So good that AT&T has made so many documentary films in the past! They knew the importance of what they made and it is a great fun to watch all these films.
Had the pleasure and misery to do a lot of this same work on the Eastern Test Range in the 1980's, dirty, exciting, seasick, sunburned, not enough sleep, adventure, I still talk about. Worse was the cables covered in creosote and jute. The stuff dried and we worked in a cloud of dust that stung. An ocean squall off Grand Bahama broke the cable one time during splicing and we had to search for the end. Another time off Antigua a co worker was flipped on his head and we had to cut the new splice and run for shore for a doctor. Another time we got back to Cape Canaveral after repeater training and when we unloaded the davit used to load and unload those giant buoys, the davit was found to have only one bolt holding it together-three bolts sheared during rough water. On Ascension Island, we had to place those iron protectors on the cable in the surf zone and up to the building. Another time on Antigua, I was cutting the balloons from the cable we had just moved--my hand was on the rope to get a steady cut, and suddenly the rope broke and before I could let go, I was instantly drug to the surface, seeing sunlight and clouds and through my regulator said Hol%%%%% am I dead? And dove for the bottom and sat 30' underwater not sure what was going to happen. Another time on Ascension, I heard a pop in my ear while diving and tasted salt water wtf? Wow that adventure had some good and bad days.
I appreciate so much when people leave comments like this on UA-cam videos. Its just cool to me hearing from people who were there and their experience. On top of that I appreciate and thank your part in this project that is definitely a part of why why have all of this. Thanks again for sharing
....man with the most important job in this entire documentary and made this all possible... is that young fella in the ship that walks around in a circle loading the cable on board!
Ukraine is the most corrupt country in Europe by a country mile.. Run by the Azov nazis they've been killing ethnic Russians since 2014, whatever the MSM tell you then you know they are lying scum
It was only one coax cable?! Quite amazing how they used valves in the repeaters, I didn't think they lasted all that long and required relatively frequent replacement.
This was when the US was a booming economic juggernaut unparalleled in its innovation and craftsmanship. Now I feel as though we're not a powerful as we once were. We've peaked in economic testosterone like a middle aged man.
that's because our politicians don't have vision and are concerned with all the wrong things. Even business and civilians are concerned about all the wrong things..we can never be the way were then if ALOT of PEOPLE and goings on don't change FAST!
7:37 Wait, so the guy walking around the centre core literally has to walk 3,000 miles! I'm guessing the other 3 guys who are sat there making sure the cable is in place, will at some point take it in turns. But still, that's 750 miles of walking each!
One of their earlier (1950s) news reels showed a graph of the exponential growth in telephony since 1905, to the point where line multiplexing became necessary. After WW2, long distance communications grow so rapidly that AT&T's line-of-sight microwave beaming became taxed, and they soon looked skyward (with Telstar 1) for sending messages and television signals around the globe via satellite. Coincidentally, with the invention of the maser/laser in 1957, optical methods quickly grew into being and copper lines replaced with fiber optics.
Funny how they had to lay all this cable after the triumph of Telstar and other satellites! And still to this day we use almost exclusively undersea cables!
+gobo760 Transmitting electricity 3,000 miles is pretty darned impressive!! (Or did they send some from North America and some from England+France? Even if so, transmitting it 1,000 to 1,500 miiles is still impressive.)
It’s possible the flags are displayed head to head, representative of the nations coming together on the project. Hard to tell, since the Japanese flag doesn’t appear to distinguish top/bottom. But of course it could be they’re all civilians and unaware of flag protocol.
FTL Ireland and Cornwall look much closer on this map. upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Ocean_dumping_of_radioactive_waste_in_Atlantic_Ocean.png/800px-Ocean_dumping_of_radioactive_waste_in_Atlantic_Ocean.png
Are the 500lb 'repeaters' (voice amplifiers) nuclear-reactor powered? Hard to imagine they'd be passive and I can't imagined what other power could they use at the sea bottom. Reminds me of the magnetic induction tap that the US used during operation Ivy Bells.
The power source was a high DC voltage (~5000 volts) fed into the cable from the shore stations. The telephone signals were superimposed onto this voltage, and separated by the use of blocking capacitors and filters at each end. Inside each repeater, various networks were used to derive filament and plate voltages for the amplifying tubes, which needed considerably less than 5000V to operate. The high voltage was needed to ensure sufficient power along the entire length of the run.
@@bobweiss8682 What's more, the comparatively recent invention (by AT&T scientists) of the transistor allowed for efficient and compact signal amplification that earlier would have required bulky, hot vacuum tubes, hardly suited to undersea deployment. Funny how so many factors (plastics, shielding, multiplexing, coaxial cables, peace time, etc.) arose in rapid succession to make this entire process possible as well as economically viable.
You can read the Bell System Technical Journal article for yourself. No mention of a miniaturized reactor for power... www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Bell-System-Technical-Journal/60s/Bell-System-Technical-Journal-1964-4-Complete.pdf
A couple of things here: 1) GPS’ first launch came a good fifteen years or so after this was recorded and 2) ships have been navigating by the sun and Pole star for centuries. The device that sailor is holding is what’s known as a sextant
@@peterweatherley7669 You and I know that Peter, but our host doesn't make the distinction and I think they probably ought to. I know I was pretty shocked when I found out we had transatlantic cable laying ships 20 years before the invention of the internal combustion engine.
While those cables were put into the ocean for worl wide telephone communication, but thanks today's smart compression technics,it is and can be now also used for internet,digital tv & digital radio,if they dit not had invented such smart compression technic, they had to start all over again for layed down cables under the ocean flour!!!
TPC-1 only had 384kHz bandwidth in each direction. That's about 1/4 of a 1.5Mbps T1 line, or about 7 dial-up modems. They essentially did start over and lay new lines. All of the original cables were abandoned and only 4-5th gen cables and newer are used for modern communications.
So good that AT&T has made so many documentary films in the past! They knew the importance of what they made and it is a great fun to watch all these films.
Had the pleasure and misery to do a lot of this same work on the Eastern Test Range in the 1980's, dirty, exciting, seasick, sunburned, not enough sleep, adventure, I still talk about. Worse was the cables covered in creosote and jute. The stuff dried and we worked in a cloud of dust that stung. An ocean squall off Grand Bahama broke the cable one time during splicing and we had to search for the end. Another time off Antigua a co worker was flipped on his head and we had to cut the new splice and run for shore for a doctor. Another time we got back to Cape Canaveral after repeater training and when we unloaded the davit used to load and unload those giant buoys, the davit was found to have only one bolt holding it together-three bolts sheared during rough water. On Ascension Island, we had to place those iron protectors on the cable in the surf zone and up to the building. Another time on Antigua, I was cutting the balloons from the cable we had just moved--my hand was on the rope to get a steady cut, and suddenly the rope broke and before I could let go, I was instantly drug to the surface, seeing sunlight and clouds and through my regulator said Hol%%%%% am I dead? And dove for the bottom and sat 30' underwater not sure what was going to happen. Another time on Ascension, I heard a pop in my ear while diving and tasted salt water wtf? Wow that adventure had some good and bad days.
I appreciate so much when people leave comments like this on UA-cam videos. Its just cool to me hearing from people who were there and their experience. On top of that I appreciate and thank your part in this project that is definitely a part of why why have all of this. Thanks again for sharing
Wow! Thank you for sharing!
broke myself falling down a couple decks on ship. marine engineer is an awful job. ended my career. can't walk now.
....man with the most important job in this entire documentary and made this all possible... is that young fella in the ship that walks around in a circle loading the cable on board!
I remember when one of those cables washed on on Gilligan's Island. They used it to try to call for help. :)
ginger?
I don't know why, but this old tech is fascinating... especially at the mid-point of this video.
These old timers that designed all this high-tech stuff were not stupid!
29:23 .... Little did they know how true and underestimated this statement would be.
Hmm Ukraine flag 😳 virtue signalling are we?
@@leonarddavies288 ... Hop back under your rock Leonard
Ukraine is the most corrupt country in Europe by a country mile.. Run by the Azov nazis they've been killing ethnic Russians since 2014, whatever the MSM tell you then you know they are lying scum
It was only one coax cable?! Quite amazing how they used valves in the repeaters, I didn't think they lasted all that long and required relatively frequent replacement.
Fantastic achievement!
This was when the US was a booming economic juggernaut unparalleled in its innovation and craftsmanship. Now I feel as though we're not a powerful as we once were. We've peaked in economic testosterone like a middle aged man.
@Jeffery Amherst We just need the Democratics to get cancer.
You shouldn't wish that on anyone. Only wish Gods wisdom for all.
@Gilded Chamber I am, but that big black domino like thing still scares the hell out of me. What are you doing?
Greed gave away our edge
that's because our politicians don't have vision and are concerned with all the wrong things. Even business and civilians are concerned about all the wrong things..we can never be the way were then if ALOT of PEOPLE and goings on don't change FAST!
I wish they would leave the original Bell System/Western Electric opening intact.
7:37 Wait, so the guy walking around the centre core literally has to walk 3,000 miles! I'm guessing the other 3 guys who are sat there making sure the cable is in place, will at some point take it in turns. But still, that's 750 miles of walking each!
So great job! So great project!
I love this guy.
I grew up on Modern Marvels and How Its Made--I'll make sure this is what my children grow up on!
Very cool!
Who services and maintains and lays cables now that ATT is no more?
18:25 the Japanese repeaters and equipment still work today
This is a huge project. Very interesting operation. Is this cable still in use?
Probably not. It’s a copper cable and the Repeaters were using vacuum tubes.
Excellent video! ☻ Very educational and entertaining as well! 👍
They were probably the first boat crew that everyone got to call home every day
leave it up to Bell Lab AT&T to make cable laying fun and exciting....
Does anyone know where I can find the names of the “officer” crew that served on board CS LONG Lines?
13:10 A "small" computer...
That got a chuckle from me, too :)
So did AT&T name their long line network after a ship?
is there more information available from AT&t about how at&t determined that there was a demand for these undersea cables?
One of their earlier (1950s) news reels showed a graph of the exponential growth in telephony since 1905, to the point where line multiplexing became necessary. After WW2, long distance communications grow so rapidly that AT&T's line-of-sight microwave beaming became taxed, and they soon looked skyward (with Telstar 1) for sending messages and television signals around the globe via satellite. Coincidentally, with the invention of the maser/laser in 1957, optical methods quickly grew into being and copper lines replaced with fiber optics.
Funny how they had to lay all this cable after the triumph of Telstar and other satellites! And still to this day we use almost exclusively undersea cables!
The sharks can't eat Telstar! :)
Capacity and lag...
@Paul Morley Starlink has entered the chat...
i wunder how mutch did that US-Japan line cost and what was its lifespan ?
From New Jersey to ice cream heaven
Very informative thank you for your video on your service
It's a bit more modern than The Great Eastern :O
They should have just named this ship the "C.S. DMV" and called it a day.
The first trans-oceanic cable was laid in 1858, NOT 1956 as stated here!
That was for telegraph I believe
Great.
Fiber optic cables uses light and therefore do not generate any kind of electric field.
+gobo760 Transmitting electricity 3,000 miles is pretty darned impressive!!
(Or did they send some from North America and some from England+France? Even if so, transmitting it 1,000 to 1,500 miiles is still impressive.)
True but if you look in to fiber optic cable open it chold cause blindniss
@@tylersheehy3918 So can playing with yourself.😮😣😆
@ 21:24 the US flag is displayed incorrectly.
It’s possible the flags are displayed head to head, representative of the nations coming together on the project. Hard to tell, since the Japanese flag doesn’t appear to distinguish top/bottom. But of course it could be they’re all civilians and unaware of flag protocol.
And no one cares.
When Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone, he discovered he had missed three calls from Chuck Norris!
And 17 messages about the Extended Warranty on his home equipment.
4:22 Why is there are cable from Newfoundland to the northern tip of Scotland?
That is the shortest undersea route
FTL Ireland and Cornwall look much closer on this map.
upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Ocean_dumping_of_radioactive_waste_in_Atlantic_Ocean.png/800px-Ocean_dumping_of_radioactive_waste_in_Atlantic_Ocean.png
@@RonJohn63 Try looking at the routes on a globe.
22:59 They don't grow tomatoes like that anymore.
LOL
I wonder how many phone conversations each cable could carry at once.
The cable carried 35 simultaneous calls, and 22 telegraph lines (squeezed into a 36th voice line).
@@VideoNOLAseems like a good capacity for when it was $50 a min
The host at the beginning yells and has a lisp.
He's so annoying
Really glad we didn't hear any more from him after the introduction.
Folks, show respect. Despite the voice, he’s the curator of this collection. We wouldn’t have the opportunity to enjoy all this without his efforts
Others may be able to listen to your nasal drawl, personally I think you got the job because you owned the company!
So what do you own?
@7:34 What in tf is going on in this ship
Interesting, it appears that the officers on board are US Navy personnel. Hmm.
Are the 500lb 'repeaters' (voice amplifiers) nuclear-reactor powered? Hard to imagine they'd be passive and I can't imagined what other power could they use at the sea bottom. Reminds me of the magnetic induction tap that the US used during operation Ivy Bells.
The power source was a high DC voltage (~5000 volts) fed into the cable from the shore stations. The telephone signals were superimposed onto this voltage, and separated by the use of blocking capacitors and filters at each end. Inside each repeater, various networks were used to derive filament and plate voltages for the amplifying tubes, which needed considerably less than 5000V to operate. The high voltage was needed to ensure sufficient power along the entire length of the run.
Bob Weiss your explanation is nothing more than science fiction. I think the repeaters are nuclear powered as that solution makes sense
@@bobweiss8682 What's more, the comparatively recent invention (by AT&T scientists) of the transistor allowed for efficient and compact signal amplification that earlier would have required bulky, hot vacuum tubes, hardly suited to undersea deployment. Funny how so many factors (plastics, shielding, multiplexing, coaxial cables, peace time, etc.) arose in rapid succession to make this entire process possible as well as economically viable.
You can read the Bell System Technical Journal article for yourself. No mention of a miniaturized reactor for power...
www.americanradiohistory.com/Archive-Bell-System-Technical-Journal/60s/Bell-System-Technical-Journal-1964-4-Complete.pdf
@@davidjames666 What? You sound like a confused troll. Hmm.
Residential fiber to the prem drops also emit a high frequency tone that can drive dogs crazy. Dogs will dig up these drops on occasion.
12:00 Pre-GPS era?
A couple of things here: 1) GPS’ first launch came a good fifteen years or so after this was recorded and 2) ships have been navigating by the sun and Pole star for centuries. The device that sailor is holding is what’s known as a sextant
jfc no wonder if costs to phone more than 25km up the road. so much resources for these cables. all rotting on the sea floor.
Erm first transoceanic cable was 1858 surely? en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transatlantic_telegraph_cable
Telegraph, not telephone
@@peterweatherley7669 You and I know that Peter, but our host doesn't make the distinction and I think they probably ought to. I know I was pretty shocked when I found out we had transatlantic cable laying ships 20 years before the invention of the internal combustion engine.
This was pretty good but they should have hit a gong a couple of times when they were in Japan.
Notice the magenta colour, no green, eastman kodak....ha ha.
Is that a type of camera? Interesting
@@funnyyylock it's a film process that disintegrates with age, and finally becomes opaque, many classics are lost by this process, unlike technicolor.
fiber optic cable does not emit any kind of signal that would “drive sharks wild”.
the electric current for the repeaters does
Is that the latest girls go wild DVD, sharks gone wild?
This wasn’t fiber optic, it was coaxial. All electrons
While those cables were put into the ocean for worl wide telephone communication, but thanks today's smart compression technics,it is and can be now also used for internet,digital tv & digital radio,if they dit not had invented such smart compression technic, they had to start all over again for layed down cables under the ocean flour!!!
TPC-1 only had 384kHz bandwidth in each direction. That's about 1/4 of a 1.5Mbps T1 line, or about 7 dial-up modems.
They essentially did start over and lay new lines. All of the original cables were abandoned and only 4-5th gen cables and newer are used for modern communications.
Who tf picked this narrator. Social programming much???
all obsolete now
Just like 4G will be very soon.
@@cloneNK1124 This is unlikely to happen in rural areas due to the limited range of 5G.
18:34: Cue racist Asian music.