Baby Chicks Hatching / Egg Hatching in Kerala

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  • Опубліковано 21 чер 2020
  • Baby Chicks Hatching / Egg Hatching in Kerala
    A hatchery is a facility where eggs are hatched under artificial conditions, especially those of fish or poultry. It may be used for ex-situ conservation purposes, i.e. to breed rare or endangered species under controlled conditions; alternatively, it may be for economic reasons (i.e. to enhance food supplies or fishery resources).
    The broiler industry is the process by which broiler chickens are reared and prepared for meat consumption. Worldwide, in 2005 production was 71,851,000 tonnes. From 1985 to 2005, the broiler industry grew by 158%.
    A key measure of performance is the Feed conversion ratio (FCR), the ability to convert feed into an edible product. In 2018 the FCR of broilers is about 1.5, or 1.5kg of feed to produce 1 kg of meat. This compares very favorably with other sources of meat.
    It is estimated that broilers produce 6kg of greenhouse gas per 1kg of meat, as compared to 60kg GHG /kg for beef cattle.
    In the 1980s, it was typical to produce 2 kilograms in 70 days. In 2018 it takes just 29 days to produce a bird of the same weight.
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    Hatcheries take the fertilized eggs, incubate them, and produce day-old broiler chicks.
    Incubation takes about 21 days and is often a two-step process. Initial incubation is done in machines known as setters. A modern setter is the size of a large room, with a central corridor and racks on either side. Eggs are held relatively tightly (large end up) in trays, which are stored in the racks. Inside the setter, temperature and humidity are closely maintained. Blowers or fans circulate air to ensure uniform temperature, and heating or cooling is applied as needed by automated controls. The racks pivot or tilt from side to side, usually on an hourly basis. As an example, one commercial machine can hold up to 124,416 eggs and measures about 4.7 meters wide by 7.2 meters deep. Setters often hold more than one hatch, on a staggered hatch-day basis, and operate continuously. The setter phase lasts about 18 days.
    On or about day 18, the eggs are removed from the setters and transferred to hatchers. These machines are similar to setters, but have larger flat-bottom trays, so the eggs can rest on their sides, and newly hatched chicks can walk. Having a separate machine helps keep hatching debris out of the setter. The environmental conditions in the hatcher are optimized to help the chicks hatch. As a commercial example, a large hatcher has capacity for 15,840 eggs, and measures about 3.3 meters by 1.8 meters.
    Some incubators are single-stage (combining setter and hatcher functions), and entire trolleys of eggs can be rolled in at one time. One advantage of single-stage machines is that they are thoroughly cleaned after each hatch, whereas a setter is rarely shut down for cleaning. The single-stage environment can be adjusted for eggs from different producing flocks, and for each step of the hatch cycle. The setter environment is often a compromise as different egg batches are in the machine at one time.[citation needed]
    On hatch day (day 21), the trays are removed ("pulled") from the hatchers, and then the chicks are removed from the trays. Chicks are inspected, with the sickly ones being disposed of. Chicks may be by vaccinated, sorted by sex, counted, and placed in chick boxes. Stacks of chick boxes are loaded into trucks for transport and arrive at the broiler farm on the same day. Specialized climate-controlled trucks are typically used, depending on climate and transport distance.
    Chick sexing is optionally done to improve uniformity - since males grow faster, the weights are more uniform if males and females are raised separately. The birds are bred so that males and females have unique feather patterns or color differences. Unlike egg-laying poultry, males are not culled.
    The typical hatchability rate in Canada in 2011 was 82.2%. (i.e. 82.2% of eggs set for incubation produced a saleable chick). A UK source estimates 90% hatchability.
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