political system. According to Peace of Westphalia, states exerted sovereign authority within its borders by having an entitlement to supreme and exclusive political and legal authority. During Pre Westphalian era sovereignty did not exist and the relation between political units were controlled within the empire by the emperor which led to wars and loss of lives. TERRITORIALITY and EXCLUSION OF EXTERNAL ACTORS from domestic authority of other states were the 2 highlighting principles of Westphalian sovereignty. Peace of Westphalia helps us in understanding the relations of different states and provides a means for cooperation and conduct of peaceful political negotiations. SOVEREIGNTY became the most important aspect in governing how states would interact with one another.
The Peace of Westphalia ended the Thirty Years' War. It stated that all German states, including the Calvinist ones, should determine their own religion. The states that made up the Holy Roman Empire were recognized as independent states, bringing an end to the Holy Roman Empire as a political entity.
We study international relations because:
#it helps us to know about the challenges which existed in past as well as can impact the future related to each other.
# gives us information about the global world.
#IR gives us comprehensive skills to understand.
Talking about treaty of westphalia
(Pre westphalian era)
_The world was mostly organised into city-states, particularly in the east Mediterranean region
_ There were several empires such as roman, Persian, arab, Chinese, etc
_sovereignty didn't exist in that period.
The Peace of Westphalia
🌑Peace of westphalia - a series of peace treaties signed between may and October in 1648 in Osnabrúck and munster.
🌑 These treaties brought an end to the THIRTY YEAR'S WAR (1618-1648) in the holy roman empire, and the EIGHTY YEAR'S WAR (1568-1648)between Spain and Dutch Republic.
Significance of Peace of westphalia :
🕳️It introduced a scheme of collective security in the international political system
🕳️The scheme of collective security established by the Peace of westphalia was never put into effect.
🕳️Nevertheless, the peace of westphalia introduced a collective security system to the international relations and provided the basis of the League of Nations in 1919.
🕳️They clearly confirm that states possessed collective security powers long before the advent of the UN.
Westphalian system _a global system based on the principles of international law :
Westphalian was a system based on the principle of international law that each state has sovereignty over its territory and domestic affairs, to the exclusion of all external powers, on the principle of non-interference in another country's domestic affairs, and each state is equal in international law.
Thank you for this useful lecture and information 💙
please ma'am make a separate video on police reform
International relations (IR), international affairs (IA) or international studies (IS) is the scientific study of interactions between sovereign states. In a broader sense, it concerns all activities between states-such as war, diplomacy, trade, and foreign policy-and relations with and among other international actors, such as intergovernmental organisations (IGOs), international non-governmental organisations (INGOs), international legal bodies, and multinational corporations (MNCs). International Relations gives us comprehensive skills to understand.
Peace of Westphalia:-
*Series of peace treaties signed between May and October 1648 in the Westphalia cities of Osnabrück and Münster.
*Ended the Thirty Year's War and the Eighty Year's War.
Although peace did not restore throughout Europe but it paved the way for the national self-determination.
- It sets the precedent of peace formulated by diplomatic congress.
- Treaty provided the foundation of modern state system.
- It articulated the concept of territorial sovereignty.
- The norm was set that stopped one in interfering in other's internal affair.
- Inter-state aggression was to be held in check by a balance of power.
Thanks a lot, ma'am for this wonderful lecture !!
Wow if you want to sleep, watch lectures made in this format like this
This is 2023, stop being so boring
The year 1648 and the Treaty of Westphalia was a seminal year for IR scholars because it set forth the foundations of the international relations as we see it today. It introduced the concepts of non-interference, sovereignty and secularization that shaped the nature of state interactions up till today. Moreover, it implied the significance of centralized institutions and capitalist economic system which shaped the social, political and economic fabric of IR in the years to come.
The treaty of westephalia was signed between may and October 1648. It helps in ending the 30 years war(1618-1648) in Roman empire and 80 years war(1568-1648) between Spain and Dutch. After the peace of Westphalia, Spain recognised independence of Dutch republic.
Significance of the treaty of Westphalia:
Although peace did not restore throughout Europe but it paved the way for the national self-determination.
- It sets the precedent of peace formulated by diplomatic congress.
- Treaty provided the foundation of modern state system.
- It articulated the concept of territorial sovereignty.
- The norm was set that stopped one in interfering in other's internal affair.
- Inter-state aggression was to be held in check by a balance of power.