I think I've watched all of your videos to date. Now I have enough surface knowledge of physics to sound pretentious at parties... in all seriousness though, your videos have me teetering on going back to college to pursue a PhD. Keep up the great work!
@@WillToWinvlog I understand your point for a lot of subjects. I am an autodidact myself, but to make notable contributions to the field, the path of least resistance (in my opinion) would be getting a degree. You can't say after watching any of these videos that you're an expert in that particular subject. The math behind a lot of these concepts takes years of reinforcement.
It never fails to amaze me how much scientists can find out with so little. This entire episode was about a single point of light teaching us about millions of years of the early universe. Edit: I forgot to mention that this single point of light was incredibly faint.
To be honest, astrophysicists are one of the most underrated jobs. Just the fact that they're able to know the composition, estructure, age and position of stars that are thousands of lightyears away is totally mindblowing.
Tbh, astrophysicists are highly overrated. Just look at how easily people become 'believers'. Really, you should all be taking what he says with a few grains of healthy skepticism.
@@nolanwestrich2602 not when numbers are doing the talking! These numbers are triple checked by groups/teams of scientists all over the globe! Triple checked and scrutinized by people who've never even met!
Matt: Ends the episode by saying Grumpy Cat both can and can't has cheezburger. Grumpy Cat: [dies the next day] Matt really can see through all of space and time, huh
I finally watched every single video of this channel, starting from the first video of Super Mario, I loved this channel, it taught me a lot and now this new knowledge can be used to confuse my friends with stuff that they have no idea about lol, and as a wise man once joked about neutrinos, "it will pass straight through their heads"
Omg! I got that joke haha! A month back I wouldn't have, I started listening to these videos to fall asleep... Not cause it's boring, but I like the way Matt's nice voice talks about stuff so complicated my mind can't comprehend. Its soothing :) but last days I find myself actually listening instead of drifting away, and understanding it! I guess what I mean is, thanks for making me smile :D
Bill Wurtz-ified *“Come on aliens, I know you wanna take back the dark areas, don’t you wanna take back the dark areas?”* *“Yes I do actually wanna take back the dark areas”*
So you could use the Lyman-alpha forest to map when (aka where) along the path the hydrogen gasses were, and how large and (with less resolution) how dense they were at the time. Amazing.
By far one of my favorite channels ever. Keep up the great work guys!! Excellent episode, big props to the tight, understandable writing and fantastic accompanying visuals.
I LOVE how you described the electron jumping orbitals! ... I wish the American public education system used symbols more analogous to what the “orbitals” would actually “look” like as you did here... as opposed to the almost planetary model they were using. I think a lot of people know that representation is outdated, leaving kids skeptical of a classes far more tedious (and described a LOT less interestingly) than SpaceTime... I might have kept paying attention more myself lol
One thing I endlessly appreciate about this channel is the intellectual honesty. Thanks for acknowledging and putting into perspective all the comments on the previous video about the classic crypto that’s expected to be “quantum computing proof” and about the challenges that face an actual implementation of a quantum internet (which it sounds like will be covered more extensively in a later video). Keep up the great work!
We are very privileged to exist this early in the universe’s life. Another 100 billion years and many clues about its infancy and birth will be totally outside of reach and observation ability of any then-existing civilization.
So... the early universe was a photon-baryon opqaue plasma in which light was trapped. Then recombination occurred and the photons were freed, ultimately leading to what we now see as the CMB. Then a few million years later, reionization happened, turning most of the interstellar gas back into plasma, but it's somehow still transparent?I had to dive back into previous episodes, getting as far back as the original CMB episode by Gabe... but it's still somewhat puzzling. I think in the dense early universe, photons were trapped because free electrons were just densely packed, while in the current, expanded universe, the interstellar gas is dispersed enough that the gas and free electrons don't really impede the photons?
Yes, at the pre-CMB stage, every photon had a high probability of encountering an electron temporarily bound to a nucleus, and thus be destroyed in the unbinding process (to be replaced by a new photon as electron rebound). This repeated over and over and photons made no significant progress through space. As space expanded, this probability dropped to nil because the atoms were more dispersed and because the light was no longer strong enough to blast the electrons off. Light that existed at that last moment free-streamed (the CMB). Then when stars came along emitting strong enough light to blast electrons off nearby atoms again, the electrons rarely found a nucleus to bind with again and stayed detached. The first photon is destroyed in the unbinding process but not subsequent ones. Free electrons don’t interfere with photons, only bound electrons do.
I didn’t say above why the pre-CMB light was no longer strong enough to blast the electrons off. You might think this is because space has expanded and stretched the photons into a lower energy state. This could have a tiny effect over the time that it takes to absorb and reemit a photon but each new photon has the same energy as the one destroyed so it really means no change. The universe would basically get stuck in the pre-CMB stage. However, a small number of times an electron that’s unbinding releases two lower energy photons instead of a single higher energy one. Over trillions of interactions, this lowers the average energy of all the photons, and leaves mostly lower energy photons in the end.
@@cloudpoint0 Technically, a single photon cannot be absorbed by a free electron, but multiphoton absorption by a free electron can occur and has been demonstrated experimentally. See the following references: (1.) Joseph H.Eberly, VII Interaction of Very Intense Light with Free Electrons, Progress in Optics, Volume 7, 1969, Pages 359-415 , doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6638(08)70598-5, (2.) F.F. Körmendi (1981) Absorption of Photons by a Free Electron in Laser Beams, Optica Acta: International Journal of Optics, 28:11, 1559-1562, DOI: 10.1080/713820480, and (3.) L. A. Lompré, G. Mainfray, C. Manus, and Gy. Farkas, Multiphoton Absorption by Electrons, Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 1243 - Published 22 October 1979. Your statement, "Free electrons don’t interfere with photons, only bound electrons do," is also not correct for single photon and electron interactions in that a photon can scatter from a free electron in a process called Compton Scattering. In Compton Scattering, the photon loses some of its energy to the free electron which shifts its wavelength to a longer wavelength. Compton Scattering results in the electron being given part of the photon's energy (making it recoil), and a photon of the remaining energy being emitted in a different direction from the original, so that the overall momentum of the system is also conserved. See web.mit.edu/8.13/8.13c/references-fall/compton/melissinos-p253-265.pdf and en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton_scattering . There is also an inverse process. As the wikipedia article also states "Inverse Compton scattering occurs when a charged particle transfers part of its energy to a photon." The wikipedia article also gives some examples of the importance of Inverse Compton Scattering in astrophysics.
@@luminiferous1960 A free electron can have any energy level. What would a photon absorption by a free electron do should one very rarely happen? Just make the electron move faster, not make it move to a new orbital (which it does not have) and then fall back with a photon release. The faster electron would eventually collide with something, slow down and be captured by a proton to release that kinetic energy in several steps and several photons. All this has no bearing what caused the CMB. Scattering plays a bigger role - the CMB comes from the surface of last scattering. I’m not sure I call either velocity changes or scattering an interference in the sense of absorbing and reemitting a photon. Scattering just randomizes the direction of the photons giving the smooth appearance to the CMB. Atomic absorption and reemission (or lack of) is what sets the temperature of the CMB. Don’t complicate things with esoteric points.
@@cloudpoint0 Compton scattering is hardly an esoteric point in discussing the CMB. As ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Sept05/Gawiser2/Gawiser1.html states "There were three main processes by which this radiation interacted with matter in the first few hundred thousand years: Compton scattering, double Compton scattering, and thermal bremsstrahlung. The simplest interaction of matter and radiation is Compton scattering of a single photon off a free electron, gamma + e- -> gamma + e-. ...Thus, energetic electrons can efficiently transfer energy to the photon background of the universe. This process is referred to as Inverse Compton scattering. The combination of cases where the photon gives energy to the electron and vice versa allows Compton scattering to generate thermal equilibrium (which is impossible in the Thomson limit of elastic scattering). Compton scattering conserves the number of photons. There exists a similar process, double Compton scattering, which produces (or absorbs) photons, e- + gamma e- + gamma + gamma...The net effect is that Compton scattering is dominant for temperatures above 90 eV whereas bremsstrahlung is the primary process between 90 eV and 1 eV. At temperatures above 1 keV, double Compton is more efficient than bremsstrahlung. All three processes occur faster than the expansion of the universe and therefore have an impact until decoupling...Although Compton scattering alone cannot produce a Planck distribution, such a distribution will remain unaffected by electromagnetic interactions or the universal expansion once it is achieved. A non-zero chemical potential will be reduced to zero by double Compton scattering and, later, bremsstrahlung which will create and absorb photons until the number density matches the energy and a thermal distribution of zero chemical potential is achieved. This results in the thermalization of the CBR at redshifts much greater than that of recombination."
I believe that if I just keep watching as many physics UA-cam videos as I can, I will unlock the secrets of the Unified Theory and nuclear fusion without having to do a single equation.
Hi Matt, is PBS planning to make a video about the emergent gravity theory of Erik Verlinde at some point? Initial observational evidence has been published. Best regards, Philippe
6:34 Note though that the Bowman+18 result has not been reproduced by any research groups and is a factor 2x stronger than expected from known physics...
Well it's barely been a year so far.It's still rather cutting edge and I'd expect at least another three or four years before the result can be properly settled into our current understanding.
@@garethdean6382 Yes, but I'm not holding my breath about it, in addition to not agreeing with expectations, the absorption feature could be explained by antenna artifacts.
Dude you know so much and you just drop actual facts about the cosmos it has its fun but also shows the equations that make sense for the proof of these vast distances
It was hard to wrap my head around the previous quantum physics video but this...this was pure knowledge I can absorb and project it to my hologram reality
I have a question: Since the universe is expanding, do we see galaxies closer together at the earliest time? Or does the expansion of space stretch the incoming light to make it look like they were farther apart than they really were?
Saw an older video that had you and Physics Girl on it challenging each other. Were these challenges ever completed? (I'm not sure how long ago it was, but you gave each other a year).
"During the cosmic dark ages, the first stars blasted energetic UV radiation into the surrounding gas, stripping hydrogen atoms of their electrons once again....... we call this epoch the cosmic crusades."
so there was a burst of light after 400ky, then the steller age brought a new source of light. in the post-steller age light will come from chance impacts of random left-over objects like steller embers, neutron stars and brown dwarfs, then once that is done with and everything gets sucked into this or that blackhole light will come from from the final evaporation of black holes. after that everything becomes an undifferentiated sea of photos and penrose takes over. is that about right? ages of he universe: 1. pre-steller 2. steller 3. post-steller 4. hawking 5. penrose
Sort of. That burst of light is from the big bang but was scattered by the hydrogen plasma until it cooled enough to form atoms again. At which point the light started going in straight lines, and that's the CMB. The point is these two events are 400ky apart (assuming your number is correct because I can't remember).
I wonder why the subtitles don't exactly match up with the words he actually speaks. Like, it might drop a word, or add a word that clarifies something he was referring to. I wonder if the subtitles are the original script and the variation is from his performance of it, or if it's someone making slight corrections when they create the subtitles.
There's definitely compression on his voice, but I doubt that's causing artifacts, more likely from noise removal algorithms getting confused on siblance
Indeed. It looks like the green screen reflect on his face and the separation from the background looks very crude. Maybe they changed their film editor?
The universe is a quantum computer, self-simulating error-corrections, fine tuning the parameter space, self-organizing necessary processes needed for phase transition from non-life matter into life, which is also a QC function, repairing/regenerating 50-70 billion damaged cells at 99.99 % efficiency and at lightning speed.
I think I've watched all of your videos to date. Now I have enough surface knowledge of physics to sound pretentious at parties... in all seriousness though, your videos have me teetering on going back to college to pursue a PhD. Keep up the great work!
If you can, go for it! You'll learn so many things you never even knew were interesting!
right HAHAHAHA
Good luck!
Videos like this make me realize how unnecessary it is to blow fortunes and years of your life in college when you can seek the information yourself.
@@WillToWinvlog I understand your point for a lot of subjects. I am an autodidact myself, but to make notable contributions to the field, the path of least resistance (in my opinion) would be getting a degree. You can't say after watching any of these videos that you're an expert in that particular subject. The math behind a lot of these concepts takes years of reinforcement.
It never fails to amaze me how much scientists can find out with so little. This entire episode was about a single point of light teaching us about millions of years of the early universe.
Edit: I forgot to mention that this single point of light was incredibly faint.
This is amazing.
To be honest, astrophysicists are one of the most underrated jobs. Just the fact that they're able to know the composition, estructure, age and position of stars that are thousands of lightyears away is totally mindblowing.
Tbh, astrophysicists are highly overrated. Just look at how easily people become 'believers'.
Really, you should all be taking what he says with a few grains of healthy skepticism.
@@KittyBoom360 Well, a tiny bit of skepticism for everything is good.
@@nolanwestrich2602 not when numbers are doing the talking!
These numbers are triple checked by groups/teams of scientists all over the globe!
Triple checked and scrutinized by people who've never even met!
Since discovering this channel a couple years ago, it has become one of my most favorites. Thank you for all the hard work.
They have my favorite videos that I don't understand.
I agree with you completely. Matt does a great job explaining things without watering it down or being too complex to understand without a PhD.
'The Cosmic Dark Ages' sounds like a great name for an atmospheric black metal album.
LOL Or any album!
no it's not
@James Klette Metal is the best! The fucking best.
An early Pink Floyd album 😁
Matt: Ends the episode by saying Grumpy Cat both can and can't has cheezburger.
Grumpy Cat: [dies the next day]
Matt really can see through all of space and time, huh
I finally watched every single video of this channel, starting from the first video of Super Mario, I loved this channel, it taught me a lot and now this new knowledge can be used to confuse my friends with stuff that they have no idea about lol, and as a wise man once joked about neutrinos, "it will pass straight through their heads"
Omg! I got that joke haha! A month back I wouldn't have, I started listening to these videos to fall asleep... Not cause it's boring, but I like the way Matt's nice voice talks about stuff so complicated my mind can't comprehend. Its soothing :) but last days I find myself actually listening instead of drifting away, and understanding it! I guess what I mean is, thanks for making me smile :D
Matt: Dark Ages
Aliens: *IT'S TIME FOR A CRUSADE*
I don't think the necessary atoms to form aliens were available at that time. The crusade must've happened much later. 😂
Bill Wurtz-ified
*“Come on aliens, I know you wanna take back the dark areas, don’t you wanna take back the dark areas?”*
*“Yes I do actually wanna take back the dark areas”*
Who's cosmic Saladin (pronounced Salah-ad-deen in Arabic)
@@DanielDogeanu It was just Quark in his bar serving gluons before then.
Deus vult!
Upvoted just for "you shouldn't need a reason to talk about quasars."
this eint reddit my dude its caled like
Sure you do. You need a reason to talk about anything. You and he are simply implying that there is always a reason present to talk about quasars.
@@medexamtoolscom it's just a joke, and I completely agree. Quasars are too cool to need a reason to talk about!
There should be a sports team named quasar. Quasars are the most powerful thing in the universe. They make neutron star nebula look like pussies.
I also am currently researching quasars, so I get the feeling
So you could use the Lyman-alpha forest to map when (aka where) along the path the hydrogen gasses were, and how large and (with less resolution) how dense they were at the time. Amazing.
"i'll get back to how on earth we could possibly know this in a bit" good that was good i liked it good job
I didn’t even notice it...
Same, but also tell me why I JUST an hour ago scrolled through the page that your icon is from?
"Somewhere between 10 - 100,000,000,000,000,000 stars.."
That's how I heard it... Lol
lol, same here but I'm high as shit
So, there is at least more than nine stars. Good good, must write this knowledge down.
You've heard of the one electron theory, now for the even more controversial ten star theory
Typical theorethical physics estimation
DIЭD OF DУSЭИТЭЯУ wait what did he actually mean? I'm actually not sure.
They're always interesting, but this one in particular lucidly explained a lot. Thanks, Matt! You Rock!
Pecs looking good professor Matt, keep pumping iron like a dying neutron star.
By far one of my favorite channels ever. Keep up the great work guys!! Excellent episode, big props to the tight, understandable writing and fantastic accompanying visuals.
My house is having a blackout while watching this. I admit it's.. immersive.
I'm assuming you're watching this from your phone with an internet package.
@@martiddy keep his package out of your mouth!
🤣
I LOVE how you described the electron jumping orbitals! ... I wish the American public education system used symbols more analogous to what the “orbitals” would actually “look” like as you did here... as opposed to the almost planetary model they were using. I think a lot of people know that representation is outdated, leaving kids skeptical of a classes far more tedious (and described a LOT less interestingly) than SpaceTime... I might have kept paying attention more myself lol
I love this channel, it's so enjoyable it's the only thing that distracts from the discomfort of my illness.
"But before we get to that, we're going to take a moment to talk about..."
"...Quasars."
Was expecting an ad. Yay for something much more fun :p
Sweet "fly-through" in the first minute! Very cool. Good job graphics guy!
One thing I endlessly appreciate about this channel is the intellectual honesty.
Thanks for acknowledging and putting into perspective all the comments on the previous video about the classic crypto that’s expected to be “quantum computing proof” and about the challenges that face an actual implementation of a quantum internet (which it sounds like will be covered more extensively in a later video).
Keep up the great work!
Evidence that Matt has the Space and Time stones. Just saying.
Don't tell Thanos!
@@Michael18599 I was just talking to Josh about them. His left eye lit up.
not gna read ur coment unti l i watched video
Congatulations on 200 videos!
Pretty mind blowing that we can know this much about the early universe.
James Webb Space Telescope will do more...
We are very privileged to exist this early in the universe’s life. Another 100 billion years and many clues about its infancy and birth will be totally outside of reach and observation ability of any then-existing civilization.
I always love to learn new things
This channel gives me the brain itches. I LOVE IT.
I just watched this episode and it made sense the whole way through. Send help.
I am as confused as you. I usually use this guy as an ASMR to go to sleep. I am not used to actually understand what he is saying.
Help has arrived. You understood him because he's an AMAZING educator, and you're getting smarter. 👍
Electro shock therapist en route
🤣🤣 You're learneding
It's just a simpler concept that more people are used to cus they were taught absorption lines in school.
So... the early universe was a photon-baryon opqaue plasma in which light was trapped. Then recombination occurred and the photons were freed, ultimately leading to what we now see as the CMB. Then a few million years later, reionization happened, turning most of the interstellar gas back into plasma, but it's somehow still transparent?I had to dive back into previous episodes, getting as far back as the original CMB episode by Gabe... but it's still somewhat puzzling. I think in the dense early universe, photons were trapped because free electrons were just densely packed, while in the current, expanded universe, the interstellar gas is dispersed enough that the gas and free electrons don't really impede the photons?
Yes, at the pre-CMB stage, every photon had a high probability of encountering an electron temporarily bound to a nucleus, and thus be destroyed in the unbinding process (to be replaced by a new photon as electron rebound). This repeated over and over and photons made no significant progress through space. As space expanded, this probability dropped to nil because the atoms were more dispersed and because the light was no longer strong enough to blast the electrons off. Light that existed at that last moment free-streamed (the CMB). Then when stars came along emitting strong enough light to blast electrons off nearby atoms again, the electrons rarely found a nucleus to bind with again and stayed detached. The first photon is destroyed in the unbinding process but not subsequent ones. Free electrons don’t interfere with photons, only bound electrons do.
I didn’t say above why the pre-CMB light was no longer strong enough to blast the electrons off. You might think this is because space has expanded and stretched the photons into a lower energy state. This could have a tiny effect over the time that it takes to absorb and reemit a photon but each new photon has the same energy as the one destroyed so it really means no change. The universe would basically get stuck in the pre-CMB stage. However, a small number of times an electron that’s unbinding releases two lower energy photons instead of a single higher energy one. Over trillions of interactions, this lowers the average energy of all the photons, and leaves mostly lower energy photons in the end.
@@cloudpoint0 Technically, a single photon cannot be absorbed by a free electron, but multiphoton absorption by a free electron can occur and has been demonstrated experimentally. See the following references: (1.) Joseph H.Eberly, VII Interaction of Very Intense Light with Free Electrons, Progress in Optics, Volume 7, 1969, Pages 359-415
, doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6638(08)70598-5, (2.) F.F. Körmendi (1981) Absorption of Photons by a Free Electron in Laser Beams, Optica Acta: International Journal of Optics, 28:11, 1559-1562,
DOI: 10.1080/713820480, and (3.) L. A. Lompré, G. Mainfray, C. Manus, and Gy. Farkas, Multiphoton Absorption by Electrons, Phys. Rev. Lett. 43, 1243 - Published 22 October 1979.
Your statement, "Free electrons don’t interfere with photons, only bound electrons do," is also not correct for single photon and electron interactions in that a photon can scatter from a free electron in a process called Compton Scattering. In Compton Scattering, the photon loses some of its energy to the free electron which shifts its wavelength to a longer wavelength. Compton Scattering results in the electron being given part of the photon's energy (making it recoil), and a photon of the remaining energy being emitted in a different direction from the original, so that the overall momentum of the system is also conserved. See web.mit.edu/8.13/8.13c/references-fall/compton/melissinos-p253-265.pdf and en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton_scattering . There is also an inverse process. As the wikipedia article also states "Inverse Compton scattering occurs when a charged particle transfers part of its energy to a photon." The wikipedia article also gives some examples of the importance of Inverse Compton Scattering in astrophysics.
@@luminiferous1960
A free electron can have any energy level. What would a photon absorption by a free electron do should one very rarely happen? Just make the electron move faster, not make it move to a new orbital (which it does not have) and then fall back with a photon release. The faster electron would eventually collide with something, slow down and be captured by a proton to release that kinetic energy in several steps and several photons. All this has no bearing what caused the CMB. Scattering plays a bigger role - the CMB comes from the surface of last scattering. I’m not sure I call either velocity changes or scattering an interference in the sense of absorbing and reemitting a photon. Scattering just randomizes the direction of the photons giving the smooth appearance to the CMB. Atomic absorption and reemission (or lack of) is what sets the temperature of the CMB. Don’t complicate things with esoteric points.
@@cloudpoint0
Compton scattering is hardly an esoteric point in discussing the CMB. As ned.ipac.caltech.edu/level5/Sept05/Gawiser2/Gawiser1.html states "There were three main processes by which this radiation interacted with matter in the first few hundred thousand years: Compton scattering, double Compton scattering, and thermal bremsstrahlung. The simplest interaction of matter and radiation is Compton scattering of a single photon off a free electron, gamma + e- -> gamma + e-. ...Thus, energetic electrons can efficiently transfer energy to the photon background of the universe. This process is referred to as Inverse Compton scattering. The combination of cases where the photon gives energy to the electron and vice versa allows Compton scattering to generate thermal equilibrium (which is impossible in the Thomson limit of elastic scattering). Compton scattering conserves the number of photons. There exists a similar process, double Compton scattering, which produces (or absorbs) photons, e- + gamma e- + gamma + gamma...The net effect is that Compton scattering is dominant for temperatures above 90 eV whereas bremsstrahlung is the primary process between 90 eV and 1 eV. At temperatures above 1 keV, double Compton is more efficient than bremsstrahlung. All three processes occur faster than the expansion of the universe and therefore have an impact until decoupling...Although Compton scattering alone cannot produce a Planck distribution, such a distribution will remain unaffected by electromagnetic interactions or the universal expansion once it is achieved. A non-zero chemical potential will be reduced to zero by double Compton scattering and, later, bremsstrahlung which will create and absorb photons until the number density matches the energy and a thermal distribution of zero chemical potential is achieved. This results in the thermalization of the CBR at redshifts much greater than that of recombination."
Oh, the special effects in these videos are LIT!!
WOW!!! Makes me Really Appreciate this Beautiful, Beautiful Day, May 20, 2019 in Southern California!!!
3 days later. Gloomy and rainy.
The computer animations are getting a lot better and the dialogue is top notch as always. Best content on -UA-cam- any format.
Its actually a monologue
To imagine that we can still see light that formed from stars so long ago that just now reach us, just blows my mind....
And is even more amazing when you realized that most of the stars that we're seeing are gone right now, those are just ghosts :)
I usually understand 75%-80% of the topic in these videos. Matt is literally someone I look up to.
Watching this while wearing my Space Time tshirt that just arrived in the mail!
I'm so jelly you could call me Mr. Smuckers
But you better not try it or I'll steal your shirt sucker
Did you 3d print it after receiving it in your email?
I'm glad that PBS Space Time is here to bring enlightenment.
This was uploaded with 10 views when I saw it. The fastest I have been on any video! Keep killing it SpaceTime
Munawwar Khanduwala true dat
10:09 - That is one of the most beautiful graphs I have ever seen. There is so much information to unpack there. Simply amazing!
I believe that if I just keep watching as many physics UA-cam videos as I can, I will unlock the secrets of the Unified Theory and nuclear fusion without having to do a single equation.
Are you for real? 😂
lmaoo
me too
I thought I'm the only one. ;-)
Me too, join the club 😂😅
This was super interesting. One of the best yet. To glean so much information from missing photons...amazing...
*for the emperor and Layman alpha*
-War cry of the thousand photons at the end of the cosmic dark age
Thank you to pbs, for supporting our mind and interest.
I can't imagine a less civilized act than to require anyone have a reason to talk about quasars.
The ingenuity in these readings amazes me
Notification squad. This ties with Rare Earth as my favorite YT series.
Seriously great series.
Never heard of Rare Earth. I’ll be heading there once I’m done here!
Great Episode. Also, nice shirt
That last line both is apropos and makes me sad in the wake of Grumpy Cat's recent death.
Great channel man:)
I take it the reference at the end there was put in before Grumpy Cat's wavefunction collapsed :(
Too soon? I'll say, it happened before it happened.
Very cool explanation of the ionization of the universe and where it took place and the evidence of.
Hi Matt, is PBS planning to make a video about the emergent gravity theory of Erik Verlinde at some point? Initial observational evidence has been published. Best regards, Philippe
These videos put human knowledge in perspective for me and inspire me to catch up to the frontier of knowledge so I can attempt to expand it.
6:34 Note though that the Bowman+18 result has not been reproduced by any research groups and is a factor 2x stronger than expected from known physics...
Can we get this to the top?
Well it's barely been a year so far.It's still rather cutting edge and I'd expect at least another three or four years before the result can be properly settled into our current understanding.
@@garethdean6382 Yes, but I'm not holding my breath about it, in addition to not agreeing with expectations, the absorption feature could be explained by antenna artifacts.
Dude you know so much and you just drop actual facts about the cosmos it has its fun but also shows the equations that make sense for the proof of these vast distances
Periodic Table of Minecraft!!! I have this T-shirt too and I love it as much as I love Minecraft!
Nice to see it on Minecraft's anniversary
Yeah
Amazing! I could watch everyday.
BONFIRE LIT🔥
This episode was produced almost as mysterious as the cosmic dark ages are. Nice :)
That’s the shit right there. Fresh pure new content
It was hard to wrap my head around the previous quantum physics video but this...this was pure knowledge I can absorb and project it to my hologram reality
Wasn't this during the time Rassilon took the Time Lords out hunting vampires?
I first read this as Traci Lords.
Hey, I'm here to tell you you are doing great work. Keep it up, ideas are the strands that connect relevant universes.
I have a question: Since the universe is expanding, do we see galaxies closer together at the earliest time? Or does the expansion of space stretch the incoming light to make it look like they were farther apart than they really were?
Yes. Galaxies were closer together then.
that is some *spectacular* cosmic detective work
Epoch of re-ionization?
You mean Era of Enlightenment.
A very good & clear explanation! Also, good music score.
PBS Space Time general rule: like the video before you start watching.
Thank god that decent audio is back
Saw an older video that had you and Physics Girl on it challenging each other. Were these challenges ever completed? (I'm not sure how long ago it was, but you gave each other a year).
Cosmic dark ages is so cool this video needs more views
Cheezeburger cat wasn't grumpy cat. Also, Grumpycat passed away recently. I can haz sadness.
Best youtube channel ever.
"During the cosmic dark ages, the first stars blasted energetic UV radiation into the surrounding gas, stripping hydrogen atoms of their electrons once again....... we call this epoch the cosmic crusades."
Cosmic proselytization
"-- future space-time history" sounds like a thrilling piece of work.
Unfortunately after today Grumpy Cat can’t haz cheeseburger. RIP Grumpy Cat.
I believe that when this video was *made,* Grumpy Cat must still have been in superposition, and had not yet collapsed into her definite state.
Grumpy Cat's reaction to the Cosmic Dark Ages: Bah humbug!
Like Schrödinger's cat, Grumpy Cat is both dead and alive. 🐈😺 😁
This is an exceptionally well made video .
so there was a burst of light after 400ky, then the steller age brought a new source of light. in the post-steller age light will come from chance impacts of random left-over objects like steller embers, neutron stars and brown dwarfs, then once that is done with and everything gets sucked into this or that blackhole light will come from from the final evaporation of black holes. after that everything becomes an undifferentiated sea of photos and penrose takes over. is that about right?
ages of he universe:
1. pre-steller
2. steller
3. post-steller
4. hawking
5. penrose
Sort of. That burst of light is from the big bang but was scattered by the hydrogen plasma until it cooled enough to form atoms again. At which point the light started going in straight lines, and that's the CMB. The point is these two events are 400ky apart (assuming your number is correct because I can't remember).
Eh, Penrose makes a lot of questionable assumptions in his model. Seems like hopeful thinking to me.
@@vampyricon7026 at the end of time, what else has anyone got?
@@b.griffin317 Nothing.
Yaaaaaas! It's space-time again!
I usually get to about 1/4 of the way or 1/2 way through your videos before my brain gives out. I try though haha
You do realize this the dumb down version of the dumb down version...you must be really dumb.
Bruh, this is some metaphysical shit. & I’m totally here for it!
I wonder why the subtitles don't exactly match up with the words he actually speaks. Like, it might drop a word, or add a word that clarifies something he was referring to. I wonder if the subtitles are the original script and the variation is from his performance of it, or if it's someone making slight corrections when they create the subtitles.
I can't speak for this specific case, but subtitles on a lot of these are done after the fact by someone holding a copy of the script.
I always feel so dumb yet fascinated with this channel. Wish i could understand it all
moi aussi
first?? woo hoo! a new video!! =D
now to explode my mind one more time,,,
Last!
I always appreciate the Star Trek sound effects in these videos
Can you wear a Green t-shirt next time? It'll be fun to see your torso disappeared 😅🤣
It's not green screen you idiot. It's in space!
I'm joking
@@موسى_7 I can confirm that he was in space. I was the quasar.
😜😅😅
@@nallid7357 I was the dark matter.
I funking love PBS Space time
There is an artifact in the sound track. It sounds like it was over compressed.
For the second time
There's definitely compression on his voice, but I doubt that's causing artifacts, more likely from noise removal algorithms getting confused on siblance
It's a lot better than last video, I couldn't even listen to that. I want to thank and encourage them to continue to get better at the audio!
When I was doing a lot of noise removal on really noisy sources I would make multiple passes on more mild settings to cut down on artifacts
If I remember right the more noise I would get out of a recording the harder it got to get noise out without artifacts
Thanks for the refresher
So.. do we get space vikings? We better get space vikings.
And space King Alfred. With Space Uhtred of Bebbanburg
I want space ninja pirates.
No, we get the Emperor of man and his space marines
Viking 2 was launched into space in 1975, So you do have Space Vikings, since nearly 45 years.
I did not know that. Thanks.
lightning has been wierd last couple episodes
Indeed. It looks like the green screen reflect on his face and the separation from the background looks very crude.
Maybe they changed their film editor?
A lit of kudos to the animation team 😊
Nitpicking: the hashtag #astrophyics has something wrong on it...
na, it's within an order of magnitude of the right tag, so it's fine
*_ASTROPHYICS_*
Astrofix
gotta love complexity. It really is at the root of everything
The only thing PBS can still do right...
3:58
What was that noise?
Meat, is that you?
For the ladies, Matt still has no ring on his finger! :-D
Great episode.
This was not relaxation. But very interesting.
I love this Channel.
I love this channel but every time he makes an S sound my ears hurt and cringe. Needs some EQ dampening on high frequency pleaseee!
Right, I have suggested it a while ago, already. But he did not seem to be bothered...
The universe is a quantum computer, self-simulating error-corrections, fine tuning the parameter space, self-organizing necessary processes needed for phase transition from non-life matter into life, which is also a QC function, repairing/regenerating 50-70 billion damaged cells at 99.99 % efficiency and at lightning speed.