In 1500 the population of Europe was 60 million. The population of Russia was likely under 10 million. The population of the ENTIRE middle east, including Egypt was less than 10 million. Thats with iron, bronze, steal, horses, castles, apartment complexes and literally not a city on the continent that doesn't have structures still standing from before Columbus. To suggest North America had a population EVEN CLOSE to 100 million is pretty hard to believe. Go to the biggest ancient ruins of middle age US. Cahokia, Chaco, etc. Each had populations of around 20,000! They were tiny! Much like pre-bronze age Europe, there just wasn't technology to maintain large cities & populations. The only real population was in Mexico among the Aztec Empire... and although it was impressive, it still was not as strong or impressive as the Ottoman empire... which as mentioned had around 10 million people. There are great census records in Mexico of how many died in the plagues... and much like Europe during black death... it averaged 30% and only occasionally reached 50%. Not 99% as this study would require.
Very good analysis. This book is leaning towards 100 million while there are other scholars that are leaning towards much smaller number. Here is what google search shows: "Pre-Columbian population figures are difficult to estimate because of the fragmentary nature of the evidence. Estimates range from 8-112 million. Scholars have varied widely on the estimated size of the Indigenous populations prior to colonization and on the effects of European contact."
Exactly 😊
I did not imagine a pristine wilderness.
In 1500 the population of Europe was 60 million. The population of Russia was likely under 10 million. The population of the ENTIRE middle east, including Egypt was less than 10 million. Thats with iron, bronze, steal, horses, castles, apartment complexes and literally not a city on the continent that doesn't have structures still standing from before Columbus.
To suggest North America had a population EVEN CLOSE to 100 million is pretty hard to believe. Go to the biggest ancient ruins of middle age US. Cahokia, Chaco, etc. Each had populations of around 20,000! They were tiny! Much like pre-bronze age Europe, there just wasn't technology to maintain large cities & populations. The only real population was in Mexico among the Aztec Empire... and although it was impressive, it still was not as strong or impressive as the Ottoman empire... which as mentioned had around 10 million people. There are great census records in Mexico of how many died in the plagues... and much like Europe during black death... it averaged 30% and only occasionally reached 50%. Not 99% as this study would require.
Very good analysis. This book is leaning towards 100 million while there are other scholars that are leaning towards much smaller number. Here is what google search shows: "Pre-Columbian population figures are difficult to estimate because of the fragmentary nature of the evidence. Estimates range from 8-112 million. Scholars have varied widely on the estimated size of the Indigenous populations prior to colonization and on the effects of European contact."
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The paper rustling sound was distracting.
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Who used the word primitive?
In what context do you mean?